1
|
Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhong X, Zhang R, Yang S, Jin J, Lyu C, Fan J, Shi B, Zhu K, Xiao Y, Lin N, Ma D, Tou J, Shu Q, Lai D. RNF31-mediated IKKα ubiquitination aggravates inflammation and intestinal injury through regulating NF-κB activation in human and mouse neonates. Life Sci 2024; 352:122893. [PMID: 38971367 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of intestine inflammatory disease, and macrophage is significantly activated during NEC development. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, particularly ubiquitination, play critical roles in immune response. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ubiquitin-modified proteins on macrophage activation and NEC, and discover novel NEC-related inflammatory proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteomic and ubiquitin proteomic analyses of intestinal macrophages in NEC/healthy mouse pups were carried out. In vitro macrophage inflammation model and in vivo NEC mouse model, as well as clinical human samples were used for further verification the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase α (IKKα) ubiquitination on NEC development through Western blot, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS We report here that IKKα was a new ubiquitin-modified protein during NEC through ubiquitin proteomics, and RING finger protein 31 (RNF31) acted as an E3 ligase to be involved in IKKα degradation. Inhibition of IKKα ubiquitination and degradation with siRNF31 or proteasome inhibitor decreased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, thereby decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and M1 macrophage polarization, resulting in reliving the severity of NEC. SIGNIFICANCE Our study suggests the activation of RNF31-IKKα-NF-κB axis triggering NEC development and suppressing RNF31-mediated IKKα degradation may be therapeutic strategies to be developed for NEC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuebai Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Tian
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Lyu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Perioperative and Systems Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang, China; Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jinfa Tou
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dengming Lai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong Z, He W, Lin G, Chen X, Cao S, Guan T, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Qi M, Guo B, Zhou Z, Zhuo R, Wu R, Liu M, Liu Y. Histone acetyltransferase KAT2A modulates neural stem cell differentiation and proliferation by inducing degradation of the transcription factor PAX6. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103020. [PMID: 36791914 PMCID: PMC10011063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and differentiation rely on proper expression and post-translational modification of transcription factors involved in the determination of cell fate. Further characterization is needed to connect modifying enzymes with their transcription factor substrates in the regulation of these processes. Here, we demonstrated that the inhibition of KAT2A, a histone acetyltransferase, leads to a phenotype of small eyes in the developing embryo of zebrafish, which is associated with enhanced proliferation and apoptosis of NSCs in zebrafish eyes. We confirmed that this phenotype is mediated by the evaluated level of PAX6 protein. We further verified that KAT2A negatively regulates PAX6 at the protein level in cultured neural stem cells of rat cerebral cortex. We revealed that PAX6 is a novel acetylation substrate of KAT2A, and the acetylation of PAX6 promotes its ubiquitination mediated by the E3 ligase RNF8 that facilitated PAX6 degradation. Our study proposes that KAT2A inhibition results in accelerated proliferation, delayed differentiation, or apoptosis, depending on the context of PAX6 dosage. Thus, the KAT2A/PAX6 axis plays an essential role to keep a balance between the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangji Dong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Sixian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Tuchen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Mengwei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Run Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith SJ, Fabian L, Sheikh A, Noche R, Cui X, Moore SA, Dowling JJ. Lysosomes and the pathogenesis of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:733-747. [PMID: 34568901 PMCID: PMC9989739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A), the most common congenital muscular dystrophy in Western countries, is caused by recessive mutations in LAMA2, the gene encoding laminin alpha 2. Currently, no cure or disease modifying therapy has been successfully developed for MDC1A. Examination of patient muscle biopsies revealed altered distribution of lysosomes. We hypothesized that this redistribution was a novel and potentially druggable aspect of disease pathogenesis. We explored this hypothesis using candyfloss (caf), a zebrafish model of MDC1A. We found that lysosome distribution in caf zebrafish was also abnormal. This altered localization was significantly associated with fiber detachment and could be prevented by blocking myofiber detachment. Overexpression of transcription factor EB, a transcription factor that promotes lysosomal biogenesis, led to increased lysosome content and decreased fiber detachment. We conclude that genetic manipulation of the lysosomal compartment is able to alter the caf zebrafish disease process, suggesting that lysosome function may be a target for disease modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2R 0X7, Alberta
| | - Lacramioara Fabian
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Adeel Sheikh
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ramil Noche
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Zebrafish Genetics and Disease Models Core Facility, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiucheng Cui
- Zebrafish Genetics and Disease Models Core Facility, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ellwood RA, Piasecki M, Szewczyk NJ. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094891. [PMID: 34063069 PMCID: PMC8125261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has been used extensively to enhance our understanding of the human neuromuscular disorder Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). With new arising clinically relevant models, technologies and treatments, there is a need to reconcile the literature and collate the key findings associated with this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Ellwood
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (R.A.E.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (R.A.E.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (R.A.E.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurologic Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leng L, Dong X, Gao X, Ran N, Geng M, Zuo B, Wu Y, Li W, Yan H, Han G, Yin H. Exosome-mediated improvement in membrane integrity and muscle function in dystrophic mice. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1459-1470. [PMID: 33333294 PMCID: PMC8058444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic disorder that leads to compromised cellular membranes, caused by the absence of membrane-bound dystrophin protein. Muscle membrane leakage results in disrupted intracellular homeostasis, protein degradation, and muscle wasting. Improving muscle membrane integrity may delay disease progression and extend the lifespan of DMD patients. Here, we demonstrate that exosomes, membranous extracellular vesicles, can elicit functional improvements in dystrophic mice by improving muscle membrane integrity. Systemic administration of exosomes from different sources induced phenotypic rescue and mitigated pathological progression in dystrophic mice without detectable toxicity. Improved membrane integrity conferred by exosomes inhibited intracellular calcium influx and calcium-dependent activation of calpain proteases, preventing the degradation of the destabilized dystrophin-associated protein complex. We show that exosomes, particularly myotube-derived exosomes, induced functional improvements and alleviated muscle deterioration by stabilizing damaged muscle membrane in dystrophic mice. Our findings suggest that exosomes may have therapeutic implications for DMD and other diseases with compromised membranes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calpain/genetics
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cell Membrane/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Exosomes/genetics
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Peptide Hydrolases/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Leng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xianjun Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ning Ran
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mengyuan Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bingfeng Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Technology, Tianjin Ever Union Biotechnology, Tianjin 301900, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Gang Han
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - HaiFang Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China; School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road, Tianjin 300203, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Micheletto MLJ, Hermes TDA, Bertassoli BM, Petri G, Perez MM, Fonseca FLA, Carvalho AADS, Feder D. Ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, exhibits potential effect in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:11-21. [PMID: 33296126 PMCID: PMC7839951 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin deficiency makes the sarcolemma fragile and susceptible to degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The proteasome is a multimeric protease complex and is central to the regulation of cellular proteins. Previous studies have shown that proteasome inhibition improved pathological changes in mdx mice. Ixazomib is the first oral proteasome inhibitor used as a therapy in multiple myeloma. This study investigated the effects of ixazomib on the dystrophic muscle of mdx mice. MDX mice were treated with ixazomib (7.5 mg/kg/wk by gavage) or 0.2 mL of saline for 12 weeks. The Kondziela test was performed to measure muscle strength. The tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm (DIA) muscles were used for morphological analysis, and blood samples were collected for biochemical measurement. We observed maintenance of the muscle strength in the animals treated with ixazomib. Treatment with ixazomib had no toxic effect on the mdx mouse. The morphological analysis showed a reduction in the inflammatory area and fibres with central nuclei in the TA and DIA muscles and an increase in the number of fibres with a diameter of 20 µm2 in the DIA muscle after treatment with ixazomib. There was an increase in the expression of dystrophin and utrophin in the TA and DIA muscles and a reduction in the expression of osteopontin and TGF-β in the DIA muscle of mdx mice treated with ixazomib. Ixazomib was thus shown to increase the expression of dystrophin and utrophin associated with improved pathological and functional changes in the dystrophic muscles of mdx mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tulio de Almeida Hermes
- Departament of Morphology and PhysiologyMedical Faculty of the ABCSanto AndréBrazil
- Departament of AnatomyFederal University of AlfenasAlfenasBrazil
| | | | - Giuliana Petri
- Departament of Morphology and PhysiologyMedical Faculty of the ABCSanto AndréBrazil
| | | | | | | | - David Feder
- Departament of Morphology and PhysiologyMedical Faculty of the ABCSanto AndréBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernández-Simón E, Lleixà C, Suarez-Calvet X, Diaz-Manera J, Illa I, Gallardo E, de Luna N. Proteasome inhibitors reduce thrombospondin-1 release in human dysferlin-deficient myotubes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:784. [PMID: 33246442 PMCID: PMC7697384 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysferlinopathies are a group of muscle disorders causing muscle weakness and absence or low levels of dysferlin, a type-II transmembrane protein and the causative gene of these dystrophies. Dysferlin is implicated in vesicle fusion, trafficking, and membrane repair. Muscle biopsy of patients with dysferlinopathy is characterized by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. Studies in the muscle of both human and mouse models of dysferlinopathy suggest dysferlin deficient muscle plays a role in this inflammation by releasing thrombospondin-1. It has also been reported that vitamin D3 treatment enhances dysferlin expression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system recognizes and removes proteins that fail to fold or assemble properly and previous studies suggest that its inhibition could have a therapeutic effect in muscle dystrophies. Here we assessed whether inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system prevented degradation of dysferlin in immortalized myoblasts from a patients with two missense mutations in exon 44. Methods To assess proteasome inhibition we treated dysferlin deficient myotubes with EB1089, a vitamin D3 analog, oprozomib and ixazomib. Western blot was performed to analyze the effect of these treatments on the recovery of dysferlin and myogenin expression. TSP-1 was quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze the effect of these drugs on its release. A membrane repair assay was designed to assess the ability of treated myotubes to recover after membrane injury and fusion index was also measured with the different treatments. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey post hoc test and analysis of variance. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Treatment with proteasome inhibitors and EB1089 resulted in a trend towards an increase in dysferlin and myogenin expression. Furthermore, EB1089 and proteasome inhibitors reduced the release of TSP-1 in myotubes. However, no effect was observed on the repair of muscle membrane after injury. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system might not be the main mechanism of mutant dysferlin degradation. However, its inhibition could help to improve muscle inflammation by reducing TSP-1 release. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03756-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Fernández-Simón
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Lleixà
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Suarez-Calvet
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Noemí de Luna
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kitajima Y, Yoshioka K, Suzuki N. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in regulation of the skeletal muscle homeostasis and atrophy: from basic science to disorders. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:40. [PMID: 32938372 PMCID: PMC10717345 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant and highly plastic tissues. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is recognised as a major intracellular protein degradation system, and its function is important for muscle homeostasis and health. Although UPS plays an essential role in protein degradation during muscle atrophy, leading to the loss of muscle mass and strength, its deficit negatively impacts muscle homeostasis and leads to the occurrence of several pathological phenotypes. A growing number of studies have linked UPS impairment not only to matured muscle fibre degeneration and weakness, but also to muscle stem cells and deficiency in regeneration. Emerging evidence suggests possible links between abnormal UPS regulation and several types of muscle diseases. Therefore, understanding of the role of UPS in skeletal muscle may provide novel therapeutic insights to counteract muscle wasting, and various muscle diseases. In this review, we focussed on the role of proteasomes in skeletal muscle and its regeneration, including a brief explanation of the structure of proteasomes. In addition, we summarised the recent findings on several diseases and elaborated on how the UPS is related to their pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Institute for Research On Productive Aging (IRPA), #201 Kobe hybrid business center, Minami-cho 6-7-6, Minatojima, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Shodo-Kai Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 1-2-5, Satonomori, Iwanuma, Miyagi, 989-2483, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma C, Sacco MD, Hurst B, Townsend JA, Hu Y, Szeto T, Zhang X, Tarbet B, Marty MT, Chen Y, Wang J. Boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, XII inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication by targeting the viral main protease. Cell Res 2020; 30:678-692. [PMID: 32541865 PMCID: PMC7294525 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, also called novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), started to circulate among humans around December 2019, and it is now widespread as a global pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is called COVID-19, which is highly contagious and has an overall mortality rate of 6.35% as of May 26, 2020. There is no vaccine or antiviral available for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we report our discovery of inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Using the FRET-based enzymatic assay, several inhibitors including boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, and XII were identified to have potent activity with single-digit to submicromolar IC50 values in the enzymatic assay. The mechanism of action of the hits was further characterized using enzyme kinetic studies, thermal shift binding assays, and native mass spectrometry. Significantly, four compounds (boceprevir, GC-376, calpain inhibitors II and XII) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in cell culture with EC50 values ranging from 0.49 to 3.37 µM. Notably, boceprevir, calpain inhibitors II and XII represent novel chemotypes that are distinct from known substrate-based peptidomimetic Mpro inhibitors. A complex crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with GC-376, determined at 2.15 Å resolution with three protomers per asymmetric unit, revealed two unique binding configurations, shedding light on the molecular interactions and protein conformational flexibility underlying substrate and inhibitor binding by Mpro. Overall, the compounds identified herein provide promising starting points for the further development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Michael Dominic Sacco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Julia Alma Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tommy Szeto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Michael Thomas Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Paepe B. Progressive Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Muscular Dystrophies: A Role for Toll-like Receptor-Signaling in Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124440. [PMID: 32580419 PMCID: PMC7352931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an active process controlled by specific transcriptional programs, in which muscle mass is lost by increased protein degradation and/or decreased protein synthesis. This review explores the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the muscle atrophy as it is observed in muscular dystrophies, disorders characterized by successive bouts of muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration in an attempt to repair contraction-induced damage. TLRs are defense receptors that detect infection and recognize self-molecules released from damaged cells. In muscular dystrophies, these receptors become over-active, and are firmly involved in the sustained chronic inflammation exhibited by the muscle tissue, via their induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Taming the exaggerated activation of TLR2/4 and TLR7/8/9, and their downstream effectors in particular, comes forward as a therapeutic strategy with potential to slow down disease progression.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vermij SH, Rougier JS, Agulló-Pascual E, Rothenberg E, Delmar M, Abriel H. Single-Molecule Localization of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Reveals Different Modes of Reorganization at Cardiomyocyte Membrane Domains. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008241. [PMID: 32536203 PMCID: PMC7368852 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.008241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene encoding the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 cause various cardiac arrhythmias. This variety may arise from different determinants of Nav1.5 expression between cardiomyocyte domains. At the lateral membrane and T-tubules, Nav1.5 localization and function remain insufficiently characterized. METHODS We used novel single-molecule localization microscopy and computational modeling to define nanoscale features of Nav1.5 localization and distribution at the lateral membrane, the lateral membrane groove, and T-tubules in cardiomyocytes from wild-type (N=3), dystrophin-deficient (mdx; N=3) mice, and mice expressing C-terminally truncated Nav1.5 (ΔSIV; N=3). We moreover assessed T-tubules sodium current by recording whole-cell sodium currents in control (N=5) and detubulated (N=5) wild-type cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We show that Nav1.5 organizes as distinct clusters in the groove and T-tubules which density, distribution, and organization partially depend on SIV and dystrophin. We found that overall reduction in Nav1.5 expression in mdx and ΔSIV cells results in a nonuniform redistribution with Nav1.5 being specifically reduced at the groove of ΔSIV and increased in T-tubules of mdx cardiomyocytes. A T-tubules sodium current could, however, not be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Nav1.5 mutations may site-specifically affect Nav1.5 localization and distribution at the lateral membrane and T-tubules, depending on site-specific interacting proteins. Future research efforts should elucidate the functional consequences of this redistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Vermij
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Rougier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
| | | | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology (E.R.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Mario Delmar
- Department of Cardiology (M.D.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma C, Sacco MD, Hurst B, Townsend JA, Hu Y, Szeto T, Zhang X, Tarbet B, Marty MT, Chen Y, Wang J. Boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, XII inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication by targeting the viral main protease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32511378 PMCID: PMC7263507 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.20.051581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, also called novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-19), started to circulate among humans around December 2019, and it is now widespread as a global pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is called COVID-19, which is highly contagious and has an overall mortality rate of 6.96% as of May 4, 2020. There is no vaccine or antiviral available for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we report our discovery of inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Using the FRET-based enzymatic assay, several inhibitors including boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, and XII were identified to have potent activity with single-digit to submicromolar IC50 values in the enzymatic assay. The mechanism of action of the hits was further characterized using enzyme kinetic studies, thermal shift binding assays, and native mass spectrometry. Significantly, four compounds (boceprevir, GC-376, calpain inhibitors II and XII) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in cell culture with EC50 values ranging from 0.49 to 3.37 μM. Notably, boceprevir, calpain inhibitors II and XII represent novel chemotypes that are distinct from known Mpro inhibitors. A complex crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with GC-376, determined at 2.15 Å resolution with three monomers per asymmetric unit, revealed two unique binding configurations, shedding light on the molecular interactions and protein conformational flexibility underlying substrate and inhibitor binding by Mpro. Overall, the compounds identified herein provide promising starting points for the further development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Michael D Sacco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.,Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Julia A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Tommy Szeto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.,Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Michael T Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hovhannisyan Y, Melikyan G, Mougenot N, Gao-Li J, Friguet B, Paulin D, Li Z, Ferry A, Agbulut O. Effects of the selective inhibition of proteasome caspase-like activity by CLi a derivative of nor-cerpegin in dystrophic mdx mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215821. [PMID: 31013315 PMCID: PMC6478376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that proteasome inhibition can have beneficial effects in dystrophic mouse models. In this study, we have investigated the effects of a new selective proteasome inhibitor, CLi, a strong caspase-like inhibitor of the 20S proteasome, on skeletal and cardiac muscle functions of mdx mice. In the first series of experiments, five-month-old male mdx mice (n = 34) were treated with 2 different doses (20 and 100 μg/kg) of CLi and in the second series of experiments, five-month-old female mdx (n = 19) and wild-type (n = 24) mice were treated with 20 μg/kg CLi and Velcade (1 mg/kg) for 1-month. All animals were treadmill exercised twice a week to worsen the dystrophic features. In the first series of experiments, our results demonstrated that 20 μg/kg CLi did not significantly increase absolute and specific maximal forces in skeletal muscle from male mdx mice. Moreover, the higher susceptibility to contraction induced skeletal muscle injury was worsened by 100 μg/kg CLi since the force drop following lengthening contractions was increased with this high dose. Furthermore, we found no differences in the mRNA levels of the molecular markers implicated in dystrophic features. Concerning cardiac function, CLi had no effect on left ventricular function since ejection and shortening fractions were unchanged in male mdx mice. Similarly, CLi did not modify the expression of genes implicated in cardiac remodeling. In the second series of experiments, our results demonstrated an improvement in absolute and specific maximal forces by CLi, whereas Velcade only increased specific maximal force in female mdx mice. In addition, exercise tolerance was not improved by CLi. Taken together, our results show that CLi treatment can only improve maximal force production in exercised female mdx mice without affecting either exercice tolerance capacity or cardiac function. In conclusion, selective inhibition of caspase-like activity of proteasome with CLi has no compelling beneficial effect in dystrophic mdx mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeranuhi Hovhannisyan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Gagik Melikyan
- Yerevan State University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Jacqueline Gao-Li
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Denise Paulin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, INSERM U974, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsurumi F, Baba S, Yoshinaga D, Umeda K, Hirata T, Takita J, Heike T. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration is elevated in cardiomyocytes differentiated from hiPSCs derived from a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213768. [PMID: 30875388 PMCID: PMC6420015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy. The major symptoms of this condition are walking difficulties, dyspnea caused by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, and cardiomyopathy. Recent advances in ventilator support devices have dramatically decreased mortality caused by respiratory distress. Consequently, cardiomyopathy resulting in heart failure is currently the major cause of death among DMD patients. One mechanism by which skeletal muscle is damaged in DMD patients involves elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. By contrast, the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiomyopathy are unclear. To investigate this, we examined the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and calcium transients in cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). hiPSCs were derived from a DMD patient (DMD-hiPSCs), in whom exon 44 of the gene encoding dystrophin was deleted, and from his parents (control-hiPSCs), who did not carry this mutation. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured using the fluorescent indicator indo-1. The fluorescence ratio (410/490 nm) of indo-1 at rest (R0), the peak of this ratio (Rmax), and the amplitude (Rmax-R0) were significantly higher in cardiomyocytes differentiated from DMD-hiPSCs than in those differentiated from control-hiPSCs. Moreover, mechanical stretching significantly increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cardiomyocytes differentiated from DMD-hiPSCs, but not in those differentiated from control-hiPSCs. These findings indicate that elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration can cause cardiac damage leading to cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Tsurumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Shiro Baba
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daisuke Yoshinaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Chen Z, Han Z, Liu Y, Wu X, Peng Y, Di W, Lan R, Sun B, Xu B, Xu W. AMPK-mediated degradation of Nav1.5 through autophagy. FASEB J 2019; 33:5366-5376. [PMID: 30759345 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801583rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel, Nav1.5, is the key component that controls cardiac excitative electrical impulse and propagation. However, the dynamic alterations of Nav1.5 during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) are seldom reported. We found that the protein levels of rat cardiac Nav1.5 were significantly decreased in response to cardiac I/R injury. By simulating I/R injury in cells through activating AMPK by glucose deprivation, AMPK activator treatment, or hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R), we found that Nav1.5 was down-regulated by AMPK-mediated autophagic degradation. Furthermore, AMPK was found to phosphorylate Nav1.5 at threonine (T) 101, which then regulates the interaction between Nav1.5 and the autophagic adaptor protein, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), by exposing the LC3-interacting region adjacent to T101 in Nav1.5. This study highlights an instrumental role of AMPK in mediating the autophagic degradation of Nav1.5 during cardiac I/R injury.-Liu, X., Chen, Z., Han, Z., Liu, Y., Wu, X., Peng, Y., Di, W., Lan, R., Sun, B., Xu, B., Xu, W. AMPK-mediated degradation of Nav1.5 through autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonglin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhu Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongfang Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bugao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McCourt JL, Talsness DM, Lindsay A, Arpke RW, Chatterton PD, Nelson DM, Chamberlain CM, Olthoff JT, Belanto JJ, McCourt PM, Kyba M, Lowe DA, Ervasti JM. Mouse models of two missense mutations in actin-binding domain 1 of dystrophin associated with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:451-462. [PMID: 29194514 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the dystrophin protein can cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) through an undefined pathomechanism. In vitro studies suggest that missense mutations in the N-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD1) cause protein instability, and cultured myoblast studies reveal decreased expression levels that can be restored to wild-type with proteasome inhibitors. To further elucidate the pathophysiology of missense dystrophin in vivo, we generated two transgenic mdx mouse lines expressing L54R or L172H mutant dystrophin, which correspond to missense mutations identified in human patients with DMD or BMD, respectively. Our biochemical, histologic and physiologic analysis of the L54R and L172H mice show decreased levels of dystrophin which are proportional to the phenotypic severity. Proteasome inhibitors were ineffective in both the L54R and L172H mice, yet mice homozygous for the L172H transgene were able to express even higher levels of dystrophin which caused further improvements in muscle histology and physiology. Given that missense dystrophin is likely being degraded by the proteasome but whole body proteasome inhibition was not possible, we screened for ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes involved in targeting dystrophin to the proteasome. A myoblast cell line expressing L54R mutant dystrophin was screened with an siRNA library targeting E1, E2 and E3 ligases which identified Amn1, FBXO33, Zfand5 and Trim75. Our study establishes new mouse models of dystrophinopathy and identifies candidate E3 ligases that may specifically regulate dystrophin protein turnover in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana M Talsness
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | | | - Robert W Arpke
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - D'anna M Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | | | - John T Olthoff
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | | | | | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ji J, Zhou BR, Zhang RH, Li HM, Guo Q, Zhu J, Luo D. MG-132 treatment promotes TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in SEB-1 sebocytes. Life Sci 2018; 210:150-157. [PMID: 30176247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify the mechanism of how MG-132 stimulates cell death in SEB-1 sebocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS TUNEL staining and annexin-FITC/PI flow cytometry were utilized to examine the apoptotic cell number of SEB-1 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes upon MG-132 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment. MTT assay and CCK-8 assay monitored the proliferative rate and viability of both cell lines with different treatment. Western blotting (WB) and qPCR were performed to detect the expression of TRAIL and members of Bcl-2 family at protein and gene level. Additionally, RNA interfering was used to knockdown the mRNA transcription of TRAIL and BIK gene. KEY FINDINGS MG-132 treatment enhanced cell death in SEB-1 sebocytes but not in HaCaT keratinocytes. Meanwhile, TRAIL concentrations in SEB-1 sebocytes treated with MG-132 were markedly elevated. Furthermore, treatment with TRAIL or the TRAIL receptor-specific monoclonal antibody AY4 at various doses stimulated cell death in SEB-1 sebocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Silencing of TRAIL restored the cell viability of SEB-1 cells to a normal level after MG-132 treatment. Combined treatment of SEB-1 sebocytes with TRAIL and MG-132 synergistically triggered cell death, suppressed cell proliferation and survival, and promoted BIK expression. Furthermore, BCL2 Interacting Killer (BIK) knockdown via RNA interference participated in the recovery of cell survival reduced by treatment with TRAIL and MG-132. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that treatment with the selective proteasome suppressor MG-132 and TRAIL induces cell death in sebocytes through upregulation of BIK, a member of the Bcl-2 family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ji
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Bing-Rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Ruo-Hua Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hong-Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The immune response to acute muscle damage is important for normal repair. However, in chronic diseases such as many muscular dystrophies, the immune response can amplify pathology and play a major role in determining disease severity. Muscular dystrophies are inheritable diseases that vary tremendously in severity, but share the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that can be debilitating and lethal. Mutations in diverse genes cause muscular dystrophy, including genes that encode proteins that maintain membrane strength, participate in membrane repair, or are components of the extracellular matrix or the nuclear envelope. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that an important feature of many muscular dystrophies is an immune response adapted to acute, infrequent muscle damage that is misapplied in the context of chronic injury. We discuss the involvement of the immune system in the most common muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and show that the immune system influences muscle death and fibrosis as disease progresses. We then present information on immune cell function in other muscular dystrophies and show that for many muscular dystrophies, release of cytosolic proteins into the extracellular space may provide an initial signal, leading to an immune response that is typically dominated by macrophages, neutrophils, helper T-lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Although those features are similar in many muscular dystrophies, each muscular dystrophy shows distinguishing features in the magnitude and type of inflammatory response. These differences indicate that there are disease-specific immunomodulatory molecules that determine response to muscle cell damage caused by diverse genetic mutations. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1313-1356, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven S. Welc
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cho EB, Yoo W, Yoon SK, Yoon JB. β-dystroglycan is regulated by a balance between WWP1-mediated degradation and protection from WWP1 by dystrophin and utrophin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2199-2213. [PMID: 29635000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dystroglycan is a ubiquitous membrane protein that functions as a mechanical connection between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton. In skeletal muscle, dystroglycan plays an indispensable role in regulating muscle regeneration; a malfunction in dystroglycan is associated with muscular dystrophy. The regulation of dystroglycan stability is poorly understood. Here, we report that WWP1, a member of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase family, promotes ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of β-dystroglycan. Our results indicate that dystrophin and utrophin protect β-dystroglycan from WWP1-mediated degradation by competing with WWP1 for the shared binding site at the cytosolic tail of β-dystroglycan. In addition, we show that a missense mutation (arginine 440 to glutamine) in WWP1-which is known to cause muscular dystrophy in chickens-increases the ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination of both β-dystroglycan and WWP1. The R440Q missense mutation in WWP1 decreases HECT domain-mediated intramolecular interactions to relieve autoinhibition of the enzyme. Our results provide new insight into the regulation of β-dystroglycan degradation by WWP1 and other Nedd4 family members and improves our understanding of dystroglycan-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bee Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bok Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Castets P, Frank S, Sinnreich M, Rüegg MA. "Get the Balance Right": Pathological Significance of Autophagy Perturbation in Neuromuscular Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:127-155. [PMID: 27854220 PMCID: PMC5271579 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that autophagy, a major catabolic process in cells, is dysregulated in several neuromuscular diseases and contributes to the muscle wasting caused by non-muscle disorders (e.g. cancer cachexia) or during aging (i.e. sarcopenia). From there, the idea arose to interfere with autophagy or manipulate its regulatory signalling to help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression. The major difficulty for the development of therapeutic strategies is to restore a balanced autophagic flux, due to the dynamic nature of autophagy. Thus, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms and identify the signalling pathways at play in the control of autophagy in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive analysis of the autophagic flux and of the causes of its dysregulation is required to assess the pathogenic role of autophagy in diseased muscle. Furthermore, it is essential that experiments distinguish between primary dysregulation of autophagy (prior to disease onset) and impairments as a consequence of the pathology. Of note, in most muscle disorders, autophagy perturbation is not caused by genetic modification of an autophagy-related protein, but rather through indirect alteration of regulatory signalling or lysosomal function. In this review, we will present the mechanisms involved in autophagy, and those ensuring its tight regulation in skeletal muscle. We will then discuss as to how autophagy dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders and possible ways to interfere with this process to limit disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Crispi V, Matsakas A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: genome editing gives new hope for treatment. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94:296-304. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive wasting disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles, representing one of the most common recessive fatal inherited genetic diseases with 1:3500–1:5000 in yearly incidence. It is caused by mutations in the DMD gene that encodes the membrane-associated dystrophin protein. Over the years, many have been the approaches to management of DMD, but despite all efforts, no effective treatment has yet been discovered. Hope for the development of potential therapeutics has followed the recent advances in genome editing and gene therapy. This review gives an overview to DMD and summarises current lines of evidence with regard to treatment and disease management alongside the appropriate considerations.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dp71 is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitin-proteasome system in neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:349-355. [PMID: 28851655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Dystrophin (Dp) gene is responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is characterized by progressive muscular degeneration and variable degrees of cognitive impairment. Although Dp71 is the most abundant among the Dp isoforms in the brain, the regulatory mechanisms of the related expression levels have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that the constitutive expression levels of Dp71 in PC12 cells were sensitive to proteasomal inhibition. The ectopic expression of FLAG-tagged ubiquitin revealed that Dp71 was ubiquitinated intracellularly. Interestingly, proteasomal inhibition was accompanied by a posttranslational accumulation of modified Dp71, which was restored by protein phosphatase treatment in vitro, indicating that phosphorylation is responsible for the modification and affects the proteasome-dependent degradation of Dp71. Proteasomal activity-sensitive phosphorylated Dp71 is closely associated with syntrophin, a well-known binding partner of Dp71, and syntrophin is also regulated by proteasomal activity in a similar way to Dp71, suggesting that the posttranslational regulatory machinery for Dp71 level is coupled with Dp71-syntrophin molecular complex. Taken together, our results indicated that the expression levels of Dp71 are posttranslationally regulated by the phosphorylation-ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway, which may indicate the presence of regulatory mechanisms underlying the proteostasis of both Dp and its molecular complex, which may lead to better therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Dp-related diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Xie Z, Wan X, Zhong L, Yang H, Li P, Xu X. Carnosic acid alleviates hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance by promoting the degradation of SREBPs via the 26S proteasome. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Farini A, Sitzia C, Cassani B, Cassinelli L, Rigoni R, Colleoni F, Fusco N, Gatti S, Bella P, Villa C, Napolitano F, Maiavacca R, Bosari S, Villa A, Torrente Y. Therapeutic Potential of Immunoproteasome Inhibition in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1898-1912. [PMID: 27506451 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited fatal genetic disease characterized by mutations in dystrophin gene, causing membrane fragility leading to myofiber necrosis and inflammatory cell recruitment in dystrophic muscles. The resulting environment enriched in proinflammatory cytokines, like IFN-γ and TNF-α, determines the transformation of myofiber constitutive proteasome into the immunoproteasome, a multisubunit complex involved in the activation of cell-mediate immunity. This event has a fundamental role in producing peptides for antigen presentation by MHC class I, for the immune response and also for cytokine production and T-cell differentiation. Here, we characterized for the first time the presence of T-lymphocytes activated against revertant dystrophin epitopes, in the animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the mdx mice. Moreover, we specifically blocked i-proteasome subunit LMP7, which was up-regulated in dystrophic skeletal muscles, and we demonstrated the rescue of the dystrophin expression and the amelioration of the dystrophic phenotype. The i-proteasome blocking lowered myofiber MHC class I expression and self-antigen presentation to T cells, thus reducing the specific antidystrophin T cell response, the muscular cell infiltrate, and proinflammatory cytokine production, together with muscle force recovery. We suggest that i-proteasome inhibition should be considered as new promising therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Milano Bicocca, Desio Hospital, Desio (MB), Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Cassinelli
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosita Rigoni
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Colleoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Laboratorio di Chimica Clinica e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Maiavacca
- Laboratorio di Chimica Clinica e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu R, Singhal N, Serinagaoglu Y, Chandrasekharan K, Joshi M, Bauer JA, Janssen PML, Martin PT. Deletion of Galgt2 (B4Galnt2) reduces muscle growth in response to acute injury and increases muscle inflammation and pathology in dystrophin-deficient mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:2668-84. [PMID: 26435413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic overexpression of Galgt2 (official name B4Galnt2) in skeletal muscle stimulates the glycosylation of α dystroglycan (αDG) and the up-regulation of laminin α2 and dystrophin surrogates known to inhibit muscle pathology in mouse models of congenital muscular dystrophy 1A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Skeletal muscle Galgt2 gene expression is also normally increased in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy compared with the wild-type mice. To assess whether this increased endogenous Galgt2 expression could affect disease, we quantified muscular dystrophy measures in mdx mice deleted for Galgt2 (Galgt2(-/-)mdx). Galgt2(-/-) mdx mice had increased heart and skeletal muscle pathology and inflammation, and also worsened cardiac function, relative to age-matched mdx mice. Deletion of Galgt2 in wild-type mice also slowed skeletal muscle growth in response to acute muscle injury. In each instance where Galgt2 expression was elevated (developing muscle, regenerating muscle, and dystrophic muscle), Galgt2-dependent glycosylation of αDG was also increased. Overexpression of Galgt2 failed to inhibit skeletal muscle pathology in dystroglycan-deficient muscles, in contrast to previous studies in dystrophin-deficient mdx muscles. This study demonstrates that Galgt2 gene expression and glycosylation of αDG are dynamically regulated in muscle and that endogenous Galgt2 gene expression can ameliorate the extent of muscle pathology, inflammation, and dysfunction in mdx mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Neha Singhal
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yelda Serinagaoglu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kumaran Chandrasekharan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mandar Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John A Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Paulus M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paul T Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vergara M, Berrios J, Martínez I, Díaz-Barrera A, Acevedo C, Reyes JG, Gonzalez R, Altamirano C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated rht-PA Processing in CHO Cells: Influence of Mild Hypothermia and Specific Growth Rates in Batch and Chemostat Cultures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144224. [PMID: 26659083 PMCID: PMC4676689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the main host for producing recombinant proteins with human therapeutic applications mainly because of their capability to perform proper folding and glycosylation processes. In addition, mild hypothermia is one of the main strategies for maximising the productivity of these systems. However, little information is available on the effect of culture temperature on the folding and degradation processes of recombinant proteins that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. Methods In order to evaluate the effect of the mild hypothermia on processing/endoplasmatic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) processes, batch cultures of CHO cells producing recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rht-PA) were carried out at two temperatures (37°C and 33°C) and treated with specific inhibitors of glycosylation and ERAD I (Ubiquitin/Proteasome system) or ERAD II (Autophagosoma/Lisosomal system) pathways. The effect of mild hypothermia was analysed separately from its indirect effect on specific cell growth rate. To do this, chemostat cultures were carried out at the same incubation conditions as the batch cultures, controlling cell growth at high (0.017 h-1) and low (0.012 h-1) dilution rates. For a better understanding of the investigated phenomenon, cell behaviour was also analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). Results and Conclusion Results suggest that rht-PA is susceptible to degradation by both ERAD pathways studied, revealing that processing and/or ERAD processes are sensitive to temperature cultivation in batch culture. Moreover, by isolating the effect of culture temperature from the effect of cell growth rate verifyed by using chemostat cultures, we have found that processing and/or ERAD processes are more sensitive to reduction in specific growth rate than low temperature, and that temperature reduction may have a positive effect on protein processing. Interestingly, PCA indicated that the integrated performance displayed by CHO cells is modulated predominantly by specific growth rate, indicating that the culture temperature has a lower weighted effect within the range of conditions evaluated in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Vergara
- Institute of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Chile
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, 4059, Chile
| | - Julio Berrios
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, 4059, Chile
| | - Irene Martínez
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, 4059, Chile
| | - Alvaro Díaz-Barrera
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, 4059, Chile
| | - Cristian Acevedo
- Biotechnology Center “Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt”, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan G. Reyes
- Institute of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Chile
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, 4059, Chile
- CREAS CONICYT Regional GORE Valparaíso R0GI1004. Av. Universidad, Curauma, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lipscomb L, Piggott RW, Emmerson T, Winder SJ. Dasatinib as a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:266-74. [PMID: 26604135 PMCID: PMC4706114 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of a systemically acting and universal small molecule therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy would be an enormous advance for this condition. Based on evidence gained from studies on mouse genetic models, we have identified tyrosine phosphorylation and degradation of β-dystroglycan as a key event in the aetiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Thus, preventing tyrosine phosphorylation and degradation of β-dystroglycan presents itself as a potential therapeutic strategy. Using the dystrophic sapje zebrafish, we have investigated the use of tyrosine kinase and other inhibitors to treat the dystrophic symptoms in this model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dasatinib, a potent and specific Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was found to decrease the levels of β-dystroglycan phosphorylation on tyrosine and to increase the relative levels of non-phosphorylated β-dystroglycan in sapje zebrafish. Furthermore, dasatinib treatment resulted in the improved physical appearance of the sapje zebrafish musculature and increased swimming ability as measured by both duration and distance of swimming of dasatinib-treated fish compared with control animals. These data suggest great promise for pharmacological agents that prevent the phosphorylation of β-dystroglycan on tyrosine and subsequent steps in the degradation pathway as therapeutic targets for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Lipscomb
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert W Piggott
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tracy Emmerson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Steve J Winder
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Talsness DM, Belanto JJ, Ervasti JM. Disease-proportional proteasomal degradation of missense dystrophins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12414-9. [PMID: 26392559 PMCID: PMC4603481 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508755112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 427-kDa protein dystrophin is expressed in striated muscle where it physically links the interior of muscle fibers to the extracellular matrix. A range of mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin lead to a severe muscular dystrophy known as Duchenne (DMD) or a typically milder form known as Becker (BMD). Patients with nonsense mutations in dystrophin are specifically targeted by stop codon read-through drugs, whereas out-of-frame deletions and insertions are targeted by exon-skipping therapies. Both treatment strategies are currently in clinical trials. Dystrophin missense mutations, however, cause a wide range of phenotypic severity in patients. The molecular and cellular consequences of such mutations are not well understood, and there are no therapies specifically targeting this genotype. Here, we have modeled two representative missense mutations, L54R and L172H, causing DMD and BMD, respectively, in full-length dystrophin. In vitro, the mutation associated with the mild phenotype (L172H) caused a minor decrease in tertiary stability, whereas the L54R mutation associated with a severe phenotype had a more dramatic effect. When stably expressed in mammalian muscle cells, the mutations caused steady-state decreases in dystrophin protein levels inversely proportional to the tertiary stability and directly caused by proteasomal degradation. Both proteasome inhibitors and heat shock activators were able to increase mutant dystrophin to WT levels, establishing the new cell lines as a platform to screen for potential therapeutics personalized to patients with destabilized dystrophin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Talsness
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Joseph J Belanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tintignac LA, Brenner HR, Rüegg MA. Mechanisms Regulating Neuromuscular Junction Development and Function and Causes of Muscle Wasting. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:809-52. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the chemical synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. It is designed to reliably convert the action potential from the presynaptic motor neuron into the contraction of the postsynaptic muscle fiber. Diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction may cause failure of this conversion and result in loss of ambulation and respiration. The loss of motor input also causes muscle wasting as muscle mass is constantly adapted to contractile needs by the balancing of protein synthesis and protein degradation. Finally, neuromuscular activity and muscle mass have a major impact on metabolic properties of the organisms. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction, the consequences of and the mechanisms involved in its dysfunction, and its role in maintaining muscle mass during aging. As life expectancy is increasing, loss of muscle mass during aging, called sarcopenia, has emerged as a field of high medical need. Interestingly, aging is also accompanied by structural changes at the neuromuscular junction, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in neuromuscular junction maintenance might be disturbed during aging. In addition, there is now evidence that behavioral paradigms and signaling pathways that are involved in longevity also affect neuromuscular junction stability and sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A. Tintignac
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans-Rudolf Brenner
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus A. Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Merulla J, Soldà T, Molinari M. A novel UGGT1 and p97-dependent checkpoint for native ectodomains with ionizable intramembrane residue. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1532-42. [PMID: 25694454 PMCID: PMC4395132 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is unexpected collaboration of the cytosolic AAA-ATPase p97 and the luminal quality control factor UGGT1 in a novel, BiP- and CNX-independent protein quality checkpoint. This prevents Golgi transport of a chimera with a native ectodomain that passes the luminal quality control scrutiny but displays an intramembrane defect. Only native polypeptides are released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to be transported at the site of activity. Persistently misfolded proteins are retained and eventually selected for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The paradox of a structure-based protein quality control is that functional polypeptides may be destroyed if they are architecturally unfit. This has health-threatening implications, as shown by the numerous “loss-of-function” proteopathies, but also offers chances to intervene pharmacologically to promote bypassing of the quality control inspection and export of the mutant, yet functional protein. Here we challenged the ER of human cells with four modular glycopolypeptides designed to alert luminal and membrane protein quality checkpoints. Our analysis reveals the unexpected collaboration of the cytosolic AAA-ATPase p97 and the luminal quality control factor UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT1) in a novel, BiP- and CNX-independent checkpoint. This prevents Golgi transport of a chimera with a native ectodomain that passes the luminal quality control scrutiny but displays an intramembrane defect. Given that human proteopathies may result from impaired transport of functional polypeptides with minor structural defects, identification of quality checkpoints and treatments to bypass them as shown here upon silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of UGGT1 or p97 may have important clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Merulla
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Manning J, O'Malley D. What has the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy contributed to our understanding of this disease? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:155-67. [PMID: 25669899 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-chromosome linked recessive disorder caused by the truncation or deletion of the dystrophin gene. The most widely used animal model of this disease is the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse which was first discovered 30 years ago. Despite its extensive use in DMD research, no effective treatment has yet been developed for this devastating disease. This review explores what we have learned from this mouse model regarding the pathophysiology of DMD and asks if it has a future in providing a better more thorough understanding of this disease or if it will bring us any closer to improving the outlook for DMD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Manning
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, 4.23 Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kitajima Y, Tashiro Y, Suzuki N, Warita H, Kato M, Tateyama M, Ando R, Izumi R, Yamazaki M, Abe M, Sakimura K, Ito H, Urushitani M, Nagatomi R, Takahashi R, Aoki M. Proteasome dysfunction induces muscle growth defects and protein aggregation. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:5204-17. [PMID: 25380823 PMCID: PMC4265737 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.150961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagy–lysosome pathways are the two major routes of protein and organelle clearance. The role of the proteasome pathway in mammalian muscle has not been examined in vivo. In this study, we report that the muscle-specific deletion of a crucial proteasomal gene, Rpt3 (also known as Psmc4), resulted in profound muscle growth defects and a decrease in force production in mice. Specifically, developing muscles in conditional Rpt3-knockout animals showed dysregulated proteasomal activity. The autophagy pathway was upregulated, but the process of autophagosome formation was impaired. A microscopic analysis revealed the accumulation of basophilic inclusions and disorganization of the sarcomeres in young adult mice. Our results suggest that appropriate proteasomal activity is important for muscle growth and for maintaining myofiber integrity in collaboration with autophagy pathways. The deletion of a component of the proteasome complex contributed to myofiber degeneration and weakness in muscle disorders that are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal inclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tashiro
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kato
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Maki Tateyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Risa Ando
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Rumiko Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Niigata University, Department of Cellular Neurobiology Brain Research Institute, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Niigata University, Department of Cellular Neurobiology Brain Research Institute, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Niigata University, Department of Cellular Neurobiology Brain Research Institute, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Townsend D. Finding the sweet spot: assembly and glycosylation of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1694-705. [PMID: 25125182 PMCID: PMC4135523 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a collection of glycoproteins that are essential for the normal function of striated muscle and many other tissues. Recent genetic studies have implicated the components of this complex in over a dozen forms of muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, disruption of the DGC has been implicated in many forms of acquired disease. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the processing and assembly of dystrophin-associated proteins with a focus primarily on the dystroglycan heterodimer and the sarcoglycan complex. These proteins form the transmembrane portion of the DGC and undergo a complex multi-step processing with proteolytic cleavage, differential assembly, and both N- and O-glycosylation. The enzymes responsible for this processing and a model describing the sequence and subcellular localization of these events are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dewayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sandri M, Coletto L, Grumati P, Bonaldo P. Misregulation of autophagy and protein degradation systems in myopathies and muscular dystrophies. J Cell Sci 2014; 126:5325-33. [PMID: 24293330 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent studies have highlighted the importance of autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in different types of inherited muscle disorders. Autophagy is crucial for the removal of dysfunctional organelles and protein aggregates, whereas the ubiquitin-proteasome is important for the quality control of proteins. Post-mitotic tissues, such as skeletal muscle, are particularly susceptible to aged or dysfunctional organelles and aggregation-prone proteins. Therefore, these degradation systems need to be carefully regulated in muscles. Indeed, excessive or defective activity of the autophagy lysosome or ubiquitin-proteasome leads to detrimental effects on muscle homeostasis. A growing number of studies link abnormalities in the regulation of these two pathways to myofiber degeneration and muscle weakness. Understanding the pathogenic role of these degradative systems in each inherited muscle disorder might provide novel therapeutic targets to counteract muscle wasting. In this Commentary, we will discuss the current view on the role of autophagy lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome in the pathogenesis of myopathies and muscular dystrophies, and how alteration of these degradative systems contribute to muscle wasting in inherited muscle disorders. We will also discuss how modulating autophagy and proteasome might represent a promising strategy for counteracting muscle loss in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Immunoproteasome in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2014; 35:191-201. [PMID: 24934129 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-014-9385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased proteasome activity has been implicated in the atrophy and deterioration associated with dystrophic muscles of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). While proteasome inhibitors show promise in the attenuation of muscle degeneration, proteasome inhibition-induced toxicity was a major drawback of this therapeutic strategy. Inhibitors that selectively target the proteasome subtype that is responsible for the loss in muscle mass and quality would reduce side effects and be less toxic. This study examined proteasome activity and subtype populations, along with muscle function, morphology and damage in wild-type (WT) mice and two murine models of DMD, dystrophin-deficient (MDX) and dystrophin- and utrophin-double-knockout (DKO) mice. We found that immunoproteasome content was increased in dystrophic muscles while the total proteasome content was unchanged among the three genotypes of mice. Proteasome proteolytic activity was elevated in dystrophic muscles, especially in DKO mice. These mice also exhibited more severe muscle atrophy than either WT or MDX mice. Muscle damage and regeneration, characterized by the activity of muscle creatine kinase in the blood and the percentage of central nuclei were equally increased in dystrophic mice. Accordingly, the overall muscle function was similarly reduced in both dystrophic mice compared with WT. These data demonstrated that there was transformation of standard proteasomes to immunoproteasomes in dystrophic muscles. In addition, DKO that showed greatest increase in proteasome activities also demonstrated more severe atrophy compared with MDX and WT. These results suggest a putative role for the immunoproteasome in muscle deterioration associated with DMD and provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
36
|
Maves L. Recent advances using zebrafish animal models for muscle disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1033-45. [PMID: 24931439 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.927435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal models have enabled great progress in the discovery and understanding of pharmacological approaches for treating muscle diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AREAS COVERED With this article, the author provides the reader with a description of the zebrafish animal model, which has been employed to identify and study pharmacological approaches to muscle disease. In particular, the author focuses on how both large-scale chemical screens and targeted drug treatment studies have established zebrafish as an important model for muscle disease drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION There are a number of opportunities arising for the use of zebrafish models for further developing pharmacological approaches to muscle diseases, including studying drug combination therapies and utilizing genome editing to engineer zebrafish muscle disease models. It is the author's particular belief that the availability of a wide range of zebrafish transgenic strains for labeling immune cell types, combined with live imaging and drug treatment of muscle disease models, should allow for new elegant studies demonstrating how pharmacological approaches might influence inflammation and the immune response in muscle disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maves
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology , Seattle, WA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Körner Z, Fontes-Oliveira CC, Holmberg J, Carmignac V, Durbeej M. Bortezomib partially improves laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1518-28. [PMID: 24631023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy, caused by mutations in LAMA2 (the gene encoding laminin α2 chain), is a severe and incapacitating disease for which no therapy is yet available. We have recently demonstrated that proteasome activity is increased in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle and that treatment with the nonpharmaceutical proteasome inhibitor MG-132 reduces muscle pathology in laminin α2 chain-deficient dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice. Here, we explore the use of the selective and therapeutic proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (currently used for treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma) in dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice and in congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A muscle cells. Outcome measures included quantitative muscle morphology, gene and miRNA expression analyses, proteasome activity, motor activity, and survival. Bortezomib improved several histological hallmarks of disease, partially normalized miRNA expression (miR-1 and miR-133a), and enhanced body weight, locomotion, and survival of dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice. In addition, bortezomib reduced proteasome activity in congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A myoblasts and myotubes. These findings provide evidence that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib partially reduces laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy. Investigation of the clinical efficacy of bortezomib administration in congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A clinical trials may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zandra Körner
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Holmberg
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Genetics of Developmental Abnormalities Team, EA4271, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sharpe KM, Premsukh MD, Townsend D. Alterations of dystrophin-associated glycoproteins in the heart lacking dystrophin or dystrophin and utrophin. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2013; 34:395-405. [PMID: 24096570 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-013-9362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is a leading cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Patients with DMD lack the protein dystrophin, which is widely expressed in striated muscle. In skeletal muscle, the loss of dystrophin results in dramatically decreased expression of the dystrophin associated glycoprotein complex (DGC). Interestingly, in the heart the DGC is normally expressed without dystrophin; this has been attributed to presence of the dystrophin homologue utrophin. We demonstrate here that neither utrophin nor dystrophin are required for the expression of the cardiac DGC. However, alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG), a major component of the DGC, is differentially glycosylated in dystrophin-(mdx) and dystrophin-/utrophin-(dko) deficient mouse hearts. In both models the altered α-DG retains laminin binding activity, but has an altered localization at the sarcolemma. In hearts lacking both dystrophin and utrophin, the alterations in α-DG glycosylation are even more dramatic with changes in gel migration equivalent to 24 ± 3 kDa. These data show that the absence of dystrophin and utrophin alters the processing of α-DG; however it is not clear if these alterations are a consequence of the loss of a direct interaction with dystrophin/utrophin or results from an indirect response to the presence of severe pathology. Recently there have been great advances in our understanding of the glycosylation of α-DG regarding its role as a laminin receptor. Here we present data that alterations in glycosylation occur in the hearts of animal models of DMD, but these changes do not affect laminin binding. The physiological consequences of these alterations remain unknown, but may have significant implications for the development of therapies for DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Sharpe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hollinger K, Selsby JT. The physiological response of protease inhibition in dystrophic muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:234-44. [PMID: 23648220 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the production of a non-functional dystrophin gene product and a failure to accumulate functional dystrophin protein in muscle cells. This leads to membrane instability, loss of Ca(2+) homoeostasis and widespread cellular injury. Associated with these changes are increased protease activities in a variety of proteolytic systems. As such, there have been numerous investigations directed towards determining the therapeutic potential of protease inhibition. In this review, evidence from genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of proteases as a treatment strategy for DMD is systematically evaluated. Specifically, we review the potential roles of calpain, proteasome, caspase, matrix metalloproteinase and serine protease inhibition as therapeutic approaches for DMD. We conclude that despite early results to the contrary, inhibition of calpain proteases is unlikely to be successful. Conversely, evidence suggests that inhibition of proteasome, matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases does appear to decrease disease severity. An important caveat to these conclusions, however, is that the fundamental cause of DMD, dystrophin deficiency, is not corrected by this strategy. Hence, this should not be viewed as a cure, but rather, protease inhibitors should be considered for inclusion in a therapeutic cocktail. Physiological Relevance. Selective modulation of protease activity has the potential to profoundly change intracellular physiology resulting in a possible treatment for DMD. However, alteration of protease activities could also lead to worsening of disease progression by promoting the accumulation of substrates in the cell. The balance of benefit and potential damage caused by protease inhibition in human DMD patients is largely unexplored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hollinger
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames; IA; USA
| | - J. T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames; IA; USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rajagopalan V, Zhao M, Reddy S, Fajardo G, Wang X, Dewey S, Gomes AV, Bernstein D. Altered ubiquitin-proteasome signaling in right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H551-62. [PMID: 23729213 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00771.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have been described in left ventricular hypertrophy and failure, although results have been inconsistent. The role of the UPS in right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (RVH) and RV failure (RVF) is unknown. Given the greater percent increase in RV mass associated with RV afterload stress, as present in many congenital heart lesions, we hypothesized that alterations in the UPS could play an important role in RVH/RVF. UPS expression and activity were measured in the RV from mice with RVH/RVF secondary to pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). Epoxomicin and MG132 were used to inhibit the proteasome, and overexpression of the 11S PA28α subunit was used to activate the proteasome. PAC mice developed RVH (109.3% increase in RV weight to body weight), RV dilation with septal shift, RV dysfunction, and clinical RVF. Proteasomal function (26S β₅ chymotrypsin-like activity) was decreased 26% (P < 0.05). Protein expression of 19S subunit Rpt5 (P < 0.05), UCHL1 deubiquitinase (P < 0.0001), and Smurf1 E3 ubiquitin ligase (P < 0.01) were increased, as were polyubiquitinated proteins (P < 0.05) and free-ubiquitins (P = 0.05). Pro-apoptotic Bax was increased (P < 0.0001), whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 decreased (P < 0.05), resulting in a sixfold increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Proteasomal inhibition did not accelerate RVF. However, proteasome enhancement by cardiac-specific proteasome overexpression partially improved survival. Proteasome activity is decreased in RVH/RVF, associated with upregulation of key UPS regulators and pro-apoptotic signaling. Enhancement of proteasome function partially attenuates RVF, suggesting that UPS dysfunction contributes to RVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Rajagopalan
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marshall JL, Kwok Y, McMorran BJ, Baum LG, Crosbie-Watson RH. The potential of sarcospan in adhesion complex replacement therapeutics for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. FEBS J 2013; 280:4210-29. [PMID: 23601082 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three adhesion complexes span the sarcolemma and facilitate critical connections between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton: the dystrophin- and utrophin-glycoprotein complexes and α7β1 integrin. Loss of individual protein components results in a loss of the entire protein complex and muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a progressive, lethal wasting disease characterized by repetitive cycles of myofiber degeneration and regeneration. Protein-replacement therapy offers a promising approach for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. Recently, we demonstrated that sarcospan facilitates protein-protein interactions amongst the adhesion complexes and is an important potential therapeutic target. Here, we review current protein-replacement strategies, discuss the potential benefits of sarcospan expression, and identify important experiments that must be addressed for sarcospan to move to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Marshall
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pappalardo A, Pitto L, Fiorillo C, Alice Donati M, Bruno C, Santorelli FM. Neuromuscular disorders in zebrafish: state of the art and future perspectives. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:405-19. [PMID: 23584918 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a broad group of inherited conditions affecting the structure and function of the motor system with polymorphic clinical presentation and disease severity. Although individually rare, collectively neuromuscular diseases have an incidence of 1 in 3,000 and represent a significant cause of disability of the motor system. The past decade has witnessed the identification of a large number of human genes causing muscular disorders, yet the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain largely unclear, limiting the developing of targeted therapeutic strategies. To overcome this barrier, model systems that replicate the different steps of human disorders are increasingly being developed. Among these, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as an excellent organism for studying genetic disorders of the central and peripheral motor systems. In this review, we will encounter most of the available zebrafish models for childhood neuromuscular disorders, providing a brief overview of results and the techniques, mainly transgenesis and chemical biology, used for genetic manipulation. The amount of data collected in the past few years will lead zebrafish to became a common functional tool for assessing rapidly drug efficacy and off-target effects in neuromuscular diseases and, furthermore, to shed light on new etiologies emerging from large-scale massive sequencing studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pappalardo
- Molecular Medicine, and Neuromuscular Lab, IRCCS Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Araujo KPC, Bonuccelli G, Duarte CN, Gaiad TP, Moreira DF, Feder D, Belizario JE, Miglino MA, Lisanti MP, Ambrosio CE. Bortezomib (PS-341) treatment decreases inflammation and partially rescues the expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in GRMD dogs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61367. [PMID: 23579193 PMCID: PMC3620287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) is a genetic myopathy corresponding to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in humans. Muscle atrophy is known to be associated with degradation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bortezomib treatment on the muscle fibers of GRMD dogs. Five GRMD dogs were examined; two were treated (TD- Treated dogs) with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, and three were control dogs (CD). Dogs were treated with bortezomib using the same treatment regimen used for multiple myeloma. Pharmacodynamics were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of 20S proteasome activity in whole blood after treatment and comparing it to that in CD. We performed immunohistochemical studies on muscle biopsy specimens to evaluate the rescue of dystrophin and dystrophin-associated proteins in the muscles of GRMD dogs treated with bortezomib. Skeletal tissue from TD had lower levels of connective tissue deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration than CD as determined by histology, collagen morphometry and ultrastructural analysis. The CD showed higher expression of phospho-NFκB and TGF-β1, suggesting a more pronounced activation of anti-apoptotic factors and inflammatory molecules and greater connective tissue deposition, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that dystrophin was not present in the sarcoplasmic membrane of either group. However, bortezomib-TD showed higher expression of α- and β-dystroglycan, indicating an improved disease histopathology phenotype. Significant inhibition of 20S proteasome activity was observed 1 hour after bortezomib administration in the last cycle when the dose was higher. Proteasome inhibitors may thus improve the appearance of GRMD muscle fibers, lessen connective tissue deposition and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells. In addition, proteasome inhibitors may rescue some dystrophin-associated proteins in the muscle fiber membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla P. C. Araujo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gloria Bonuccelli
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caio N. Duarte
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais P. Gaiad
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Biological Science and Health, UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Dayson F. Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David Feder
- Department of Pharmacology, ABC School of Medicine, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - José E. Belizario
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos E. Ambrosio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rougier JS, Gavillet B, Abriel H. Proteasome inhibitor (MG132) rescues Nav1.5 protein content and the cardiac sodium current in dystrophin-deficient mdx (5cv) mice. Front Physiol 2013; 4:51. [PMID: 23532763 PMCID: PMC3607792 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.5, plays a central role in cardiac excitability and impulse propagation and associates with the dystrophin multiprotein complex at the lateral membrane of cardiomyocytes. It was previously shown that Nav1.5 protein content and the sodium current (lNa) were both decreased in cardiomyocytes of dystrophin-deficient mdx5cv mice. In this study, wild-type and mdx5cv mice were treated for 7 days with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (10 μg/Kg/24 h) using implanted osmotic mini pumps. MG132 rescued both the total amount of Nav1.5 protein and lNa but, unlike in previous studies, de novo expression of dystrophin was not observed in skeletal or cardiac muscle. This study suggests that the reduced expression of Nav1.5 in dystrophin-deficient cells is dependent on proteasomal degradation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Perkins KJ, Davies KE. Recent advances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2012; 2:141-164. [PMID: 30890885 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an allelic X-linked progressive muscle-wasting disease, is one of the most common single-gene disorders in the developed world. Despite knowledge of the underlying genetic causation and resultant pathophysiology from lack of dystrophin protein at the muscle sarcolemma, clinical intervention is currently restricted to symptom management. In recent years, however, unprecedented advances in strategies devised to correct the primary defect through gene- and cell-based therapeutics hold particular promise for treating dystrophic muscle. Conventional gene replacement and endogenous modification strategies have greatly benefited from continued improvements in encapsidation capacity, transduction efficiency, and systemic delivery. In particular, RNA-based modifying approaches such as exon skipping enable expression of a shorter but functional dystrophin protein and rapid progress toward clinical application. Emerging combined gene- and cell-therapy strategies also illustrate particular promise in enabling ex vivo genetic correction and autologous transplantation to circumvent a number of immune challenges. These approaches are complemented by a vast array of pharmacological approaches, in particular the successful identification of molecules that enable functional replacement or ameliorate secondary DMD pathology. Animal models have been instrumental in providing proof of principle for many of these strategies, leading to several recent trials that have investigated their efficacy in DMD patients. Although none has reached the point of clinical use, rapid improvements in experimental technology and design draw this goal ever closer. Here, we review therapeutic approaches to DMD, with particular emphasis on recent progress in strategic development, preclinical evaluation and establishment of clinical efficacy. Further, we discuss the numerous challenges faced and synergistic approaches being devised to combat dystrophic pathology effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Perkins
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology.,MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Kay E Davies
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Miller G, Moore CJ, Terry R, La Riviere T, Mitchell A, Piggott R, Dear TN, Wells DJ, Winder SJ. Preventing phosphorylation of dystroglycan ameliorates the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mouse. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4508-20. [PMID: 22810924 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of dystrophin protein due to mutations in the DMD gene causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin loss also leads to the loss of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) from the sarcolemma which contributes to the dystrophic phenotype. Tyrosine phosphorylation of dystroglycan has been identified as a possible signal to promote the proteasomal degradation of the DGC. In order to test the role of tyrosine phosphorylation of dystroglycan in the aetiology of DMD, we generated a knock-in mouse with a phenylalanine substitution at a key tyrosine phosphorylation site in dystroglycan, Y890. Dystroglycan knock-in mice (Dag1(Y890F/Y890F)) had no overt phenotype. In order to examine the consequence of blocking dystroglycan phosphorylation on the aetiology of dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy, the Y890F mice were crossed with mdx mice an established model of muscular dystrophy. Dag1(Y890F/Y890F)/mdx mice showed a significant improvement in several parameters of muscle pathophysiology associated with muscular dystrophy, including a reduction in centrally nucleated fibres, less Evans blue dye infiltration and lower serum creatine kinase levels. With the exception of dystrophin, other DGC components were restored to the sarcolemma including α-sarcoglycan, α-/β-dystroglycan and sarcospan. Furthermore, Dag1(Y890F/Y890F)/mdx showed a significant resistance to muscle damage and force loss following repeated eccentric contractions when compared with mdx mice. While the Y890F substitution may prevent dystroglycan from proteasomal degradation, an increase in sarcolemmal plectin appeared to confer protection on Dag1(Y890F/Y890F)/mdx mouse muscle. This new model confirms dystroglycan phosphorylation as an important pathway in the aetiology of DMD and provides novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor Miller
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Selsby J, Morris C, Morris L, Sweeney L. A proteasome inhibitor fails to attenuate dystrophic pathology in mdx mice. PLOS CURRENTS 2012; 4:e4f84a944d8930. [PMID: 22866241 PMCID: PMC3392143 DOI: 10.1371/4f84a944d8930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin deficiency leads to increased proteasome activity in skeletal muscle. Previous observations suggest short-term inhibition of the proteasome restores dystrophin expression. Contrary to our hypothesis, eight days of MG-132 administration to mdx mice increased susceptibility to contraction induced injury and Evan’s blue dye penetration compared to controls. Following six weeks of MG-132 administration muscle function was similar to control animals. These data suggest that proteasome inhibition does not reduce the severity of muscle dysfunction caused by dystrophin-deficiency.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a solid scaffold and signals to cells through ECM receptors. The cell-matrix interactions are crucial for normal biological processes and when disrupted they may lead to pathological processes. In particular, the biological importance of ECM-cell membrane-cytoskeleton interactions in skeletal muscle is accentuated by the number of inherited muscle diseases caused by mutations in proteins conferring these interactions. In this review we introduce laminins, collagens, dystroglycan, integrins, dystrophin and sarcoglycans. Mutations in corresponding genes cause various forms of muscular dystrophy. The muscle disorders are presented as well as advances toward the development of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Carmignac
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tang J, Tang S, Haldi M, Seng WL. Zebrafish Assays for Identifying Potential Muscular Dystrophy Drug Candidates. Zebrafish 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118102138.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
50
|
Winder SJ, Lipscomb L, Angela Parkin C, Juusola M. The proteasomal inhibitor MG132 prevents muscular dystrophy in zebrafish. PLOS CURRENTS 2011; 3:RRN1286. [PMID: 22130468 PMCID: PMC3219425 DOI: 10.1371/currents.rrn1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using sapje zebrafish which lack dystrophin, we have assessed both the quantitation of muscle damage in dystrophic fish, and the efficacy of the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 in reducing the dystrophic symptoms. Fourier analysis of birefringence patterns in normal and dystrophic fish was found to be a simple and reliable quantitative measure of muscle damage. MG132, as in mdx mouse, was found to be effective in reducing muscle damage with an EC50 of 0.4µM. This study adds further to the utility of zebrafish as a model of choice for testing muscular dystrophy therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve J Winder
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield and Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|