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Peeters MHCA, Khan M, Rooijakkers AAMB, Mulders T, Haer-Wigman L, Boon CJF, Klaver CCW, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Cremers FPM, den Hollander AI, Dhaenens CM, Collin RWJ. PRPH2 mutation update: In silico assessment of 245 reported and 7 novel variants in patients with retinal disease. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1521-1547. [PMID: 34411390 PMCID: PMC9290825 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in PRPH2, encoding peripherin-2, are associated with the development of a wide variety of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). To determine the causality of the many PRPH2 variants that have been discovered over the last decades, we surveyed all published PRPH2 variants up to July 2020, describing 720 index patients that in total carried 245 unique variants. In addition, we identified seven novel PRPH2 variants in eight additional index patients. The pathogenicity of all variants was determined using the ACMG guidelines. With this, 107 variants were classified as pathogenic, 92 as likely pathogenic, one as benign, and two as likely benign. The remaining 50 variants were classified as variants of uncertain significance. Interestingly, of the total 252 PRPH2 variants, more than half (n = 137) were missense variants. All variants were uploaded into the Leiden Open source Variation and ClinVar databases. Our study underscores the need for experimental assays for variants of unknown significance to improve pathogenicity classification, which would allow us to better understand genotype-phenotype correlations, and in the long-term, hopefully also support the development of therapeutic strategies for patients with PRPH2-associated IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon H C A Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Timo Mulders
- Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Ingeborgh van den Born
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Çavdarli C, Çavdarlı B, Alp MN. Investigating the role of BEST1 and PRPH2 variants in the molecular aetiology of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophies. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:585-590. [PMID: 32942919 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1821385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the clinical relevance and frequency of BEST1 and PRPH2 mutations in a clinically diagnosed adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (AVMD) group with Caucasian ethnicity. Methods: The study comprised 24 patients who had been diagnosed with AVMD via indirect fundus ophthalmoscopy and presented with a dome-shaped appearance between the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors on their spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. They had lesion hyper- autofluorescence on their fundus autofluorescence images and were also investigated for BEST1 and PRPH2 mutations for a probable molecular aetiology. Results: No pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation was detected in the BEST1 and PRPH2 genes of any of the clinically diagnosed AVDM patients. A heterozygous NM_000322.5:c.938C>T (p.Pro313Leu) variant of the PRPH2 gene was detected in 2 non-consanguineous patients. According to current guidelines, this variant was classified as a 'variant of uncertain significance'. Conclusion: In conclusion, AVMD is a genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneous disease. The genetic aetiology could not be explained by sequencing BEST1 and PRPH2 genes in the AVMD patients; however, the variant of PRPH2 could be a cause of predisposition relevant to the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Çavdarli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Büşranur Çavdarlı
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Numan Alp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
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Reeves MJ, Goetz KE, Guan B, Ullah E, Blain D, Zein WM, Tumminia SJ, Hufnagel RB. Genotype-phenotype associations in a large PRPH2-related retinopathy cohort. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1528-1539. [PMID: 32531846 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular variant interpretation lacks disease gene-specific cohorts for determining variant enrichment in disease versus healthy populations. To address the molecular etiology of retinal degeneration, specifically the PRPH2-related retinopathies, we reviewed genotype and phenotype information obtained from 187 eyeGENE® participants from 161 families. Clinical details were provided by referring clinicians participating in the eyeGENE® Network. The cohort was sequenced for variants in PRPH2. Variant complementary DNA clusters and cohort frequency were compared to variants in public databases to help us to determine pathogenicity by current American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology interpretation criteria. The most frequent variant was c.828+3A>T, which affected 28 families (17.4%), and 25 of 79 (31.64%) variants were novel. The majority of missense variants clustered in the D2 intracellular loop of the peripherin-2 protein, constituting a hotspot. Disease enrichment was noted for 23 (29.1%) of the variants. Hotspot and disease-enrichment evidence modified variant classification for 16.5% of variants. The missense allele p.Arg172Trp was associated with a younger age of onset. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest patient cohort review of PRPH2-related retinopathy. Large disease gene-specific cohorts permit gene modeling for hotspot and disease-enrichment analysis, providing novel variant classification evidence, including for novel missense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Reeves
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kerry E Goetz
- Office of the Director, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Guan
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Delphine Blain
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Santa J Tumminia
- Office of the Director, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Hanif AM, Yan J, Jain N. Pattern Dystrophy: An Imprecise Diagnosis in the Age of Precision Medicine. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2019; 59:173-194. [PMID: 30585925 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Pallado CM, Sikorav A, Semoun O, Jung C, Souied EH. Progression of Macular Atrophy in Pattern Dystrophies. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016; 47:652-8. [PMID: 27434897 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20160707-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To quantify the progression of macular atrophy associated with pattern dystrophies (PD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective, observational study including patients with reticular PD and macular atrophy. A detailed ophthalmologic exam was performed, and progression of macular atrophy areas was evaluated on fundus autofluorescence frames using RegionFinder software, a semiautomated software embedded in Spectralis device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). RESULTS We included 19 eyes of 12 patients. The median follow-up was 4.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.7-5.5). Three eyes (16%) had choroidal neovascularization. Atrophy involved foveal area in 21% (four of 19) of cases. Decreased vision occurred in three eyes (16%). The median atrophy progression rate evaluated by RegionFinder software was 0.101 mm(2)/year (IQR: 0.054-0.257). CONCLUSION The progression of macular atrophy in PDs appears to be relatively slow. Further studies are necessary to correlate the progression of atrophy in PDs with genetic data. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:652-658.].
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Grunin M, Tiosano L, Jaouni T, Averbukh E, Sharon D, Chowers I. Evaluation of the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PRPH2 gene with adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 37:285-9. [PMID: 26849151 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2015.1059456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A minority of patients with adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AFVD) carry mutations in the PRPH2 gene. This gene is highly polymorphic and it was suggested that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PRPH2 may also be associated with AFVD. We aimed to evaluate for such an association. METHODS A single center cohort from a tertiary referral center including 52 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of AFVD and 91 unaffected individuals was assessed. Sanger sequencing was performed for the PRPH2, BEST1, and IMPG1/2 genes. Investigation as to the frequency of minor alleles for SNPs in PRPH2 was performed and compared to HapMap and Exome Variant Server (EVS) data. RESULTS None of the patients carry a mutation in PRPH2, BEST1, or IMPG1/2. Five of 14 known SNPs (rs835, rs361524, rs434102, rs425876, rs390659) in exon 3 of PRPH2 were identified in AFVD patients. A high frequency and percentage of minor alleles of these five SNPs was found in the Israeli AFVD patients and controls compared with European, Chinese, Japanese and African populations identified via HapMap and EVS (p < 0.05). Power calculation suggested that the sample size was sufficient (80%) to rule out an association with an odds ratio above 2.5. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that genetic variants in PRPH2 do not compose a major genetic risk factor for AFVD. The Israeli population shows a higher percentage of minor allele frequencies in SNPs in the PRPH2 gene, as compared with other populations. This emphasizes the need for appropriate genetic background when performing SNP association testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Grunin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Liran Tiosano
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Tareq Jaouni
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Edward Averbukh
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Itay Chowers
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
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Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy: A fresh perspective. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 47:64-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD) is a clinically heterogeneous maculopathy that may mimic other conditions and be difficult to diagnose. It is characterized by late onset, slow progression and high variability in morphologic and functional alterations. Diagnostic evaluation should include careful ophthalmoscopy and imaging studies. The typical ophthalmoscopic findings are bilateral, asymmetric, foveal or perifoveal, yellow, solitary, round to oval elevated subretinal lesions, often with central pigmentation. The lesions characteristically demonstrate increased autofluorescence and hypofluorescent lesions surrounded by irregular annular hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography. Optical coherence tomography studies demonstrate homogenous or heterogeneous hyperreflective material between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina. The visual prognosis is generally favorable, but visual loss can occur from chorioretinal atrophy and choroidal neovascularization.
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Meunier I, Sénéchal A, Dhaenens CM, Arndt C, Puech B, Defoort-Dhellemmes S, Manes G, Chazalette D, Mazoir E, Bocquet B, Hamel CP. Systematic screening of BEST1 and PRPH2 in juvenile and adult vitelliform macular dystrophies: a rationale for molecular analysis. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:1130-6. [PMID: 21269699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a genetic approach of BEST1 and PRPH2 screening according to age of onset, family history, and Arden ratio in patients with juvenile vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2) or adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (AVMD), which are characterized by autofluorescent deposits. DESIGN Clinical, electrophysiologic, and molecular retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS The database of a clinic specialized in genetic sensory diseases was screened for patients with macular vitelliform dystrophy. Patients with an age of onset less than 40 years were included in the VMD2 group (25 unrelated patients), and patients with an age of onset more than 40 years were included in the AVMD group (19 unrelated patients). METHODS Clinical, fundus photography, and electro-oculogram (EOG) findings were reviewed. Mutation screening of BEST1 and PRPH2 genes was systematically performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relevance of age of onset, family history, and Arden ratio were reviewed. RESULTS Patients with VMD2 carried a BEST1 mutation in 60% of the cases. Seven novel mutations in BEST1 (p.V9L, p.F80V, p.I73V, p.R130S, pF298C, pD302A, and p.179delN) were found. Patients with VMD2 with a positive family history or a reduced Arden ratio carried a BEST1 mutation in 70.5% of cases and in 83% if both criteria were fulfilled. Patients with AVMD carried a PRPH2 mutation in 10.5% of cases and did not carry a BEST1 mutation. The probability of finding a PRPH2 mutation increased in the case of a family history (2/5 patients). Electro-oculogram was normal in 3 of 15 patients with BEST1 mutations and reduced in the 3 patients with PRPH2 mutations. CONCLUSIONS Age of onset is a major criterion to distinguish VMD2 from AVMD. Electro-oculogram is not as relevant because decreased or normal Arden ratios have been associated with mutations in both genes and diseases. A positive family history increased the probability of finding a mutation. BEST1 screening should be recommended to patients with an age of onset less than 40 years, and PRPH2 screening should be recommended to patients with an age of onset more than 40 years. For an onset between 30 and 40 years, PRPH2 can be screened if no mutation has been detected in BEST1. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Meunier
- Centre de Référence Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.
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Dzhemileva LU, Grinberg ER, Tazetdinov AM, Zaidullin IS, Bikbov MM, Musina VV, Khusnutdinova EK. Molecular genetic basis of tapetoretinal degeneration. Mol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893308010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Yang Z, Kitsos G, Tong Z, Payne M, Gorezis S, Psilas K, Grigoriadou M, Zhao Y, Kamaya S, Aperis G, Petersen MB, Zhang K. A novel locus on 19q13 associated with autosomal-dominant macular dystrophy in a large Greek family. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e57. [PMID: 17142619 PMCID: PMC2563205 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features of and genetic locus associated with autosomal-dominant macular dystrophy (MCDR5) in a large Greek family. METHODS 26 members of a single family underwent clinical examinations and venepuncture. A genomewide linkage scan using 400 microsatellite markers distributed with an average spacing of 10 cM throughout the human genome. RESULTS 14 members of the study family exhibited clinical features of the disease including decreased central vision and macular abnormalities in the posterior pole of the retina. Analysis of loci known to be associated with macular dystrophy did not show positive linkage. A genomewide linkage scan showed linkage to chromosome 19q, with a two-point maximum LOD score of 5.809 at theta = 0 between the disease and marker locus D19S412. On the basis of recombination events, the disease interval was localised between markers D19S420 and D19S540 on chromosome 19q, at a span of about 3.8 cM, in an area known to contain 120 known genes/transcripts. Eleven of these genes/transcripts were sequenced, and no disease-causing mutation was identified. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a new locus on 19q associated with autosomal-dominant macular dystrophy, designated as MCDR5. Additional study of other family members will be necessary to further narrow the interval and identify the responsible gene. The study of MCDR5 will aid in elucidation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms for this and other macular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration.
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Pajic B, Weigell-Weber M, Schipper I, Kryenbühl C, Büchi ER, Spiegel R, Hergersberg M. A NOVEL COMPLEX MUTATION EVENT IN THE PERIPHERIN/RDS GENE IN A FAMILY WITH RETINAL PATTERN DYSTROPHY. Retina 2006; 26:947-53. [PMID: 17031298 DOI: 10.1097/01.iae.0000250010.60908.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a complex mutation in the peripherin/RDS gene found in a family in whom retinal pattern dystrophy is segregating as an autosomal dominant trait. METHODS Clinical data were collected from family members of a large Swiss family affected by autosomal dominant retinal pattern dystrophy. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the candidate gene peripherin/RDS and subsequent sequencing of the first exon were performed. RESULTS Pattern dystrophy of the retina was suspected in 18 family members aged 30 years or older. Assuming a homogeneous phenotype, the candidate locus peripherin/RDS was investigated. SSCP analysis of the first exon of the peripherin/RDS gene showed an aberrant pattern in 18 affected individuals. Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products detected a complex mutation, del265-268GCCA ins AGGGCC, leading to a stop codon at amino acid position 99. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report the first complex mutation in the peripherin/RDS gene as the cause of a mild macular phenotype, supporting the importance of molecular diagnosis in genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Pajic
- Klinik Pallas, Department of Ophthalmology, Olten, Switzerland.
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Leroy BP, Kailasanathan A, De Laey JJ, Black GCM, Manson FDC. Intrafamilial phenotypic variability in families with RDS mutations: exclusion of ROM1 as a genetic modifier for those with retinitis pigmentosa. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 91:89-93. [PMID: 16916875 PMCID: PMC1857593 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify suspected RDS mutations in families in which different people have been identified with either generalised retinal dystrophy or macular dystrophy. METHODS Two families with a retinal dystrophy were extensively phenotyped and blood was taken for mutation analysis of the RDS (all) and ROM1 (retinitis pigmentosa patients only) genes. RESULTS A novel p.Trp94X mutation in RDS was found in all three affected members of a two-generation family that was associated with retinitis pigmentosa in the son, pattern dystrophy in the daughter and fundus flavimaculatus in the mother. In the second family, the proband with retinitis pigmentosa carried a p.Arg220Trp mutation. The mother, who was unavailable for mutation screening, had adult vitelliform macular dystrophy. No ROM1 mutations were found in those with retinitis pigmentosa in either family. CONCLUSION Mutations in RDS can be associated with an intrafamilial variation in retinal disease. The phenotypes range from Stargardt-like macular dystrophy to classic retinitis pigmentosa. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intrafamilial phenotypic variation may be due to the presence of environmental or genetic modifying factors. The presence of a modifying-sequence change in the coding region of ROM1 for two people with retinitis pigmentosa from two families with intrafamilial variation in RDS mutation phenotype has been excluded in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Moshfeghi DM, Yang Z, Faulkner ND, Karan G, Thirumalaichary S, Pearson E, Zhao Y, Tsai T, Zhang K. Choroidal neovascularization in patients with adult-onset foveomacular dystrophy caused by mutations in the RDS/peripherin gene. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 572:35-40. [PMID: 17249552 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32442-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Francis PJ, Schultz DW, Gregory AM, Schain MB, Barra R, Majewski J, Ott J, Acott T, Weleber RG, Klein ML. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in pattern dystrophy. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:1115-9. [PMID: 16113362 PMCID: PMC1772799 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2004.062695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pattern dystrophies (PD) represent a clinically heterogeneous family of inherited macular diseases frequently caused by mutations in the peripherin/RDS gene. Most previous studies have detailed the clinical findings in single families, making it difficult to derive data from which progression and visual outcome can be generalised. METHODS Families were ascertained and clinically evaluated including angiography and electrophysiology where appropriate. RESULTS In each of the six families with autosomal dominant PD, a mutation in the peripherin/RDS gene was identified, including a novel Cys250Phe variant. These data suggest that the condition is characterised by the accumulation of yellow to grey subretinal flecks, followed by pigmentary change accompanied by patches of chorioretinal atrophy. Subsequently, 50% (16/32) of individuals with PD developed poor central vision because of chorioretinal geographic atrophy or subretinal neovascularisation. The risk of these complications appears to increase with age. CONCLUSION PD should not necessarily be considered a benign condition. Instead, patients should be counselled that there is a significant chance of losing central vision in their later years. Some elderly patients with probands showing PD may be misdiagnosed with age related macular degeneration owing to the phenotypic similarities between these conditions in the advanced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Francis
- Macular Degeneration Center, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239-4197, USA
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Testa F, Marini V, Rossi S, Interlandi E, Nesti A, Rinaldi M, Varano M, Garré C, Simonelli F. A novel mutation in the RDS gene in an Italian family with pattern dystrophy. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:1066-8. [PMID: 16024869 PMCID: PMC1772774 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2004.064188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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