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Zheng Y, Dong X, Chen S, He Y, An J, Liu M, He L, Zhang Y. Low-level laser therapy prevents medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw-like lesions via IL-1RA-mediated primary gingival wound healing. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36627695 PMCID: PMC9832759 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious debilitating disease caused by anti-resorption and anti-angiogenesis drugs, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Recent studies suggested that primary gingival wound healing may effectively prevent the development of MRONJ. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on promoting gingival wound healing in extraction sockets of MRONJ-like mice and preventing the occurrence of MRONJ. Furthermore, we explored underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into the Ctrl, Zol, and Zol + LLLT groups. Administration of zoledronate and tooth extraction of bilateral maxillary second molars were used to build the MRONJ model, and LLLT was locally administered into the tooth sockets to examine the effect of LLLT. Next, to explore the function of IL-1RA, we performed LLLT with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) neutralizing antibody (named Zol + LLLT + IL-1RA NAb group) or negative control antibodies for tooth extraction in subsequent rescue animal experiments. Stereoscope observations, micro-computed tomography, and histological examination were conducted to evaluate gingival wound healing and bone regeneration in tooth sockets. The effects of LLLT on the migration capacities of zoledronate-treated epithelial cells were assessed in vitro. RESULTS LLLT promoted primary gingival wound healing without exposed necrotic bone. Micro-computed tomography results showed higher bone volume and mineral density of the tooth sockets after LLLT. Histology analysis showed complete gingival coverage, obvious bone regeneration, and reduced soft tissue inflammation, with down-regulated pro-inflammation cytokines, like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and up-regulated IL-1RA expression in the gingival tissue in the LLLT group. The rescue assay further showed that the effects of LLLT promoting gingival wound healing and preventing MRONJ might be partially abolished by IL-1RA neutralizing antibodies. In vitro studies demonstrated that LLLT accelerated zoledronate-treated epithelial cell migration. CONCLUSIONS LLLT might promote primary gingival wound healing and contribute to subsequent bone regeneration of the tooth extractions in MRONJ-like lesions via IL-1RA-mediated pro-inflammation signaling suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Dong
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingang An
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Laser and Cosmetic Surgery Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhai He
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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Szóstek-Mioduchowska AZ, Baclawska A, Rebordão MR, Ferreira-Dias G, Skarzynski DJ. Prostaglandins effect on matrix metallopeptidases and collagen in mare endometrial fibroblasts. Theriogenology 2020; 153:74-84. [PMID: 32442743 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that prostaglandins (PGs) exert multiple regulatory actions in the processes associated to tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is mediated by matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs). The knowledge about the regulation of their expression in mare endometrium is still limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether: (i) profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 modulates PG production in equine endometrium; and (ii) PGE2 and PGF2α modulate MMPs, their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and collagen 1 (COL1) expression. In experiment 1, the effect of TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) on PG secretion and PG synthases mRNA transcription, after 24 and 48 h treatment of mare endometrial fibroblast and epithelial cells was investigated using ELISA and qPCR. In experiment 2, the effects of PGE2 and PGF2α in doses 10-7M and 10-8M on secretion and MMP1, 2, 9, 13, TIMP1, 2, and COL1A1 mRNA transcription in mare endometrial fibroblasts were assessed. Transforming growth factor-β1 treatment decreased secretion of PGF2α by endometrial fibroblasts (P < 0.05) and PGF2α and PGE2 by endometrial epithelial cells (P < 0.05). Prostaglandin E2 increased MMP-2 and MMP-9, and decreased MMP-13 secretion by endometrial fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Additionally, PGF2α treatment increased MMP-2, MMP-13 and COL1, but decreased MMP-1 secretion by endometrial fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Prostaglandins may be involved in the processes associated to pathological endometrial remodeling by their effect on MMP expression. The effect of PGF2α on COL1 secretion from fibroblasts suggests its profibrotic role in pathological endometrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zuzanna Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baclawska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Rosa Rebordão
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Sciences, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Graca Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dariusz Jan Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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Chegini N, Ma C, Davis J, Duff P, Rosa C. Differential Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptors in Myometrium of Women With Failed Induction of Labor, No Labor, and Preterm Labor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769900600506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Chegini
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | | | - Cesar Rosa
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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Molecular mechanism for the effects of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin on mouse embryo survival. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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The Th1:th2 dichotomy of pregnancy and preterm labour. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:967629. [PMID: 22719180 PMCID: PMC3376783 DOI: 10.1155/2012/967629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique immunological state in which a balance of immune tolerance and suppression is needed to protect the fetus without compromising the mother. It has long been established that a bias from the T helper 1 cytokine profile towards the T helper 2 profile contributes towards successful pregnancy maintenance. The majority of publications that report on aberrant Th1:Th2 balance focus on early pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Over the last few decades, there has been an increased awareness of the role of infection and inflammation in preterm labour, and the search for new biomarkers to predict preterm labour continues. In this paper, we explore the evidence for an aberrant Th1:Th2 profile associated with preterm labour. We also consider the potential for its use in screening women at high risk of preterm labour and for prophylactic therapeutic measures for the prevention of preterm labour and associated neonatal adverse outcomes.
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Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Tarca A, Kusanovic JP, Mittal P, Kim SK, Gotsch F, Erez O, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Pacora P, Ogge G, Dong Z, Kim CJ, Yeo L, Hassan SS. A subset of patients destined to develop spontaneous preterm labor has an abnormal angiogenic/anti-angiogenic profile in maternal plasma: evidence in support of pathophysiologic heterogeneity of preterm labor derived from a longitudinal study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 22:1122-39. [PMID: 19916710 PMCID: PMC3437777 DOI: 10.3109/14767050902994838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal blood has been observed in several obstetrical syndromes including preeclampsia, pregnancies with fetal growth restriction and fetal death. Vascular lesions have been identified in a subset of patients with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL). It is possible that PTL may be one of the manifestations of an anti-angiogenic state. The aim of this study was to determine if patients prior to the clinical diagnosis of PTL leading to preterm delivery had plasma concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors different from normal pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN This longitudinal nested case-control study included normal pregnant women (n = 208) and patients with PTL leading to preterm delivery (n = 52). Maternal blood samples were collected at 6 gestational age intervals from 6 to 36.9 weeks of gestation. The end point (time of diagnosis) of the study, 'True PTL', was defined as patients presenting with PTL and delivered within 1 day. Plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-1, sVEGFR-2, sEng and PlGF were determined by ELISA. Analysis was performed with both cross-sectional and longitudinal (mixed effects model) approaches. RESULTS (1) Plasma sEng concentration in patients destined to develop PTL was higher than that in normal pregnant women from 15-20 weeks of gestation. The difference became statistical significant at 28 weeks of gestation, or approximately 5-10 weeks prior to the diagnosis of 'true PTL'. (2) Backward analysis suggests that plasma concentrations of PlGF and sVEGFR-2 were lower, and those of sVEGFR-1 were higher in patients with PTL than in normal pregnant women less than 5 weeks prior to the diagnosis of 'true PTL'; and (3) Plasma concentrations of sEng and sVEGFR-1 were higher and those of PlGF and sVEGFR-2 were lower in patients diagnosed with PTL and delivery within 1 day than in normal pregnant women who delivered at term. CONCLUSION The changes in sEng are demonstrable several weeks prior to the onset of preterm parturition. In contrast, the changes in the other angiogenic proteins are present close to the onset of PTL and delivery. This observation supports the view that an imbalance of angiogenic factors participates in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sun Kwon Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Giovanna Ogge
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Simhan HN, Chura JC, Rauk PN. The effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of prostaglandin E2 by cultured human decidual cells. J Reprod Immunol 2004; 64:1-7. [PMID: 15596223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Revised: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) diminish production of PGE2 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultured human decidual cells. STUDY DESIGN Decidual cells from six women undergoing elective cesarean delivery without labor at term were cultured to confluence and incubated with LPS (10 ng/mL) with and without IL-4 and IL-10 (10 ng/mL) and the supernatant assayed for PGE2. RESULTS PGE2 concentration in non-treated cells (NT) was 16,693+/-8991 pg/mL and in cells incubated with IL-4 alone was 13,490+/-5729 pg/mL, not statistically different from that of the NT cells. Incubation with LPS increased PGE2 concentration (32,540+/-18,795 pg/mL) compared to NT cells (p=0.02). PGE2 concentration in cells co-incubated with IL-4 and LPS (8975+/-5249 pg/mL) was lower than in the LPS-alone group (p=0.005). PGE2 concentration in cells co-incubated with IL-10 and LPS was 29,644+/-25,085 pg/mL, not different from the LPS-alone group. CONCLUSIONS IL-4 reduced LPS-stimulated PGE2 production in decidual cells while IL-10 did not. IL-4 is a potential immunomodulatory agent in decidual inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyagriv N Simhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Keelan JA, Blumenstein M, Helliwell RJA, Sato TA, Marvin KW, Mitchell MD. Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition--a review. Placenta 2003; 24 Suppl A:S33-46. [PMID: 12842412 DOI: 10.1053/plac.2002.0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The elaboration of cytokines, chemokines and immunomodulatory proteins in the placenta and gestational membranes has been extensively investigated in the context of both normal and abnormal pregnancy and delivery. Patterns of expression of cytokines in the foetal membranes and decidua suggest that inflammatory activation occurs modestly with term labour, but much more robustly in preterm delivery, particularly in the presence of intrauterine infection. Enhanced chemokine expression, particularly evident in deliveries with an infected amniotic cavity, is presumably responsible for recruiting infiltrating leukocytes into the membranes thereby amplifying the inflammatory process and hastening membrane rupture and delivery. Anti-inflammatory cytokines suppress inflammatory reactions in the placenta, but under some circumstances may act in a pro-inflammatory fashion in the membranes. Intracellular signalling by cytokines is modulated by proteins such as SOCS (Silencer Of Cytokine Signalling)-1, -2 and -3. Changes in the abundance of these proteins occur with term labour, implicating them as modulators of cytokine actions around the time of parturition. Prostaglandins, released by the membranes in response to stretch and the actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, act not only upon the myometrium and cervix, but may also exert paracrine/autocrine effects on cell viability and matrix protein integrity. The localization and regulation of prostanoid isomerases, responsible for converting PGH(2) (derived from prostaglandin H synthase-1 and -2) to bioactive prostanoids, are being studied in these tissues, particularly in the context of cytokine interactions. Although the gestational tissues are known to be sources of PGD(2), PGJ(2) and its derivatives, the regulation of production of these prostaglandins has yet to be studied in any detail and their actions, which may include apoptosis and suppression of inflammation, remain poorly defined. A more complete understanding of these aspects of cytokine-prostaglandin interactions in pregnancy and parturition will, no doubt, unfold as current studies come to fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Keelan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 2-6 Park Ave, Grafton, New Zealand.
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Shon YH, Nam KS. Protective effect of Astragali radix extract on interleukin 1?-induced in?ammation in human amnion. Phytother Res 2003; 17:1016-20. [PMID: 14595579 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Astragali radix extract on interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) release from IL-1beta-stimulated human amnion. Primary monolayer cultures of amnion cells were established from women undergoing elective caesarean section before the onset of labour. Production of both IL-6 and TNF-alpha was stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner by proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta (0.01-10 ng/mL). Astragalus extract inhibited IL-6 production by approximately 75% from cells under IL-1beta-stimulated conditions. Treatment of amnion cells with IL-1beta (0.01-10 ng/mL) resulted in a significant increase in PGE(2) release. Incubation of the cells with the extract for 24 h significantly inhibited IL-1beta-induced PGE(2) production. A concentration-dependent increase in LTC(4) production by amnion cells occurred in response to IL-1beta. Astragalus extract blocked the effect of IL-1beta in LTC(4) production in human amnion. These results indicate that Astragali radix has a broad antiinflammatory effect in human amnion and may be considered a promising agent to protect preterm labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Shon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Kyongju 780-714, Korea
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Zicari A, Ticconi C, Realacci M, Cela O, Santangelo C, Pietropolli A, Russo MA, Piccione E. Hormonal regulation of cytokine release by human fetal membranes at term gestation: effects of oxytocin, hydrocortisone and progesterone on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 output. J Reprod Immunol 2002; 56:123-36. [PMID: 12106888 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(02)00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines can play an important role in the biomolecular processes leading to labour by regulating prostaglandin production in intrauterine tissues. In the setting of intrauterine infection, an increased production of these cytokines by placenta, decidua and fetal membranes occurs and is responsible for the onset and maintenance of preterm labour. However, the factors involved in the control of cytokine release by these tissues in normal pregnancy at term are still largely unknown. We investigated the possibility that the synthesis and release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) by human fetal membranes at term gestation is regulated by several hormones potentially involved either in the maintenance of pregnancy or in the parturitional process. In the present study, the effects of hydrocortisone, progesterone and oxytocin on TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 release by explants of fetal membranes at term gestation were evaluated. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the effect of the above hormones on mRNA expression; TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 release in culture medium was quantitifed by ELISA assays. Results show that both tissue mRNA expression for TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha release in culture medium were significantly increased by oxytocin, but not by hydrocortisone and progesterone. On the contrary, all the hormones tested increased both tissue TGF-beta1 mRNA expression and release in culture medium. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 production by human fetal membranes in uncomplicated pregnancy at term is selectively modulated by oxytocin, hydrocortisone and progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zicari
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Bowen JM, Chamley L, Keelan JA, Mitchell MD. Cytokines of the placenta and extra-placental membranes: roles and regulation during human pregnancy and parturition. Placenta 2002; 23:257-73. [PMID: 11969336 DOI: 10.1053/plac.2001.0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Summary In an earlier, companion, review, we concluded that cytokines produced by the placenta and associated membranes are likely to be involved in control of the processes of implantation and placental development (Bowen et al., 2002). In this review, we discuss evidence that cytokines continue to be part of a paracrine/autocrine regulatory network in the placenta and membranes throughout the mid and late stages of gestation. Cytokines are involved in regulation of placental growth during these later stages of pregnancy and also function to protect the fetus from pathological organisms. The evidence, while not entirely consistent, suggests that production of certain cytokines within the extraplacental membranes is altered during normal term parturition, whereas in the villous placenta evidence of labour-associated changes is much more equivocal. Roles for cytokines have been postulated in many facets of parturition, including expulsion of the fetus by uterine contractions, membrane rupture, and dilation of the cervix. Imbalances and disruptions to the cytokine milieu have been implicated in a number of diseases of pregnancy involving abnormalities of both placental growth/establishment and initiation of parturition. Cytokine secretion induced by intrauterine infection is associated with increased occurrence or severity of some neonatal diseases. This wealth of data supports the view that cytokines are an integral part of a functional regulatory/communication network operating within the placental-maternal unit during normal gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bowen
- The Liggins Institute, Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is responsible for critical regulatory functions in many physiologic and pathologic processes. Emerging evidence suggests that these roles also apply to a multitude of pleural diseases. Both mesothelial cells and infiltrating cells in the pleural space can produce TGFbeta, and elevated TGFbeta concentrations have been found in pleural effusions and in pleural tissues during disease processes. Recent animal studies have suggested that TGFbeta can induce significant pleurodesis and probably plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pleural fibrosis. Paradoxically, TGFbeta may also stimulate increased pleural fluid formation, in part by inducing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor. TGFbeta also participates in the regulation of pleural inflammation and cell proliferation. Further research into the roles of TGFbeta in the pathogenesis of various pleural diseases is needed and may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lee
- Pulmonary Department, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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13
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Amjad M, Kazmi SU, Qureshi SM, Reza-ul Karim M. Inhibitory effect of IL-4 on the production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by gastric mononuclear cells of Helicobacter pylori infected patients. Ir J Med Sci 2001; 170:112-6. [PMID: 11491045 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which Helicobacter pylori damages host tissues are complex and unclear. AIMS To determine the effect interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the gastric mononuclear cells of H. pylori infected patients was determined. METHODS The effect of IL-4 and IFN-gamma on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the gastric mononuclear cells of H. pylori infected patients was determined. RESULTS IL-4 markedly reduced the production of IL-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha) by the gastric mononuclear cells of H. pylori infected patients (P < 0.01). Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay indicated a decrease in IL-4 producing cells (P < 0.05) and an increase in IFN-gamma secreting cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The increased level of proinflammatory cytokines may be due to hyposecretion of IL-4 in H. pylori infected patients. T helper type 1 (Th1) immune response with increased IFN-gamma also contributes to the inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amjad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Brown NL, Alvi SA, Elder MG, Bennett PR, Sullivan MH. The regulation of prostaglandin output from term intact fetal membranes by anti-inflammatory cytokines. Immunology 2000; 99:124-33. [PMID: 10651950 PMCID: PMC2327135 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are some of the main mediators which control parturition, and their production by intrauterine tissues can be up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Anti-inflammatory cytokines may oppose these effects, and in this study we have investigated how two such cytokines affected fetal membrane function. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibited the output of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from intact fetal membranes under basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated conditions, and there was a parallel decrease in the expression of mRNA for COX-2. IL-10 also inhibited the production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the expression of mRNA for IL-1beta, indicating that this cytokine has a broad anti-inflammatory effect. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), which is generally considered to be anti-inflammatory had opposite effects on PGE2 production, in that it increased the output of PGE2 for up to 8 hr. TGF-beta1 increased levels of type-2 cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) protein, and also activated the cPLA2 enzyme present; the profile of effects is similar to that of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta, and was not expected. Combinations of TGF-beta1 with IL-1beta also increased PGE2 output and caused appropriate changes in prostaglandin pathway enzymes, whereas TGF-beta1 and IL-1alpha had more limited effects. Further studies are needed to establish the physiological significance of these findings, but TGF-beta1 does not seem to act as an inhibitory cytokine in intact fetal membranes at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Brown
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Hansen WR, Keelan JA, Skinner SJ, Mitchell MD. Key enzymes of prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism. Coordinate regulation of expression by cytokines in gestational tissues: a review. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1999; 57:243-57. [PMID: 10402218 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(99)00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labor is frequently associated with ascending intrauterine infection, accompanied by leukocytes infiltration and enhanced local production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. The resulting amplification of the inflammatory response, and of prostanoid production in particular, is postulated to be a principal mechanism of infection-driven preterm labor. In this review the effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are discussed with respect to the expression of enzymes involved in three key steps of prostanoid biosynthesis and metabolism: liberation of arachidonic acid (AA), conversion of AA to bioactive prostanoids, and prostanoid catabolism. We suggest that by exerting coordinate actions on all three key steps, through multiple molecular mechanisms, inflammatory cytokines acutely up-regulate prostanoid production in intrauterine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Hansen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland School of Medicine, New Zealand
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16
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Keelan JA, Sato TA, Hansen WR, Gilmour JS, Gupta DK, Helsby NA, Mitchell MD. Interleukin-4 differentially regulates prostaglandin production in amnion-derived WISH cells stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and epidermal growth factor. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999; 60:255-62. [PMID: 10397407 DOI: 10.1054/plef.1999.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors have been proposed to act as in vivo modulators of amnion prostaglandin production at parturition. To characterize the effects of the 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 on amnion prostaglandin production, amnion epithelium-derived WISH cells were treated with IL-4 in the presence/absence of IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or epidermal growth factor (EGF). IL-4 (0.08-10 ng/ml) potently inhibited cytokine-stimulated PGE2 production over 16 h (maximal inhibition approximately 66% at 2.0 ng/ml IL-4). Delaying addition of IL-4 (1 ng/ml) by up to 8 h after IL-1beta addition only slightly attenuated its inhibitory effects, from approximately 65% to approximately 50%. EGF-stimulated PGE2 production was either not inhibited or slightly stimulated by IL-4. Immunoblotting studies revealed that IL-4 (10 ng/ml) significantly suppressed prostaglandin-H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) levels in cells stimulated with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha over 16 h, but had no consistent effects on cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) levels under any condition. In the presence of arachidonic acid (10 microM), IL-4 again inhibited cytokine-stimulated, but not EGF-stimulated, PGE2 production. The presence of IL-4 also failed to alter the amount of arachidonic acid released in response to EGF. These findings suggest a role and potential therapeutic application for IL-4 in inhibiting amnion PGHS-2 expression and hence prostaglandin production in infection-driven preterm labour, but not labour in the absence of inflammatory initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Keelan
- University of Auckland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, New Zealand.
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17
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Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a member of the IL-1 family that binds to IL-1 receptors but does not induce any intracellular response. Two structural variants of IL-1Ra have previously been described: a 17-kDa form that is secreted from monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and other cells (sIL-1Ra) and an 18-kDa form that remains in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes and other epithelial cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts (icIL-1Ra). An additional 16-kDa intracellular isoform of IL-1Ra has recently been described in neutrophils, monocytes, and hepatic cells. Both of the major isoforms of IL-1Ra are transcribed from the same gene through the use of alternative first exons. The two promoters regulating transcription of the secreted and intracellular forms have been cloned, and some of the functional cis-acting DNA regions have been characterized. The production of IL-1Ra is stimulated by many substances including adherent IgG, other cytokines, and bacterial or viral components. The tissue distribution of IL-1Ra in mice indicates that sIL-1Ra is found predominantly in peripheral blood cells, lungs, spleen, and liver, while icIL-1Ra is found in large amounts in skin. Studies in transgenic and knockout mice indicate that IL-1Ra is important in host defense against endotoxin-induced injury. IL-1Ra is produced by hepatic cells with the characteristics of an acute phase protein. Endogenous IL-1Ra is produced in numerous experimental animal models of disease as well as in human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The use of neutralizing anti-IL-1Ra antibodies has demonstrated that endogenous IL-1Ra is an important natural antiinflammatory protein in arthritis, colitis, and granulomatous pulmonary disease. Treatment of human diseases with recombinant human IL-1Ra showed an absence of benefit in sepsis syndrome. However, patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with IL-1Ra for six months exhibited improvements in clinical parameters and in radiographic evidence of joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Arend
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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18
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Stenson WF. Interleukin-4 hyporesponsiveness in inflammatory bowel disease: immune defect or physiological response? Gastroenterology 1995; 108:284-6. [PMID: 7806051 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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