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Zhuang GB, Li X, Wu SN, Zhang SQ, Zhang ZJ, Dong N. The impact of vitamin E, vitamin B6, and niacin intake on cataract incidence based on NHANES 2005-2008 data. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1406147. [PMID: 39183990 PMCID: PMC11342804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1406147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This investigation aims to elucidate the correlations between dietary intakes of vitamin E, B6, and niacin and the incidence of cataracts, utilizing the comprehensive NHANES 2005-2008 dataset to affirm the prophylactic roles of these nutrients against cataract formation. Methods Using data from the NHANES 2005-2008 cycles, this analysis concentrated on 7,247 subjects after exclusion based on incomplete dietary or cataract data. The identification of cataracts was determined through participants' self-reported ophthalmic surgical history. Nutritional intake was gauged using the automated multiple pass method, and the data were analyzed using logistic and quantile regression analyses to investigate the relationship between vitamin consumption and cataract prevalence. Results Our analysis identified significant inverse associations between the intake of vitamins E, B6, and niacin and the risk of cataract development. Specifically, higher intakes of vitamin B6 (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76-0.96, p = 0.0073) and niacin (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-1.00, p = 0.0067) in the top quartile were significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of cataract occurrence. Vitamin E intake showed a consistent reduction in cataract risk across different intake levels (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99, p = 0.0087), demonstrating a nonlinear inverse correlation. Conclusion The outcomes indicate that elevated consumption of vitamin B6 and niacin, in conjunction with regular vitamin E intake, may have the potential to delay or prevent cataract genesis. These results suggest a novel nutritional strategy for cataract prevention and management, advocating that focused nutrient supplementation could be instrumental in preserving eye health and reducing the risk of cataracts. Further research is recommended to validate these findings and establish optimal dosages for maximum benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bin Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Huaxia Eye Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shi-Nan Wu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Si-Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nuo Dong
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Huaxia Eye Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface and Corneal Disease, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Translational Medicine Institute of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People’s Hospital and Zhenjiang Kangfu Eye Hospital, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Ramezani A, Sabbaghi H, Katibeh M, Ahmadieh H, Kheiri B, Yaseri M, Moradian S, Alizadeh Y, Soltani Moghadam R, Medghalchi A, Etemad K, Behboudi H. Prevalence of cataract and its contributing factors in Iranian elderly population: the Gilan eye study. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4503-4514. [PMID: 37584824 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the prevalence and the associated factors leading to cataract among the Iranian population living in Gilan Province, Iran. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study was performed from June to November 2014 on 2,975 residents aged ≥ 50 years old living in urban and rural regions of the Gilan Province in Iran. A representative sample of residents in the province was recruited into the study through door-to-door visiting, and baseline data were collected by questionnaire. All participants were referred to the medical center for comprehensive ophthalmic examination, laboratory tests, and blood pressure measurement. RESULTS Among the population, 2,588 (86.99%) subjects were eligible to be included in this study, categorized either into the cataract or the non-cataract group. The mean age of participants was 62.59 ± 8.92 years, and 57.5% were female. Higher prevalence of cataract was found in individuals of older ages (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10 to 1.16; P < 0.001) and a history of previous ocular surgery (OR = 5.78; 95% CI = 2.28 to 14.63; P < 0.001). At the same time, a lower prevalence of cataract was seen in patients exposed to sunlight for more than 4 h per day (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.73; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Cataract affects 50.50% of the study population, especially those over 80. The mildest form of cataract, grade zero, is the most common. Surgery for cataract has good outcomes. The risk of cataract is higher for those older or who have had eye surgeries. People not affected by cataract tend to be exposed to more sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Ramezani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak Street, Tehran, 198353-5511, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Katibeh
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kheiri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Moradian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Alizadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Reza Soltani Moghadam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Medghalchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Behboudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran.
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Zhang B, Liao H, Xiong F, Mao T, Wu L, Li Y, Xiong C. Home confinement's impact on myopia control by using orthokeratology in school-aged children. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:249. [PMID: 37271801 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home confinement during the epidemic has a significant impact on the lifestyle and behavior of school-aged children, who have exhibited an increase in the prevalence and development of myopia. Our research will look at if home confinement will affect school-aged children on myopia control with orthokeratology. METHOD Data on axial length was gathered from school-aged children who had received OK lenses treatment. The entire data was separated into subgroups based on gender, age, and initial refraction, and the AL changes for each period were calculated using the formula defined in our study. Finally, the acquired data will be examined using various statistical approaches, and the ideas of slow, moderate, and rapid myopia progression will be applied to our study. RESULT A total of 258 study subjects met the requirements to be included in the study. We discovered that the percentage of rapid myopia growth increased during the epidemic. In addition, the AL changes before and during the epidemic were found to be statistically significant in 171 subjects in the overall data. (P = 0.041) In the high age group, the AL changes before and during the epidemic、(P = 0.033) before and after the epidemic (P = 0.023) were found to be statistically significant. The AL changes before and during the epidemic (P = 0.035) were shown to be statistically significant in the moderate myopia group. Finally, we did not find statistically significant results for other groups. CONCLUSION We cannot conclude that home confinement did have a negative impact on myopia control with orthokeratology in school-aged children. But we found there was an increase in the percentage of patients with OK treatment that had fast myopia progression during the confinement. We also observed that older children with higher initial refraction were more likely to be affected by home confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Orbital Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Academic of Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongfei Liao
- Department of Orbital Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Academic of Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Fen Xiong
- Department of Orbital Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Academic of Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Tian Mao
- Department of Orbital Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Academic of Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Orbital Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Academic of Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Orbital Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Academic of Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Department of Orbital Diseases, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Academic of Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Nesemann JM, Srinivasan M, Ravindran RD, Edwards T, O'Brien KS, Kim UR, Wilkins JH, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM, Gritz DC, Keenan JD. Relationship between cooking fuel and lens opacities in South India: a 15-year prospective cohort study. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 243:66-76. [PMID: 35817091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unclean cooking fuels such as wood and kerosene have been associated with cataract in cross-sectional studies. This study sought to determine whether exposure to unclean cooking fuels was associated with subsequent cataract progression. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS This is a secondary observational analysis of the community-based Antioxidants in Prevention of Cataracts trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01664819). The exposure of interest was cooking fuel type, measured at baseline. Main outcome measures were baseline cataract severity and self-reported cataract surgery at a 15-year visit. RESULTS Baseline and 15-year follow-up data were available for 798 and 579 participants, respectively. Wood or kerosene was used by 711/798 (89.1%) baseline participants, including 539/579 (93.1%) participants with complete follow-up. Cooking fuel type was not associated with cataract severity at baseline (p=0.443). Out of 8,334 person-years of follow up, 90 cataract surgeries were observed over 15 years (1.08 surgeries per 100 person-years; 95%CI 0.87-1.32). Use of wood or kerosene was not associated with 15-year incidence of cataract surgery relative to individuals using propane (adjusted p=0.154). Cataract surgery was more common in older individuals (HR 1.1 per year, 95%CI 1.1-1.2, p<0.001), those with baseline myopia (HR 2.1, 95%CI 1.2-3.5, p=0.009) and women (HR 3.5, 95%CI 1.2 to 10.1, p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS This study found no association between unclean cooking fuels and cataract progression over a 15-year period. No other modifiable risk factors were associated with incident self-reported cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Nesemann
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Tansy Edwards
- International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran S O'Brien
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Usha R Kim
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University and Lions VisionGift, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John H Wilkins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - John P Whitcher
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thomas M Lietman
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - David C Gritz
- Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeremy D Keenan
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Hambisa MT, Dolja-Gore X, Byles J. Application of Andersen-Newman model to assess cataract surgery uptake among older Australian women: findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1673-1685. [PMID: 35184260 PMCID: PMC9246771 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although Cataract Surgery Rate is increasing, the availability of surgery is outstripped by the increasing number of cataract cases as populations age. AIM The study aimed to identify factors associated with cataract surgery uptake in terms of predisposing, enabling, and need factors in very old Australian women. METHOD This study used ALSWH data included 6229 women aged 79-84 to 85-90 years. Women were asked whether they had undergone eye surgery (including cataracts) three years prior to each survey. Generalised estimating equation modelling was used to determine factors associated with these surgeries. RESULT At baseline (2005), more than half of the participants either had undergone surgery (43.5%) or had unoperated cataracts (7.6%). Increasing age (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.15) and being current or ex-smokers (AOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.29) were associated with higher odds of cataract surgery (predisposing factors). Women who had private health insurance had 27% higher odds of having surgery (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.39) (enabling factor). Need factors of more General Practitioner visits (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.25) and skin cancer (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.17) also increased the odds of cataract surgery. Women who had no difficulty seeing newspaper print were more likely to have had cataract surgery (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.48). CONCLUSION Need factors are the major drivers of cataract surgery; however, predisposing and enabling factors also play a role, including access to private health insurance. This finding indicates some inequity regarding access to cataract surgery in the Australian setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitiku Teshome Hambisa
- Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Julie Byles
- Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Tanito M. Reported evidence of vitamin E protection against cataract and glaucoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:100-119. [PMID: 34695546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of severe visual loss and blindness in older adults. This review article describes the currently available basic and clinical evidence regarding vitamin E protection against these eye diseases in the chronologic order of the publications. Experimental evidence has suggested both that oxidative stress due to the accumulation of free radicals plays a role in the pathogenesis of cataracts and glaucoma and that the process can be prevented or ameliorated by vitamin E. The results of observational studies have been inconsistent regarding the association between blood vitamin E levels and the risk of age-related cataract or glaucoma. Despite the encouraging effects of vitamin E from case series, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies in humans, the effects on cataract formation and/or progression have not been consistent among prospective and randomized control studies; few randomized control studies have tested the effects of supplemental vitamin E on glaucoma development or progression. Given the high prevalence of cataract and glaucoma in the elderly population, even a modest reduction in the risk for these eye diseases would potentially have a substantial public health impact; however, the potential benefits of vitamin E on cataract or glaucoma remain inconclusive and need to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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Correlation of Sunlight Exposure and Different Morphological Types of Age-Related Cataract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8748463. [PMID: 34805407 PMCID: PMC8604584 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8748463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The previous lab and clinical studies of the correlation between the ultraviolet B and age-related cataract (ARC) did not reach in the universal agreement, especially in different morphological types of ARC. It is important to systemically summarize those previous data of epidemiological studies, which might penetrate the relevance between three morphological types of ARC, cortical, nuclear, and posterior capsular (PSC), with sunlight exposure. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Embase, and Cochrane were searched online. Data were extracted and recalculated, and quality check was performed by hand. Review Manager was used to perform the fixed effects meta-analysis on ARC and its morphological types. The highest exposed dose group was defined as the exposed group, and the lowest dose group as the control group as possible. Results Finally, the number of analyzed studies was 31: 20 for ARC and twelve, eleven, and nine for the morphological types cortical, nuclear, and PSC, respectively. The pooled OR for ARC was 1.15 (range 1.00~43.78, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.21). The cortical cataract revealed a slightly higher risk, and pooled OR was 1.03 (range 0.67~2.91, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.03). But the pooled OR for nuclear and PSC were 1.00 (range 0.50~5.35, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.00) and 0.99 (range 0.57~1.87, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.01), respectively. Conclusions The systemic analysis of epidemiological articles reported till now reveals a significantly increased risk of ARC for those exposed with more sunlight, especially the morphological type of cortical cataract.
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Cheng YC, Sun MH, Wu WC, Su WW. Cataract extraction slowed the visual field progression rate in patients with angle-closure glaucoma. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021; 11:386-388. [PMID: 35070668 PMCID: PMC8757517 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_42_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of progression of Humphrey visual field before and after the cataract surgery in patients with angle-closure glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with angle-closure glaucoma who underwent regular visual field (VF) examination and received cataract surgery during the follow-up periods were retrospectively reviewed. The visual field rate of progression, visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of glaucoma medication before and after cataract surgery were compared. RESULTS: A total of 26 eyes were included. The mean follow-up duration before and after the cataract surgery were 5.14 ± 3.31 years and 5.97 ± 2.35 years. After cataract surgery, the IOP and VA improved significantly. The visual field rate of progression significantly slowed down after cataract surgery from − 1.39 ± 1.31 dB/year preoperatively to − 0.34 ± 0.64 dB/year postoperatively (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The ACG eyes had rapid VF decline before cataract extraction, which was slowed down significantly after cataract removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Comparison of Visual Field Progression Rate before and after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Open-Angle and Angle-Closure Glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:7655747. [PMID: 34239721 PMCID: PMC8241496 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7655747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate Humphrey visual field (VF) progression rate before and after cataract surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). Methods After reviewing all records in our Humphrey VF database from July 1, 2001, to December 31, 2018, eyes of OAG and ACG that had received uncomplicated phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation during the period and had been followed up regularly for more than one year with ≥3 reliable VF tests before and after cataract surgery, respectively, were enrolled. The VF progression rate, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after cataract surgery were compared. Results Seventy-seven eyes (OAG: 51; ACG: 26) from 60 patients were enrolled. The mean preoperative and postoperative follow-up durations were 4.89 ± 2.70 and 5.48 ± 2.30 years in the OAG group and 5.14 ± 3.31 and 5.97 ± 2.35 years in the ACG group. IOP and visual acuity significantly improved postoperatively in both groups. In the OAG group, there was no significant change in the VF progression rate (pre-op: −0.39 ± 0.94 dB/year; post-op: −0.47 ± 0.72 dB/year) (P=0.619), whereas, in the ACG group, the rate significantly flattened after surgery from −1.39 ± 1.31 dB/year to −0.34 ± 0.64 dB/year (P=0.003). Conclusions The VF progression rate did not differ between preoperative and postoperative eyes with OAG, but those with ACG exhibited rapid VF decline preoperatively, which was significantly flattened postoperatively.
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Cantrell LS, Schey KL. Proteomic characterization of the human lens and Cataractogenesis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:119-135. [PMID: 33849365 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1913062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this review is to highlight the triumphs and frontiers in measurement of the lens proteome as it relates to onset of age-related nuclear cataract. As global life expectancy increases, so too does the frequency of age-related nuclear cataracts. Molecular therapeutics do not exist for delay or relief of cataract onset in humans. Since lens fiber cells are incapable of protein synthesis after initial maturation, age-related changes in proteome composition and post-translational modification accumulation can be measured with various techniques. Several of these modifications have been associated with cataract onset. AREAS COVERED We discuss the impact of long-lived proteins on the lens proteome and lens homeostasis as well as proteomic techniques that may be used to measure proteomes at various levels of proteomic specificity and spatial resolution. EXPERT OPINION There is clear evidence that several proteome modifications are correlated with cataract formation. Past studies should be enhanced with cutting-edge, spatially resolved mass spectrometry techniques to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of modification detection as it relates to cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee S Cantrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Brennan NA, Toubouti YM, Cheng X, Bullimore MA. Efficacy in myopia control. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 83:100923. [PMID: 33253901 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is rapidly expanding interest in interventions to slow myopia progression in children and teenagers, with the intent of reducing risk of myopia-associated complications later in life. Despite many publications dedicated to the topic, little attention has been devoted to understanding 'efficacy' in myopia control and its application. Treatment effect has been expressed in multiple ways, making comparison between therapies and prognosis for an individual patient difficult. Available efficacy data are generally limited to two to three years making long-term treatment effect uncertain. From an evidence-based perspective, efficacy projection should be conservative and not extend beyond that which has been empirically established. Using this principle, review of the literature, data from our own clinical studies, assessment of demonstrated myopia control treatments and allowance for the limitations and context of available data, we arrive at the following important interpretations: (i) axial elongation is the preferred endpoint for assessing myopic progression; (ii) there is insufficient evidence to suggest that faster progressors, or younger myopes, derive greater benefit from treatment; (iii) the initial rate of reduction of axial elongation by myopia control treatments is not sustained; (iv) consequently, using percentage reduction in progression as an index to describe treatment effect can be very misleading and (v) cumulative absolute reduction in axial elongation (CARE) emerges as a preferred efficacy metric; (vi) maximum CARE that has been measured for existing myopia control treatments is 0.44 mm (which equates to about 1 D); (vii) there is no apparent superior method of treatment, although commonly prescribed therapies such as 0.01% atropine and progressive addition spectacles lenses have not consistently provided clinically important effects; (viii) while different treatments have shown divergent efficacy in the first year, they have shown only small differences after this; (ix) rebound should be assumed until proven otherwise; (x) an illusion of inflated efficacy is created by measurement error in refraction, sample bias in only treating 'measured' fast progressors and regression to the mean; (xi) decision to treat should be based on age of onset (or refraction at a given age), not past progression; (xii) the decreased risk of complications later in life provided by even modest reductions in progression suggest treatment is advised for all young myopes and, because of limitations of available interventions, should be aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel A Brennan
- Johnson & Johnson Vision, 7500 Centurion Pkwy, Jacksonville, FL, 32256, USA.
| | - Youssef M Toubouti
- Johnson & Johnson Vision, 7500 Centurion Pkwy, Jacksonville, FL, 32256, USA
| | - Xu Cheng
- Johnson & Johnson Vision, 7500 Centurion Pkwy, Jacksonville, FL, 32256, USA
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12
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Ekström C, Grunditz Ustrup J. Association between Age-related Cataract and Mortality in Sweden: A Long-term Population-based Follow-up Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020; 28:301-305. [PMID: 33153353 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1839913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship of age-related cataract with all-cause mortality in a Swedish population. METHODS Cox regression analyses were performed in a cohort of 746 residents 65-74 years of age, examined in a population survey in the rural district of Tierp, Sweden, 1984-86. To expand the sample size, 1,071 people were recruited by means of glaucoma case records established at the Eye Department in Tierp from 1978 to 2007. In this way, the cohort comprised 1,817 subjects, representing nearly 27,000 person-years at risk. The presence of cataract was determined based on retroillumination with lens opacities evident on slit-lamp examination. Information on deaths was obtained from the local population register. RESULTS By the conclusion of the study in April 2020, 1,633 deaths had been reported. Of these cases, 694 were affected by lens opacities or had history of cataract surgery at baseline. In multivariate analysis, including cataract, age, sex, smoking habits, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, no association was found between cataract and mortality (hazard ratio 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.10). Adjustment for participation in the population survey had no effect on the estimate. CONCLUSION In this long-term follow-up study of subjects 65-74-years-old in Sweden, cataract was not associated with all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Ekström
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Hugosson M, Ekström C. Prevalence and risk factors for age-related cataract in Sweden. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:311-315. [PMID: 32757792 PMCID: PMC7594726 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2020.1802375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. There is a paucity of prevalence studies from Sweden. Therefore, we report the prevalence of cataract and its risk factors in a population-based study of older adults in Sweden. METHODS The Tierp Glaucoma Survey was conducted in the municipality of Tierp, Sweden, including 760 subjects aged 65-74 years. The presence of cataract was determined based on retroillumination, with lens opacities evident on slit-lamp examination. To assess risk factors for cataract, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS A total of 234 individuals were found to have cataract, 12 of whom had undergone cataract surgery. The prevalence adjusted for nonparticipation was 31.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.4-33.6), 35.2% (95% CI 28.7-41.8) in females and 26.2% (95% CI 19.8-32.6) in males. Cataract was associated with age ≥70 years (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.41-2.64), female gender (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.12-2.11), and myopia (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.16-3.56), while pseudoexfoliation, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease were not. CONCLUSION Nearly one-third of the sample were estimated to have lens opacities, or had undergone cataract surgery, making cataract a frequent disorder of older age. The study provided further evidence that increasing age, female gender, and myopia are associated with cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Hugosson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Ekström
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lin LJ, Chen TX, Wald KJ, Tooley AA, Lisman RD, Chiu ES. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in ophthalmic practice: an expert opinion. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1739523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J. Lin
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany X. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Wald
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A. Tooley
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ernest S. Chiu
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Truscott RJW, Friedrich MG. Molecular Processes Implicated in Human Age-Related Nuclear Cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:5007-5021. [PMID: 31791064 PMCID: PMC7043214 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human age-related nuclear cataract is commonly characterized by four biochemical features that involve modifications to the structural proteins that constitute the bulk of the lens: coloration, oxidation, insolubility, and covalent cross-linking. Each of these is progressive and increases as the cataract worsens. Significant progress has been made in understanding the origin of the factors that underpin the loss of lens transparency. Of these four hallmarks of cataract, it is protein-protein cross-linking that has been the most intransigent, and it is only recently, with the advent of proteomic methodology, that mechanisms are being elucidated. A diverse range of cross-linking processes involving several amino acids have been uncovered. Although other hypotheses for the etiology of cataract have been advanced, it is likely that spontaneous decomposition of the structural proteins of the lens, which do not turn over, is responsible for the age-related changes to the properties of the lens and, ultimately, for cataract. Cataract may represent the first and best characterized of a number of human age-related diseases where spontaneous protein modification leads to ongoing deterioration and, ultimately, a loss of tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J W Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michael G Friedrich
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
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16
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Taylor HR, Anjou MD. Cataract surgery and Indigenous eye care: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:512-516. [PMID: 32034831 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and is still a major cause of vision loss. The pathway of care to cataract surgery has many potential gaps and barriers. Although there has been a significant increase in services over the last few years, there is still the urgent need to facilitate timely and affordable cataract surgery. Particularly for public surgery there needs to be a significant decrease in waiting times for the clinical assessment of those needing surgery and for those on a surgical waiting list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh R Taylor
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitchell D Anjou
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Qassim A, Walland MJ, Landers J, Awadalla M, Nguyen T, Loh J, Schulz AM, Ridge B, Galanopoulos A, Agar A, Hewitt AW, Graham SL, Healey PR, Casson RJ, Craig JE. Effect of phacoemulsification cataract surgery on intraocular pressure in early glaucoma: A prospective multi‐site study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:442-449. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Qassim
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Mark J. Walland
- Glaucoma Investigation and Research UnitRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - John Landers
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Mona Awadalla
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Thi Nguyen
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Jason Loh
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Angela M. Schulz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Bronwyn Ridge
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Anna Galanopoulos
- South Australian Institute of OphthalmologyRoyal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide New South Wales Australia
| | - Ashish Agar
- Department of OphthalmologyPrince of Wales Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Paul R. Healey
- Centre for Vision ResearchWestmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Robert J. Casson
- South Australian Institute of OphthalmologyUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Abstract
In aerobes, oxygen is essential for maintenance of life. However, incomplete reduction of oxygen leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. These oxidants oxidise biological macromolecules present in their vicinity and thereby impair cellular functions causing oxidative stress (OS). Aerobes have evolved both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defences to protect themselves from OS. Although hormones as means of biological coordination involve in regulation of physiological activities of tissues by regulating metabolism, any change in their normal titre leads to pathophysiological states. While, hormones such as melatonin, insulin, oestrogen, progesterone display antioxidant features, thyroid hormone, corticosteroids and catecholamines elicit free radical generation and OS, and the role of testosterone in inducing OS is debateable. This review is an attempt to understand the impact of free radical generation and cross talk between the hormones modulating antioxidant defence system under various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan B N Chainy
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
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19
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Riedl P, Škiljić D, Arnell P, Wannholt R, Zetterberg M, Andersson Grönlund M. Myopic shift and lens turbidity following hyperbaric oxygen therapy - a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:596-602. [PMID: 30690920 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine visual acuity, refraction and ocular status before, during and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). METHODS Twenty-nine patients underwent 40 standard protocol HBOT treatments. In all subjects, refraction and best corrected visual acuity were measured at baseline and after ten, 20, 30 and 40 treatments, and at a 12-week follow-up. A subgroup (n = 19) were given additional examinations at baseline, after 40 treatments and at follow-up including measuring central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, fundus morphology, blood pressure and intraocular pressure (IOP). Lens colour and opalescence were graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). RESULTS Myopic shifts [≥0.5 dioptre (D) spherical equivalent (SE)] occurred in 45 (77.6%) eyes. Median refractive changes of -0.75 D SE (right eye; p < 0.001) and -0.66 D SE (left eye; p < 0.001) were observed between pretreatment and treatment end (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Refraction returned to baseline at follow-up, except for a small persisting change towards myopia, median -0.25 D SE (left eye; p = 0.01). Using the LOCS III, median increases in lens nuclear colour, of 0.6 (right eye; p < 0.001) and 0.7 (left eye; p < 0.001), and opalescence of 0.7 (both eyes; p = 0.01) were found at the last examination. Small reductions were noted in CCT of -6.00 μm (right eye; p = 0.03) and -4.00 μm (left eye; p = 0.03), and IOP of -1.50 mmHg (left eye; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The transient myopic shift may have been due to lenticular refractive index changes. Reduced lens transparency is a potential consequence of HBOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Riedl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Dragana Škiljić
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Per Arnell
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Roger Wannholt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Marita Andersson Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
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Re-epithelialization and remodeling of decellularized corneal matrix in a rabbit corneal epithelial wound model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:238-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Singh S, Pardhan S, Kulothungan V, Swaminathan G, Ravichandran JS, Ganesan S, Sharma T, Raman R. The prevalence and risk factors for cataract in rural and urban India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:477-483. [PMID: 30900578 PMCID: PMC6446631 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1127_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To report the prevalence and risk factors of cataract and its subtypes in older age group. Methods: A total of 6617 subjects were recruited from both rural and urban areas. A detailed history including data on demographic, socioeconomic and ocular history was obtained. Lens opacity was graded according to the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III). Results: Cataract was present in 1094 of the rural and 649 subjects in the urban population. Monotype subtype cataracts were found in 32% and 25% in rural and urban population and 12.68% and 18.6% were mixed cataracts in the rural and urban groups. In baseline characteristics history of diabetes, alcohol intake and presence of age-related macular degeneration were the risk factors in urban group. On multivariate analysis, the only significant risk factors for any cataract in subjects ≥60 years were increasing age in both rural [odds ratio (OR), 1.07] and urban (OR, 1.08) population, and HbA1c (OR, 1.14) in rural population. Overweight (OR, 0.6) was found to be a protective factor, and lower social economic status (OR, 1.52) a risk factor for cataract in urban population. A significant urban–rural difference was found in the prevalence of cataract and its subtypes (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: We found the risk factors for any cataract in older age group to be increasing age and HbA1c in rural group. Age and lower social economic status were found to be the risk factors in urban arm. A statistically significant difference was found on comparison of the prevalence of cataract and its subtypes between the rural and urban population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeer Singh
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, 18, College Road, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Swaminathan
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, 18, College Road, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Janani Surya Ravichandran
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, 18, College Road, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Tarun Sharma
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Kim JH, Rabiolo A, Morales E, Fatehi N, Lee WS, Yu F, Afifi AA, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Caprioli J. Cataract Surgery and Rate of Visual Field Progression in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 201:19-30. [PMID: 30703355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that cataract surgery slows the apparent rate of visual field (VF) decay in primary open-angle glaucoma patients compared with rates measured during cataract progression. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Consecutive open-angle glaucoma patients who underwent cataract surgery and who had ≥4 VFs and ≥3 years of follow-up before and after surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Mean deviation (MD) rate, visual field index (VFI) rate, pointwise linear regression (PLR), pointwise rate of change (PRC), and the Glaucoma Rate Index (GRI) were compared before and after cataract surgery. RESULTS A total of 134 eyes of 99 patients were included. Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 6.5 (4.7-8.1) and 5.3 (4.0-7.3) years before and after cataract surgery, respectively. All intraocular pressure (IOP) parameters (mean IOP, standard deviation of IOP, and peak IOP) significantly improved (P < .001) after cataract surgery. All VF indices indicated an accelerated VF decay rate after cataract surgery: MD rate (-0.18 ± 0.40 dB/year vs -0.40 ± 0.62 dB/year, P < .001), VFI rate (-0.44% ± 1.09%/year vs -1.19% ± 1.85%/year, P < .001), GRI (-5.5 ± 10.8 vs -13.5 ± 21.5; P < .001), and PRC (-0.62% ± 2.47%/year before and -1.35% ± 3.71%/year after surgery; P < .001) and PLR (-0.20 ± 0.82 dB/year before and -0.42 ± 1.16 dB/year after surgery; P < .001) for all VF locations. Worse baseline MD and postoperative peak IOP were significantly associated with the postoperative VF decay rate and the change in the decay rate after cataract surgery. CONCLUSION Although all IOP parameters improved after cataract surgery, VFs continued to progress. Cataract surgery does not slow the apparent rate of glaucomatous VF decay as compared to rates measured during the progression of the cataract.
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Waugh DT. The Contribution of Fluoride to the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E856. [PMID: 30857240 PMCID: PMC6427526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study provides diverse lines of evidence demonstrating that fluoride (F) exposure contributes to degenerative eye diseases by stimulating or inhibiting biological pathways associated with the pathogenesis of cataract, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. As elucidated in this study, F exerts this effect by inhibiting enolase, τ-crystallin, Hsp40, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, Nrf2, γ -GCS, HO-1 Bcl-2, FoxO1, SOD, PON-1 and glutathione activity, and upregulating NF-κB, IL-6, AGEs, HsP27 and Hsp70 expression. Moreover, F exposure leads to enhanced oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant activity. Based on the evidence presented in this study, it can be concluded that F exposure may be added to the list of identifiable risk factors associated with pathogenesis of degenerative eye diseases. The broader impact of these findings suggests that reducing F intake may lead to an overall reduction in the modifiable risk factors associated with degenerative eye diseases. Further studies are required to examine this association and determine differences in prevalence rates amongst fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities, taking into consideration other dietary sources of F such as tea. Finally, the findings of this study elucidate molecular pathways associated with F exposure that may suggest a possible association between F exposure and other inflammatory diseases. Further studies are also warranted to examine these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Timothy Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, Bandon, P72 YF10 Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Buchan JC, Norman P, Shickle D, Cassels-Brown A, MacEwen C. Failing to plan and planning to fail. Can we predict the future growth of demand on UK Eye Care Services? Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1029-1031. [PMID: 30814654 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Cameron Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Paul Norman
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Darren Shickle
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Carrie MacEwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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25
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Risk of cataract in smokers: A meta-analysis of observational studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 94:60-74. [PMID: 30528895 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the risk of cataract in smokers and ex-smokers. METHODS A systematic search of observational studies was carried out in Medline, Embase, and Lilacs databases. Studies that have evaluated the association between cigarette smoking and any type of clinically diagnosed cataract were selected. The association estimators were extracted, adjusted at least by age, and were combined using random-effects models, by subtype of study (cohort, case control and cross sectional), subtype of cataract (nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular), and exposure (current smoker or ex-smoker). Statistical heterogeneity, meta-regression analysis and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS A total of 13 cohort studies, 12 case-control studies, and 18 cross-sectional studies were selected. A risk of cataract was found in current smokers: cohort (OR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.24-1.60), cases and controls (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.08-1.96), and cross-sectional studies (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.09-1.34); risk of nuclear cataract: cohort (OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.47-1.98), case-control (OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.43-2.25), and cross sectional studies (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.27-1.65). There was no risk of cortical or posterior subcapsular cataract in ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS There is a risk of cataract in smokers, particularly nuclear type. With cross-sectional studies, similar results are obtained with cohorts and cases and controls.
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Delavar A, Freedman DM, Velazquez-Kronen R, Little MP, Kitahara CM, Alexander BH, Linet MS, Cahoon EK. Ultraviolet radiation and incidence of cataracts in a nationwide US cohort. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018; 25:403-411. [PMID: 30095320 PMCID: PMC10655928 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2018.1501077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examine the risk of cataract and cataract surgery with measures of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and UVR sensitivity in a large, nationwide population of indoor workers. METHODS Participants from the US Radiologic Technologists Study were followed from age at baseline survey (2003-2005) to age at earliest of cataract diagnosis, cataract surgery, or completion of last survey (2012-2013). UVR-related factors included satellite-based ambient UVR linked to lifetime residences, time spent outdoors across various age periods, history of blistering sunburns, prior diagnosis of keratinocyte carcinoma, and iris color. We used Cox proportional hazards models with age as timescale to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cataract and cataract surgery. RESULTS Participants had a median age of entry of 54.0 years, were 80.0% female, and 95.7% white. Of the 44, 891 eligible participants, 9399 cases of cataract and 3826 cases of cataract surgery were reported. Ambient UVR (quintile 5 vs. 1) was associated with an increased risk of cataract (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16) and cataract surgery (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05-1.29). Lifetime average time spent outdoors was not associated with cataract risk. History of blistering sunburns before and after age 15, but not previous keratinocyte carcinoma diagnosis was associated with both cataract and cataract surgery. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a modest role for residence-based ambient UVR and cataract risk among indoor workers in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Delavar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - D. Michal Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raquel Velazquez-Kronen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P. Little
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce H. Alexander
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Cahoon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Song P, Wang H, Theodoratou E, Chan KY, Rudan I. The national and subnational prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 29977532 PMCID: PMC6005639 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08-010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is the second leading cause of visual impairment and the first of blindness globally. However, for the most populous country, China, much remains to be understood about the scale of cataract and cataract blindness. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China at both the national and subnational levels, with projections till 2050. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM-SinoMed), PubMed, Embase, and Medline were searched using a comprehensive search strategy to identify all relevant articles on the prevalence of cataract or cataract blindness in Chinese population published from January 1990 onwards. We fitted a multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression model to estimate the prevalence of cataract, and a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool the overall prevalence of cataract blindness. The United Nations Population Division (UNPD) data were used to estimate and project the number of people with cataract and cataract blindness from 1990 to 2050. According to different demographic and geographic features in the six geographic regions in China, the national numbers of people with cataract in the years 2000 and 2010 were distributed to each region. Results In males, the prevalence of any cataract (including post-surgical cases) ranged from 6.71% (95% CI = 5.06-8.83) in people aged 45-49 years to 73.01% (95% CI = 65.78-79.2) in elderly aged 85-89 years. In females, the prevalence of any cataract increased from 8.39% (95% CI = 6.36-10.98) in individuals aged 45-49 years to 77.51% (95% CI = 71.00-82.90) in those aged 85-89 years. For age-related cataract (ARC, including post-surgical cases), in males, the prevalence rates ranged from 3.23% (95% CI = 1.51-6.80) in adults aged 45-49 years to 65.78% (95% CI = 46.72-80.82) in those aged 85-89 years. The prevalence of ARC in females was 4.72% (95% CI = 2.22-9.76) in the 45-49 years age group and 74.03% (95% CI = 56.53-86.21) in the 85–89 years age group. The pooled prevalence rate of cataract blindness (including post-surgical cases) by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)<0.05 among middle-aged and older Chinese was 2.30% (95% CI = 1.72-3.07), and those of cataract blindness by BCVA<0.10 and cataract blindness by presenting visual acuity (PVA)<0.10 were 2.56% (95% CI = 1.94-3.38) and 4.51% (95% CI = 3.53-5.75) respectively. In people aged 45-89 years, the number of any cataract cases was 50.75 million (95% CI = 42.17-60.37) in 1990 and 111.74 million (95% CI = 92.94-132.84) in 2015, and that of ARC rose from 35.77 million (95% CI = 19.81-59.55) in 1990 to 79.04 million (95% CI = 44.14-130.85) in 2015. By 2050, it is projected that the number of people (45-89 years of age) affected by any cataract will be 240.83 million (95% CI = 206.07-277.35), and that of those with ARC will be 187.26 million (95% CI = 113.17-281.23). During 2000 and 2010, South Central China consistently owed the most cases of any cataract, whereas Northwest China the least. Conclusions The prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China was unmasked. In the coming decades, cataract and cataract blindness will continue to be a leading public-health issue in China due to the ageing population. Future work should be prioritized to the promotion of high-quality epidemiological studies on cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peige Song
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - He Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kit Yee Chan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Song P, Wang H, Theodoratou E, Chan KY, Rudan I. The national and subnational prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 29977532 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08‐010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is the second leading cause of visual impairment and the first of blindness globally. However, for the most populous country, China, much remains to be understood about the scale of cataract and cataract blindness. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China at both the national and subnational levels, with projections till 2050. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM-SinoMed), PubMed, Embase, and Medline were searched using a comprehensive search strategy to identify all relevant articles on the prevalence of cataract or cataract blindness in Chinese population published from January 1990 onwards. We fitted a multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression model to estimate the prevalence of cataract, and a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool the overall prevalence of cataract blindness. The United Nations Population Division (UNPD) data were used to estimate and project the number of people with cataract and cataract blindness from 1990 to 2050. According to different demographic and geographic features in the six geographic regions in China, the national numbers of people with cataract in the years 2000 and 2010 were distributed to each region. Results In males, the prevalence of any cataract (including post-surgical cases) ranged from 6.71% (95% CI = 5.06-8.83) in people aged 45-49 years to 73.01% (95% CI = 65.78-79.2) in elderly aged 85-89 years. In females, the prevalence of any cataract increased from 8.39% (95% CI = 6.36-10.98) in individuals aged 45-49 years to 77.51% (95% CI = 71.00-82.90) in those aged 85-89 years. For age-related cataract (ARC, including post-surgical cases), in males, the prevalence rates ranged from 3.23% (95% CI = 1.51-6.80) in adults aged 45-49 years to 65.78% (95% CI = 46.72-80.82) in those aged 85-89 years. The prevalence of ARC in females was 4.72% (95% CI = 2.22-9.76) in the 45-49 years age group and 74.03% (95% CI = 56.53-86.21) in the 85-89 years age group. The pooled prevalence rate of cataract blindness (including post-surgical cases) by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)<0.05 among middle-aged and older Chinese was 2.30% (95% CI = 1.72-3.07), and those of cataract blindness by BCVA<0.10 and cataract blindness by presenting visual acuity (PVA)<0.10 were 2.56% (95% CI = 1.94-3.38) and 4.51% (95% CI = 3.53-5.75) respectively. In people aged 45-89 years, the number of any cataract cases was 50.75 million (95% CI = 42.17-60.37) in 1990 and 111.74 million (95% CI = 92.94-132.84) in 2015, and that of ARC rose from 35.77 million (95% CI = 19.81-59.55) in 1990 to 79.04 million (95% CI = 44.14-130.85) in 2015. By 2050, it is projected that the number of people (45-89 years of age) affected by any cataract will be 240.83 million (95% CI = 206.07-277.35), and that of those with ARC will be 187.26 million (95% CI = 113.17-281.23). During 2000 and 2010, South Central China consistently owed the most cases of any cataract, whereas Northwest China the least. Conclusions The prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China was unmasked. In the coming decades, cataract and cataract blindness will continue to be a leading public-health issue in China due to the ageing population. Future work should be prioritized to the promotion of high-quality epidemiological studies on cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peige Song
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - He Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kit Yee Chan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Song P, Wang H, Theodoratou E, Chan KY, Rudan I. The national and subnational prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2018; 8:010804. [DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hayashi R, Hayashi S, Sakai M, Arai K, Chikuda M, Machida S. Gender differences in mRNA expression of aquaporin 8 and glutathione peroxidase in cataractous lens following intake of an antioxidant supplement. Exp Eye Res 2018; 168:28-32. [PMID: 29317238 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants can decrease oxidative damage and prevent age-related ocular disease. Our previous investigation on human aqueous humor following intake of a lutein-containing antioxidant supplement reported an increase in the scavenging activity of superoxide in both genders and an increase in the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in females. Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) is a diffusion facilitator of H2O2 and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) is a H2O2 scavenging enzyme. The correlation between AQP8 and Gpx may be the key to determining how oxidative stress in the aqueous humor affects the lens after intake of antioxidant supplements. In this study, 24 patients with the same grade of binocular cataract were included. Anterior capsule samples, including lens epithelial cells (LECs), were collected during cataract surgery before (as pre-intake samples) and after 6 weeks of oral intake of Ocuvite Lutein ® (as post-intake samples). The mRNA expression of APQ8 and Gpx was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among males, AQP8 expression decreased significantly after the supplementation (P = .03), while there was no statistical change among females. AQP8 expression was significantly correlated to that of Gpx in post-intake samples among females (R = 0.69, P = .02), while no correlation was evident among males. The results suggest antioxidant supplementation may work by different mechanisms on LECs between genders. After supplementation, a decrease in AQP8 in LECs may inhibit the influx of H2O2 from the aqueous humor in males. In females however, the correlation between AQP8 and Gpx in LECs may indicate an increase in Gpx activity following the influx of H2O2 from the aqueous humor and further scavenging of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijo Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Shimmin Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan; Lively Eye Clinic, Soka, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Miki Sakai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kiyomi Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Makoto Chikuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Machida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
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Luo C, Chen X, Jin H, Yao K. The association between gout and cataract risk: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180188. [PMID: 28662131 PMCID: PMC5491146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between gout and age-related cataracts (ARCs). METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify papers on the association between gout and cataract risk that had been published between February 1991 and January 2017. Pooled relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The random-effects model was used instead of the fixed-effects model when heterogeneity was identified, as indicated by a Cochran's Q statistic P-value <0.10 or I2 index score >50%. RESULTS A total of 3 cross-sectional studies and 3 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Gout was significantly associated with increased odds of ARCs (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.27-1.84). In the subgroup analysis, gout exhibited positive associations with the odds of posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs, OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.06-2.70) and cortical cataracts (CCs, OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.81). However, no association was identified between gout and the odds of nuclear cataracts. CONCLUSIONS The current literature suggested that gout may be associated with increased odds of ARCs, especially PSCs and CCs. Further efforts should be made to confirm these findings and clarify the effect of gout and gout medications on the development of cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Luo
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (KY); (HJ)
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (KY); (HJ)
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Dubicanac M, Strueve J, Mestre-Frances N, Verdier JM, Zimmermann E, Joly M. Photoperiodic regime influences onset of lens opacities in a non-human primate. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3258. [PMID: 28484672 PMCID: PMC5420196 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opacities of the lens are typical age-related phenomena which have a high influence on photoreception and consequently circadian rhythm. In mouse lemurs, a small bodied non-human primate, a high incidence (more than 50% when >seven years) of cataracts has been previously described during aging. Previous studies showed that photoperiodically induced accelerated annual rhythms alter some of mouse lemurs’ life history traits. Whether a modification of photoperiod also affects the onset of age dependent lens opacities has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was therefore to characterise the type of opacity and the mouse lemurs’ age at its onset in two colonies with different photoperiodic regimen. Methods Two of the largest mouse lemur colonies in Europe were investigated: Colony 1 having a natural annual photoperiodic regime and Colony 2 with an induced accelerated annual cycle. A slit-lamp was used to determine opacities in the lens. Furthermore, a subset of all animals which showed no opacities in the lens nucleus in the first examination but developed first changes in the following examination were further examined to estimate the age at onset of opacities. In total, 387 animals were examined and 57 represented the subset for age at onset estimation. Results The first and most commonly observable opacity in the lens was nuclear sclerosis. Mouse lemurs from Colony 1 showed a delayed onset of nuclear sclerosis compared to mouse lemurs from Colony 2 (4.35 ± 1.50 years vs. 2.75 ± 0.99 years). For colony 1, the chronological age was equivalent to the number of seasonal cycles experienced by the mouse lemurs. For colony 2, in which seasonal cycles were accelerated by a factor of 1.5, mouse lemurs had experienced 4.13 ± 1.50 seasonal cycles in 2.75 ± 0.99 chronological years. Discussion Our study showed clear differences in age at the onset of nuclear sclerosis formation between lemurs kept under different photoperiodic regimes. Instead of measuring the chronological age, the number of seasonal cycles (N = four) experienced by a mouse lemur can be used to estimate the risk of beginning nuclear sclerosis formation. Ophthalmological examinations should be taken into account when animals older than 5–6 seasonal cycles are used for experiments in which unrestricted visual ability has to be ensured. This study is the first to assess and demonstrate the influence of annual photoperiod regime on the incidence of lens opacities in a non-human primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Dubicanac
- Institute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Julia Strueve
- Clinic for Small Animals, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nadine Mestre-Frances
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases Inserm U1198, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases Inserm U1198, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elke Zimmermann
- Institute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Marine Joly
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Domienik J, Gryglak S, Jurewicz J. Characteristics of interventional cardiologists and their work practices for the study on radiation-induced lens opacities based on the methodology developed by ELDO-preliminary results. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:431-437. [PMID: 26983990 PMCID: PMC4973644 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary results of the Polish epidemiology study on eye lens opacities among interventional cardiologists (ICs), based on the methodology proposed by ELDO (epidemiological studies of radio-induced cataracts in interventional cardiologists and radiologists: methodology implementation), are presented. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis concerning the excess risk of cataract in the group of ICs. The first results concern the study population characteristics, including the most important confounding factors for cataract, as well as a detailed description of the work practices in interventional cardiology needed in order to reconstruct the cumulative eye lens dose. The data from 69 ICs and 23 controls collected based on the general medical questionnaire and the occupational questionnaire (for ICs only) were analyzed. The mean age of ICs and of the control group was 41 and 44, respectively, while the mean duration of work for exposed physicians was 9 years. The analysis of the data from the occupational questionnaire concerning the procedures performed, the use of various access routes, as well as radiation protection tools (eye lens glasses, ceiling suspended transparent shield, etc.) are also presented. On the basis of this information and additional assumptions about the doses per procedure (as well as reduction factors for various types of radiation measures), the cumulative doses to the eye lens of ICs were evaluated. They ranged up to 1.55 Sv and 0.4 Sv for left and right eye, respectively; however, the dose to only 3% of ICs exceeded the new threshold for development of eye lens opacities (0.5 Gy) proposed by the ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domienik
- Department of Radiological Protection, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), St Teresa 8, Łodz, 91-348, Poland
| | - Szymon Gryglak
- Department of Radiological Protection, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), St Teresa 8, Łodz, 91-348, Poland
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), St Teresa 8, Łodz, 91-348, Poland
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Noran N, Salleh N, Zahari M. Relationship between Reproductive Exposures and Age-Related Cataract in Women. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 19:23-8. [DOI: 10.1177/10105395070190020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between reproductive exposures and age-related cataract among women. This was a hospital based case-control study. The study population included female patients, aged 50 years and above who attended the Eye clinic at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. The outcome measurement was based on ophthalmologic examination by an ophthalmologist. The data on exposure was obtained from face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. In order to reduce the recall bias, patients' medical records were used to substantiate the exposure status. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of age-related cataract with exogenous estrogen usage (HRT and OCP) and duration of menses. Important confounders such as age, history of diabetes, cigarette smoking and steroids usage were controlled for in the analysis. Females with 29 years or less of endogenous estrogen exposure of, have almost three times the risk of developing age related cataract (adjusted OR 3.42: 95% CI: 1.28,9.16), similarly among those with exposure of 30- 32 years (adjusted OR 3.64: 95% CI: 1.08,12.26). Hormone Replacement Therapy used for more than three years was found to be a protective factor of age-related cataract. There is evidence that reproductive exposure may play a role in reducing the occurrence of age-related cataract among Malaysian women. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 23-28.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.H. Noran
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University Malaya,
| | | | - M. Zahari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University
Malaya
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35
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Ao J, Goldblatt F, Casson RJ. Review of the ophthalmic manifestations of gout and uric acid crystal deposition. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 45:73-80. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ao
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Fiona Goldblatt
- Department of Rheumatology; The Repatriation General Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Rajavi Z, Javadi MA, Daftarian N, Safi S, Nejat F, Shirvani A, Ahmadieh H, Shahraz S, Ziaei H, Moein H, Motlagh BF, Feizi S, Foroutan A, Hashemi H, Hashemian SJ, Jabbarvand M, Jafarinasab MR, Karimian F, Mohammad-Rabei H, Mohammadpour M, Nassiri N, Panahi-Bazaz M, Rohani MR, Sedaghat MR, Sheibani K. Customized Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Adult Cataract in Iran. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 10:445-60. [PMID: 27051491 PMCID: PMC4795396 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.176913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To customize clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cataract management in the Iranian population. Methods: First, four CPGs (American Academy of Ophthalmology 2006 and 2011, Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2010, and Canadian Ophthalmological Society 2008) were selected from a number of available CPGs in the literature for cataract management. All recommendations of these guidelines, together with their references, were studied. Each recommendation was summarized in 4 tables. The first table showed the recommendation itself in clinical question components format along with its level of evidence. The second table contained structured abstracts of supporting articles related to the clinical question with their levels of evidence. The third table included the customized recommendation of the internal group respecting its clinical advantage, cost, and complications. In the fourth table, the internal group their recommendations from 1 to 9 based on the customizing capability of the recommendation (applicability, acceptability, external validity). Finally, customized recommendations were sent one month prior to a consensus session to faculty members of all universities across the country asking for their comments on recommendations. Results: The agreed recommendations were accepted as conclusive while those with no agreement were discussed at the consensus session. Finally, all customized recommendations were codified as 80 recommendations along with their sources and levels of evidence for the Iranian population. Conclusion: Customization of CPGs for management of adult cataract for the Iranian population seems to be useful for standardization of referral, diagnosis and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaleh Rajavi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Javadi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sare Safi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nejat
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Office for Healthcare Standards, Deputy of Curative Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ziaei
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Moein
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepehr Feizi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroutan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hashemian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Jabbarvand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Jafarinasab
- Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Karimian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammad-Rabei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Hussein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohammadpour
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Nassiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Hussein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Rohani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Al-Zahra Eye Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Kourosh Sheibani
- Basir Eye Safety Research Center, Basir Eye Clinic, Tehran, Iran
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The Correlation of Age and Postoperative Visual Acuity for Age-Related Cataract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7147543. [PMID: 26881225 PMCID: PMC4736385 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7147543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Clinically, what is the best time for age-related cataract (ARC) patients to receive surgeries and get the most benefits is important. We explored the relationship between age and presenting postoperative visual acuity (POVA) in patients from rural China. Methods. Three Lifeline Express Hospital Eye-Train missions of Peking University People's Hospital were chosen. At the first day after surgery, 3452 ARC eyes with the presenting POVA ≥ 6/60 were enrolled. The relationship between age and POVA was analyzed statistically. Results. In these three missions, there were more female patients than males; the ratio of females to males was 1.71. The average age of females was older than males. Overall, the percentages of patients with good visual outcomes (≥6/18) were significantly decreased with aging. Different regions had variations, but the trends were the same. There was weak linear correlation between age and POVA. The correlations of females were stronger than males in Yuncheng and Sanmenxia and weaker than males in Zhoukou. Conclusion. The good visual outcomes of presenting POVA were significantly decreased with aging and there were weak linear correlations between age and POVA in rural China. The linear correlation might be influenced by the difference of gender and region.
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Lens opacity based modelling of the age-related straylight increase. Vision Res 2015; 117:25-33. [PMID: 26459146 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work studies ethnic and geographical differences in the age-related straylight increase by means of a stochastic model and unpublished lens opacity data of 559 residents of Villa Maria (Argentina), as well as data of 912 Indonesian subjects published previously by Husain et al. For both cohorts the prevalence of each type and grade of lens opacity was determined as a function of age, from which a stochastic model was derived capable of simulating the lens opacity prevalence for both populations. These simulated lens opacity data were then converted to estimated straylight by means of an equation derived from previously recorded data of 107 eyes with varying degrees of cataract. Based on these opacity templates 2500 random sets of subject age and lens opacity data were generated by the stochastic model for each dataset, from which estimated straylight could be calculated. For the Argentinian data the estimated straylight was found to closely resemble the published models for age-related straylight increase. For younger eyes the straylight variation of the model was the same as what was previously published (in both cases ±0.200logunits), which doubled in size for older eyes. For the Indonesian data, however, this age-related straylight increase was found to be fundamentally different from the published age model. This suggests that current normative curves for age-related straylight increase may not always be appropriate for non-European populations, and that the inter-individual straylight variations in young, healthy eyes may possibly be due to variations in lens opacities.
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Rao P, Millen AE, Meyers KJ, Liu Z, Voland R, Sondel S, Tinker L, Wallace RB, Blodi BA, Binkley N, Sarto G, Robinson J, LeBlanc E, Mares JA. The Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Nuclear Cataract in the Carotenoid Age-Related Eye Study (CAREDS), an Ancillary Study of the Women's Health Initiative. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4221-30. [PMID: 26132781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and nuclear cataract among participants of the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS). METHODS Nuclear cataract was assessed from slit lamp photographs (2001-2004) taken 6 years after collecting serum analyzed for 25(OH)D levels at WHI baseline (1994-1998) in 1278 CAREDS participants age 50 to 79 years. Multivariate (age, iris color, smoking, pulse pressure) odds ratios (ORs) for nuclear cataract (nuclear opacities > level 4 or cataract extraction) by quintiles of serum 25(OH)D were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS No significant association was observed between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract among women of all ages (age-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.97 [0.65-1.45]). However, there was a significant age interaction (P for interaction = 0.04). There were no significant associations in the women 70 years or older. In women younger than 70 years, we observed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract (multivariate adjusted ORs [95% CI] 0.54 [0.29-0.99] and 0.66 [0.36-1.20] for quintiles 4 and 5 vs. 1, respectively; P = 0.03). Further adjustment for 25(OH)D determinants (body mass index, vitamin D intake, and UVB exposure) attenuated this association. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels were unrelated to nuclear opacities in this study sample. However, exploratory analyses suggest a protective association in women younger than 70 years. Further investigations of the relationship between vitamin D and nuclear lens opacities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prethy Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Kristin J Meyers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rickie Voland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sheri Sondel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Barbara A Blodi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neil Binkley
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gloria Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Smith MJ, Walline JJ. Controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2015; 6:133-40. [PMID: 26316834 PMCID: PMC4542412 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s55834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is a common disorder, affecting approximately one-third of the US population and over 90% of the population in some East Asian countries. High amounts of myopia are associated with an increased risk of sight-threatening problems, such as retinal detachment, choroidal degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. Slowing the progression of myopia could potentially benefit millions of children in the USA. To date, few strategies used for myopia control have proven to be effective. Treatment options such as undercorrection of myopia, gas permeable contact lenses, and bifocal or multifocal spectacles have all been proven to be ineffective for myopia control, although one recent randomized clinical trial using executive top bifocal spectacles on children with progressive myopia has shown to decrease the progression to nearly half of the control subjects. The most effective methods are the use of orthokeratology contact lenses, soft bifocal contact lenses, and topical pharmaceutical agents such as atropine or pirenzepine. Although none of these modalities are US Food and Drug Administration-approved to slow myopia progression, they have been shown to slow the progression by approximately 50% with few risks. Both orthokeratology and soft bifocal contact lenses have shown to slow myopia progression by slightly less than 50% in most studies. Parents and eye care practitioners should work together to determine which modality may be best suited for a particular child. Topical pharmaceutical agents such as anti-muscarinic eye drops typically lead to light sensitivity and poor near vision. The most effective myopia control is provided by atropine, but is rarely prescribed due to the side effects. Pirenzepine provides myopia control with little light sensitivity and few near-vision problems, but it is not yet commercially available as an eye drop or ointment. Several studies have shown that lower concentrations of atropine slow the progression of myopia control with fewer side effects than 1% atropine. While the progression of myopic refractive error is slowed with lower concentration of atropine, the growth of the eye is not, indicating a potentially reversible form of myopia control that may diminish after discontinuation of the eye drops. This review provides an overview of the myopia control information available in the literature and raises questions that remain unanswered, so that eye care practitioners and parents can potentially learn the methods that may ultimately improve a child’s quality of life or lower the risk of sight-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J Smith
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH, USA
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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Emamian MH, Shariati M, Mohazzab-Torabi S, Fotouhi A. Past History of Ocular Trauma in an Iranian Population-Based Study: Prevalence and its Associated Factors. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015; 22:377-82. [PMID: 26180480 PMCID: PMC4502185 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.159766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of a history of ocular trauma and its association to age, sex, and biometric components. Materials and Methods: Residents of Shahroud, Iran aged 40–64 years, were sampled through a cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling. Three hundred clusters were randomly selected, and 20 individuals were systematically selected from each cluster. The subjects underwent optometric and ophthalmic examinations, and ocular imaging. A history of ocular trauma was determined through personal interviews. Results: The prevalence of a history of trauma and blunt trauma, sharp trauma, and chemical burns were 8.57%, 3.91%, 3.82%, and 1.93%, respectively. After adjusting for age, the rate of all types of trauma was significantly higher for males. Only the prevalence of chemical burns significantly decreased with aging. A history of hospitalization was stated by 1.64% of the subjects. The axial length was significantly longer in cases with a history of trauma. The corneal curvature was significantly larger in cases with a history of sharp trauma and chemical burns. The prevalence of corneal opacities was significantly higher among cases with a history of the blunt trauma odds ratio (OR = 2.33) and sharp trauma (OR = 4.46). Based on corrected visual acuity, the odds of blindness was 3.32 times higher in those with a history of ocular trauma (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the 40–64-year-old population reported a history of ocular trauma. This observation has important health implications. Blindness, corneal opacities, and posterior subcapsular cataract were observed more frequently among these cases, and they demonstrated differences in some ocular biometric components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shariati
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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High sugar-induced repression of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes in lens: Reversal by pyruvate. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:149-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between vitamin E and age-related cataract (ARC).DesignThe fixed- or random-effect model was selected based on heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s test. The dose–response relationship was assessed by a restricted cubic spline model.SettingRelevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library to May 2014, without language restrictions.SubjectsStudies involved samples of people of all ages.ResultsDietary vitamin E intake, dietary and supplemental vitamin E intake, and high serum tocopherol levels were significantly associated with decreased risk of ARC, the pooled relative risk was 0·73 (95 % CI 0·58, 0·92), 0·86 (95 % CI 0·75, 0·99) and 0·77 (95 % CI 0·66, 0·91), respectively. Supplemental vitamin E intake was non-significantly associated with ARC risk (relative risk=0·92; 95 % CI 0·78, 1·07). The findings from dose–response analysis showed evidence of a non-linear association between dietary vitamin E intake and ARC. The risk of ARC decreased with dietary vitamin E intake from 7 mg/d (relative risk=0·94; 95 % CI 0·90, 0·97).ConclusionsThe findings of the meta-analysis indicated that dietary vitamin E intake, dietary and supplemental vitamin E intake, and high level of serum tocopherol might be significantly associated with reduced ARC risk.
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Yu X, Lyu D, Dong X, He J, Yao K. Hypertension and risk of cataract: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114012. [PMID: 25474403 PMCID: PMC4256215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is the major cause of blindness across the world. Many epidemiologic studies indicated that hypertension might play an important role in the development of cataract, while others not. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to determine the relationship between risk of cataract and hypertension. Methods Retrieved studies on the association of hypertension with cataract risk were collected from PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library during June 2014 and were included into the final analysis according to the definite inclusion criteria. Odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) were pooled with 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate the relationship between hypertension and cataract risk. Subgroup analyses were carried out on the basis of cataract type, race and whether studies were adjusted for main components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Results The final meta-analysis included 25 studies (9 cohort, 5 case-control and 11 cross-sectional) from 23 articles. The pooled results showed that cataract risk in populations with hypertension significantly increased among cohort studies (RR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.12) and case-control or cross-sectional studies (OR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12–1.45). This association was proved to be true among both Mongolians and Caucasians, and the significance was not altered by the adjustment of main components of MS. Subgroup analysis on cataract types indicated that an increased incidence of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) resulted among cohort studies (RR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03–1.46) and cross-sectional/case-control studies (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39). No association of hypertension with risk of nuclear cataract was found. Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggests that hypertension increases the risk of cataract, especially PSC. Further efforts should be made to explore the potential biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Yu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danni Lyu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiliang He
- Institutes of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
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The gender-differentiated antioxidant effects of a lutein-containing supplement in the aqueous humor of patients with senile cataracts. Exp Eye Res 2014; 129:5-12. [PMID: 25305576 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are expected to decrease oxidative damage and prevent ocular diseases. In this study, changes in the anti-oxidative ability and oxidative status in the aqueous humor before and after intake of a lutein-containing supplement were measured. Forty patients who all had identical grades of cataracts in both eyes were included. The aqueous humor was collected as pre-intake samples during cataract surgery. Ocuvite + Lutein(Ⓡ), an antioxidant supplement, was administered orally beginning the day after surgery. Six weeks later, the aqueous humor was collected as a post-intake sample during cataract surgery of the opposite eye. To determine the anti-oxidative ability, the levels of superoxide (O2(*-)) scavenging activity were measured. To determine the oxidative status, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total amount of hydroperoxides (TH, including H2O2 and peroxides of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) were measured. In post-intake samples, the O2(*-) scavenging activities were significantly higher in both genders (p < 0.05). The levels of H2O2 were significantly higher (p < 0.01) while the levels of TH were significantly lower (p < 0.01) only in females. The level of H2O2 was significantly negatively correlated to the TH in the post-intake samples of both genders (r = -0.50 and p < 0.05 for males; r = -0.59 and p < 0.01 for females) while the level of H2O2 was significantly positively correlated to the O2(*-) scavenging activity in both pre- and post-intake aqueous humor in females only (r = 0.66 and p < 0.01 for pre-intake samples, r = 0.71 and p < 0.01 for post-intake samples). After the introduction of the antioxidant supplement, O2(*-) scavenging activity increased while H2O2 levels remained the same in males, suggesting that scavenging rates are proportional. In postmenopausal females, the superoxide scavenging activity also increased, however unlike in males, the H2O2 levels also increased meaning H2O2 was not completely scavenged. H2O2 is a non-free radical and can be excreted from the aqueous humor to prevent further oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which was confirmed by the low levels of TH in post-intake samples. Antioxidant supplements are suggested to be effective in reducing oxidation in the aqueous humor by different mechanisms in both genders.
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Colitz CMH, Lu P, Sugimoto Y, Barden CA, Chandler HL. Estradiol biosynthesis in canine lens epithelial cells. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:541-8. [PMID: 25260172 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.935446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm that lens epithelial cells (LEC) synthesize 17β-estradiol, active estrogen, and to identify the pathway(s) by which normal and cataractous LEC synthesize 17β-estradiol. METHODS ELISA was used to measure estradiol in aqueous humor; immunohistochemical staining was used to localize estradiol, testosterone and sulfatase; tritiated water release assay was used to measure aromatase activity; and qRT-PCR was used to quantify expression of aromatase and sulfatase in normal and cataractous canine and human LEC. RESULTS Canine eyes with and without cataracts had no differences in aqueous humor estradiol levels; however, cataractous LEC had more intense immunoreactivity for estradiol than normal LEC. There were little to no differences in canine sulfatase protein and mRNA expression when normal and cataractous LEC were compared. qRT-PCR demonstrated that canine cataractous LEC had significantly higher expression of aromatase; this was confirmed with the tritiated water release assay. Similar to dogs, human cataracts had both sulfatase and aromatase mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Normal and cataractous LEC can synthesize estradiol by the sulfatase pathway; however, cataractous LEC appear to use the aromatase pathway as well. Because no differences in aqueous humor estradiol levels were detected, we suspect that estradiol synthesized by the sulfatase pathway is secreted into the aqueous humor; whereas, estradiol synthesized by the aromatase pathway is used for, as yet unknown, intracrine purposes.
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Abstract
There is evidence from epidemiologic data that cataract is more common in women than men. This is not solely due to a higher rate of cataract extraction in women, as is the case in the western world, but several population-based studies show that females have a higher prevalence of lens opacities, especially cortical. There is no firm evidence that lifestyle-related factors are the cause of this gender discrepancy. Focus has therefore been directed towards the role of estrogen in cataract formation. Although data on endogenous and exogenous estrogen involvement in cataractogenesis are conflicting, some studies have indicated that hormone therapy may decrease the risk of cataract and thus be protective. It has been hypothesized that the decrease in estrogen at menopause cause increased risk of cataract in women, i.e. not strictly the concentration of estrogen, but more the withdrawal effect. Estrogens are known to exert several anti-aging effects that may explain the longer lifespan in women, including metabolically beneficial effects, neuroprotection, preservation of telomeres and anti-oxidative properties. Since oxidative stress is considered important in cataractogenesis, studies have investigated the effects of estrogens on lens epithelial cells in culture or in animal models. Several investigators have found protection by physiological concentrations of 17β-estradiol against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in cultured lens epithelial cells. Although both main types of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, have been demonstrated in lens epithelium, most studies so far indicate that the estrogen-mediated protection in the lens is exerted through non-genomic, i.e. receptor-independent mechanisms, possibly through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/ERK2), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-signaling pathway. Further studies are needed, both epidemiologic as to the role of hormone therapies, and laboratory studies regarding molecular estrogen-mediated mechanisms, in order to comprehend the role of estrogens on cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation/Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related and anterior polar cataracts in a Korean population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96461. [PMID: 24936893 PMCID: PMC4060994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential risk factors associated with nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and anterior polar cataracts (APC) in the Korean population. Research Design and Methods This was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 7992 adults (over 40 years of age) from the data of the fourth annual Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, performed from 2007 to 2009. The presence of lens opacity was examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and evaluated according to LOCS II standard photographs. The subtype of cataract present, including nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and anterior polar cataracts, was noted. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for association of each specific type of cataract with age, sex, health examination, and medical history. Results The prevalence of nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract increased gradually with increasing age. However, the prevalence of APC peaked in the 50- to 59-year-old subjects. All types of cataract except for APCs were more prevalent in women. Oral steroid use was associated with a lower risk of APC. Conclusions These findings showed the unique characteristics of APC in the Korean population.
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Kim TN, Lee JE, Lee EJ, Won JC, Noh JH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim DJ. Prevalence of and factors associated with lens opacities in a Korean adult population with and without diabetes: the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94189. [PMID: 24718421 PMCID: PMC3981769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with lens opacities in a Korean adult population with and without diabetes. Research Design and Methods Among the 11,163 adults (≥19 years old) from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008–2009, the data from laboratory tests, nutritional surveys, and slit-lamp examinations of 10,248 persons (4,397 men, 5,851 women) were examined. Cataract was defined as the presence of any nuclear, cortical, subcapsular, or mixed cataract in at least one eye, using the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Results The weighted prevalence of cataracts were 23.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.7–25.4] in a Korean adult population (19–39 years old, 1.8% [1.3–2.5], 40–64 years old, 25.2% [22.5–28.1],≥65 years old, 87.8% [85.4–89.9])and 54.7% [50.1–59.2] in a diabetic population(19–39 years old, 11.6% [4.5–26.5], 40–64 years old, 41.1% [35.4–47.0], ≥65 years old, 88.3% [83.5–91.8]). In a logistic regression analysis, age, myopia, and the presence of diabetes were independent risk factors. For young (age 19–39 years) and middle aged (age 40–65 years) adults with diabetes, the OR of having a lens opacity is 5.04 [1.41–17.98] and 1.47 [1.11–1.94], respectively, as those without diabetes, whereas for adults aged 65 and older, there was no difference in the prevalence of cataract. Conclusions According to these national survey data, ∼ 24% of Korean adults and ∼ 55% of people with diabetes have cataracts. The presence of diabetes was independently associated with cataracts in young and middle aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Joo Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Behar-Cohen F, Baillet G, de Ayguavives T, Garcia PO, Krutmann J, Peña-García P, Reme C, Wolffsohn JS. Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 8:87-104. [PMID: 24379652 PMCID: PMC3872277 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s46189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation potentially damages the skin, the immune system, and structures of the eye. A useful UV sun protection for the skin has been established. Since a remarkable body of evidence shows an association between UV radiation and damage to structures of the eye, eye protection is important, but a reliable and practical tool to assess and compare the UV-protective properties of lenses has been lacking. Among the general lay public, misconceptions on eye-sun protection have been identified. For example, sun protection is mainly ascribed to sunglasses, but less so to clear lenses. Skin malignancies in the periorbital region are frequent, but usual topical skin protection does not include the lids. Recent research utilized exact dosimetry and demonstrated relevant differences in UV burden to the eye and skin at a given ambient irradiation. Chronic UV effects on the cornea and lens are cumulative, so effective UV protection of the eyes is important for all age groups and should be used systematically. Protection of children's eyes is especially important, because UV transmittance is higher at a very young age, allowing higher levels of UV radiation to reach the crystalline lens and even the retina. Sunglasses as well as clear lenses (plano and prescription) effectively reduce transmittance of UV radiation. However, an important share of the UV burden to the eye is explained by back reflection of radiation from lenses to the eye. UV radiation incident from an angle of 135°-150° behind a lens wearer is reflected from the back side of lenses. The usual antireflective coatings considerably increase reflection of UV radiation. To provide reliable labeling of the protective potential of lenses, an eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®) has been developed. It integrates UV transmission as well as UV reflectance of lenses. The E-SPF® compares well with established skin-sun protection factors and provides clear messages to eye health care providers and to lay consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Behar-Cohen
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Team 17, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, France
| | - Gilles Baillet
- Research and Development Center, Essilor International, Saint Maur des Fossés, France
| | - Tito de Ayguavives
- Research and Development Center, Essilor International, Saint Maur des Fossés, France
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pablo Peña-García
- Department of Research, Fundacion Jorge Alio, Alicante, Spain
- Division of Ophthalmology, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Charlotte Reme
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
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