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Tetens MM, Omland LH, Dessau R, Ellermann-Eriksen S, Andersen NS, Jørgensen CS, Østergaard C, Bodilsen J, Søgaard KK, Bangsborg J, Nielsen AC, Møller JK, Chen M, Niemann CU, Lebech AM, Obel N. Risk of haematologic cancers among individuals tested for Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies, and Borrelia burgdorferi seropositive individuals: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:231-239. [PMID: 37871679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a nationwide, matched cohort study, we aimed to investigate risks of haematologic cancers among individuals tested for Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) antibodies, and among serum Bb seropositive individuals. METHODS We identified all Bb seropositive individuals in Denmark (1993-2020) (n = 52 200) and constructed two age- and sex-matched comparison cohorts: (a) Bb seronegative controls (n = 104 400) and (b) background population controls (n = 261 000). We calculated short-term OR (aOR) (<1 month of study inclusion), and long-term hazard ratios (aHR) (>1 month after study inclusion) adjusted for age and sex. We stratified seropositive individuals on only Bb-IgM seropositive (n = 26 103), only Bb-IgG seropositive (n = 18 698), and Bb-IgM-and-IgG seropositive (n = 7399). RESULTS Compared with the background population, individuals tested for Bb antibodies had increased short-term (aOR: 12.6, 95% CI: 10.1-15.6) and long-term (aHR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2-1.4) risk of haematologic cancers. The Bb seropositive individuals had no increased risk of haematologic cancers compared with those who tested negative for Bb, except that Bb-IgM-and-IgG seropositive individuals had increased long-term risk of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (aHR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2-3.4). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that Bb antibody testing is included in the work-up of unspecific symptoms preceding diagnosis of haematologic cancers. Bb-IgM-and-IgG seropositivity was associated with a two-fold increased long-term risk of chronic lymphatic leukaemia, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte M Tetens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lars Haukali Omland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ram Dessau
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Nanna S Andersen
- Clinical Centre for Emerging and Vector-borne Infections, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bodilsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kirstine K Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jette Bangsborg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Alex Christian Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjølseth Møller
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sønderborg Hospital, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Carsten Utoft Niemann
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Lebech
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ying L, Liu P, Ding Z, Wray‐McCann G, Emery J, Colon N, Le LHM, Tran LS, Xu P, Yu L, Philpott DJ, Tu Y, Cheah DMZ, Cheng CL, Lim ST, Ong CK, Ferrero RL. Anti-CD40L therapy prevents the formation of precursor lesions to gastric B-cell MALT lymphoma in a mouse model. J Pathol 2023; 259:402-414. [PMID: 36640261 PMCID: PMC10952994 DOI: 10.1002/path.6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a B-cell tumour that develops over many decades in the stomachs of individuals with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. We developed a new mouse model of human gastric MALT lymphoma in which mice with a myeloid-specific deletion of the innate immune molecule, Nlrc5, develop precursor B-cell lesions to MALT lymphoma at only 3 months post-Helicobacter infection versus 9-24 months in existing models. The gastric B-cell lesions in the Nlrc5 knockout mice had the histopathological features of the human disease, notably lymphoepithelial-like lesions, centrocyte-like cells, and were infiltrated by dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and T-cells (CD4+ , CD8+ and Foxp3+ ). Mouse and human gastric tissues contained immune cells expressing immune checkpoint receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, indicating an immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment. We next determined whether CD40L, overexpressed in a range of B-cell malignancies, may be a potential drug target for the treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma. Importantly, we showed that the administration of anti-CD40L antibody either coincident with or after establishment of Helicobacter infection prevented gastric B-cell lesions in mice, when compared with the control antibody treatment. Mice administered the CD40L antibody also had significantly reduced numbers of gastric DCs, CD8+ and Foxp3+ T-cells, as well as decreased gastric expression of B-cell lymphoma genes. These findings validate the potential of CD40L as a therapeutic target in the treatment of human gastric B-cell MALT lymphoma. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ying
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Phoebe Liu
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Georgie Wray‐McCann
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Jack Emery
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Nina Colon
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Lena HM Le
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Le Son Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouPR China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPR China
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Yugang Tu
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.DanversMAUSA
| | - Daryl MZ Cheah
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular ResearchNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Chee L Cheng
- Department of PathologySingapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Soon T Lim
- Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- SingHealth Duke‐NUS Blood Cancer CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Office of EducationDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Choon K Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular ResearchNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Genome Institute of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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3
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Liu S, Deng Z, Zhu J, Ma Z, Tuo B, Li T, Liu X. Gastric immune homeostasis imbalance: An important factor in the development of gastric mucosal diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114338. [PMID: 36905807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastric mucosal immune system is a unique immune organ independent of systemic immunity that not only maintains nutrient absorption but also plays a role in resisting the external environment. Gastric mucosal immune disorder leads to a series of gastric mucosal diseases, including autoimmune gastritis (AIG)-related diseases, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced diseases, and various types of gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, understanding the role of gastric mucosal immune homeostasis in gastric mucosal protection and the relationship between mucosal immunity and gastric mucosal diseases is very important. This review focuses on the protective effect of gastric mucosal immune homeostasis on the gastric mucosa, as well as multiple gastric mucosal diseases caused by gastric immune disorders. We hope to offer new prospects for the prevention and treatment of gastric mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zilin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
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Sun XY, Yang XD, Yang XQ, Ju B, Xiu NN, Xu J, Zhao XC. Antibiotic and glucocorticoid-induced recapitulated hematological remission in acute myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7890-7898. [PMID: 36158489 PMCID: PMC9372864 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i22.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemic hematopoietic cells acquire enhanced self-renewal capacity and impaired differentiation. The emergence of symptomatic leukemia also requires the acquisition of a clonal proliferative advantage. Untreated leukemia patients usually experience an aggressive process. However, spontaneous remission occasionally occurs in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), most frequently after recovery from a febrile episode, and this is generally attributed to the triggering of antineoplastic immunity. There may be another explanation for the spontaneous remission as implicated in this paper.
CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old Chinese man presented with high fever, abdominal pain and urticaria-like skin lesions. He was diagnosed with AML-M4 with t(8;21) (q22;q22)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 based on morphological, immunological, cytogenetic and molecular analyses. He had a complex chromosome rea-rrangement of 48,XY,t(8;21)(q22;q22),+13,+13[9]/49,idem,+mar[9]/49,idem,+8[2]. He also had a mutated tyrosine kinase domain in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene. He was treated with antibiotics and glucocorticoids for gastrointestinal infection and urticaria-like skin lesions. The infection and skin lesions were quickly resolved. Unexpectedly, he achieved hematological remission along with resolution of the febrile episode, gastrointestinal symptoms and skin lesions. Notably, after relapse, repeating these treatments resulted in a return to hematological remission. Unfortunately, he demonstrated strong resistance to antibiotic and glucocorticoid treatment after the second relapse and died of sepsis from bacterial infection with multidrug resistance. The main clinical feature of this patient was that symptomatic AML emerged with flaring of the gut inflammatory disorder and it subsided after resolution of the inflammation. Learning from the present case raises the possibility that in a subgroup of AML patients, the proliferative advantage of leukemia cells may critically require the presence of inflammatory stresses.
CONCLUSION Inflammatory stresses, most likely arising from gastrointestinal infection, may sustain the growth and survival advantage of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Ju
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nuan-Nuan Xiu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
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Keikha M, Sahebkar A, Yamaoka Y, Karbalaei M. Helicobacter pylori cagA status and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:2. [PMID: 34980267 PMCID: PMC8722127 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have investigated the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. It is estimated that approximately 0.1% of people infected with H. pylori develop gastric MALT lymphoma. However, the role of the CagA antigen, the highest causative agent of H. pylori, in increasing the risk of gastric MALT lymphoma remains unclear and controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of cagA status on the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. Methods All articles evaluating the status of the cagA gene in the development of gastric MALT lymphoma were collected using systematic searches in online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, regardless of publication date. The association between cagA and gastric MALT lymphoma was assessed using the odds ratio (OR) summary. In addition, a random-effects model was used in cases with significant heterogeneity. Results A total of 10 studies met our inclusion criteria, among which 1860 patients participated. No association between cagA status and the development of MALT lymphoma (extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma) was found in this study (OR 1.30; 0.906–1.866 with 95% CIs; I2: 45.83; Q-value: 12.92). Surprisingly, a meaningful association was observed between cagA status and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR 6.43; 2.45–16.84 with 95% CIs). We also observed an inverse association between vacA and gastric MALT lymphoma risk (OR 0.92; 0.57–1.50 with 95% CIs). Conclusions It seems that the infection with cagA-positive H. pylori strains does not have a meaningful effect on the gastric MALT lymphoma formation, while translocated CagA antigen into the B cells plays a crucial role in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.,Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
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Foukas PG, Bisig B, de Leval L. Recent advances upper gastrointestinal lymphomas: molecular updates and diagnostic implications. Histopathology 2020; 78:187-214. [PMID: 33382495 DOI: 10.1111/his.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the vast majority being diagnosed in the stomach, duodenum, or proximal small intestine. A few entities, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, represent the majority of cases. In addition, there are diseases specific to or characteristic of the GI tract, and any type of systemic lymphoma can present in or disseminate to these organs. The recent advances in the genetic and molecular characterisation of lymphoid neoplasms have translated into notable changes in the classification of primary GI T-cell neoplasms and the recommended diagnostic approach to aggressive B-cell tumours. In many instances, diagnoses rely on morphology and immunophenotype, but there is an increasing need to incorporate molecular genetic markers. Moreover, it is also important to take into consideration the endoscopic and clinical presentations. This review gives an update on the most recent developments in the pathology and molecular pathology of upper GI lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis G Foukas
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Bettina Bisig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Kiesewetter B, Raderer M. Immunomodulatory treatment for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma). Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:417-424. [PMID: 32469432 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has been characterized as a dynamic process driven by lymphoma cell dependency on T-cell signaling, chronic antigenic stimulation of marginal zone B-cells and activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. This concept is underlined by the strong causal connection of chronic Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and MALT lymphoma development based on perpetual auto-antigenic stimulation of Helicobacter pylori-specific T-cells, but also its association with further potential infectious triggers and autoimmune disorders for extragastric lymphoma sites. Thus, given the dependency of MALT lymphoma cells on the tumor microenvironment, this specific entity appears highly suitable for immunomodulatory treatment strategies. Several approaches have been assessed in the last years including promising data on immunomodulatory agents "IMiDs" thalidomide and lenalidomide, macrolide antibiotics and antibodies. The aim of the present review is to discuss rationales for immunomodulatory therapies in MALT lymphoma and to present the statu quo on immunomodulatory and therefore chemotherapy-free treatment strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kiesewetter
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Raderer
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S. The important role played by chemokines influence the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Life Sci 2019; 231:116688. [PMID: 31348950 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extended infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the most frequent infectious agents in humans, may cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. During H. pylori infection, different kinds of inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, T cells and B cells are accumulated into the stomach. The interactions between chemokines and their respective receptors recruit particular types of the leukocytes that ultimately determine the nature of immune response and therefore, have a main influence on the consequence of infection. The suitable production of chemokines especially in the early stages of H. pylori infection shapes appropriate immune responses that contribute to the H. pylori elimination. The unbalanced expression of the chemokines can contribute in the induction of inappropriate responses that result in the tissue damage or malignancy. Thus, chemokines and their receptors may be promising potential targets for designing the therapeutic strategies against various types H. pylori-related gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, a comprehensive explanation regarding the roles played by chemokines in H. pylori-mediated peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric malignancies was provided while presenting the potential utilization of these chemoattractants as therapeutic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Novel Insights of Lymphomagenesis of Helicobacter pylori-Dependent Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040547. [PMID: 30999581 PMCID: PMC6520890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common subtype of gastric lymphoma. Most gastric MALT lymphomas are characterized by their association with the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and are cured by first-line HP eradication therapy (HPE). Several studies have been conducted to investigate why most gastric MALT lymphomas remain localized, are dependent on HP infection, and show HP-specific intratumoral T-cells (e.g., CD40-mediated signaling, T-helper-2 (Th2)-type cytokines, chemokines, costimulatory molecules, and FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells) and their communication with B-cells. Furthermore, the reason why the antigen stimuli of these intratumoral T-cells with tonic B-cell receptor signaling promote lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma has also been investigated. In addition to the aforementioned mechanisms, it has been demonstrated that the translocated HP cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) can promote B-cell proliferation through the activation of Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-2) phosphorylation-dependent signaling, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, the expression of CagA and these CagA-signaling molecules is closely associated with the HP-dependence of gastric MALT lymphomas (completely respond to first-line HPE). In this article, we summarize evidence of the classical theory of HP-reactive T-cells and the new paradigm of direct interaction between HP and B-cells that contributes to the HP-dependent lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphomas. Although the role of first-line HPE in the treatment of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma remains uncertain, several case series suggest that a proportion of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains antibiotic-responsive and is cured by HPE. Considering the complicated interaction between microbiomes and the genome/epigenome, further studies on the precise mechanisms of HP- and other bacteria-directed lymphomagenesis in antibiotic-responsive gastric MALT lymphomas are warranted.
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Garraway K, Johannes CM, Bryan A, Peauroi J, Rossi G, Zhang M, Wang C, Allenspach K, Jergens AE. Relationship of the mucosal microbiota to gastrointestinal inflammation and small cell intestinal lymphoma in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1692-1702. [PMID: 30084202 PMCID: PMC6189339 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in healthy cats is altered in IBD. Little research has been performed to identify whether specific bacterial groups are associated with small cell GI lymphoma (LSA). Hypothesis Mucosal bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium spp., are abundant in intestinal biopsies of cats with small cell GI LSA compared to cats with IBD. Animals Fourteen cats with IBD and 14 cats with small cell GI LSA. Methods Retrospective case control study. A search of the medical records was performed to identify cats diagnosed with IBD and with GI LSA. Bacterial groups identified by FISH in GI biopsies were compared between cohorts and correlated to CD11b+ and NF‐κB expression. Results Fusobacterium spp. (median; IQR bacteria/region) were higher in cats with small cell GI LSA in ileal (527; 455.5 – 661.5; P = .046) and colonic (404.5; 328.8 – 455.5; P = .016) adherent mucus, and combined colonic compartments (free mucus, adherent mucus, attaching to epithelium) (8; 0 – 336; P = .017) compared to cats with IBD (ileum: 67; 31.5 – 259; colon: 142.5; 82.3 – 434.5; combined: 3; 0 – 34). Bacteroides spp. were higher in ileal adherent mucus (P = .036) and 3 combined ileal compartments (P = .034) of cats with small cell GI LSA. There were significant correlations between Fusobacterium spp. totals and CD11b+ cell (P = .009; rs .476) and NF‐κB expression (P = .004; rs .523). Conclusions The bacterial alterations appreciated might be influential in development of small cell GI LSA, and should drive further studies to elucidate the effects of microbial‐mediated inflammation on GI cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Garraway
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA
| | | | - Angela Bryan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University
| | - John Peauroi
- VDx Veterinary Diagnostics and Preclinical Research Services
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iowa State University
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iowa State University
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Ward JM, Schofield PN, Sundberg JP. Reproducibility of histopathological findings in experimental pathology of the mouse: a sorry tail. Lab Anim (NY) 2017; 46:146-151. [PMID: 28328876 DOI: 10.1038/laban.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reproducibility of in vivo research using the mouse as a model organism depends on many factors, including experimental design, strain or stock, experimental protocols, and methods of data evaluation. Gross and histopathology are often the endpoints of such research and there is increasing concern about the accuracy and reproducibility of diagnoses in the literature. To reproduce histopathological results, the pathology protocol, including necropsy methods and slide preparation, should be followed by interpretation of the slides by a pathologist familiar with reading mouse slides and familiar with the consensus medical nomenclature used in mouse pathology. Likewise, it is important that pathologists are consulted as reviewers of manuscripts where histopathology is a key part of the investigation. The absence of pathology expertise in planning, executing and reviewing in vivo research using mice leads to questionable pathology-based findings and conclusions from studies, even in high-impact journals. We discuss the various aspects of this problem, give some examples from the literature and suggest solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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12
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Floch P, Izotte J, Guillemaud J, Sifré E, Costet P, Rousseau B, Laur AM, Giese A, Korolik V, Mégraud F, Dubus P, Hahne M, Lehours P. A New Animal Model of Gastric Lymphomagenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1473-1484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Chonwerawong M, Avé P, Huerre M, Ferrero RL. Interferon-γ promotes gastric lymphoid follicle formation but not gastritis in Helicobacter-infected BALB/c mice. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:61. [PMID: 27895717 PMCID: PMC5117576 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mouse infection studies have shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine, is required for the development of severe pathology induced by chronic Helicobacter infection. This finding is largely based on studies performed using mice that have polarised Th1 responses i.e. C57BL/6 animals. The current work aims to investigate the role of IFN-γ in Helicobacter-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice which have Th2-polarised immune responses. Results At 7 months post-infection with Helicobacter felis, IFN-γ deficiency in BALB/c mice had no significant effect on H. felis colonisation levels in the gastric mucosa, nor on humoral responses, or gastritis severity. Ifng−/− animals with chronic H. felis infection did, however, develop significantly fewer lymphoid follicle lesions, as well as increased IL-4 splenocyte responses, when compared with infected Ifng+/+ mice (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0004, respectively). Conclusions The work shows that in mice on a BALB/c background, IFN-γ is not required for bacterial clearance, antibody responses, nor gastric inflammation. Conversely, IFN-γ appears to play a role in the development of gastric lymphoid follicles, which are precursor lesions to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This study highlights the importance of mouse host background on the susceptibility to Helicobacter-induced pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3123 Australia
| | - Patrick Avé
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France ; Unité de Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Michel Huerre
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France ; Département de Pathologie, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3123 Australia ; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
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14
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Hoehne SN, McDonough SP, Rishniw M, Simpson KW. Identification of Mucosa-Invading and Intravascular Bacteria in Feline Small Intestinal Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:234-241. [PMID: 27627983 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816664792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal mucosa are causally linked to gastric carcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in people and laboratory animals. We examined the relationship of mucosa-associated bacteria to alimentary lymphoma in cats. Intestinal biopsies from 50 cats with alimentary lymphoma (small cell, n = 33; large cell, n = 17) and 38 controls without lymphoma (normal to minimal change on histopathology, n = 18; lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, n = 20) were evaluated. The number and spatial distribution of bacteria (ie, in luminal cellular debris, villus-associated mucus, adherent to epithelium, mucosal invasion, intravascular, or serosal) were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with the eubacterial probe EUB-338. Mucosa-invasive bacteria were more frequently observed in cats with large cell lymphoma (82%, P ≤ .001) than in cats with small cell lymphoma (18%), normal to minimal change on histopathology, and lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (3%). Intravascular bacteria were observed solely in large cell lymphoma (29%), and serosal colonization was more common in cats with large cell lymphoma (57%) than with small cell lymphoma (11%, P ≤ .01), normal to minimal change (8%, P ≤ .01), and lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (6%, P ≤ .001). The high frequency of invasive bacteria within blood vessels and serosa of cats with large cell lymphoma may account for the sepsis-related complications associated with large cell lymphoma and inform clinical management. Further studies are required to determine the role of intramucosal bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of feline alimentary lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Hoehne
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,2 William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - S P McDonough
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Rishniw
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - K W Simpson
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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15
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Preclinical Evaluation of the Novel BTK Inhibitor Acalabrutinib in Canine Models of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159607. [PMID: 27434128 PMCID: PMC4951150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a second-generation inhibitor of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK) with increased target selectivity and potency compared to ibrutinib. In this study, we evaluated acalabrutinib in spontaneously occurring canine lymphoma, a model of B-cell malignancy similar to human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). First, we demonstrated that acalabrutinib potently inhibited BTK activity and downstream effectors in CLBL1, a canine B-cell lymphoma cell line, and primary canine lymphoma cells. Acalabrutinib also inhibited proliferation in CLBL1 cells. Twenty dogs were enrolled in the clinical trial and treated with acalabrutinib at dosages of 2.5 to 20mg/kg every 12 or 24 hours. Acalabrutinib was generally well tolerated, with adverse events consisting primarily of grade 1 or 2 anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea and lethargy. Overall response rate (ORR) was 25% (5/20) with a median progression free survival (PFS) of 22.5 days. Clinical benefit was observed in 30% (6/20) of dogs. These findings suggest that acalabrutinib is safe and exhibits activity in canine B-cell lymphoma patients and support the use of canine lymphoma as a relevant model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
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Shiu J, Piazuelo MB, Ding H, Czinn SJ, Drakes ML, Banerjee A, Basappa N, Kobayashi KS, Fricke WF, Blanchard TG. Gastric LTi cells promote lymphoid follicle formation but are limited by IRAK-M and do not alter microbial growth. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1047-59. [PMID: 25603827 PMCID: PMC4510039 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are activated by accessory cell IL-23, and promote lymphoid tissue genesis and antibacterial peptide production by the mucosal epithelium. We investigated the role of LTi cells in the gastric mucosa in the context of microbial infection. Mice deficient in IRAK-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling, were investigated for increased LTi cell activity, and antibody mediated LTi cell depletion was used to analyze LTi cell dependent antimicrobial activity. H. pylori infected IRAK-M deficient mice developed increased gastric IL-17 and lymphoid follicles compared to wild type mice. LTi cells were present in naive and infected mice, with increased numbers in IRAK-M deficient mice by two weeks. Helicobacter and Candida infection of LTi cell depleted rag1(-/-) mice demonstrated LTi-dependent increases in calprotectin but not RegIII proteins. However, pathogen and commensal microbiota populations remained unchanged in the presence or absence of LTi cell function. These data demonstrate LTi cells are present in the stomach and promote lymphoid follicle formation in response to infection, but are limited by IRAK-M expression. Additionally, LTi cell mediated antimicrobial peptide production at the gastric epithelium is less efficacious at protecting against microbial pathogens than has been reported for other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shiu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven J. Czinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maureen L. Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nisha Basappa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Koichi S. Kobayashi
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Texas
| | - W. Florian Fricke
- Institute for Genomic Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas G. Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Interferon-γ-producing B cells induce the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after Helicobacter suis infection. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:279-95. [PMID: 25073677 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis is capable of infecting various animals including humans, and H. suis infections can lead to gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Recently, we reported that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was highly expressed in the stomachs of H. suis-infected mice, but the direct relationship between the upregulation of IFN-γ expression and the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after H. suis infection remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the IFN-γ produced by B cells plays an important role in the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after H. suis infection. In addition, IFN-γ-producing B cells evoked gastric lymphoid follicle formation independent of T-cell help, suggesting that they are crucial for the development of gastric MALT induced by Helicobacter infection.
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Helicobacter pylori: Genomic Insight into the Host-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:386905. [PMID: 25722969 PMCID: PMC4334614 DOI: 10.1155/2015/386905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of genomic analyses has revolutionized the study of human health. Infectious disease research in particular has experienced an explosion of bacterial genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data complementing the phenotypic methods employed in traditional bacteriology. Together, these techniques have revealed novel virulence determinants in numerous pathogens and have provided information for potential chemotherapeutics. The bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, has been recognized as a class 1 carcinogen and contributes to chronic inflammation within the gastric niche. Genomic analyses have uncovered remarkable coevolution between the human host and H. pylori. Perturbation of this coevolution results in dysregulation of the host-pathogen interaction, leading to oncogenic effects. This review discusses the relationship of H. pylori with the human host and environment and the contribution of each of these factors to disease progression, with an emphasis on features that have been illuminated by genomic tools.
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Aihara N, Kamiie J, Yamada M, Shirota K. The development of mixed cryoglobulinemia in Capillaria hepatica-infected mice is associated with the capillaria antigen-induced selective proliferation of splenic B-1a cells in response to interleukin-5 stimulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:172-84. [PMID: 25452118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection by pathogens such as hepatitis C virus induces monoclonal or oligoclonal proliferation of B cells, which produce IgM rheumatoid factor, leading to the development of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). Antigen-driven lymphoproliferation is essential to the onset of MC; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Herein, we show that type II MC is induced by Capillaria hepatica infection through a mechanism in which splenic B-1a cells reacting to C. hepatica-specific antigen selectively proliferate, producing IgM rheumatoid factor under co-stimulation of the specific worm antigen and IL-5. In vitro assays using B-1a cells from infected mice showed that stimulation by C. hepatica soluble fraction promoted the proliferation of B-1a cells and the secretion of IgM, which reacted with the 75-kDa antigen in the soluble fraction. The severity of MC was correlated with the increase in serum IL-5 levels in the infected mice. Furthermore, i.p. injection of the soluble worm fraction caused MC without an inflammatory response in IL-5 transgenic mice, indicating that IL-5 is critical for the development of MC. These results indicate that the selective proliferation of IgM rheumatoid factor-secreting B-1a cells is induced by co-stimulation by the specific pathogen antigen and IL-5 in the development of MC in C. hepatica-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Aihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Moe Yamada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kinji Shirota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan; Research Institute of Biosciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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20
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Chrisment D, Dubus P, Chambonnier L, Hocès de la Guardia A, Sifré E, Giese A, Capone M, Khairallah C, Costet P, Rousseau B, Hubert C, Burlen-Defranoux O, Varon C, Bandeira A, Mégraud F, Lehours P. Neonatal thymectomy favors Helicobacter pylori-promoted gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma lesions in BALB/c mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2174-84. [PMID: 24909507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal thymectomy in BALB/c mice has been described as a model of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (GML). By using this experimental system, we screened, for the first time to our knowledge, Helicobacter pylori GML-associated strains for their capacity to promote disease. A cohort of BALB/c mice underwent thymectomy at day 3 after birth (d3Tx). Successful thymic ablation was evaluated by the degree of lymphopenia in blood samples collected at 4 weeks of age. d3Tx and non-thymectomized controls were infected with either GML strains (B38 or B47) or control strains (SS1 or TN2GF4). Gastric samples collected at 6, 12, and 18 months after infection were studied for bacteria content, and submitted to histological, immunochemical, molecular, and immunological analyses. Severe gastric inflammation was only observed in d3Tx mice. In these animals, the gastric lamina propria was infiltrated with lymphoid cells organized in follicles composed of B cells with few infiltrating T cells. PCR of D/J IgH gene segments proved the monoclonality of infiltrating B cells, which strongly correlated with the presence of lymphoepithelial lesions. B-cell infiltrates were particularly prominent in mice infected with the B47-GML strain. No pathological changes were detected in noninfected d3Tx mice. We identified new H. pylori isolates adapted to the mouse stomach with high potential of GML development, which is only revealed in hosts rendered lymphopenic by neonatal thymic ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Chrisment
- Bacteriology Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- EA 2406, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Chambonnier
- Bacteriology Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Elodie Sifré
- Bacteriology Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban Giese
- EA 2406, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Capone
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 5164 Innate Components of the Immune Response and Differentiation (CIRID), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Khairallah
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 5164 Innate Components of the Immune Response and Differentiation (CIRID), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Costet
- Animalerie Spécialisée, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christophe Hubert
- Functional Genomics Center, the Genome Transcription Platform, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christine Varon
- Bacteriology Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Francis Mégraud
- Bacteriology Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Bacteriology Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France.
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Roesler BM, Rabelo-Gonçalves EMA, Zeitune JMR. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and upper gastrointestinal diseases: A review. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.64039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Niemann CU, Wiestner A. B-cell receptor signaling as a driver of lymphoma development and evolution. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:410-21. [PMID: 24060900 PMCID: PMC4208312 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) is essential for normal B-cell development and maturation. In an increasing number of B-cell malignancies, BCR signaling is implicated as a pivotal pathway in tumorigenesis. Mechanisms of BCR activation are quite diverse and range from chronic antigenic drive by microbial or viral antigens to autostimulation of B-cells by self-antigens to activating mutations in intracellular components of the BCR pathway. Hepatitis C virus infection can lead to the development of splenic marginal zone lymphoma, while Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In some of these cases, successful treatment of the infection removes the inciting antigen and results in resolution of the lymphoma. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been recognized for decades as a malignancy of auto-reactive B-cells and its clinical course is in part determined by the differential response of the malignant cells to BCR activation. In a number of B-cell malignancies, activating mutations in signal transduction components of the BCR pathway have been identified; prominent examples are activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) that carry mutations in CD79B and CARD11 and display chronic active BCR signaling resulting in constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway. Despite considerable heterogeneity in biology and clinical course, many mature B-cell malignancies are highly sensitive to kinase inhibitors that disrupt BCR signaling. Thus, targeted therapy through inhibition of BCR signaling is emerging as a new treatment paradigm for many B-cell malignancies. Here, we review the role of the BCR in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies and summarize clinical results of the emerging class of kinase inhibitors that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten U Niemann
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Detection of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma cells: clinical and biological significance. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e125. [PMID: 23852160 PMCID: PMC3730200 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that CagA can be translocated into B cells in Helicobacter pylori (HP) coculture media, and the translocation appears biologically significant as activation of the relevant cellular pathways was noticed. In this study, we further explore if CagA can be detected in malignant B cells of HP-positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Expression of CagA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. CagA expression was further confirmed by western blot analysis. The association between CagA expression in malignant B cells and tumor response to HP eradication therapy (HPE) was evaluated in 64 stage IE gastric MALT lymphoma patients. We detected CagA expression in 31 (48.4%) of 64 patients: 26 (68.4%) of the 38 HP-dependent cases and 5 (19.2%) of the 26 HP-independent cases (P<0.001). Patients with CagA expression responded to HPE quicker than those without (median time to complete remission, 3.0 vs 6.5 months, P=0.025). Our results indicated that CagA can be translocated into malignant B cells of MALT lymphoma, and the translocation is clinically and biologically significant.
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Shiu J, Blanchard TG. Dendritic cell function in the host response to Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa. Pathog Dis 2013; 67:46-53. [PMID: 23620119 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role as antigen-presenting cells that direct the nature of the adaptive immune response. Subtypes are differentiated by lineage, tissue, marker expression and function. Their function in promoting regulatory T cells in the gut to maintain immunologic homeostasis is well documented, but their role in the Helicobacter pylori-infected stomach is less clear. Some analyses of bone marrow-derived DCs stimulated with H. pylori have demonstrated proinflammatory potential based on secretion of IL-12 or IL-23 or activation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Other analyses indicate that H. pylori-activated DCs are less responsive compared with other gastrointestinal bacteria and activate DCs to promote Treg development. DC depletion in mice supports a role for DCs in down-regulating H. pylori-induced gastritis. These data indicate that gastric DCs recognize H. pylori much like DCs in the gut that recognize commensal organisms and promote a regulatory T-cell response. This is consistent with a growing body of literature documenting the prevalence and function of Treg cells in the host response to H. pylori. Research is now focused on characterizing how H. pylori induces such activity in DCs and identifying the mechanisms by which H. pylori-activated DCs activate Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shiu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Bessède E, Copie-Bergman C, Lehours P, Levy M, Leroy K, Baia M, Riou A, Mégraud F, Delchier JC, Salles N. Is elevated gastric tissue NOX2 associated with lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue? Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1205-11. [PMID: 22229863 PMCID: PMC3474711 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). However, the host response to this infection is also important in the development of the disease. In particular, NADPH oxidases (NOXs) which generate reactive oxygen species are known to induce cell damage possibly leading to carcinogenesis. We analyze for the first time NOX expression in a series of well characterized gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) patients in comparison with controls. Our observation leads to the hypothesis that NOX2 expression is significantly associated with GML.
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26
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Kuper-Hommel MJJ, van Krieken JHJM. Molecular pathogenesis and histologic and clinical features of extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1032-45. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.631157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Craig VJ, Cogliatti SB, Rehrauer H, Wündisch T, Müller A. Epigenetic silencing of microRNA-203 dysregulates ABL1 expression and drives Helicobacter-associated gastric lymphomagenesis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3616-24. [PMID: 21454413 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) develops in the chronically inflamed mucosa of patients infected with the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Here we use patient material, primary gastric lymphoma cell cultures, and a preclinical model of the disease to examine the role of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional regulation--focusing in particular on miR-203 and its target ABL1--in gastric MALT lymphomagenesis. Microarray-based miRNA expression profiling revealed a strong downregulation of the putative tumor suppressor miRNA miR-203 in human MALT lymphoma samples, which resulted from extensive promoter hypermethylation of the miR-203 locus and coincided with the dysregulation of the miR-203 target ABL1 in lymphoma biopsies compared with matched adjacent normal material from the same patients. Treatment of lymphoma B cells with demethylating agents led to increased miR-203 expression and the concomitant downregulation of ABL1, confirming the epigenetic regulation of this miRNA. Ectopic reexpression of miR-203 by transfection of a human lymphoma cell line or lentiviral transduction of explanted primary MALT lymphoma cells was sufficient to prevent tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Similarly, the treatment of primary MALT lymphoma cells with the ABL inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib prevented tumor cell growth. Finally, we show that the treatment of tumor-bearing mice with imatinib induces MALT lymphoma regression in a preclinical model of the disease, implicating ABL1 in MALT lymphoma progression. In summary, our results show that the transformation from gastritis to MALT lymphoma is epigenetically regulated by miR-203 promoter methylation and identify ABL1 as a novel target for the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Craig
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Winter S, Loddenkemper C, Aebischer A, Räbel K, Hoffmann K, Meyer TF, Lipp M, Höpken UE. The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is pivotal for ectopic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue neogenesis in chronic Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:1169-80. [PMID: 20798913 PMCID: PMC2956061 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid follicles are a key feature of chronic inflammatory autoimmune and infectious diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Homeostatic chemokines are considered to be involved in the formation of such tertiary lymphoid tissue. High expression of CXCL13 and its receptor, CXCR5, has been associated with the formation of ectopic lymphoid follicles in chronic infectious diseases. Here, we defined the role of CXCR5 in the development of mucosal tertiary lymphoid tissue and gastric inflammation in a mouse model of chronic H. pylori infection. CXCR5-deficient mice failed to develop organized gastric lymphoid follicles despite similar bacterial colonization density as infected wild-type mice. CXCR5 deficiency altered Th17 responses but not Th1-type cellular immune responses to H. pylori infection. Furthermore, CXCR5-deficient mice exhibited lower H. pylori-specific serum IgG and IgA levels and an overall decrease in chronic gastric immune responses. In conclusion, the development of mucosal tertiary ectopic follicles during chronic H. pylori infection is strongly dependent on the CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis, and lack of de novo lymphoid tissue formation attenuates chronic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Winter
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, 13125, Germany
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Howard MT, Bejanyan N, Maciejewski JP, Hsi ED. T/NK large granular lymphocyte leukemia and coexisting monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis-like proliferations. An unrecognized and frequent association. Am J Clin Pathol 2010; 133:936-41. [PMID: 20472852 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpiil1y5qxtibp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) is a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that has recently been associated with B-cell dyscrasias on a spectrum ranging from dysgammaglobulinemia to lymphoma. To investigate the relationship between clonal B-cell and LGLL lymphoproliferations, we systematically studied lymphocytes in 57 patients with T-LGLL or NK lymphocytosis using flow cytometric methods sensitive to low-level B-cell populations. We identified 16 patients (28%) with abnormal B-cell populations; 9 (16%) of the patients had no known history of a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. We characterized these abnormal B-cell populations as monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and report a high frequency of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in T/NK LGLL. Our findings suggest that certain pathologic factors may operate in patients with T/NK LGLL to drive low-level clonal B-cell proliferations.
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B-cell receptor signaling and CD40 ligand-independent T cell help cooperate in Helicobacter-induced MALT lymphomagenesis. Leukemia 2010; 24:1186-96. [PMID: 20428202 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) develops in the context of chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Most pathophysiological features of the early stages of MALT lymphomagenesis can be reproduced by experimental infection of BALB/c mice with Helicobacter species. We have previously shown that MALT lymphomas are infiltrated by T-helper cell type 2-polarized T cells and that human and murine tumor B cells carry polyreactive surface immunoglobulins. Using the murine model of the disease, in this study we show that explanted tumor B cells proliferate upon stimulation with the same panel of self and foreign antigens that are recognized by their surface antibodies. Tumor cell proliferation is strongly enhanced by the presence of intratumoral CD4(+) T cells in a CD40/CD40L-independent manner. A large proportion of tumor-infiltrating CD4(+) T cells are CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) with highly suppressive activity, which are recruited by the tumor cells through secretion of the Treg-attracting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. The depletion of CD25(+) cells was as efficient as CD4(+) T cell depletion in blocking tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggest that B-cell receptor-derived signals cooperate with T-helper cell signals in driving the progression of MALT lymphoma, providing an explanation for the unique antigen dependence of this B-cell malignancy.
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Llera AS, Girotti MR, Benedetti LG, Podhajcer OL. Matricellular proteins and inflammatory cells: A task force to promote or defeat cancer? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
Gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arises against a background of chronic inflammation caused by persistent Helicobacter pylori infection. The clinical and histopathologic features of the human tumor can be reproduced by Helicobacter infection of BALB/c mice. In this study, we have analyzed the antibody sequences and antigen specificity of a panel of murine and human MALT lymphoma-derived antibodies. We find that a majority of tumors in patients as well as experimentally infected mice are monoclonal. The tumor immunoglobulin heavy chain genes have undergone somatic hypermutation, and approximately half of all tumors show evidence of intraclonal variation and positive and/or negative selective pressure. Recombinantly expressed MALT lymphoma antibodies bind with intermediate affinity to various unrelated self- and foreign antigens, including Helicobacter sonicate, immunoglobulin G (IgG), DNA, and stomach extract; antigen binding is blocked in a dose-dependent manner in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A strong bias toward the use of V(H) gene segments previously linked to autoantibodies and/or polyreactive antibodies in B-cell malignancies or autoimmune pathologies supports the experimental finding of polyreactivity. Our results suggest that MALT lymphoma development may be facilitated by an array of local self- and foreign antigens, providing direct antigenic stimulation of the tumor cells via their B-cell receptor.
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Anderson NS, Turner L, Livingston S, Chen R, Nicosia SV, Kruk PA. Bcl-2 expression is altered with ovarian tumor progression: an immunohistochemical evaluation. J Ovarian Res 2009; 2:16. [PMID: 19852858 PMCID: PMC2774291 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The ovarian tumor microenvironment is comprised of tumor cells, surrounding stroma, and circulating lymphocytes, an important component of the immune response, in tumors. Previous reports have shown that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is overexpressed in many solid neoplasms, including ovarian cancers, and contributes to neoplastic transformation and drug-resistant disease, resulting in poor clinical outcome. Likewise, studies indicate improved clinical outcome with increased presence of lymphocytes. Therefore, we sought to examine Bcl-2 expression in normal, benign, and cancerous ovarian tissues to determine the potential relationship between epithelial and stromal Bcl-2 expression in conjunction with the presence of lymphocytes for epithelial ovarian tumor progression. Methods Ovarian tissue sections were classified as normal (n = 2), benign (n = 17) or cancerous (n = 28) and immunohistochemically stained for Bcl-2. Bcl-2 expression was assessed according to cellular localization, extent, and intensity of staining. The number of lymphocyte nests as well as the number of lymphocytes within these nests was counted. Results While Bcl-2 staining remained cytoplasmic, both percent and intensity of epithelial and stromal Bcl-2 staining decreased with tumor progression. Further, the number of lymphocyte nests dramatically increased with tumor progression. Conclusion The data suggest alterations in Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte infiltration correlate with epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Consequently, Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte status may be important for prognostic outcome or useful targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Bende RJ, van Maldegem F, van Noesel CJM. Chronic inflammatory disease, lymphoid tissue neogenesis and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Haematologica 2009; 94:1109-23. [PMID: 19608670 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.005983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic autoimmune or pathogen-induced immune reactions resulting in lymphoid neogenesis are associated with development of malignant lymphomas, mostly extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZBCLs). In this review we address (i) chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in lymphoid neogenesis; (ii) the autoimmune diseases and pathogens which are associated with development of B-cell lymphomas; (iii) the molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of MZBCL; and (iv) 'potential' mouse models for MZBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bende
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Sayi A, Kohler E, Hitzler I, Arnold I, Schwendener R, Rehrauer H, Müller A. The CD4+ T cell-mediated IFN-gamma response to Helicobacter infection is essential for clearance and determines gastric cancer risk. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7085-101. [PMID: 19454706 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, yet remains asymptomatic in the majority of individuals. We report here that the C57BL/6 mouse model of experimental infection with the closely related Helicobacter felis recapitulates this wide range in host susceptibility. Although the majority of infected animals develop premalignant lesions such as gastric atrophy, compensatory epithelial hyperplasia, and intestinal metaplasia, a subset of mice is completely protected from preneoplasia. Protection is associated with a failure to mount an IFN-gamma response to the infection and with a concomitant high Helicobacter burden. Using a vaccine model as well as primary infection and adoptive transfer models, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma, secreted predominantly by CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T(H) cells, is essential for Helicobacter clearance, but at the same time mediates the formation of preneoplastic lesions. We further provide evidence that IFN-gamma triggers a common transcriptional program in murine gastric epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo and induces their preferential transformation to the hyperplastic phenotype. In summary, our data suggest a dual role for IFN-gamma in Helicobacter pathogenesis that could be the basis for the differential susceptibility to H. pylori-induced gastric pathology in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Sayi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research and
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O'Rourke JL. Gene expression profiling in Helicobacter-induced MALT lymphoma with reference to antigen drive and protective immunization. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23 Suppl 2:S151-6. [PMID: 19120889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that long-term infection of BALB/c mice with gastric Helicobacter species results in the development of histopathological lesions that resemble those seen in patients diagnosed with gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This paper describes analysis of this disease at the molecular level through the use of microarray technology and immunohistochemical staining. We were able to monitor the genetic changes in the gastric mucosa characterized by distinct transcriptional signatures and correlate these with histological changes as the infection progressed from a chronic inflammatory infiltrate through to MALT lymphoma. This model system also enabled us to further dissect the role of antigen presentation and prophylactic immunization in the disease process. Antimicrobial therapy to eradicate the antigen correlated with significant reduction in pathology and major changes in the gene expression profile. Subsequent reintroduction of the antigen resulted in rapid tumor development which correlated with an increase in aggressively proliferating cells and changes in the cellular composition of the tumor. The response in vaccinated animals showed that the protected animals exhibited a strikingly different transcriptional profile compared to those of non-protected or control mice, indicating that the vaccination targeted the appropriate site leaving a long-lasting signature. The genes which were most significantly up-regulated included a number of adipocyte-specific factors, such as fat-cell specific cytokines and adipocyte surface markers. This study allowed for us to highlight the significance of antigen presentation in this disease and to hypothesis mechanisms associated with protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani L O'Rourke
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Ferrand J, Roumanes D, Pitard V, Moreau JF, Mégraud F, Lehours P. Modulation of lymphocyte proliferation induced by gastric MALT lymphoma-associated Helicobacter pylori strains. Helicobacter 2008; 13:167-73. [PMID: 18466391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection leads to different chronic diseases, suggesting that this bacterium can evade the host immune defense system. The ability to control lymphocyte proliferation may be a mechanism leading to the development of gastric pathologies. Our aim was to characterize the effects of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) associated H. pylori strains on lymphocyte proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the in vitro proliferation of human lymphocytes originally from blood or tonsil samples in the presence or absence of viable bacteria or lysates. RESULTS We showed that MALT lymphoma-associated strains are not likely to be directly responsible for anarchical B-cell proliferation in vitro. On the other hand, proliferation of prestimulated T lymphocytes was abolished in vitro by the presence of all H. pylori strains, whether associated with MALT lymphoma or not. CONCLUSION Inhibition of T-cell proliferation may be of major importance in the gastric colonization and in the persistence of the infection. Furthermore, this inhibition may favor anarchical B-cell proliferation in vivo and predispose the host to gastric MALT lymphoma, whereas MALT-associated H. pylori strains do not appear to possess a specific capability to directly stimulate B-lymphocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ferrand
- INSERM U853, Bordeaux, F 33076 France, and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, F33076, France
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Bridgeford EC, Marini RP, Feng Y, Parry NMA, Rickman B, Fox JG. Gastric Helicobacter species as a cause of feline gastric lymphoma: a viable hypothesis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 123:106-13. [PMID: 18387674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gastric Helicobacter spp. are associated with chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation in humans as well as domestic and laboratory species. The present study examined the association of Helicobacter heilmannii (Hhe) infection in pet cats with feline gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Tissues were collected via gastric biopsy or at necropsy from 47 pet cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease, including vomiting and inappetance, and classified as gastritis (14/47), lymphoma (31/37), or normal (2/47). Tissues positive for argyrophilic organisms with Warthin-Starry stain (29/47) were assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the presence of Hhe strains 1-4 as well as with a fifth probe that detected Helicobacter salomonis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii, or Helicobacter felis. A significant association of positive Warthin-Starry status with Hhe infection was found in cases of sick cats (22/29; p<0.05 by Chi-square; chi(2)=7.034). Interestingly, a significant association between Hhe status and a diagnosis of lymphoblastic or lymphocytic lymphoma was observed as well in a subset of 24 Warthin-Starry positive lymphoma cases: of lymphoblastic lymphoma cases, 13/17 were positive for Hhe (p<0.05; chi(2)=4.854). Hhe strains 2 and 4 were most commonly found (18/29 and 17/29, respectively) among sick cats, although a higher than expected number of cats was also positive for Hhe1, which initial reports have described as rare in cats and common in humans. The association found between a positive Hhe status with the presence of feline gastric lymphoma, especially lymphoblastic lymphoma, argues for the need to conduct prospective studies to better identify the frequency and strain distribution of Hhe infection in both healthy and clinically ill cats, particularly those cats with gastric lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Bridgeford
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 16-825, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Morgner A, Schmelz R, Thiede C, Stolte M, Miehlke S. Therapy of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:3554-66. [PMID: 17659705 PMCID: PMC4146794 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i26.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has recently been incorporated into the World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification, termed as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type. In about 90% of cases this lymphoma is associated with H pylori infection which has been clearly shown to play a causative role in lymphomagenesis. Although much knowledge has been gained in defining the clinical features, natural history, pathology, and molecular genetics of the disease in the last decade, the optimal treatment approach for gastric MALT lymphomas, especially locally advanced cases, is still evolving. In this review we focus on data for the therapeutic, stage dependent management of gastric MALT lymphoma. Hence, the role of eradication therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is critically analyzed. Based on these data, we suggest a therapeutic algorithm that might help to better stratify patients for optimal treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morgner
- Medical Department I, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Germany.
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Wang N, Fu Q, Wang YJ. Advances on the treatment of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:860-868. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i8.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are rare in the gut, and its occurrence rate was 1% to 5% of the malignant tumors. In histological type, most of them are non-Hodgin's lymphomas, while Hodgin's lymphomas are seldom seen. There have been a lot of controversies on the optimal treatments of gastric MALT lymphomas for a long time. Surgery was traditionally considered as the most important approach to cure the disease. However, anti-H. pylori therapy has been regarded as an alternative method since H. pylori infection was found to be relevant with the pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphomas. In this article, we reviewed the current status and recent advances on the treatment of this disease.
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Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a generalized term incorporating a disseminated collection of lymphoid tissues in multiple sites throughout the body. MALT sites that have been/are primarily studied include bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). Since MALT sites are often under-sampled in conventional toxicity studies, MALT lesions have not been extensively documented in these lymphoid effector sites. Lesions of the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue and Peyer's patches include degeneration, inflammation, and both primary and metastatic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Frieke Kuper
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Solnick JV, Franceschi F, Roccarina D, Gasbarrini A. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection--other Helicobacter species. Helicobacter 2006; 11 Suppl 1:46-51. [PMID: 16925612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-405x.2006.00430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a strong link between Helicobacter pylori and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and iron deficiency anemia. Interesting results have also been obtained for ischemic heart disease, though most putative associations between H. pylori infection and extragastric disease remain speculative. With regard to other Helicobacter species, Helicobacter felis has been shown to play a role in gastric carcinogenesis in mouse models. An increased susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone formation has been described in animals fed a lithogenic diet and infected with Helicobacter bilis, or co-infected with Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter rodentium. Finally, enterohepatic Helicobacter species have also been exploited to better understand inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay V Solnick
- Medicine and Medical Microbiology, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, USA
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Bussiere FI, Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Hoek KL, Cheng Y, Gainor J, Scholz A, Khan WN, Wilson KT. Low multiplicity of infection of Helicobacter pylori suppresses apoptosis of B lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6834-42. [PMID: 16818661 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection of the human stomach causes chronic gastritis that can lead to gastric cancer. Because activated lymphocytes persist in the gastric mucosa, and because a high multiplicity of infection (MOI) of H. pylori is needed to induce apoptosis in vitro, we speculated that resistance of lymphocytes to apoptosis is an important feature of the immune response to H. pylori. Freshly isolated mouse splenocytes underwent substantial spontaneous apoptosis and displayed a biphasic response to H. pylori, in which low MOI (1-10) markedly inhibited apoptosis, whereas high MOI (> or =75) potentiated apoptosis. Low MOI reduced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, and cytochrome c release and increased Bcl-2 levels. Low MOI also induced cellular proliferation. When cells were subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting after coculture with H. pylori, CD19+ B cells were found to be protected from apoptosis and undergoing proliferation at low MOI, whereas CD3+ T cells did not exhibit this pattern. The protective effect of low MOI on apoptosis persisted even when B cells were isolated before activation. Immunophenotyping showed that all B-cell subsets examined were protected from apoptosis at low MOI. Additionally, gastric infection with H. pylori resulted in protection of splenic B cells from spontaneous apoptosis. Our results suggest that the low levels of H. pylori infection that occur in vivo are associated with B-cell survival and proliferation, consistent with their potential to evolve into mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise I Bussiere
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215B Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Abstract
Certain bacterial pathogens have evolved to survive in their human hosts for long periods without causing harm. Is it possible that these persistent bacterial infections provide a protective benefit to the host?
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Falkow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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