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Nasu K, Kumagai K, Yoshizawa T, Kitaura K, Matsubara R, Suzuki M, Suzuki R, Hamada Y. Type IVb Hypersensitivity Reaction in the Novel Murine Model of Palladium-Induced Intraoral Allergic Contact Mucositis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043137. [PMID: 36834546 PMCID: PMC9959297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium (Pd) is a component of several alloy types that are widely used in our environment, including several dental alloy types that cause adverse reactions such as hypersensitivity in the oral mucosa. However, the pathological mechanism of intraoral Pd allergies remains unclear because its animal model in the oral mucosa has not been established. In this study, we established a novel murine model of Pd-induced allergies in the oral mucosa, and explored the immune response of cytokine profiles and T cell diversity in terms of the T cell receptor. The Pd-induced allergy mouse was generated by two sensitizations with PdCl2, plus a lipopolysaccharide solution into the postauricular skin followed by a single Pd challenge of the buccal mucosa. Significant swelling and pathological features were histologically evident at five days after the challenge, and CD4-positive T cells producing high levels of T helper 2 type cytokines had accumulated in the allergic oral mucosa. Characterization of the T cell receptor repertoire in Palladium allergic mice indicated that Pd-specific T cell populations were limited in V and J genes but were diverse at the clonal level. Our model demonstrated that a Pd-specific T cell population with Th2 type response tendencies may be involved in the Pd-induced intraoral metal contact allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nasu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yoshizawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Repertoire Genesis Inc., Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sendai Tokushukai Hospital, Sendai 981-3116, Japan
| | - Motoaki Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Repertoire Genesis Inc., Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-45-580-8327
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Characterization of Metal-Specific T-Cells in Inflamed Oral Mucosa in a Novel Murine Model of Chromium-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032807. [PMID: 36769119 PMCID: PMC9917800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The element chromium (Cr) is a component of several types of alloys found in the environment, or utilized in dentistry, that may cause intraoral metal contact allergy. However, the pathological mechanism of intraoral Cr allergy remains unclear because there is no established animal model of Cr allergy in the oral mucosa. In this study, we established a novel murine model of Cr-induced intraoral metal contact allergy and elucidated the immune response in terms of cytokine profiles and T-cell receptor repertoire. Two sensitizations with Cr plus lipopolysaccharide solution into the postauricular skin were followed by a single Cr challenge of the oral mucosa to generate the intraoral metal contact allergy model. Histological examination revealed that CD3+ T-cells had infiltrated the allergic oral mucosa one day after exposure to the allergen. The increase in T-cell markers and cytokines in allergic oral mucosa was also confirmed via quantitative PCR analysis. We detected Cr-specific T-cells bearing TRAV12D-1-TRAJ22 and natural killer (NK) T-cells in the oral mucosa and lymph nodes. Our model demonstrated that Cr-specific T-cells and potent NKT-cell activation may be involved in the immune responses of Cr-induced intraoral metal contact allergy.
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Observation of hapten-induced sensitization responses for the development of a mouse skin sensitization test, including the elicitation phase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19898. [PMID: 36400912 PMCID: PMC9674688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The only official method that can detect the skin sensitizing potential of chemicals, including the elicitation response, is the OECD test guideline (TG) 406. However, this guideline uses guinea pigs, which requires complex procedures. Since a simple and complete test method for evaluating skin sensitization is needed, especially for mechanistic studies of skin sensitization, this study confirmed the reactivity of mice to skin sensitizing substances. We set up a protocol involving one induction exposure of the test substance to the back skin, followed by three challenge exposures to the auricle (Protocol 2), and compared their skin sensitization responses with the results of two exposures to the auricle and back skin every 2 weeks (Protocol 1) and a local lymph node assay (TG442B). A hapten 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene caused significant auricular thickening, skin inflammation, and enlarged auricular lymph nodes in Protocols 1 and 2. These changes were more pronounced in Protocol 2. Plasma IgE and IgG1 and gene expression of IL4, IFNγ, and perforin were significantly increased in Protocol 2. Cell proliferation in the auricular lymph nodes was observed in both protocols as in TG442B. These results indicate that Protocol 2 can be a good candidate for a relatively simple skin sensitization test.
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P53 and Granzyme B may have a role in progression to malignancy in hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus. JAAD Int 2022; 8:111-113. [PMID: 35875395 PMCID: PMC9305351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Stănescu AMA, Cristea AMA, Bejan GC, Vieru M, Simionescu AA, Popescu FD. Allergic Contact Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Psoriasis: A Narrative Minireview. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58070914. [PMID: 35888633 PMCID: PMC9324524 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunctionality of the protective skin barrier in psoriasis allows easier cutaneous penetration of various contact haptens; thus, such patients can develop allergic contact hypersensitivity as a comorbidity. Both skin conditions involve T-cell-mediated mechanisms. Dermatologists and allergists should consider assessing allergic contact cell-mediated hypersensitivity in selected psoriasis patients, especially those with palmoplantar psoriasis and who are refractory to topical treatments, and in patients with psoriasis, with or without arthritis, treated with biologics that present skin lesions clinically suggestive of contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana-Maria-Antoaneta Cristea
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.-A.C.); (F.-D.P.)
| | - Gabriel Cristian Bejan
- Department of Family Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (G.C.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Mariana Vieru
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.-A.C.); (F.-D.P.)
- Department of Allergology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.C.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Anca Angela Simionescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin-Dan Popescu
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.-A.C.); (F.-D.P.)
- Department of Allergology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Lefevre M, Nosbaum A, Rozieres A, Lenief V, Mosnier A, Cortial A, Prieux M, De Bernard S, Nourikyan J, Jouve P, Buffat L, Hacard F, Ferrier‐Lebouedec M, Pralong P, Dzviga C, Herman A, Baeck M, Nicolas J, Vocanson M. Unique molecular signatures typify skin inflammation induced by chemical allergens and irritants. Allergy 2021; 76:3697-3712. [PMID: 34174113 DOI: 10.1111/all.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin exposure to chemicals may induce an inflammatory disease known as contact dermatitis (CD). Distinguishing the allergic and irritant forms of CD often proves challenging in the clinic. METHODS To characterize the molecular signatures of chemical-induced skin inflammation, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis on the skin lesions of 47 patients with positive patch tests to reference contact allergens and nonallergenic irritants. RESULTS A clear segregation was observed between allergen- and irritant-induced gene profiles. Distinct modules pertaining to the epidermal compartment, metabolism, and proliferation were induced by both contact allergens and irritants; whereas only contact allergens prompted strong activation of adaptive immunity, notably of cytotoxic T-cell responses. Our results also confirmed that: (a) unique pathways characterize allergen- and irritant-induced dermatitis; (b) the intensity of the clinical reaction correlates with the magnitude of immune activation. Finally, using a machine-learning approach, we identified and validated several minimal combinations of biomarkers to distinguish contact allergy from irritation. CONCLUSION These results highlight the value of molecular profiling of chemical-induced skin inflammation for improving the diagnosis of allergic versus irritant contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine‐Alexia Lefevre
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Priest‐en‐Jarez France
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud Pierre‐Benite France
| | - Aurore Rozieres
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
| | - Vanina Lenief
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
| | - Amandine Mosnier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
| | - Angèle Cortial
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
| | - Margaux Prieux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
| | | | | | | | | | - Florence Hacard
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud Pierre‐Benite France
| | | | - Pauline Pralong
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Photobiology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes La Tronche France
| | - Charles Dzviga
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Priest‐en‐Jarez France
| | - Anne Herman
- Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint‐Luc Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Marie Baeck
- Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint‐Luc Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Jean‐François Nicolas
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud Pierre‐Benite France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy) INSERM, U1111 Univ LyonUniversité de Lyon 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonCNRS, UMR 5308 Lyon France
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Fratzke AP, Gregory AE, van Schaik EJ, Samuel JE. Coxiella burnetii Whole Cell Vaccine Produces a Th1 Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Response in a Novel Sensitized Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754712. [PMID: 34616410 PMCID: PMC8488435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Q-VAX®, a whole cell, formalin-inactivated vaccine, is the only vaccine licensed for human use to protect against Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q fever. Although this vaccine provides long-term protection, local and systemic reactogenic responses are common in previously sensitized individuals which prevents its use outside of Australia. Despite the importance of preventing these adverse reactions to develop widely accepted, novel vaccines against C. burnetii, little is understood about the underlying cellular mechanisms. This is mostly attributed to the use of a guinea pig reactogenicity model where complex cellular analysis is limited. To address this, we compared three different mouse strains develop a model of C. burnetii whole cell vaccine reactogenic responses. SKH1 and C57Bl/6, but not BALBc mice, develop local granulomatous reactions after either infection- or vaccine-induced sensitization. We evaluated local and systemic responses by measuring T cell populations from the vaccination site and spleen during elicitation using flow cytometry. Local reaction sites showed influx of IFNγ+ and IL17a+ CD4 T cells in sensitized mice compared with controls and a reduction in IL4+ CD4 T cells. Additionally, sensitized mice showed a systemic response to elicitation by an increase in IFNγ+ and IL17a+ CD4 T cells in the spleen. These results indicate that local and systemic C. burnetii reactogenic responses are consistent with a Th1 delayed-type hypersensitivity. Our experiments provide insights into the pathophysiology of C. burnetii whole cell vaccine reactogenicity and demonstrate that C57Bl/6 and SKH1 mice can provide a valuable model for evaluating the reactogenicity of novel C. burnetii vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia P. Fratzke
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anthony E. Gregory
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erin J. van Schaik
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - James E. Samuel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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Cunningham LS, McFadden JP, Basketter DA, Ferguson FJ, White IR, Kimber I. Harnessing co-operative immune augmentation by contact allergens to enhance the efficacy of viral vaccines. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:432-435. [PMID: 32880961 PMCID: PMC7436419 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the development of successful vaccines against coronaviruses may be achieved, for some individuals the immune response that they stimulate may prove to be insufficient for effective host defence. The principle that a relatively strong contact allergen will have an enhancing effect on sensitization compared with a less potent contact allergen if they are co-administered, may not, at first, appear relevant to this issue. However, this augmentation effect is thought to be due to the sharing of common or complementary pathways. Here, we briefly consider aspects of the shared and complementary pathways between skin sensitization induced by exposure to a contact allergen and the immune response to viruses, with particular reference to COVID-19. The relationship leads us to explore whether this principle, which we name here as "co-operative immune augmentation" may be extended to include viral vaccination. We consider evidence that even relatively weak contact allergens, used in vaccines for other purposes, can show enhanced sensitization, which is in keeping with a co-operative augmentation principle. Finally, we consider how the potent contact allergen diphenylcyclopropenone could be employed safely as an enhancer of vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Cunningham
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Felicity J Ferguson
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Anderson K, Ryan N, Siddiqui A, Pero T, Volpedo G, Cooperstone JL, Oghumu S. Black Raspberries and Protocatechuic Acid Mitigate DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity by Down-Regulating Dendritic Cell Activation and Inhibiting Mediators of Effector Responses. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1701. [PMID: 32517233 PMCID: PMC7352349 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is the most common occupational dermatological disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the sensitization stage of CHS, while T-cells facilitate the effector mechanisms that drive CHS. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, BRB) and BRB phytochemicals possess immunomodulatory properties, but their dietary effects on CHS are unknown. We examined the effects of diets containing BRB and protocatechuic acid (PCA, a constituent of BRB and an anthocyanin metabolite produced largely by gut microbes), on CHS, using a model induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenze (DNFB). Mice were fed control diet or diets supplemented with BRB or PCA. In vitro bone-marrow derived DCs and RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with BRB extract and PCA. Mice fed BRB or PCA supplemented diets displayed decreased DNFB-induced ear swelling, marked by decreased splenic DC accumulation. BRB extract diminished DC maturation associated with reduced Cd80 expression and Interleukin (IL)-12 secretion, and PCA reduced IL-12. Dietary supplementation with BRB and PCA induced differential decreases in IL-12-driven CHS mediators, including Interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells. BRB extracts and PCA directly attenuated CHS-promoting macrophage activity mediated by nitric oxide and IL-12. Our results demonstrate that BRB and PCA mitigate CHS pathology, providing a rationale for CHS alleviation via dietary supplementation with BRB or BRB derived anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arham Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Travis Pero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
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Turner CT, Zeglinski MR, Richardson KC, Santacruz S, Hiroyasu S, Wang C, Zhao H, Shen Y, Sehmi R, Lima H, Gauvreau GM, Granville DJ. Granzyme B Contributes to Barrier Dysfunction in Oxazolone-Induced Skin Inflammation through E-Cadherin and FLG Cleavage. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:36-47. [PMID: 32504614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin condition. Skin barrier dysfunction is of major importance in AD because it facilitates allergen sensitization and systemic allergic responses. Long regarded as a pro-apoptotic protease, emerging studies indicate granzyme B (GzmB) to have extracellular roles involving the proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix, cell adhesion proteins, and basement membrane proteins. Minimally expressed in normal skin, GzmB is elevated in AD and is positively correlated with disease severity and pruritus. We hypothesized that GzmB contributes to AD through extracellular protein cleavage. A causative role for GzmB was assessed in an oxazolone-induced murine model of dermatitis, comparing GzmB-/- mice with wild-type mice, showing significant reductions in inflammation, epidermal thickness, and lesion formation in GzmB-/- mice. Topical administration of a small-molecule GzmB inhibitor reduced disease severity compared with vehicle-treated controls. Mechanistically, GzmB impaired epithelial barrier function through E-cadherin and FLG cleavage. GzmB proteolytic activity contributes to impaired epidermal barrier function and represents a valid therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Santacruz
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Wang
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yue Shen
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermenio Lima
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Nakasone Y, Kumagai K, Matsubara R, Shigematsu H, Kitaura K, Suzuki S, Satoh M, Hamada Y, Suzuki R. Characterization of T cell receptors in a novel murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209248. [PMID: 30557354 PMCID: PMC6296741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel is a component of several alloy types that are widely used in our environment, including several dental alloy types that cause intraoral metal contact allergy. However, metal-specific immune responses in the oral mucosa have not been elucidated because a suitable animal model has not been established. In this study, we established a novel murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy and aimed to elucidate the immune response in terms of T-cell receptor repertoire and cytokine profiles in inflamed oral mucosa. The intraoral metal contact allergy model was induced by two sensitizations of nickel plus lipopolysaccharide solution into the postauricular skin followed by a single nickel challenge of the buccal mucosa. Cytokine expression profiles and T-cell phenotypes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. T cells accumulated in the cervical lymph nodes and inflamed oral mucosa were characterized by analyzing their T-cell receptor α- and β-chain repertoires, and the nucleotide sequences of complementary determining region 3. Significant swelling and pathological features were histologically evident at 1 day after challenge in mice with nickel allergy. At 1 day after the challenge, CD8-positive T cells producing high levels of T helper 1 type cytokines had accumulated in the allergic oral mucosa. At 7 days after the challenge, excessive nickel allergy in the oral mucosa was suppressed by regulatory T cells. Characterization of the T-cell receptor repertoire in nickel allergic mice revealed the presence of natural killer T cells and T cells bearing Trav6-6-Traj57 at 1 day after the challenge. Our murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy showed that natural killer T cells and T cells bearing Trav6-6-Traj57 might be involved in the immune responses of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Nakasone
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
- * E-mail: (RS); (KKu)
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama General Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shigematsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Satsuki Suzuki
- Section of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Odontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- * E-mail: (RS); (KKu)
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12
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Caiazzo G, Di Caprio R, Lembo S, Raimondo A, Scala E, Patruno C, Balato A. IL-26 in allergic contact dermatitis: Resource in a state of readiness. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:681-684. [PMID: 29498775 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of IL-26 in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), highlighting its' contribute in the cytotoxic mechanism responsible for the tissue injury. IL-26 is a signature Th17 cytokine, and immune cells are its predominant sources. Recently, it has shown that Th17 cell-derived-IL-26 functions like an antimicrobial peptide. Here, we hypothesized that IL-26 could be involved in cytotoxicity mechanism that underlies ACD. Indeed, we have attributed a role to IL-26 in this context, through PBMC cytotoxicity assays vs HaCat. To demonstrate that IL-26 was effectively involved in this activity, we performed the assay using transfected ACD PBMCs by siRNA for IL-26. Indeed, we demonstrated that these cells were less able to kill keratinocytes compared with ACD PBMCs (P < .01). In conclusion, our findings support the idea that this emergent cytokine, IL-26, is implicated in the killing mechanisms of KC observed during ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scala
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Ono S, Honda T, Kabashima K. Requirement of MHC class I on radioresistant cells for granzyme B expression from CD8+ T cells in murine contact hypersensitivity. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Novais FO, Carvalho AM, Clark ML, Carvalho LP, Beiting DP, Brodsky IE, Carvalho EM, Scott P. CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity mediates pathology in the skin by inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006196. [PMID: 28192528 PMCID: PMC5325592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity plays a central role in enhancing disease severity in several conditions. However, we have little understanding of the mechanisms by which immunopathology develops as a consequence of cytotoxicity. Using murine models of inflammation induced by the protozoan parasite leishmania, and data obtained from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, we uncovered a previously unrecognized role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release as a detrimental consequence of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ultimately resulting in chronic inflammation. Critically, pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 or IL-1β significantly ameliorated the CD8+ T cell-driven immunopathology in leishmania-infected mice. Confirming the relevance of these findings to human leishmaniasis, blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome in skin biopsies from leishmania-infected patients prevented IL-1β release. Thus, these studies link CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity with inflammasome activation and reveal novel avenues of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as other of diseases where CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity induces pathology. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic in 98 countries and approximately 1 million new cases occur each year. Disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis, the main causative agent of leishmaniasis in South America, leads to skin ulcers that are difficult to heal with drugs that target the parasites. This is because disease severity seen in patients infected with L. braziliensis is largely due to the immune response that develops, rather than the number of parasites in the skin. CD8+ T cells induce cell death in the lesions of L. braziliensis-infected mice, as well as in the lesions from L. braziliensis-infected patients, which promotes disease. However, the mechanism mediating CD8+ T cell dependent pathology is unknown. Here, using studies in mice and experiments with L. braziliensis patients’ samples we show that increased disease severity is due to inflammasome activation, and furthermore that therapies that block either inflammasome activation or IL-1β ameliorate disease in mouse models of severe leishmaniasis. Based on these studies we propose a novel strategy of therapy for L. braziliensis infection and other diseases in which cytotoxicity plays a central role in promoting disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O. Novais
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Augusto M. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Megan L. Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Igor E. Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Lima X, Cintra M, Piaza A, Mamoni R, Oliveira R, Magalhães R, Blotta M. Frequency and characteristics of circulating CD4+
CD28null
T cells in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:998-1005. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.T. Lima
- Department of Clinical Pathology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Dermatology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- School of Medicine; University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR); Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - M.L. Cintra
- Department of Clinical Pathology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - A.C. Piaza
- Department of Clinical Pathology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - R.L. Mamoni
- Department of Clinical Pathology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - R.T. Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Pathology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - R.F. Magalhães
- Department of Dermatology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.H. Blotta
- Department of Clinical Pathology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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16
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Blessing or curse? Proteomics in granzyme research. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:351-81. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Peiser M, Hitzler M, Luch A. On the role of co-inhibitory molecules in dendritic cell: T helper cell coculture assays aimed to detect chemical-induced contact allergy. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2014; 104:115-35. [PMID: 24214622 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0726-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a pivotal role in sensitization and elicitation of type IV allergic reactions. While T helper cells sustain and maintain the differentiation of further effector cells, regulatory T cells are involved in control of cytokine release and proliferation, and T killer cells execute cellular lysis, thereby leading to certain levels of tissue damage. According to their central role, the widely applied and OECD-supported test method for the assessment of the sensitization potential of a chemical, i.e., the local lymph node assay (LLNA), relies on the detection of the immune-responsive proliferation of lymphocytes. However, most sensitization assays recently developed take advantage of the initiators of sensitization, dendritic cells (DCs) or DC-like cell lines. Here, we focus on inhibitory molecules expressed on the surface of DCs and their corresponding receptors on T cells. We summarize insight into the function of CTLA-4, the ligands of inducible co-stimulators (ICOSs), and on the inhibitory receptor programmed death (PD). The targeting of immune cell surface receptors by inhibitory molecules holds some promise with regard to the development of T cell-based sensitization assays. Firstly, a broader and more sensitive dynamic range of detection could be achieved by blocking inhibitors or by removing inhibiting regulatory T cells from the assays. Secondly, the actual expression levels of inhibitory molecules could be also a valuable indicator for the process of sensitization. Finally, inhibitory molecules in coculture test systems are supposed to have a major influence on DCs by reverse signaling, thereby affecting their differentiation and maturation status in a feedback loop. In conclusion, inhibitory ligands of DC surface receptors and/or their cognate receptors on T cells could serve as useful tools in cell-based assays, directly influencing toxicological endpoints such as sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Peiser
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany,
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18
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Abdou AG, Shoeib M, Bakry OA, El-Bality H. Immunohistochemical expression of granzyme B and perforin in discoid lupus erythematosus. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 37:408-16. [PMID: 23980805 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.816400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic photosensitive dermatosis characterized by scarring and atrophy. Granzyme B is a serine protease found in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Perforin permits delivery of the cytotoxic granzymes A and B into target cells to induce apoptosis and cause target cell death. The current study investigated the expression of granzyme B and perforin in 25 cases of DLE and in 10 cases of normal skin by immunohistochemistry and correlated their expression with the clinicopathological features in the studied DLE group. Both granzyme B and perforin were expressed in DLE with absent expression in normal skin. They were parallelly expressed in DLE where granzyme B was associated with features of chronicity such as old age (p = 0.05) and long duration of the disease (p = 0.05). Perforin expression in DLE was associated with male gender (p = 0.04) and outdoor workers (p = 0.04). Finally, expression of both granzyme B and perforin in dermal lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in DLE may indicate the cytotoxicity of the infiltrate. The parallel expression of both molecules may refer to the cooperative relationship between them to enhance cytotoxicity. Higher expression of granzyme B than perforin may indicate the presence of other pathways for granzyme B release independent from perforin.
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19
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Kim DY, Kim JY, Kim TG, Kwon JE, Sohn H, Park J, Lim BJ, Oh SH. A comparison of inflammatory mediator expression between palmoplantar pustulosis and pompholyx. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27:1559-65. [PMID: 23802874 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and pompholyx are clinically characterized by acute eruptions of vesicles or pustules on the palms or soles. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the expression of certain inflammatory mediator genes and proteins between patients with PPP and pompholyx using skin tissue samples. METHODS Skin biopsies obtained from lesional skin from patients with PPP (n = 7) and pompholyx (n = 5) were analysed by quantitative RT-PCR to measure the mRNA levels of nine genes, including IL-4, IL-8, IL-9, IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, CCL-20, granzyme and perforin. For immunohistochemical analysis, 34 paraffin-embedded skin specimens (PPP, n = 22; pompholyx, n = 12) were stained with anti-IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22 and granzyme B antibodies. RESULTS Of genes analysed, IL-8 and IL-17A mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the PPP group than the pompholyx group (P = 0.012 in both), whereas the mRNA expression of granzyme B was significantly higher in pompholyx when compared with PPP (P = 0.004). Regarding the IL-17A immunohistochemical staining, tissue from the PPP lesions contained significantly more IL-17A(+) cells in both the epidermis and papillary dermis when compared with pompholyx (P < 0.001 and P = 0.019 respectively). Moreover, the intensity of the IL-8 immunoreactivity was also greater in the PPP skin lesions than the pompholyx tissue (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS IL-8 and IL-17A, both are increased in PPP tissue, may represent important immunologic mediators that help to differentiate this clinical entity from pompholyx. This study may provide useful clues in distinguishing PPP from pompholyx, as well as helping to understand the pathogeneses of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Peiser M, Platzek T, Luch A. Bewertung des sensibilisierenden Potenzials von Stoffen in Kosmetika und Bedarfsgegenständen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2012; 55:373-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-011-1435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Massari D, Prpic-Massari L, Kehler T, Kastelan M, Curkovic B, Persic V, Ruzic A, Laskarin G. Analysis of granulysin-mediated cytotoxicity in peripheral blood of patients with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:2777-84. [PMID: 21830153 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate possible changes in granulysin (GNLY)-mediated cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with respect to different phases of the disease. We prospectively enrolled 25 PsA patients in the active phase, 26 PsA patients in remission and 24 healthy controls. The simultaneous detection of intracellular GNLY and cell surface antigens (CD3 and CD56) was performed with flow cytometry. GNLY apoptotic protein was visualised by immunocytochemistry. Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity was analysed with a cytotoxicity assay against human erythroleukaemia K-562 cells. The percentage of GNLY(+) cells did not differ significantly between PsA patients in the acute phase and those in remission; however, it was always higher than in healthy examinees due to the increased percentage of GNLY(+) cells within T cells, NKT cells, and both, and in the CD56(+dim) and CD56(+bright) NK subsets. The mean fluorescence intensity for GNLY was higher in all lymphocyte subpopulations in the acute phase than in remission and in healthy controls. Accordingly, GNLY-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity against K-562 cells of active phase PsA patients was significantly higher than that in patients in remission or in healthy controls. These findings demonstrated the involvement of GNLY in the worsening of PsA and suggested that GNLY mediated the development of joint lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/immunology
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/pathology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD56 Antigen/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Remission Induction
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Massari
- Thalassotherapia Opatija, Special Hospital for Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism, M. Tita 188, 51410 Opatija, Croatia
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22
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Omoto Y, Yamanaka K, Tokime K, Kitano S, Kakeda M, Akeda T, Kurokawa I, Gabazza EC, Tsutsui H, Katayama N, Yamanishi K, Nakanishi K, Mizutani H. Granzyme B is a novel interleukin-18 converting enzyme. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 59:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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CESINARO ANNAMARIA, NANNINI NAZARENA, MIGALDI MARIO, PEPE PATRIZIA, MAIORANA ANTONIO. Psoriasis vs allergic contact dermatitis in palms and soles: a quantitative histologic and immunohistochemical study. APMIS 2009; 117:629-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The cytotoxic granzyme B (GrB)/perforin pathway has been traditionally viewed as a primary mechanism that is used by cytotoxic lymphocytes to eliminate allogeneic, virally infected and/or transformed cells. Although originally proposed to have intracellular and extracellular functions, upon the discovery that perforin, in combination with GrB, could induce apoptosis, other potential functions for this protease were, for the most part, disregarded. As there are 5 granzymes in humans and 11 granzymes in mice, many studies used perforin knockout mice as an initial screen to evaluate the role of granzymes in disease. However, in recent years, emerging clinical and biochemical evidence has shown that the latter approach may have overlooked a critical perforin-independent, pathogenic role for these proteases in disease. This review focuses on GrB, the most characterized of the granzyme family, in disease. Long known to be a pro-apoptotic protease expressed by cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells, it is now accepted that GrB can be expressed in other cell types of immune and nonimmune origin. To the latter, an emerging immune-independent role for GrB has been forwarded due to recent discoveries that GrB may be expressed in nonimmune cells such as smooth muscle cells, keratinocytes, and chondrocytes in certain disease states. Given that GrB retains its activity in the blood, can cleave extracellular matrix, and its levels are often elevated in chronic inflammatory diseases, this protease may be an important contributor to certain pathologies. The implications of sustained elevations of intracellular and extracellular GrB in chronic vascular, dermatological, and neurological diseases, among others, are developing. This review examines, for the first time, the multiple roles of GrB in disease pathogenesis.
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25
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Phenotypical characteristics of the immune cells in allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and pityriasis rosea. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 15:73-9. [PMID: 18798012 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a cell-mediated, delayed type IV immunologic reaction. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that results from a complex interaction between immunologic, genetic, and environmental factors. Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limited eruption of unknown etiology. Immune cell infiltrate is a constant feature in the inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we performed phenotypical characterization of the immune cells in ACD, AD and PR (ten cases each). We performed immunohistochemical stains for B cells (CD20), T cells (CD3), histiocytes (CD68) and T cells with cytotoxic activity (granzyme-B). The data were compared with findings in 20 specimens of normal skin. The results were scored as mean values of positively stained immune cells. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly high counts of immune cells in lesional skin (ACD, AD and PR) compared to the normal one (p < 0.05). In the lesional skin, the immune cells were composed predominantly of CD3(+) T lymphocytes and CD68(+) cells (histiocytes). Some of the CD3(+) cells were granzyme B(+). The counts of some immune cells (CD3(+) and CD68(+)) were high in ACD compared to AD and PR. The counts of CD20(+) and granzyme B(+) cells were high in PR compared to ACD and AD. However, these differences did not reach the level of statistical significance. The present data describe the profile of the immune cell infiltrate in AD, ACD and PR. The cell-mediated immunity seems to have critical role in the development of these lesions.
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26
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Strickland FM, Richardson BC. Epigenetics in human autoimmunity. Epigenetics in autoimmunity - DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus and beyond. Autoimmunity 2008; 41:278-86. [PMID: 18432408 DOI: 10.1080/08916930802024616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and function of the immune system. Similarly, a failure to maintain epigenetic homeostasis in the immune response due to factors including environmental influences, leads to aberrant gene expression, contributing to immune dysfunction and in some cases the development of autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. This is exemplified by systemic lupus erythematosus, where environmentally induced epigenetic changes contribute to disease pathogenesis in those genetically predisposed. Similar interactions between genetically determined susceptibility and environmental factors are implicated in other systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma, as well as in organ specific autoimmunity. The skin is exposed to a wide variety of environmental agents, including UV radiation, and is prone to the development of autoimmune conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and some forms of vitiligo, depending on environmental and genetic influences. Herein we review how disruption of epigenetic mechanisms can alter immune function using lupus as an example, and summarize how similar mechanisms may contribute to other human autoimmune rheumatic and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Strickland
- The Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease caused by contact with irritants or allergens. Irritant contact dermatitis is a result of nonspecific irritant factors, which cause activation of mainly innate immunity, resulting in skin inflammation. Contact hypersensitivity, which manifests itself as allergic contact dermatitis, is result of adaptive immune response, where sensitization to hapten-carrier complexes leads to T-cell-mediated contact allergy. Subsequent contact with the hapten results in skin inflammation. This review concentrates on the role of cutaneous receptors in contact dermatitis and highlights potential targets for treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Fyhrquist-Vanni
- Unit of Excellence for Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
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Prpić Massari L, Kastelan M, Laskarin G, Zamolo G, Massari D, Rukavina D. Analysis of perforin expression in peripheral blood and lesions in severe and mild psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47:29-36. [PMID: 17412565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perforin is a membrane-disrupting protein that allows the entry of granzymes into a target cell inducing degradation of target substances in the cytoplasm and nucleus thus leading to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Recent work demonstrated a possible involvement of perforin mediated cytotoxicity in immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To investigate a difference in systemic (peripheral blood) and local (lesions) expression and distribution of perforin in psoriatic patients with severe and mild disease. METHODS Flow cytometry was used for simultaneous detection of intracellular (perforin) and cell surface antigens in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The expression of perforin in skin lesions was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significant increase of perforin expression in T lymphocytes, especially cytotoxic CD8+ cells was found in severe psoriasis compared to mild disease (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). There was also an increase of CD56+P+ NK cells (p<0.05) in severe compared to mild psoriasis. The psoriatic plaque of both, severe and mild disease were abundant with perforin showing no significant difference on local level. CONCLUSION Based on our results we suggest the association between perforin expression and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Prpić Massari
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 42, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Hunger RE, Brönnimann M, Kappeler A, Mueller C, Braathen LR, Yawalkar N. Detection of perforin and granzyme B mRNA expressing cells in lichen sclerosus. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:416-20. [PMID: 17437484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Granzyme B and perforin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has been shown to be a specific in vivo activation marker for cytotoxic cells. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed on serial tissue sections of lesional skin biopsies and normal skin as control. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the cellular infiltrate of diseased skin consisted predominantly of T cells (CD3+) and some B cells (CD20+). Among T cells CD4+ and CD8+ cells were found in about equal numbers. In normal skin samples perforin and granzyme B mRNA expressing cells were only rarely found. In contrast, in biopsies from diseased skin a high percentage of infiltrating cells expressed mRNA for perforin and granzyme B. The perforin and granzyme B expressing cells were found in the dermal infiltrate and intraepidermally in close proximity to keratinocytes suggesting in situ activation of these cells. These findings provide evidence that cell-mediated cytotoxicity plays a significant role in tissue destruction in lichen sclerosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Hunger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Stary G, Bangert C, Tauber M, Strohal R, Kopp T, Stingl G. Tumoricidal activity of TLR7/8-activated inflammatory dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:1441-51. [PMID: 17535975 PMCID: PMC2118597 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic agonist to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, is being successfully used for the treatment of certain skin neoplasms, but the exact mechanisms by which this compound induces tumor regression are not yet understood. While treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients with topical IMQ, we detected, by immunohistochemistry, sizable numbers of both myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) within the inflammatory infiltrate. Surprisingly, peritumoral mDCs stained positive for perforin and granzyme B, whereas infiltrating pDCs expressed tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The biological relevance of this observation can be deduced from our further findings that peripheral blood–derived CD11c+ mDCs acquired antiperforin and anti–granzyme B reactivity upon TLR7/8 stimulation and could use these molecules to effectively lyse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ilo cancer cell lines. The same activation protocol led pDCs to kill MHC class I–bearing Jurkat cells in a TRAIL-dependent fashion. While suggesting that mDCs and pDCs are directly involved in the IMQ-induced destruction of BCC lesions, our data also add a new facet to the functional spectrum of DCs, ascribing to them a major role not only in the initiation but also in the effector phase of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Schmid D, Pypaert M, Münz C. Antigen-loading compartments for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules continuously receive input from autophagosomes. Immunity 2006; 26:79-92. [PMID: 17182262 PMCID: PMC1805710 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules present products of lysosomal proteolysis to CD4(+) T cells. Although extracellular antigen uptake is considered to be the main source of MHC class II ligands, a few intracellular antigens have been described to gain access to MHC class II loading after macroautophagy. However, the general relevance and efficacy of this pathway is unknown. Here we demonstrated constitutive autophagosome formation in MHC class II-positive cells, including dendritic, B, and epithelial cells. The autophagosomes continuously fuse with multivesicular MHC class II-loading compartments. This pathway was of functional relevance, because targeting of the influenza matrix protein 1 to autophagosomes via fusion to the autophagosome-associated protein Atg8/LC3 led to strongly enhanced MHC class II presentation to CD4(+) T cell clones. We suggest that macroautophagy constitutively and efficiently delivers cytosolic proteins for MHC class II presentation and can be harnessed for improved helper T cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schmid
- Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology and Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Marc Pypaert
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Christian Münz
- Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology and Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
- *correspondence should be addressed to: Christian Münz (; phone: 212-327-7612; fax: 212-327-7887)
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Beltrani VS, Bernstein I, Cohen DE, Fonacier L. Contact dermatitis: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
CD4(+) T cells co-ordinate adaptive immunity and are required for immunological memory establishment and maintenance. They are thought to primarily recognize extracellular antigens, which are endocytosed, processed by lysosomal proteases and then presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. However, recent studies have demonstrated that viral, tumour and autoantigens can gain access to this antigen presentation pathway from within cells by autophagy. This review will discuss the autophagic pathways that contribute to endogenous MHC class II antigen processing. Furthermore, potential characteristics of autophagy substrates, qualifying them to access these pathways, and regulation of autophagy will be considered. Finally, I will suggest how antigen presentation after autophagy might contribute to immune surveillance of infected and transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology and Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Morizane S, Suzuki D, Tsuji K, Oono T, Iwatsuki K. The role of CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the formation of viral vesicles. Br J Dermatol 2006; 153:981-6. [PMID: 16225610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpetic vesicles caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, and hydroa vacciniforme (HV) are characterized by umbilicated vesicule formation. OBJECTIVES To understand the histogenesis of umbilicated vesicles in herpetic vesicles and HV, we demonstrated the presence of the virus-associated molecules in the lesions, and the pathogenic role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses. METHODS Phenotyping of infiltrating cells was carried out in biopsy specimens from herpes simplex, varicella, herpes zoster and HV, and compared with nonviral contact dermatitis. Viral antigens and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) were detected by immunostaining and by in situ hybridization, respectively. Infiltrating CTLs expressing granzyme B and granulysin were determined by double immunostaining using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS In all herpetic vesicles, the corresponding viral antigens were observed in the cytopathic keratinocytes, and infiltration of lymphoid cells was present in the upper dermis and around the vessels. In all HV lesions studied, EBER+ T cells made up 5-10% of the dermal infiltrates and the dermal infiltrates contained almost no CD56 cells. CTLs expressing granzyme B and granulysin were present in both herpetic and HV lesions, in which they made up 10-30% of the total dermal infiltrates, whereas they comprised less than 5% of the infiltrates of biopsy specimens from nonviral contact dermatitis. Confocal laser microscopic examination demonstrated that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed granzyme B and granulysin. CONCLUSIONS CD4+ and/or CD8+ CTLs reactive to the virus-infected cells might be responsible for the histogenesis of herpetic and HV lesions characterized by umbilicated vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Samoud S, Cherif F, Ben Osman Dhahri A, Louzir H. P187 - Rôle de la granzyme B et de la granulysine dans les lésions psoriasiques. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(05)79916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Paludan C, Schmid D, Landthaler M, Vockerodt M, Kube D, Tuschl T, Münz C. Endogenous MHC class II processing of a viral nuclear antigen after autophagy. Science 2004; 307:593-6. [PMID: 15591165 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells classically recognize antigens that are endocytosed and processed in lysosomes for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Here, endogenous Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) was found to gain access to this pathway by autophagy. On inhibition of lysosomal acidification, EBNA1, the dominant CD4+ T cell antigen of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection, slowly accumulated in cytosolic autophagosomes. In addition, inhibition of autophagy decreased recognition by EBNA1-specific CD4+ T cell clones. Thus, lysosomal processing after autophagy may contribute to MHC class II-restricted surveillance of long-lived endogenous antigens including nuclear proteins relevant to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Paludan
- Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Ambach A, Bonnekoh B, Gollnick H. Routine flow cytometric immuno-staining of T-cell perforin is preserved using diethylene glycol for erythrocyte-lysis but lost by the use of ammonium chloride. Exp Dermatol 2004; 12:825-31. [PMID: 14714563 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2003.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The system of perforin-containing lytic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes plays an important role in the immune defense machinery. Investigating the capacity and efficacy of this system in and ex vivo is helpful to understand immune responses and their modulation by therapeutic interventions. With regard to its pathophysiological function, we recently demonstrated a substantial increase of perforin-positive CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with acute exacerbated psoriasis and severe generalized drug reactions, and, in marked contrast, a highly significant perforin-depletion and a perforin-hyperreleasability in atopic dermatitis (AD). To streamline the perforin staining procedure, isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by Ficoll density centrifugation was to be replaced by lysis of erythrocytes. Ammonium chloride lysis, however, reduced the perforin content of CD8+ T cells substantially (up to 75-100%) as compared with Ficoll isolation of PMC. Incubation of cells in concanamycin A, a selective inhibitor of H+-ATPases, resulted in a similar loss of perforin staining pointing to the critical influence of lysosomal pH. Using diethylene glycol-mediated erythrocyte lysis, perforin was well preserved to be readily detectable by immuno flow cytometry. Representative examples of the application of this optimized perforin staining procedure as well as accumulated data are given for various dermatological disorders (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous drug reactions, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with strong involvement of the cytotoxic T-cell population. Our findings may help to explain recent conflicting reports about a widely varying range of the portion of perforin-positive cells in healthy individuals as a reflection of such artificial methodological influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ambach
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Tomasini D, Tomasini CF, Cerri A, Sangalli G, Palmedo G, Hantschke M, Kutzner H. Pityriasis lichenoides: a cytotoxic T-cell-mediated skin disorder. Evidence of human parvovirus B19 DNA in nine cases. J Cutan Pathol 2004; 31:531-8. [PMID: 15268707 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) probably represent the polar ends of the same pathologic process, i.e. pityriasis lichenoides (PL), with intermediate forms in between. Previous studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory infiltrate in PLEVA is composed of cytotoxic suppressor T cells, whereas in PLC the helper/inducer T-cell population drives the immunological answer. Furthermore, monoclonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor-gamma (TCR-gamma) genes was repeatedly found both in PLEVA and PLC. METHODS Forty-one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 40 cases of PL were retrieved from the files of the authors. Immunophenotyping for cytotoxic granular proteins (Tia-1/GMP-17 and Granzyme B) and T-cell-related antigens (n = 41), TCR-gamma chain gene analysis (n = 30) and molecular investigations for parvovirus B19 (PVB19) DNA (n = 30) were performed. RESULTS Overlapping immunophenotypes were observed in PLEVA and PLC. The dermal and epidermal T cells predominantly expressed CD2, CD3, CD8, and Tia-1 with a variable positivity for CD45RA, CD45RO, and Granzyme B. A monoclonal rearrangement pattern of the TCR-gamma genes was detected in three cases (10%). PVB19 DNA was found in nine cases (30%). T-cell monoclonality in conjunction with genomic PVB19 DNA was present in one case. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PL is a skin disorder mediated by the effector cytotoxic T-cell population. The identification of PVB19 DNA in nine cases may be interpreted ambiguously: PVB19 as a true pathogen or as an innocent bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tomasini
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Busto Arsizio, Piazza Solaro 3, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy.
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Crowson AN, Brown TJ, Magro CM. Progress in the understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of cutaneous drug eruptions : implications for management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4:407-28. [PMID: 12762833 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200304060-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous drug eruptions are among the most common adverse reactions to drug therapy. The etiology may reflect immunologic or nonimmunologic mechanisms, the former encompassing all of the classic Gell and Combs immune mechanisms. Cumulative and synergistic effects of drugs include those interactions of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors reflecting the alteration by one drug of the effective serum concentration of another and the functions of drugs and their metabolites that interact to evoke cutaneous and systemic adverse reactions. Recent observations include the role of concurrent infection with lymphotropic viruses and drug effects that, through the enhancement of lymphoid blast transformation and/or lymphocyte survival and the contribution of intercurrent systemic connective tissue disease syndromes, promote enhanced lymphocyte longevity and the acquisition of progressively broadening autoantibody specificities. The latter are particularly opposite to drug-induced lupus erythematosus and to drug reactions in the setting of HIV infection. Specific common types of cutaneous drug eruptions will be discussed in this review. Successful management of cutaneous drug eruptions relies upon the prompt discontinuation of the causative medication; most drug eruptions have a good prognosis after this is accomplished. Oral or topical corticosteroids can be administered to aid in the resolution of some types of eruptions. Antihistamines or anti-inflammatory agents may also be administered for some eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neil Crowson
- University of Oklahoma and Regional Medical Laboratories, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
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Posadas SJ, Torres MJ, Mayorga C, Juarez C, Blanca M. Gene expression levels of cytokine profile and cytotoxic markers in non-immediate reactions to drugs. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2002; 29:179-89. [PMID: 12490285 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2002.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drugs can induce IgE mediated or T cell dependent immunological reactions. T cell dependent reactions are poorly understood, although T lymphocytes have been proposed as a protagonist in a number of non-immediate immunological reactions (NIR). The objective was to study in vivo different regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic markers in patients with NIR to drugs. Twenty patients with NIR after drug intake were classified into two groups: Group A (severe), Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis; and Group B (mild), maculopapular exanthema and desquamative exanthema. Another 25 subjects taking the same drugs but without reactions formed a control group. Samples were obtained within 24 hours of the reaction and 30 days later. IL-2, IL-4, IFN, TNF, perforin, granzyme B (GrB), and FasL mRNA expression levels were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by competitive RT-PCR. There were 9 patients in Group A and 11 in Group B. The drugs involved were betalactams (8), anticonvulsants (6), allopurinol (1), sulfamethoxazole (1), amiodarone (1) dypirone (2), and erythromicine+paracetamol (1). At the acute stage there was a high increase of IL-2, IFN, and TNF mRNA expression in both groups vs. controls, perforin and GrB varied in each group with patients in Group A having the highest values, and FasL was only expressed in Group A. Relationships between the cytokines were only significant in Group B (p < 0.05). Only the relation between IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was significant in Group A. There was a significant correlation between cytotoxic markers in both groups (A: p < 0.001, B: p < 0.01). These data demonstrate the complexity of the Th1 phenotype in NIR after drug intake. In patients with mild NIR, cytokines appear to play a closely related role, whereas cytotoxic markers appear more relevant in severe reactions.
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Girolomoni G, Sebastiani S, Albanesi C, Cavani A. T-cell subpopulations in the development of atopic and contact allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2001; 13:733-7. [PMID: 11677098 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(01)00287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of skin diseases mediated by T cells. T-cell subsets responsible for the expression and regulation of allergic contact dermatitis to small chemicals or 'haptens' have been defined further, and the dynamics of T cells involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis have been clarified. In addition, studies are beginning to reveal the important contribution of skin resident cells to atopic dermatitis and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Girolomoni
- Laboratory of Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Roma, Italy.
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Yawalkar N, Schmid S, Braathen LR, Pichler WJ. Perforin and granzyme B may contribute to skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144:1133-9. [PMID: 11422032 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infiltration of the skin by pathogenic T cells is regarded as a key factor in the development of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether T cells containing cytotoxic proteins may contribute to the generation of skin inflammation in these skin diseases. METHODS Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from non-lesional and lesional skin of patients with chronic AD (n = 8) and psoriasis (n = 6), and from non-atopic controls with normal skin (n = 6). Expression of perforin and granzyme B was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A significant enhancement of perforin and granzyme B expression was observed in lesional AD skin as compared with normal skin, non-lesional AD skin and psoriasis. Expression of these cytotoxic proteins was also increased in psoriasis as compared with normal skin and non-lesional psoriatic skin. Immunoreactivity for perforin and granzyme B was mainly found in the cytoplasm of lymphocytic cells located in the perivascular infiltrate. In AD increased numbers of positive cells were also observed focally at sites of spongiosis in the epidermis. Double immunostaining revealed that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are capable of expressing perforin and granzyme B. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells containing perforin and granzyme B may play an integral part in eliciting cutaneous inflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yawalkar
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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