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Sanchez-Martin A, Sanchon-Sanchez P, Romero MR, Marin JJG, Briz O. Impact of tumor suppressor genes inactivation on the multidrug resistance phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115209. [PMID: 37499450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to pharmacological treatments is unsatisfactory and heterogeneous. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) by genetic and epigenetic events is frequent in HCC. This study aimed at investigating the impact of frequently altered TSGs on HCC chemoresistance. TSG alterations were screened by in silico analysis of TCGA-LIHC database, and their relationship with survival was investigated. These TSGs were silenced in HCC-derived cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9. TLDA was used to determine the expression of a panel of 94 genes involved in the resistome. Drug sensitivity, cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration were assessed. The in silico study revealed the down-regulation of frequently inactivated TSGs in HCC (ARID1A, PTEN, CDH1, and the target of p53, CDKN1A). The presence of TP53 and ARID1A variants and the low expression of PTEN and CDH1 correlated with a worse prognosis of HCC patients. In PLC/PRF/5 cells, ARID1A knockout (ARID1AKO) induced increased sensitivity to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cabozantinib, without affecting other characteristics of malignancy. PTENKO and E-CadKO showed minimal changes in malignancy, resistome, and drug response. In p53KO HepG2 cells, enhanced malignant properties and higher resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin, sorafenib, and regorafenib were found. This was associated with changes in the resistome. In conclusion, the altered expression and function of several TSGs are involved in the heterogeneity of HCC chemoresistance and other features of malignancy, contributing to the poor prognosis of these patients. Individual identification of pharmacological vulnerabilities is required to select the most appropriate treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Sanchez-Martin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Sanchon-Sanchez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Machida K. HCV and tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:903302. [PMID: 36187761 PMCID: PMC9520593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms contain tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) that are characterized by increased drug resistance. The incidence of many cancer types have trended downward except for few cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore mechanism of HCC development and therapy resistance needs to be understood. These multiple hits by hepatitis C virus (HCV) eventually promotes transformation and TIC genesis, leading to HCC development. This review article describes links between HCV-associated HCC and TICs. This review discusses 1) how HCV promotes genesis of TICs and HCC development; 2) how this process avails itself as a novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment; and 3) ten hall marks of TIC oncogenesis and HCC development as targets for novel therapeutic modalities.
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3
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Liu Y, Fu B, Yu Z, Song G, Zeng H, Gong Y, Ding Y, Huang D. Identification of KRBA1 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration and m6A Modification in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:497-516. [PMID: 35669909 PMCID: PMC9166909 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s363862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with high incidence, but its prognosis is not optimistic. KRBA1 is a member of the KRAB family and participates in the regulation of gene transcription. However, no studies have focused on the role of KRBA1 in HCC. Patients and Methods In this study, we first analyzed the expression of KRBA1 in HCC using TCGA and ICGC databases and validated by Immunohistochemistry in clinical HCC samples. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine the relationship between KRBA1 expression and clinicopathological features. Subsequently, we used Kaplan-Meier online website analysis and Cox regression model to predict the prognostic value of KRBA1 in HCC patients. Furthermore, the functions of KRBA1 were identified by enrichment analysis. TIMER and GSCALite were used to investigate the relationship between KRBA1 expression in HCC and immune infiltration and drug targets, respectively. Finally, the relationship between KRBA1 expression and m6A modification in HCC was analyzed using the TCGA and ICGA datasets. Results The results showed that KRBA1 was upregulated in HCC and was associated with many clinicopathological features. High KRBA1 causes poor overall survival and may be an independent risk factor for HCC. KRBA1 tends to be hypermethylated and associated with poor prognosis in HCC compared with normal tissues. Enrichment analysis indicates that KRBA1 is associated with cell cycle and immune processes, and TIMER analysis shows that KRBA1 expression is associated with infiltration levels and immune characteristics of various immune cells. Silenced KRBA1 evidently reduced three chemokine expression in HCC cells. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that KRBA1 was sensitive to 39 drug small molecules. KRBA1 showed a strong positive correlation with five m6A related genes. Conclusion KRBA1 is a prognostic biomarker associated with HCC immunity and m6a modification, serving as an effective target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China.,Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bidong Fu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichuan Yu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gelin Song
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Ding
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
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4
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E-Cadherin Signaling in Salivary Gland Development and Autoimmunity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082241. [PMID: 35456333 PMCID: PMC9031707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin, the major epithelial cadherin, is located in regions of cell–cell contact known as adherens junctions. E-cadherin contributes to the maintenance of the epithelial integrity through homophylic interaction; the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin directly binds catenins, forming a dynamic complex that regulates several intracellular signal transduction pathways, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent progress uncovered a novel and critical role for this adhesion molecule in salivary gland (SG) development and in SG diseases. We summarize the structure and regulation of the E-cadherin gene and transcript in view of the role of this remarkable protein in SG morphogenesis, focusing, in the second part of the review, on altered E-cadherin expression in EMT-mediated SG autoimmunity.
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Oe N, Takeda H, Eso Y, Takai A, Marusawa H. Clinical and Molecular Basis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatitis C Virus Eradication. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040430. [PMID: 35456105 PMCID: PMC9028726 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises in the background of chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis and liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. It is well known that HCV eradication using antiviral drugs can efficiently inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis. Recent advances in and development of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs has revolutionized the treatment of HCV infection, and the vast majority of HCV patients can achieve HCV eradication using DAAs. However, mounting evidence clearly indicates that HCC inevitably occurs in a subset of patients after successful viral eradication using DAA therapy. Cancer is a genetic disease, and the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations may cause hepatocarcinogenesis in chronically damaged liver, even after virus elimination. In this review, we highlight HCC development after HCV eradication and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis after virus elimination, focusing on the genetic and epigenetic background of chronically damaged liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Oe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka 5438555, Japan;
| | - Haruhiko Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068501, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Yuji Eso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068501, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068501, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka 5438555, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6774-5111; Fax: +81-6-6774-5131
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6
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RASSF1A and p16 promoter methylation and treatment response in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. ARCH BIOL SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/abs211208004k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and its complications is based on
antiviral therapy and early detection of reliable molecular markers in
persons under risk. We investigated whether the methylation status of
RASSF1A and p16 genes, alone or in combination with host and viral factors,
affects the response to therapy with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEGIFN/
RBV). Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to
determine the methylation status of the target promoter sequences of RASSF1A
and p16 in circulating-free DNA from the peripheral blood of 49 patients
with CHC genotype 1b. The methylation status of the examined genes did not
affect the response to therapy. However, the simultaneous presence of either
RASSF1A or p16 methylation and the CC genotype of IL28B was significantly
related to a sustained virologic response (P=0.009 and P=0.032,
respectively). After Bonferroni correction, only the result concerning the
RASSF1A gene remained significant (P<0.0125). Methylation of RASSF1A was
associated with the CC genotype of the IL28B gene (P=0.024) and a higher
viral load (?400 000 IU/mL, P=0.009). Our results suggest that combined
analysis of RASSF1A gene methylation and IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism could
potentially help in the prediction of therapy response in CHC genotype 1b
patients.
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7
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Yao F, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Mei Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Martinez C, Su X, Rosato RR, Teng H, Hang Q, Yap S, Chen D, Wang Y, Chen MJM, Zhang M, Liang H, Xie D, Chen X, Zhu H, Chang JC, You MJ, Sun Y, Gan B, Ma L. A targetable LIFR-NF-κB-LCN2 axis controls liver tumorigenesis and vulnerability to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7333. [PMID: 34921145 PMCID: PMC8683481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing knowledge of ferroptosis has suggested the role and therapeutic potential of ferroptosis in cancer, but has not been translated into effective therapy. Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is highly lethal with limited treatment options. LIFR is frequently downregulated in HCC. Here, by studying hepatocyte-specific and inducible Lifr-knockout mice, we show that loss of Lifr promotes liver tumorigenesis and confers resistance to drug-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, loss of LIFR activates NF-κB signaling through SHP1, leading to upregulation of the iron-sequestering cytokine LCN2, which depletes iron and renders insensitivity to ferroptosis inducers. Notably, an LCN2-neutralizing antibody enhances the ferroptosis-inducing and anticancer effects of sorafenib on HCC patient-derived xenograft tumors with low LIFR expression and high LCN2 expression. Thus, anti-LCN2 therapy is a promising way to improve liver cancer treatment by targeting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yalan Deng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Consuelo Martinez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roberto R Rosato
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hongqi Teng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Yap
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dahu Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mei-Ju May Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mutian Zhang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Desaulniers D, Vasseur P, Jacobs A, Aguila MC, Ertych N, Jacobs MN. Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10969. [PMID: 34681626 PMCID: PMC8535778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Hazard Identification Division, Health Canada, AL:2203B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paule Vasseur
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Abigail Jacobs
- Independent at the Time of Publication, Previously US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - M. Cecilia Aguila
- Toxicology Team, Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Norman Ertych
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OX11 0RQ, UK;
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9
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Adeniji N, Dhanasekaran R. Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1972-1986. [PMID: 34533885 PMCID: PMC8631096 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC enables patients to avail curative therapies that can improve patient survival. Current international guidelines advocate for the enrollment of patients at high risk for HCC, like those with cirrhosis, in surveillance programs that perform ultrasound every 6 months. In recent years, many studies have further characterized the utility of established screening strategies and have introduced new promising tools for HCC surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers for the detection of HCC. We discuss the role of imaging tools like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early detection of HCC, and describe recent innovations which can potentially enhance their applicability, including contrast enhanced ultrasound, low‐dose CT scans, and abbreviated MRI. Next, we outline the data supporting the use of three circulating biomarkers (i.e., alpha‐fetoprotein [AFP], AFP lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction, and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin) in HCC surveillance, and expand on multiple emerging liquid biopsy biomarkers, including methylated cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), cfDNA mutations, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells. These promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers have the potential to improve early detection, and thus improve survival, in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Adeniji
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Yan Q, Tang Y, He F, Xue J, Zhou R, Zhang X, Luo H, Zhou D, Wang X. Global analysis of DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma via a whole-genome bisulfite sequencing approach. Genomics 2021; 113:3618-3634. [PMID: 34461228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in DNA methylation patterns are considered early events in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their mechanism and significance remain to be elucidated. We studied the genome-wide DNA methylation landscape of HCC by applying whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) techonlogy. Overall, HCC exhibits a genome-wide hypomethylation pattern. After further annotation, we obtained 590 differentially hypermethylated genes (hyper-DMGs) and 977 differentially hypomethylated genes (hypo-DMGs) from three groups. Hyper-DMGs were mainly involved in ascorbate and alternate metabolism pathways, while hypo-DMGs were mainly involved in focal adhesion. By integrating the DMGs with HCC-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DMGs from the TCGA database, we constructed prognostic model based on thirteen aberrantly methylated DEGs, and verified our prognostic model in GSE14520 dataset. This study compares the patterns of global epigenomic DNA methylation during the development of HCC, focusing on the role of DNA methylation in the early occurrence and development of HCC, providing a direction for future research on its epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruisheng Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daihan Zhou
- Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiongwen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Abo El-Khair SM, Elalfy H, Diasty M, Ebrahim EE, Elsamanoudy AZ. Methylation degree of metalloproteinase inhibitor RECK gene: Links to RECK protein level and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HCV infection patients. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22886. [PMID: 34392581 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The RECK gene, a tumor suppressor gene, inhibits angiogenesis, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Epigenetic regulation of the RECK gene constitutes a potent approach to the molecular basis of liver malignancy. This study aims to evaluate the promoter methylation status of the RECK gene and its serum level in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential association of RECK gene methylation with clinical criteria of HCC. One hundred and fifty-five subjects were included (healthy control [55], chronic HCV patients [55], HCV-related HCC patients [45]). The methylation status of the RECK gene promoter and serum RECK level were investigated by methylation-specific PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively. RECK gene promoter hypermethylation was recorded in 46.7% of HCC patients, and 10.9% of HCV patients, but not in control subjects (0%). It was related to RECK protein level, varices, edema, ascites, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and the largest diameter of focal lesions. Meanwhile, it was not associated with focal lesion number nor distant metastasis of HCC. In conclusion, RECK gene promoter hypermethylation is linked to HCV genotype-4-related HCC. Moreover, different degrees of RECK gene promoter methylation are associated with serum RECK level, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion, which could prove its pathogenic role in hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa M Abo El-Khair
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem Elalfy
- Tropical Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Diasty
- Tropical Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman E Ebrahim
- Tropical Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Z Elsamanoudy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Role of Nitric Oxide in Gene Expression Regulation during Cancer: Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126264. [PMID: 34200849 PMCID: PMC8230456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified and described as a dual mediator in cancer according to dose-, time- and compartment-dependent NO generation. The present review addresses the different epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), miRNA and lncRNA, which regulate directly or indirectly nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and NO production, impacting all hallmarks of the oncogenic process. Among lncRNA, HEIH and UCA1 develop their oncogenic functions by inhibiting their target miRNAs and consequently reversing the inhibition of NOS and promoting tumor proliferation. The connection between miRNAs and NO is also involved in two important features in cancer, such as the tumor microenvironment that includes key cellular components such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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13
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Zhu L, Li X, Yuan Y, Dong C, Yang M. APC Promoter Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653222. [PMID: 33968756 PMCID: PMC8103321 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, known as tumor suppressor gene, has the two promoters 1A and 1B. Researches on APC have usually focused on its loss-of-function variants causing familial adenomatous polyposis. Hypermethylation, however, which is one of the key epigenetic alterations of the APC CpG sequence, is also associated with carcinogenesis in various cancers. Accumulating studies have successively explored the role of APC hypermethylation in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, such as in esophageal, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatic cancer. In sporadic colorectal cancer, the hypermethylation of CpG island in APC is even considered as one of the primary causative factors. In this review, we systematically summarized the distribution of APC gene methylation in various GI tumors, and attempted to provide an improved general understanding of DNA methylation in GI tumors. In addition, we included a robust overview of demethylating agents available for both basic and clinical researches. Finally, we elaborated our findings and perspectives on the overall situation of APC gene methylation in GI tumors, aiming to explore the potential research directions and clinical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Wang H, Xu GB, Chen H, Pan YX. Maternal high-fat diet activates hepatic interleukin-4 in rat male offspring accompanied by increased eosinophil infiltration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G81-G92. [PMID: 33112158 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00153.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is activated as an immune response during infection or tissue injury. Epigenetic programming of maternal high-fat (HF) diet has long-term effects in the offspring. In the present study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of IL-4 in a maternal HF diet model in the liver of adult offspring. Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either control (C) or HF diet throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring were placed on a control diet after weaning, generating C/C and HF/C groups. The liver was collected at 12 wk of age, followed by histological and molecular analysis to investigate the maternal programming effects on IL-4 by HF diet. Maternal HF diet significantly induced mRNA expression and protein level of IL-4 and promoted hypomethylation of Il4 compared with the control group. Methylation-selective PCR (MSP) confirmed that maternal HF diet increased RNA polymerase II, acetylation of histone H4, and dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 at the +6 kb region of Il4. Moreover, the rat eosinophil marker Siglec-F was increased and colocalized with IL-4 in the liver. In conclusion, our study indicated that IL-4 was increased in liver cells in response to maternal HF diet. This coincides with DNA hypomethylation in combination with chromatin remodeling at the +6 kb region of the 3' downstream region as well as an induced immune cell infiltration, especially eosinophil infiltration, in the liver of offspring.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study identifies that maternal high-fat-diet-induced IL-4 upregulation is associated with DNA hypomethylation at the +6 kb region of the 3' downstream region of the gene. Furthermore, our results confirm that the induced Il4 expression in the liver of male offspring corresponds to the induced immune cell, especially eosinophil, infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Guanying Bianca Xu
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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15
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Mungamuri SK, Nagasuryaprasad K. Epigenetic mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression: Potential therapeutic opportunities. EPIGENETICS AND METABOLOMICS 2021:279-296. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85652-2.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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16
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Nia A, Dhanasekaran R. Genomic Landscape of HCC. CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 19:448-461. [PMID: 33816052 PMCID: PMC8015384 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-020-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world and it has limited treatment options. Understanding the molecular drivers of HCC is important to develop novel biomarkers and therapeutics. PURPOSE OF REVIEW HCC arises in a complex background of chronic hepatitis, fibrosis and liver regeneration which lead to genomic changes. Here, we summarize studies that have expanded our understanding of the molecular landscape of HCC. RECENT FINDINGS Recent technological advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have elucidated specific genetic and molecular programs involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We summarize the major somatic mutations and epigenetic changes have been identified in NGS-based studies. We also describe promising molecular therapies and immunotherapies which target specific genetic and epigenetic molecular events. SUMMARY The genomic landscape of HCC is incredibly complex and heterogeneous. Promising new developments are helping us decipher the molecular drivers of HCC and leading to new therapies.
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17
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Xu G, Zhou X, Xing J, Xiao Y, Jin B, Sun L, Yang H, Du S, Xu H, Mao Y. Identification of RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:547. [PMID: 33292241 PMCID: PMC7653745 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RAS association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) promoter hypermethylation is suggested to be linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results remained controversial. Methods We evaluated how RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation affects HCC risk and its clinicopathological characteristics through meta-analysis. Data on DNA methylation in HCC and relevant clinical data were also collected based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate the prognostic role of RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in HCC. Results Forty-four articles involving 4777 individuals were enrolled in the pooled analyses. The RASSF1A promoter methylation rate was notably higher in the HCC cases than the non-tumor cases and healthy individuals, and was significantly related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-positivity and large tumor size. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that HCC cases with RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation had worse outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that RASSF1A promoter methylation may be a marker of HCC-related prognoses. Conclusions RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC from tissue and peripheral blood, and is an emerging therapeutic target against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiali Xing
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bao Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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18
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Epigenetic silencing of ZIC4 contributes to cancer progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:906. [PMID: 33097694 PMCID: PMC7584641 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene played critical roles in the development and progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Zic family member 4 (ZIC4) is transcription factor and plays an important role in the developmental process. However, the expression and biological role of ZIC4 in HCC is poorly understood. Here, bioinformatics analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed an aberrant hypermethylation of ZIC4 in HCC. ZIC4 is frequently hypermethylated in promoter region and down expressed in HCC cells and tissues. Functionally, ZIC4 inhibition facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ZIC4 overexpression reduced proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells. In addition, ZIC4 inhibition rescued the antitumor effect induced by enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) knockdown or EZH2 inhibitor. Mechanistically, EZH2 knockdown or EZH2 inhibitor reduced the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in ZIC4 promoter region and leading to the upregulation of ZIC4. Altogether, these data indicate that epigenetic silencing of ZIC4 by EZH2 mediated H3K27me3 is an important mechanism in HCC and provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma disease.
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19
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Azar F, Courtet K, Dekky B, Bonnier D, Dameron O, Colige A, Legagneux V, Théret N. Integration of miRNA-regulatory networks in hepatic stellate cells identifies TIMP3 as a key factor in chronic liver disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:2021-2033. [PMID: 32306499 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is a critical process involved in liver fibrosis. Several miRNAs are implicated in gene regulation during this process but their exact and respective contribution is still incompletely understood. Here we propose an integrative approach of miRNA-regulatory networks to predict new targets. METHODS miRNA regulatory networks in activated HSCs were built using lists of validated miRNAs and the CyTargetLinker tool. The resulting graphs were filtered according to public transcriptomic data and the reduced graphs were analysed through GO annotation. A miRNA network regulating the expression of TIMP3 was further studied in human liver samples, isolated hepatic cells and mouse model of liver fibrosis. RESULTS Within the up-regulated miRNAs, we identified a subnetwork of five miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-221-3p miR-181b-5p and miR-17-5p) that target TIMP3. We demonstrated that TIMP3 expression is inversely associated with inflammatory activity and IL1-ß expression in vivo. We further showed that IL1-ß inhibits TIMP3 expression in HSC-derived LX-2 cells. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we showed that, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), TIMP3 expression is associated with survival (P < .001), while miR-221 (P < .05), miR-222 (P < .01) and miR-181b (P < .01) are markers for a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Several miRNAs targeting TIMP3 are up-regulated in activated HSCs and down-regulation of TIMP3 expression is associated with inflammatory activity in liver fibrosis and poor prognosis in HCC. The regulatory network including specific miRNAs and TIMP3 is therefore central for the evolution of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Azar
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, Rennes, France
| | - Kevin Courtet
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, Rennes, France.,University Rennes, CNRS, IRISA (Institut de recherche en informatique et système aléatoire, Rennes, France
| | - Bassil Dekky
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Bonnier
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Dameron
- University Rennes, CNRS, IRISA (Institut de recherche en informatique et système aléatoire, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Théret
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, Rennes, France.,University Rennes, CNRS, IRISA (Institut de recherche en informatique et système aléatoire, Rennes, France
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20
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Association of RASSF1A hypermethylation with risk of HBV/HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153099. [PMID: 32853942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have discovered a large number of DNA methylation patterns in human cancer. These cancer-specific methylation patterns can provide information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer. Methylation studies can find new biomarkers based on epigenetic analysis and apply these biomarkers to clinical oncology. Many studies on the association between RAASF1A methylation status and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have reached controversial conclusions. Hence, the current review comprehensively assessed the correlation between Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) methylation and the risk of the HCV/HBV-induced HCC. METHODS The appropriated publications were extracted in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using STATA 5.0 software. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of RASSF1A methylation were computed. RESULTS A total of 1015 HBV/HCV-related HCC samples, 124 non-HBV/HCV-related HCC (NBNC-HCC) samples, and 1225 nontumorous controls were extracted and examined in this research. The frequency of the methylated RASSF1A in the HBV/HCV-related tumor cases displayed a significantly increased OR compared with the overall nontumor samples (OR = 19.372, 95 % CI = 11.060-33.931, P = 0.000). The frequency of the methylated RASSF1A in HBV/HCV-related neoplasm cases displayed a significantly increased OR compared with the non-HBV/HCV-related neoplasm (NBNC-neoplasm) samples (OR = 2.150, 95 % CI = 1.398-3.308, P = 0.000). Compared with normal, chronic hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, and paracancerous samples, the pooled OR of the RASSF1A promoter methylation in the HBV/HCV-induced HCC samples was 62.785(95 % CI = 35.224-111.909), 25.07 (95 % CI = 13.85-45.36), 6.89 (95 % CI = 3.33-14.264) and 9.02 (95 % CI = 0.91-89.80), respectively. The rate of RASSF1A hypermethylation was robustly correlated with tumor size and vascular invasion, and the pooled OR was 0.346 (95 % CI = 0.210 - 0.569) and 0.081 (95 % CI = 0.022 - 0.303), respectively. CONCLUSION Results showed robust associations between RASSF1A gene methylation in promoter region and enhanced HBV/HCV-related HCC susceptibility, thereby revealing that RASSF1A methylation status may serve as an important indicator for HCC oncogenesis.
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21
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Wang XK, Liao XW, Yang CK, Liu ZQ, Han QF, Zhou X, Zhang LB, Deng T, Gong YZ, Huang JL, Huang R, Han CY, Yu TD, Su H, Ye XP, Peng T, Zhu GZ. Oncogene PLCE1 may be a diagnostic biomarker and prognostic biomarker by influencing cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7003-7017. [PMID: 32037547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy worldwide. HCC has traits of late diagnosis and high recurrence. This study explored potential diagnosis and prognosis significance of phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) in HCC. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and diagnostic value of PLCE1 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and online databases GEPIA, oncomine, and GSE14520 data set. Survival analysis used the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website. Cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed with downregulated PLCE1 expression in HCC-M and HepG2 cell lines. PLCE1 was differentially expressed and highly expressed in tumors and had low expression in nontumor tissues (all p < .05). The diagnostic value of PLCE1 was validated with the datasets (all p < .01, all areas under curves > 0.7). PLCE1 mRNA expression was associated with the overall and relapse-free survival (both p < .05). Functional experiments indicated that downregulation of PLCE1 expression led to increased G1 stage in cell cycle and decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with a negative control group (all p ≤ .05). The oncogene PLCE1 was differentially expressed in HCC and non-HCC tissues. It is a candidate for diagnosis and serves as prognosis biomarker. PLCE1 influenced survival by affecting the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng-Qian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan-Fa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Bo Zhang
- Department of Health Management and Division of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Teng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Lu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuang-Ye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Dong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Wang W, Wei C. Advances in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2020; 7:308-319. [PMID: 32884985 PMCID: PMC7452544 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers globally. In contrast to the declining death rates observed for all other common cancers such as breast, lung, and prostate cancers, the death rates for HCC continue to increase by ~2–3% per year because HCC is frequently diagnosed late and there is no curative therapy for an advanced HCC. The early diagnosis of HCC is truly a big challenge. Over the past years, the early diagnosis of HCC has relied on surveillance with ultrasonography (US) and serological assessments of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). However, the specificity and sensitivity of US/AFP is not satisfactory enough to detect early onset HCC. Recent technological advancements offer hope for early HCC diagnosis. Herein, we review the progress made in HCC diagnostics, with a focus on emerging imaging techniques and biomarkers for early disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- Xiamen Amplly Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chao Wei
- Xiamen Amplly Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Xiamen, PR China
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23
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Lai SC, Su YT, Chi CC, Kuo YC, Lee KF, Wu YC, Lan PC, Yang MH, Chang TS, Huang YH. DNMT3b/OCT4 expression confers sorafenib resistance and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through IL-6/STAT3 regulation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:474. [PMID: 31771617 PMCID: PMC6878666 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is critical for the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), which is highly associated with early tumor recurrence and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family is closely linked with OCT4 expression and drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanism regarding the interplay between DNMTs and IL-6-induced OCT4 expression and the sorafenib resistance of HCC remains largely unclear. METHODS HCC tissue samples were used to examine the association between DNMTs/OCT4 expression levels and clinical prognosis. Serum levels of IL-6 were detected using ELISA assays (n = 144). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed in cell lines and mouse xenograft models to determine the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that levels of DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3b) are significantly correlated with the OCT4 levels in HCC tissues (n = 144), and the OCT4 expression levels are positively associated with the serum IL-6 levels. Higher levels of IL-6, DNMT3b, or OCT4 predicted early HCC recurrence and poor prognosis. We show that IL-6/STAT3 activation increases DNMT3b/1 and OCT4 in HCC. Activated phospho-STAT3 (STAT-Y640F) significantly increased DNMT3b/OCT4, while dominant negative phospho-STAT3 (STAT-Y705F) was suppressive. Inhibiting DNMT3b with RNA interference or nanaomycin A (a selective DNMT3b inhibitor) effectively suppressed the IL-6 or STAT-Y640F-induced increase of DNMT3b-OCT4 and ALDH activity in vitro and in vivo. The fact that OCT4 regulates the DNMT1 expressions were further demonstrated either by OCT4 forced expression or DNMT1 silence. Additionally, the DNMT3b silencing reduced the OCT4 expression in sorafenib-resistant Hep3B cells with or without IL-6 treatment. Notably, targeting DNMT3b with nanaomycin A significantly increased the cell sensitivity to sorafenib, with a synergistic combination index (CI) in sorafenib-resistant Hep3B cells. CONCLUSIONS The DNMT3b plays a critical role in the IL-6-mediated OCT4 expression and the drug sensitivity of sorafenib-resistant HCC. The p-STAT3 activation increases the DNMT3b/OCT4 which confers the tumor early recurrence and poor prognosis of HCC patients. Findings from this study highlight the significance of IL-6-DNMT3b-mediated OCT4 expressions in future therapeutic target for patients expressing cancer stemness-related properties or sorafenib resistance in HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/biosynthesis
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Hep G2 Cells
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/biosynthesis
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics
- Prognosis
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sorafenib/pharmacology
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chi
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Taoyuan, 33305 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wu
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Lan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33382 Taiwan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
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24
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Fan X, Jin S, Li Y, Khadaroo PA, Dai Y, He L, Zhou D, Lin H. Genetic And Epigenetic Regulation Of E-Cadherin Signaling In Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8947-8963. [PMID: 31802937 PMCID: PMC6801489 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s225606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is well known as a growth and invasion suppressor and belongs to the large cadherin family. Loss of E-cadherin is widely known as the hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with the involvement of transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist and Zeb1/2. Tumor cells undergoing EMT could migrate to distant sites and become metastases. Recently, numerous studies have revealed how the expression of E-cadherin is regulated by different kinds of genetic and epigenetic alteration, which are implicated in several crucial transcription factors and pathways. E-cadherin signaling plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression considering the highly mutated frequency of CTNNB1 (27%). Combining the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and previous studies, we have summarized the roles of gene mutations, chromosome instability, DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA in E-cadherin in HCC. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the relationship between these modifications and HCC. Perspectives on E-cadherin-related research in HCC are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengxi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Parikshit Asutosh Khadaroo
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yili Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Wang L, Marek GW, Hlady RA, Wagner RT, Zhao X, Clark VC, Fan AX, Liu C, Brantly M, Robertson KD. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease, Mutational Homogeneity Modulated by Epigenetic Heterogeneity With Links to Obesity. Hepatology 2019; 70:51-66. [PMID: 30681738 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) liver disease is characterized by marked heterogeneity in presentation and progression, despite a common underlying gene mutation, strongly suggesting the involvement of other genetic and/or epigenetic modifiers. Variation in clinical phenotype has added to the challenge of detection, diagnosis, and testing of new therapies in patients with AATD. We examined the contribution of DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine [5mC]) to AATD liver disease heterogeneity because 5mC responds to environmental and genetic cues and its deregulation is a major driver of liver disease. Using liver biopsies from adults with early-stage AATD and the ZZ genotype, genome-wide 5mC patterns were interrogated. We compared DNA methylation among patients with early AATD, and among patients with normal liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma derived from multiple etiologic exposures, and linked patient clinical/demographic features. Global analysis revealed significant genomic hypomethylation in AATD liver-impacting genes related to liver cancer, cell cycle, and fibrosis, as well as key regulatory molecules influencing growth, migration, and immune function. Further analysis indicated that 5mC changes are localized, with hypermethylation occurring within a background of genome-wide 5mC loss and with patients with AATD manifesting distinct epigenetic landscapes despite their mutational homogeneity. By integrating clinical data with 5mC landscapes, we observed that CpGs differentially methylated among patients with AATD disease are linked to hallmark clinical features of AATD (e.g., hepatocyte degeneration and polymer accumulation) and further reveal links to well-known sex-specific effects of liver disease progression. Conclusion: Our data reveal molecular epigenetic signatures within this mutationally homogeneous group that point to ways to stratify patients for liver disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - George W Marek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virginia C Clark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alex Xiucheng Fan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for Individualized Medicine Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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26
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Wang S, Gribskov M. Transcriptome analysis identifies metallothionein as biomarkers to predict recurrence in hepatocellular cacinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e693. [PMID: 31056863 PMCID: PMC6565558 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major liver tumor type seen in adults. HCC is usually caused by chronic liver disease such as hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. One of the promising treatments for HCC is liver transplantation, in which a diseased liver is replaced with a healthy liver from another person. However, recurrence of HCC after surgery is a significant problem. Therefore, it is important to discover reliable cellular biomarkers that can predict recurrence in HCC. METHODS We analyzed previously published HCC RNA-Seq data that includes 21 paired tumor and normal samples, in which nine tumors were recurrent after orthotopic liver transplantation and 12 were nonrecurrent tumors with their paired normal samples. We used both the reference genome and de novo transcriptome assembly based analyses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) and used RandomForest to discover biomarkers. RESULTS We obtained 398 DEG using the Reference approach and 412 DEG using de novo assembly approach. Among these DEG, 258 genes were identified by both approaches. We further identified 30 biomarkers that could predict the recurrence. We used another independent HCC study that includes 50 patients normal and tumor samples. By using these 30 biomarkers, the prediction accuracy was 100% for normal condition and 98% for tumor condition. A group of Metallothionein was specifically discovered as biomarkers in both reference and de novo assembly approaches. CONCLUSION We identified a group of Metallothionein genes as biomarkers to predict recurrence. The metallothionein genes were all down-regulated in tumor samples, suggesting that low metallothionein expression may be a promoter of tumor growth. In addition, using de novo assembly identified some unique biomarkers, further confirmed the necessity of conducting a de novo assembly in human cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Wang
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Biomedical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Michael Gribskov
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Computer SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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27
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Li Z, Guo Z. Comparison of CDH1 Gene Hypermethylation Status in Blood and Serum among Gastric Cancer Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1057-1062. [PMID: 30989488 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypermethylation is epigenetic alteration, well known for gene silencing. CHD1 gene is known as invasion and tumor suppressor gene, decreased expression due to hypermethylation could promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Present study designed to investigate the CDH1 gene promoter hypermethylation status by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction in 100 newly diagnosed gastric cancer patients. 53% of hypermethylation was observed in DNA extracted from blood in Gastric cancer patients while 66% was observed in serum based DNA. Significant differences in CDH1gene promoter hypermethylation was observed in serum based DNA extracted from Gastric cancer patients. Patients in early stage (I & II) vs advanced stage (III & IV), distant organ metastases vs no metastases had 60% vs 7% and 42% 24% of CDH1 promoter hypermethylation in serum DNA (p = 0.006, 0.001) respectively. Patients who were with lymph node invasion, loss of appetite, loss of weight had 55%, 47%, 61% CDH1 gene promoter hypermethylation compare to who were not with lymph node invasion, loss of appetite, loss of weight had 11%, 19%, 5% of hypermethylation and these differences was found to be significant. Strong association was observed with overall median survival of patients (p < 0.0001). Patients who had CDH1 gene promoter hypermethylation in serum based DNA showed poor overall median survival (14.3 months) and unmethylated patients had better overall median survival (33.2 months). CDH1 hypermethylation status was found to be associated with advancement of disease, distant organ metastases and lymph node invasion in Gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Physical examination center, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Lanzhou petrochemical general hospital, Lanzhou, 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Medical section, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Lanzhou petrochemical general hospital, Lanzhou, 730060, Gansu, China.
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28
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Gurioli G, Martignano F, Salvi S, Costantini M, Gunelli R, Casadio V. GSTP1 methylation in cancer: a liquid biopsy biomarker? Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:702-717. [PMID: 29305565 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coding region of GSTP1 gene is preceded by a large CpG-rich region that is frequently affected by methylation. In many cancer types, GSTP1 is affected by hypermethylation and, as a consequence, it has a low expression. The aim of this review is to give an overview on GSTP1 methylation studies with a special focus on liquid biopsy, thus to summarize methods, results, sample types, different diseases, to have a complete information regarding this promising epigenetic biomarker. We used all the most valuable scientific search engines (PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science) searching the following keywords: GSTP1, methylation, cancer, urine, serum, plasma and blood. GSTP1 is a largely investigated tissue biomarker in several malignancies such as prostate, breast, lung and hepatocellular carcinoma with good performances especially for diagnostic purposes. As a liquid biopsy biomarker, it has been mainly investigated in prostate cancer (PCa) where it showed a high specificity but a low sensitivity; thus, it is recommended in combination with other biomarkers. Despite the large number of published papers and the promising results, GSTP1 has not yet entered the clinical practice even for PCa diagnosis. For this reason, further large and prospective studies are needed to validate this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Filippo Martignano
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Samanta Salvi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Matteo Costantini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Roberta Gunelli
- Department of Urology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forli, Italy
| | - Valentina Casadio
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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29
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Pasha HF, Mohamed RH, Radwan MI. RASSF1A and SOCS1 genes methylation status as a noninvasive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:241-247. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba F. Pasha
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Randa H. Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Radwan
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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30
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Wu X, Yao X, Cao Q, Wu Z, Wang Z, Liu F, Shen L. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of CDH1 hypermethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:857-864. [PMID: 30697077 PMCID: PMC6340500 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s179710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have poor prognosis due to being diagnosed at late stage or recurrence following surgery. It’s critical to identify effective biomarkers that can improve overall diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of all relative studies reporting the clinicopathological significance of CDH1 hypermethylation in HCC by using Review Manager 5.2. A comprehensive literature search was performed in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Kaplan Meier Plotter online database was used for the determination of correlation between CDH1 mRNA expression and overall survival in patients with HCC. Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A total of 12 relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis with 981 patients. Results The positive rate of CDH1 hypermethylation was significantly higher in HCC than in normal liver tissue; and the pooled OR was 4.34 with 95% CI 2.50–7.56, P<0.00001. CDH1 promoter in HCC was more frequently hypermethylated compared to the group of chronic liver disease (CLD); OR was 4.83 with 95% CI 2.67–8.72, P<0.00001. However, the rate of CDH1 promoter hypermethylation was not correlated with different grades as well as stages. High CDH1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated to better overall survival in all 231 HCC patients compared to 133 HCC patients with low level CDH1 mRNA expression; HR was 0.6 with 95% CI 0.42–0.85, P=0.0034. Conclusion In summary, CDH1 promoter hypermethylation is a risk factor and promising biomarker for HCC carcinogenesis and diagnosis, as well as a predictor of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuequan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qinhong Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhaojing Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fukun Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lizong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China,
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31
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Han TS, Ban HS, Hur K, Cho HS. The Epigenetic Regulation of HCC Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123978. [PMID: 30544763 PMCID: PMC6321007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, such as histone modification, DNA methylation, and miRNA-mediated processes, are critically associated with various mechanisms of proliferation and metastasis in several types of cancer. To overcome the side effects and limited effectiveness of drugs for cancer treatment, there is a continuous need for the identification of more effective drug targets and the execution of mechanism of action (MOA) studies. Recently, epigenetic modifiers have been recognized as important therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on their reported abilities to suppress HCC metastasis and proliferation in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Therefore, here, we introduce epigenetic modifiers and alterations related to HCC metastasis and proliferation, and their molecular mechanisms in HCC metastasis. The existing data suggest that the study of epigenetic modifiers is important for the development of specific inhibitors and diagnostic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Su Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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32
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Zhou Y, Wang XB, Qiu XP, Shuai Zhang, Wang C, Zheng F. CDKN2A promoter methylation and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:529-541. [PMID: 30143452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Lots of studies have explored cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) promoter methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the established results were controversial. Hence, we conducted the meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the association between CDKN2A promoter methylation and HCC risk. METHODS A comprehensive search was implemented through searching PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. Associations of CDKN2A promoter methylation with HCC risk, clinicopathological features, and CDKN2A expression were assessed by the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were served for exploring the potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 59 articles including 3067 cases and 2951 controls were incorporated in this meta-analysis. Overall, we observed a high CDKN2A promoter methylation rate (58.18%) in HCC and a significant association between the methylation and HCC risk (OR, 7.07; 95% CI, 5.67-8.80). Furthermore, CDKN2A promoter methylation was robustly associated with decreased mRNA (OR, 13.89; 95% CI, 5.44-35.45) and protein (OR, 48.19; 95% CI, 5.56-417.29). In addition, we found the methylation was related with HBV infection (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.47-7.47), HCV infection (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.80-4.23), cirrhosis status (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.01-2.44) and older age (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.14-2.94). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that CDKN2A promoter methylation was associated with an enhancive HCC risk and played a crucial role in the process of HCC with a potential value to being a triage marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China
| | - Xue-Ping Qiu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China.
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33
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Chen M, Du D, Zheng W, Liao M, Zhang L, Liang G, Gong M. Small hepatitis delta antigen selectively binds to target mRNA in hepatic cells: a potential mechanism by which hepatitis D virus downregulates glutathione S-transferase P1 and induces liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:130-139. [PMID: 30153423 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver coinfection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) can result in a severe form of hepatocellular carcinoma with poor prognosis. Coinfection with HDV and HBV causes more deleterious effects than infection with HBV alone. Clinical research has shown that glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), a tumor suppressor gene, is typically downregulated in liver samples from hepatitis-infected patients. In the present study, our data indicated that small HDV antigen (s-HDAg) could specifically bind to GSTP1 mRNA and significantly downregulate GSTP1 protein expression. For the human fetal hepatocyte cell line L-02, cells transfected with s-HDAg, along with decreased GSTP1 expression, there was a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased apoptotic ratios. Restoring GSTP1 expression through silencing s-HDAg via RNAi or overexpressing exogenous GSTP1 could largely recover the abnormal cell status. Our results revealed a novel potential mechanism of HDV-induced liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis: s-HDAg can inhibit GSTP1 expression by directly binding to GSTP1 mRNA, which leads to accumulation of cellular ROS, resulting in high cellular apoptotic ratios and increased selective pressure for malignant transformation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine s-HDAg-specific pathogenic mechanisms through potential protein-RNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianzhi Chen
- a Huaxi-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Du
- a Huaxi-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- a Huaxi-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingheng Liao
- b Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- a Huaxi-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ge Liang
- a Huaxi-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Gong
- a Huaxi-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Huang Y, Wei L, Zhao RC, Liang WB, Zhang J, Ding XQ, Li ZL, Sun CJ, Li B, Liu QY, He JY, Yu XQ, Gao B, Chen MM, Sun AM, Qin Y. Predicting hepatocellular carcinoma development for cirrhosis patients via methylation detection of heparocarcinogenesis-related genes. J Cancer 2018; 9:2203-2210. [PMID: 29937940 PMCID: PMC6010674 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have undergone a progression from chronic hepatitis, then liver cirrhosis (LC), and finally to carcinoma. The objective of this study was to elucidate risk factors to predict HCC development for cirrhosis patients. Methods: Multiple methylated specific PCR (MSP) was applied to determine methylation status of heparocarcinogenesis-related genes in 396 tissue and plasma specimens and multivariate cox model was used to analyze the relationship between risk variables and HCC development among cirrhosis patients, followed up in a median period of 30 months. Results: Among 105 LC cases, HCC incidence rate at 30 months was 30.48% (32/105), which were statistically associated with patients' age and aberrant methylation of p16, SFRP, and LINE1 (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the overall predictive accuracy reached the highest (90.7%) if the four risk variables were concurrent to predict HCC development. Moreover, along with the growth of age from 0-40, 40-55, to 55-70 years or the increased number of aberrantly-methylated gene from 0-1 to 2-3, the HCC incidence rate of cirrhosis patients rised from 10.00%, 12.28% to 82.14% and 17.44% to 89.47%, separately. Thus, based on combined analysis with diverse age and number of aberrantly-methylated gene, 105 cases were divided into five groups and computed their respective HCC incidecne rate to categorize them into different risk groups. Of note, A significant lifting of HCC incidence rate in the high-risk group (40-55 years coupled with 2-3 aberrantly-methylated genes, 55-70 years coupled with 0-1 aberrantly-methylated gene, 55-70 years coupled with 2-3 aberrantly-methylated genes; n=33) was observed compared with the low-risk group (0-40 years coupled with 0-1 aberrantly-methylated gene, 40-55 years coupled with 0-1 aberrantly-methylated gene; (n=72) (p<0.01). Conclusions: Ultimately, high-risk cirrhosis patients with 55-over years or 2-3 aberrantly-methylated genes should be paid more attention to be regularly screened with HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong-Ce Zhao
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Wei-Bo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Qin Ding
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Long Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing-Yang He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Analytical & testing center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming-Mei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ai-Min Sun
- Analytical & testing center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wong CC, Li W, Chan B, Yu J. Epigenomic biomarkers for prognostication and diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 55:90-105. [PMID: 29665409 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered epigenetic regulation is central to many human diseases, including cancer. Over the past two decade, major advances have been made in our understanding of the role of epigenetic alterations in carcinogenesis, particularly for DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Aberrant hypermethylation of DNA at CpG islands is a well-established phenomenon that mediates transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes, and it is an early event integral to gastrointestinal cancer development. As such, detection of aberrant DNA methylation is being developed as biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic purposes in gastrointestinal cancers. Diverse tissue types are suitable for the analyses of methylated DNA, such as tumor tissues, blood, plasma, and stool, and some of these markers are already utilized in the clinical setting. Recent advances in the genome-wide epigenomic approaches are enabling the comprehensive mapping of the cancer methylome, thus providing new avenues for mining novel biomarkers for disease prognosis and diagnosis. Here, we review the current knowledge on DNA methylation biomarkers for the prognostication and non-invasive diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers and highlight their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bertina Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Hamamoto H, Maemura K, Matsuo K, Taniguchi K, Tanaka Y, Futaki S, Takeshita A, Asai A, Hayashi M, Hirose Y, Kondo Y, Uchiyama K. Delta-like 3 is silenced by HBx via histone acetylation in HBV-associated HCCs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4842. [PMID: 29555949 PMCID: PMC5859037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. We previously showed that expression of Delta-like 3 (DLL3), a member of the family of Delta/Serrate/Lag2 ligands for the Notch receptor, is silenced by aberrant DNA methylation and that overexpression of DLL3 in an HCC cell line induces cellular apoptosis. However, how DLL3 expression is regulated during hepatocarcinogenesis is still unclear. Here, we show that silencing of DLL3 during hepatocarcinogenesis is closely related to viral infection, especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (p = 0.005). HepG2.2.15 cells, which are stably transformed with the HBV genome, showed lower DLL3 expression than the parent cell line, HepG2 cells. Treatment with Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) small interfering RNA upregulated DLL3 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells, and overexpression of HBx in HepG2 cells downregulated DLL3 expression. Treatment of cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor induced DLL3 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells. These data suggest that DLL3 expression is silenced during hepatocarcinogenesis in association with HBV infection via an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hamamoto
- Departments of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Maemura
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuo
- Departments of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Departments of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tanaka
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Sugiko Futaki
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeshita
- Departments of Pathology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hayashi
- Departments of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hirose
- Departments of Pathology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kondo
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchiyama
- Departments of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
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Cheng XK, Yu GZ, Li XD, Ren XQ. Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on suppression of raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1132-1140. [PMID: 27902472 PMCID: PMC5352041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been shown to be a suppressor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and is reported to be involved in human malignancy. However, the molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in regulating RKIP expression is not yet clarified. In this study, we compared RKIP expression in 107 pairs of matched liver cancer and adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues. Among seven HBV-encoded proteins, we found HBV X (HBX) protein could significantly inhibit the expression level of RKIP, indicating that HBV could suppress RKIP expression through regulating HBX. To further elucidate the mechanism, analyses on transcriptional regulation and promoter methylation inhibition were conducted in Huh7 cells. Our results showed that HBX can interact with AP1 protein to inhibit the RKIP transcription. Moreover, we observed that the promoter methylation level of RKIP could be enhanced by HBV. In conclusion, our study revealed that RKIP could act as a molecular marker for HBV-infected liver cancer, but had no tumor-suppressing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Cheng
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China.,Department of Urology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Qun Ren
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
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Clinical and biological significance of miR-23b and miR-193a in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6955-6969. [PMID: 28036298 PMCID: PMC5351682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer of the liver with a very poor prognosis. The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) is indeed implicated in HCC onset and progression. In this study, we have evaluated the expression of miR-23b and miR-193a in a large cohort of 59 and 67 HCC patients, respectively. miR-23b and miR-193a resulted significantly down-regulated in primary HCCs compared to their matched peritumoral counterparts. Furthermore, patients with higher miR-193a expression exhibited longer OS and DFS, suggesting that miR-193a may be a molecular prognostic factor for HCC patients. Since the regulation of miRs by DNA methylation may occur in human cancers, we verified whether the down-modulation of miR-23b and miR-193a in HCC tissues could be related to DNA methylation. An inverse trend between miR-23b expression and DNA methylation was observed, indicating that miR-23b can be epigenetically regulated. By contrast, the down-regulation of miR-193a was not mediated by DNA methylation. To verify the potential role of miR-23b and miR-193a as responsive molecular targets in vitro, we used the inhibitor of DNA methylation 5-aza-dC to restore miR-23b expression level in combination with miR-193a transfection. The combined treatment led to a significant inhibition of cellular proliferation and migration. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that miR-23b and miR-193a may be molecular diagnostic and prognostic factors for HCC; furthermore, miR-23b and miR-193a are responsive molecular targets for limiting HCC cell aggressiveness in combination with the epigenetic drug 5-aza-dC. Moreover, our results provide new advances in the epigenetic regulation of these miRs in HCC.
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Wang Y, Tian Y, Lin J, Chen L, Wang L, Hao P, Han R, Ying M, Li X, Tang X. Assessment of p16 expression and HPV infection in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Mol Vis 2018; 24:143-152. [PMID: 29430168 PMCID: PMC5802570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the lacrimal gland is a rare malignancy. P16 is encoded by the CDKN2A gene, which is recognized as a tumor suppressor due to its inactivation in many types of tumors. However, p16 overexpression is also linked to adverse tumor parameters. These contradictory observations have also been confirmed in ACCs in the salivary glands. Furthermore, evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is found in a proportion of ACCs in the salivary glands. P16 is often overexpressed in HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma in parallel. To our knowledge, the role of p16 and HPV in ACCs in the lacrimal gland is still unknown. Methods Twenty-one ACCs in the lacrimal gland and ten matched healthy lacrimal glands were studied. P16 was detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and HPV was detected with in situ hybridization (ISH) and PCR in all cases. Other cell cycle proteins were also detected with IHC, including cyclin D1 and Ki67. The methylation status of the p16 promoter was detected with methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to further investigate the regulation of p16 expression. Results The expression rates of p16 (47.6%, 10/21), cyclin D1 (100%, 21/21), and Ki67 (52.4%, 11/21) were increased in ACCs compared to healthy lacrimal glands (negative). The results showed p16 expression was limited to the inner ductal epithelial cells in the majority of the tubular and cribriform patterns. In solid ACCs, p16 was uniformly positive. HPV was negative in all 21 cases with ISH and PCR. P16 overexpression was associated with cyclin D1 overexpression (p=0.013). Only 13 cases were tested successfully with MSP. The expression rate of p16 methylation was 23.1% (3/13) of the ACCs. Compared with primary ACCs, recurrent ACCs showed higher p16, cyclin D1, and Ki67 expression (p=0.011, p=0.026, p=0.049, respectively). Conclusions In summary, p16 overexpression was cell-type dependent in ACCs in the lacrimal gland, while HPV infection was negative. P16 overexpression was unrelated to HPV infection. The mechanism of p16 overexpression needs to be further investigated in ACCs in the lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyong Lin
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luxia Chen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Ying
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Fang F, Wang X, Song T. Five-CpG-based prognostic signature for predicting survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:425-433. [PMID: 30766752 PMCID: PMC6372912 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Early diagnosis plays an important role in the improvement of HCC prognosis. Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of HCC DNA methylation and gene expression datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to identify a prognostic signature for HCC diagnosis and survival prediction. First, we identified differential methylation CpG (dmCpG) sites in HCC samples and compared them with those in adjacent normal liver tissues; this was followed by univariate analysis and Sure Independence Screening (SIS) in the training set. The robustness of the identified prognostic signature was evaluated using the testing set. To explore the biological processes involved in HCC progression, we also performed functional enrichment analysis for overlapping genes between genes containing dmCpG sites (DMGs) and differential expression genes (DEGs) in HCC patients, using data from the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Results: As a result, we identified five CpG sites that were significantly associated with HCC survival through univariate analysis and SIS. Univariate analysis of clinical characteristics identified age and risk factors (including alcohol consumption and smoking) as independent factors that indicated HCC survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that the integrated prognostic signature (weighted combination of the five CpG sites) that took age and risk factors into consideration resulted in more accurate survival prediction. Conclusions: This study provides a novel signature for predicting HCC survival, and should be helpful for early HCC diagnosis and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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A Large Set of miRNAs Is Dysregulated from the Earliest Steps of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:785-794. [PMID: 29248455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically results from a stepwise process characterized by the development of premalignant lesions, such as low- or high-grade dysplastic nodules (LGDNs and HGDNs, respectively), in a cirrhotic setting. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression that can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Whether and which miRNAs are involved in the early stages of HCC development remains elusive. Here, small-RNA sequencing was applied to profile miRNA expression in 55 samples (cirrhotic nodules; CNs), LGDNs, HGDNs, early HCCs, and small progressed HCCs, obtained from 17 patients bearing HCCs of different etiologies. An miRNA expression signature of 62 miRNAs distinguishing small progressed HCCs from matched CNs was identified. Interestingly, 52 of these miRNAs discriminated CNs from LGDNs/HGDNs, regardless of etiology, and remained modified along the tumorigenic process. Functional analysis of the predicted mRNA targets of deregulated miRNAs identified common modifications between the early and late stages of HCC development likely involved in the stepwise process of HCC development. Our results demonstrate that miRNA deregulation happens very early in HCC in humans, implying their crucial role in the tumorigenic process. The identification of miRNAs discriminating CNs from neoplastic nodules may have relevant translational implications in early diagnosis.
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Choi JI, Cho EH, Kim SB, Kim R, Kwon J, Park M, Shin HJ, Ryu HS, Park SH, Lee KH. Promoter methylation of cysteine dioxygenase type 1: gene silencing and tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2017; 21:181-187. [PMID: 29264579 PMCID: PMC5736736 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2017.21.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) acts as a tumor suppressor and is silenced by promoter methylation in various malignancies. The relationship between the CDO1 methylation status and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis was evaluated. Methods Using a HCC cell line (SNU423), an in vitro demethylation study was performed to confirm whether promoter methylation causes CDO1 down-regulation. The SNU423 cells transfected with the CDO1 cell function was compared to that of naïve cells. An in vivo study using immunohistochemical staining of HCC specimens that were collected from patients who underwent curative liver resection was also performed. Results CDO1 was activated after demethylation treatment in the HCC specimens. Moreover, tumor cell proliferation, colony-forming, migration, and invasion activities significantly decreased after CDO1 transfection (p<0.05). The percentage of tumors that were larger than 5 cm was higher in patients who had a lower expression of CDO1 (p=0.030). Vascular invasion and histological grade were independent prognostic factors for poor overall and recurrence-free survival. The degree of CDO1 expression was not an independent prognostic factor in this study's population. Conclusions These results suggested that methylation down-regulated CDO1 expression in the HCC cells. CDO1 methylation may be a potentially valuable diagnostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Choi
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung-Ho Cho
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryounggo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dongnam Institution of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Junhye Kwon
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Misun Park
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Shin
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hoo Park
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medication Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Brar TS, Hilgenfeldt E, Soldevila-Pico C. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68082-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lv X, Ye G, Zhang X, Huang T. p16 Methylation was associated with the development, age, hepatic viruses infection of hepatocellular carcinoma, and p16 expression had a poor survival: A systematic meta-analysis (PRISMA). Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8106. [PMID: 28930859 PMCID: PMC5617726 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of tumor suppressor gene p16 expression via promoter methylation has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between p16 methylation and HCC. Additionally, we also analyzed the potential prognostic role of p16 methylation, expression or alteration-associated HCC. METHODS Online databases based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline were performed to analyze the role of p16 gene in HCC. The combined odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were summarized. RESULTS Final 3105 HCCs and 808 non-tumor controls (chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis) were performed in this meta-analysis. p16 promoter methylation in HCC was significantly higher than in chronic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis in tissue and blood samples. In addition, p16 promoter methylation was notably higher in patients >50 years' old than in patients aged <50 years, and it was higher in hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive HCC than in hepatic viruses-negative HCC. However, p16 promoter methylation was not correlated with sex, cirrhosis, tumor differentiation, clinical stage. No association was found between p16 methylation or alteration and the prognosis of patients with HCC in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Although p16 expression was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis in OS and DFS (P < .05) CONCLUSIONS:: Our results indicate that p16 methylation was linked to the development, age, HBV, and HCV infection of HCC. p16 methylation or alteration was not associated with the prognosis, but p16 expression was linked to a poor survival.
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Liu D, Liu P, Cao L, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Screening the key genes of hepatocellular adenoma via microarray analysis of DNA expression and methylation profiles. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3975-3980. [PMID: 28943905 PMCID: PMC5605960 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the biomarkers involved in the development of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) through integrated analysis of gene expression and methylation microarray. The microarray dataset GSE7473, containing HNF1α-mutated HCA and their corresponding non-tumor livers, 5 HNF1α-mutated HCA and 4 non-related non-tumor livers, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DNA methylation profile GSE43091, consisting of 50 HCA and 4 normal liver tissues, was also downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma package of R. A t-test was conducted on the differentially methylated sites. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Analysis. The genes corresponding to the differentially methylated sites were obtained by the annotation files of methylation chip platform. A total of 182 DEGs and 3,902 differentially methylated sites were identified in HCA. In addition, 238 enriched GO terms, including organic acid metabolic process and carboxylic acid metabolic process, and 14 KEGG pathways, including chemical carcinogenesis, were identified. Furthermore, 12 DEGs were identified to contain differentially methylated sites, among which, 8 overlapped genes, including pregnancy zone protein and solute carrier family 22 member 1 (SLC22A1), exhibited inverse associations between gene expression levels and DNA methylation levels. The DNA methylation levels may be potential targets of HCA. The present study revealed that the 8 overlapped genes, including annexin A2, chitinase 3-like 1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, mal, T-cell differentiation protein like, palladin, cytoskeletal associated protein, plasmalemma vesicle associated protein and SLC22A1, may be potential therapeutic targets of HCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino-US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Liye Cao
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of VIP Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
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Chen D, Jain S, Su YH, Song W. Building Classification Models with Combined Biomarker Tests: Application to Early Detection of Liver Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5:91-103. [PMID: 29152526 DOI: 10.17265/2328-224x/2017.0506.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for the effective treatment. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) serum level is currently used for HCC screening, but the cutoff of the AFP test has limited sensitivity (~50%), indicating a high false negative rate. We have successfully demonstrated that cancer derived DNA biomarkers can be detected in urine of patients with cancer and can be used for the early detection of cancer (Jain et al., 2015; Lin et al., 2011; Song et al., 2012; Su, Lin, Song, & Jain, 2014; Su, Wang, Norton, Brenner, & Block, 2008). By combining urine biomarkers (uBMK) values and serum AFP (sAFP) level, a new classification model has been proposed for more efficient HCC screening. Several criterions have been discussed to optimal the cutoff for uBMK score and sAFP score. A joint distribution of sAFP and uBMK with point mass has been fitted using maximum likelihood method. Numerical results show that the sAFP data and uBMK data are very well described by proposed model. A tree-structured sequential test can be optimized by selecting the cutoffs. Bootstrap simulations also show the robust classification results with the optimal cutoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Chen
- Biostatistics, Janssen R&D, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Surbhi Jain
- Biomarkers, JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Ying-Hsu Su
- Biomarkers, The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Biomarkers, JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
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Mansour LA, El Raziky M, Mohamed AA, Mahmoud EH, Hamdy S, El Sayed EH. Circulating Hypermethylated RASSF1A as a Molecular Biomarker for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1637-1643. [PMID: 28670882 PMCID: PMC6373823 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.6.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detection of circulating DNA can be applied for the diagnosis of many malignant neoplasms, including the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular pathogenesis of HCC is complex, involving different genetic and epigenetic alterations, chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations and altered molecular pathways. RASSF1A is a well-established tumor suppressor gene which suffers frequent inactivation due to promoter hypermethylation of CPG islands in multiple tumors including HCC, resulting in the reduction or loss of gene expression. Objective: To examine the role of circulating RASSF1A as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for HCC. Participant and Methods: A total of 45 HCC patients with a background of HCV infection, 40 cases of HCV infection without tumours and 40 apparently healthy controls were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, assessment of serum AFP and detection of circulating hypermethylated RASSF1A gene by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion and real-time PCR. Results: The level of hypermethylated RASSF1A was significantly elevated in the HCC group as compared to the HCV and control groups (p=0.001 for both). Copy number in serum was associated with increased tumor size (p value <0.001). On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed between RASSF1A and AFP (p=0.5). Using ROC curve analysis, the best cut-off for circulating serum RASSF1A to differentiate the HCC group was 8 copies/µl. Conclusion: The presence of hypermethylated RASSF1A in serum may be a useful and informative biomarker for HCC diagnosis and might be introduced as a screening method for populations at risk of HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Mansour
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Chu Y, Fan W, Guo W, Zhang Y, Wang L, Guo L, Duan X, Wei J, Xu G. miR-1247-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting Wnt3. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:343-351. [PMID: 28586038 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) may participate in the genesis and progression of tumors. Several studies have indicated that miR-1247-5p plays different roles in various types of cancer cells. The effects of miR-1247-5p on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are elusive. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-1247-5p on the progression of HCC. The transcript of miR-1247-5p was markedly downregulated in clinical samples of patients with HCC and HCC cell lines, and ectopic overexpression of miR‑1247-5p markedly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells, induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppressed the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo. Wnt3 was found to be a potential target of miR-1247-5p and overexpression of miR-1247-5p was able to significantly downregulate the expression of Wnt3 by directly targeting the 3'UTR of this gene, which was verified by luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. Furthermore, we found that the miR-1247-5p gene was hypermethylated in HepG2 cells, and the transcript of miR-1247-5p was increased significantly after treatment with the demethylation drug 5-azacytidine. These findings demonstrated that miR-1247-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in human HCC by targeting Wnt3 and that the expression of miR-1247-5p can be regulated by DNA methylation, which indicates that miR-1247-5p has the potential to be a therapeutic target as well as a diagnostic marker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankui Chu
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Weining Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Le Guo
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguo Duan
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Howell JA, Khan SA, Knapp S, Thursz MR, Sharma R. The clinical role of circulating free tumor DNA in gastrointestinal malignancy. Transl Res 2017; 183:137-154. [PMID: 28056336 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is DNA released from necrotic or apoptotic cells into the bloodstream. While both healthy cells and cancer cells release cfDNA, tumors are associated with higher levels of tumor-derived circulating cell-free DNA (ctDNA) detectable in blood. Absolute levels of ctDNA and its genetic mutations and epigenetic changes show promise as potentially useful biomarkers of tumor biology, progression, and response to therapy. Moreover, studies have demonstrated the discriminative accuracy of ctDNA levels for diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer compared with benign inflammatory diseases. Therefore, ctDNA detected in blood offers a minimally invasive and easily repeated "liquid biopsy" of cancer, facilitating real-time dynamic analysis of tumor behavior that could revolutionize both clinical and research practices in oncology. In this review, we provide a critical summary of the evidence for the utility of ctDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Howell
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK; Centre for Population Health, MacFarlane-Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shahid A Khan
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Susanne Knapp
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Zhu C, Feng X, Ye G, Huang T. Meta-analysis of possible role of cadherin gene methylation in evolution and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with a PRISMA guideline. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6650. [PMID: 28422868 PMCID: PMC5406084 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadherins (CDHs) have been reported to be associated with cancer. However, the clinical significance of CDH gene methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. METHODS Based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria, available studies were identified from online electronic database. The overall odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 29 eligible studies with 2562 HCC samples and 1685 controls were included. E-cadherin (CDH1) hypermethylation was observed to be significantly higher in HCC than in benign, adjacent, or normal samples. Moreover, CDH1 hypermethylation was not associated with gender, tumor grade, clinical stage, hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HCC patients. H-cadherin (CDH13), protocadherin-10 (PCDH10), P-cadherin (CDH3), and M-cadherin (CDH15) methylation may have an increased risk of HCC in fewer than 4 studies, and methylated cadherin 8, type 2 (CDH8) and OB-cadherin (CDH11) had a similar OR in HCC and adjacent samples. When HCC samples were compared with normal samples, the analysis of sample type revealed a significantly higher OR in normal blood samples than in normal tissues for hypermethylated CDH1 (50.82 vs 4.44). CONCLUSION CDH1 hypermethylation may play a key role in the carcinogenesis of HCC. However, CDH1 hypermethylation was not correlated with clinicopathological features. Methylated CDH13, PCDH10, CDH3, and CDH15, but not methylated CDH8 or CDH11, may lead to an increased risk of HCC. Hypermethylated CDH1 may become a noninvasive blood biomarker. Further studies with more data are necessary.
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