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Griffin EN, Jucius T, Sim SE, Harris BS, Heinz S, Ackerman SL. RREB1 regulates neuronal proteostasis and the microtubule network. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh3929. [PMID: 38198538 PMCID: PMC10780896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors play vital roles in neuron development; however, little is known about the role of these proteins in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Here, we show that the transcription factor RREB1 (Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1) is essential for neuron survival in the mammalian brain. A spontaneous mouse mutation causing loss of a nervous system-enriched Rreb1 transcript is associated with progressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and ataxia. Analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, along with RNA sequencing data revealed dysregulation of RREB1 targets associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton. In agreement with the known role of microtubules in dendritic development, dendritic complexity was disrupted in Rreb1-deficient neurons. Analysis of sequencing data also suggested that RREB1 plays a role in the endomembrane system. Mutant Purkinje cells had fewer numbers of autophagosomes and lysosomes and contained P62- and ubiquitin-positive inclusions. Together, these studies demonstrate that RREB1 functions to maintain the microtubule network and proteostasis in mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Griffin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Jucius
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Su-Eon Sim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan L. Ackerman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Thornburg-Suresh EJC, Richardson JE, Summers DW. The Stathmin-2 membrane-targeting domain is required for axon protection and regulated degradation by DLK signaling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104861. [PMID: 37236359 PMCID: PMC10404615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon integrity is essential for functional connectivity in the nervous system. The degeneration of stressed or damaged axons is a common and sometimes initiating event in neurodegenerative disorders. Stathmin-2 (Stmn2) is an axon maintenance factor that is depleted in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and replenishment of Stmn2 can restore neurite outgrowth in diseased neurons. However, mechanisms responsible for Stmn2-mediated axon maintenance in injured neurons are not known. We used primary sensory neurons to interrogate the role of Stmn2 in the degeneration of severed axons. We discover that membrane association of Stmn2 is critical for its axon-protective activity. Structure-function studies revealed that axonal enrichment of Stmn2 is driven by palmitoylation as well as tubulin interaction. Using live imaging, we discover that another Stmn, Stmn3, comigrates with Stmn2-containing vesicles. We also demonstrate that Stmn3 undergoes regulated degradation through dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. The Stmn2 membrane-targeting domain is both necessary and sufficient for localization to a specific vesicle population and confers sensitivity to DLK-dependent degradation. Our findings reveal a broader role for DLK in tuning the local abundance of palmitoylated Stmns in axon segments. Moreover, palmitoylation is a critical component of Stmn-mediated axon protection, and defining the Stmn2-containing vesicle population will provide important clues toward mechanisms of axon maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J C Thornburg-Suresh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Daniel W Summers
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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3
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Tshilenge KT, Aguirre CG, Bons J, Gerencser AA, Basisty N, Song S, Rose J, Lopez-Ramirez A, Naphade S, Loureiro A, Battistoni E, Milani M, Wehrfritz C, Holtz A, Hetz C, Mooney SD, Schilling B, Ellerby LM. Proteomic Analysis of Huntington's Disease Medium Spiny Neurons Identifies Alterations in Lipid Droplets. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100534. [PMID: 36958627 PMCID: PMC10165459 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. The resulting polyglutamine (polyQ) tract alters the function of the HTT protein. Although HTT is expressed in different tissues, the medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) in the striatum are particularly vulnerable in HD. Thus, we sought to define the proteome of human HD patient-derived MSNs. We differentiated HD72 induced pluripotent stem cells and isogenic controls into MSNs and carried out quantitative proteomic analysis. Using data-dependent acquisitions with FAIMS for label-free quantification on the Orbitrap Lumos mass spectrometer, we identified 6,323 proteins with at least two unique peptides. Of these, 901 proteins were altered significantly more in the HD72-MSNs than in isogenic controls. Functional enrichment analysis of upregulated proteins demonstrated extracellular matrix and DNA signaling (DNA replication pathway, double-strand break repair, G1/S transition) with the highest significance. Conversely, processes associated with the downregulated proteins included neurogenesis-axogenesis, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-signaling pathway, Ephrin-A: EphA pathway, regulation of synaptic plasticity, triglyceride homeostasis cholesterol, plasmid lipoprotein particle immune response, interferon-γ signaling, immune system major histocompatibility complex, lipid metabolism and cellular response to stimulus. Moreover, proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of axons, dendrites, and synapses (e.g., Septin protein members) were dysregulated in HD72-MSNs. Importantly, lipid metabolism pathways were altered, and using quantitative image, we found analysis that lipid droplets accumulated in the HD72-MSN, suggesting a deficit in the turnover of lipids possibly through lipophagy. Our proteomics analysis of HD72-MSNs identified relevant pathways that are altered in MSNs and confirm current and new therapeutic targets for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Galicia Aguirre
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90893, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Akos A Gerencser
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, 21244, USA
| | - Sicheng Song
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | | | - Swati Naphade
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Ashley Loureiro
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Elena Battistoni
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile
| | - Cameron Wehrfritz
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Anja Holtz
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90893, USA.
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90893, USA.
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4
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Lépine S, Castellanos-Montiel MJ, Durcan TM. TDP-43 dysregulation and neuromuscular junction disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:56. [PMID: 36575535 PMCID: PMC9793560 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron (MN) loss with a signature feature of cytoplasmic aggregates containing TDP-43, which are detected in nearly all patients. Mutations in the gene that encodes TDP-43 (TARBDP) are known to result in both familial and sporadic ALS. In ALS, disruption of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) constitutes a critical event in disease pathogenesis, leading to denervation atrophy, motor impairments and disability. Morphological defects and impaired synaptic transmission at NMJs have been reported in several TDP-43 animal models and in vitro, linking TDP-43 dysregulation to the loss of NMJ integrity in ALS. Through the lens of the dying-back and dying-forward hypotheses of ALS, this review discusses the roles of TDP-43 related to synaptic function, with a focus on the potential molecular mechanisms occurring within MNs, skeletal muscles and glial cells that may contribute to NMJ disruption in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lépine
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3605 De La Montagne, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1 Canada
| | - Maria José Castellanos-Montiel
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Thomas Martin Durcan
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
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5
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Coding and Noncoding Genes Involved in Atrophy and Compensatory Muscle Growth in Nile Tilapia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162504. [PMID: 36010581 PMCID: PMC9406742 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in growth-related traits reduce fish time and production costs to reach market size. Feed deprivation and refeeding cycles have been introduced to maximize aquaculture profits through compensatory growth. However, the molecular compensatory growth signature is still uncertain in Nile tilapia. In this study, fish were subjected to two weeks of fasting followed by two weeks of refeeding. The growth curve in refed tilapia was suggestive of a partial compensatory response. Transcriptome profiling of starved and refed fish was conducted to identify genes regulating muscle atrophy and compensatory growth. Pairwise comparisons revealed 5009 and 478 differentially expressed (differential) transcripts during muscle atrophy and recovery, respectively. Muscle atrophy appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy/lysosome systems. Autophagy-related 2A, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, F-box only protein 32, miR-137, and miR-153 showed exceptional high expression suggesting them as master regulators of muscle atrophy. On the other hand, the muscle compensatory growth response appears to be mediated by the continuous stimulation of muscle hypertrophy which exceeded normal levels found in control fish. For instance, genes promoting ribosome biogenesis or enhancing the efficiency of translational machinery were upregulated in compensatory muscle growth. Additionally, myogenic microRNAs (e.g., miR-1 and miR-206), and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-27a-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29c) were reciprocally expressed to favor hypertrophy during muscle recovery. Overall, the present study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle mass in fish. The study pinpoints extensive growth-related gene networks that could be used to inform breeding programs and also serve as valuable genomic resources for future mechanistic studies.
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6
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Hosseindoost S, Akbarabadi A, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Mousavi SM, Khalifeh S, Mokri A, Hadjighassem M, Zarrindast MR. Effect of tramadol on apoptosis and synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons: The possible role of µ-opioid receptor. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1425-1433. [PMID: 35808942 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid with centrally acting analgesic activity that alleviates moderate to severe pain and treats withdrawal symptoms of the other opioids. Like other opioid drugs, tramadol abuse has adverse effects on central nervous system components. Chronic administration of tramadol induces maladaptive plasticity in brain structures responsible for cognitive function, such as the hippocampus. However, the mechanisms by which tramadol induces these alternations are not entirely understood. Here, we examine the effect of tramadol on apoptosis and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neuronal in vitro. First, the primary culture of hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats was established, and the purity of the neuronal cells was verified by immunofluorescent staining. To evaluate the effect of tramadol on neuronal cell viability MTT assay was carried out. The western blot analysis technique was performed for the assessment of apoptosis and synaptogenesis markers. Results show that chronic exposure to tramadol reduces cell viability of neuronal cells and naloxone reverses this effect. Also, the level of caspase-3 significantly increased in tramadol-exposed hippocampal neurons. Moreover, tramadol downregulates protein levels of synaptophysin and stathmin as synaptogenesis markers. Interestingly, the effects of tramadol were abrogated by naloxone treatment. These findings suggest that tramadol can induce neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells, and this effect was partly mediated through opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saereh Hosseindoost
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Akbarabadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed M Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azarakhsh Mokri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Krus KL, Strickland A, Yamada Y, Devault L, Schmidt RE, Bloom AJ, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. Loss of Stathmin-2, a hallmark of TDP-43-associated ALS, causes motor neuropathy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111001. [PMID: 35767949 PMCID: PMC9327139 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 mediates proper Stathmin-2 (STMN2) mRNA splicing, and STMN2 protein is reduced in the spinal cord of most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To test the hypothesis that STMN2 loss contributes to ALS pathogenesis, we generated constitutive and conditional STMN2 knockout mice. Constitutive STMN2 loss results in early-onset sensory and motor neuropathy featuring impaired motor behavior and dramatic distal neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation of fast-fatigable motor units, which are selectively vulnerable in ALS, without axon or motoneuron degeneration. Selective excision of STMN2 in motoneurons leads to similar NMJ pathology. STMN2 knockout heterozygous mice, which better model the partial loss of STMN2 protein found in patients with ALS, display a slowly progressive, motor-selective neuropathy with functional deficits and NMJ denervation. Thus, our findings strongly support the hypothesis that STMN2 reduction owing to TDP-43 pathology contributes to ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Krus
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy Strickland
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Devault
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert E Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A Joseph Bloom
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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8
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Guerra San Juan I, Nash LA, Smith KS, Leyton-Jaimes MF, Qian M, Klim JR, Limone F, Dorr AB, Couto A, Pintacuda G, Joseph BJ, Whisenant DE, Noble C, Melnik V, Potter D, Holmes A, Burberry A, Verhage M, Eggan K. Loss of mouse Stmn2 function causes motor neuropathy. Neuron 2022; 110:1671-1688.e6. [PMID: 35294901 PMCID: PMC9119928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by motor neuron degeneration accompanied by aberrant accumulation and loss of function of the RNA-binding protein TDP43. Thus far, it remains unresolved to what extent TDP43 loss of function directly contributes to motor system dysfunction. Here, we employed gene editing to find whether the mouse ortholog of the TDP43-regulated gene STMN2 has an important function in maintaining the motor system. Both mosaic founders and homozygous loss-of-function Stmn2 mice exhibited neuromuscular junction denervation and fragmentation, resulting in muscle atrophy and impaired motor behavior, accompanied by an imbalance in neuronal microtubule dynamics in the spinal cord. The introduction of human STMN2 through BAC transgenesis was sufficient to rescue the motor phenotypes observed in Stmn2 mutant mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that disrupting the ortholog of a single TDP43-regulated RNA is sufficient to cause substantial motor dysfunction, indicating that disruption of TDP43 function is likely a contributor to ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irune Guerra San Juan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leslie A Nash
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin S Smith
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marcel F Leyton-Jaimes
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Menglu Qian
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joseph R Klim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Francesco Limone
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander B Dorr
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Couto
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Greta Pintacuda
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brian J Joseph
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D Eric Whisenant
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Caroline Noble
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Veronika Melnik
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Deirdre Potter
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amie Holmes
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aaron Burberry
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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9
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Soliman A, Bakota L, Brandt R. Microtubule-modulating Agents in the Fight Against Neurodegeneration: Will it ever Work? Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:782-798. [PMID: 34852744 PMCID: PMC9878958 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule skeleton plays an essential role in nerve cells as the most important structural determinant of morphology and as a highway for axonal transport processes. Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by changes in the structure and organization of microtubules and microtubule-regulating proteins such as the microtubule-associated protein tau, which exhibits characteristic changes in a whole class of diseases collectively referred to as tauopathies. Changes in the dynamics of microtubules appear to occur early under neurodegenerative conditions and are also likely to contribute to age-related dysfunction of neurons. Thus, modulating microtubule dynamics and correcting impaired microtubule stability can be a useful neuroprotective strategy to counteract the disruption of the microtubule system in disease and aging. In this article, we review current microtubule- directed approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with microtubules as a drug target, tau as a drug target, and post-translational modifications as potential modifiers of the microtubule system. We discuss limitations of the approaches that can be traced back to the rather unspecific mechanism of action, which causes undesirable side effects in non-neuronal cell types or which are due to the disruption of non-microtubule-related interactions. We also develop some thoughts on how the specificity of the approaches can be improved and what further targets could be used for modulating substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Soliman
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany;,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany;,Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Tel: +49 541 969 2338; E-mail:
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10
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Oh YE, Nguyen TB, Rami FZ, Karamikheirabad M, Chung YC. Impact of Social Defeat Stress on DNA Methylation in Drd2, Nr3c1, and Stmn1 in Wild-type and Stmn1 Knock-out Mice. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:51-60. [PMID: 35078948 PMCID: PMC8813314 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Epigenetic profiles can be modified by stress. Dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2), glucocorticoid receptor gene (Nr3c1) and Stathmin 1 (Stmn1) genes are all implicated in adaptation to stress. The aim of study is to investigate impact of social defeat on DNA methylation in Drd2, Nr3c1, and Stmn1 in wild-type (WT) and Stmn1 knock-out (KO) mice. Methods The WT and Stmn1 KO mice were subjected to chronic social defeat. Brain tissues of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala (AMY) and hippocampus (HIP) were obtained. We measured DNA methylation levels of the Drd2, Nr3c1, and Stmn1 genes in the PFC, AMY, and HIP using pyrosequencing. Results In WT mice, social defeat stress did not induce any changes in Drd2 methylation, whereas significant hypermethylation occurred in Nr3c1 and Stmn1 in the susceptible and unsusceptible groups, respectively, compared to the control group. The methylation responses in the Stmn1 KO mice differed from those seen in the WT mice, such that hypermethylation was evident in all three genes in the susceptible and unsusceptible groups compared to control group. Comparison of the Stmn1 KO and WT mice revealed the same pattern of hypermethylation for all three genes. Conclusion Social defeat stress induced different epigenetic modifications in three genes among control, unsusceptible, and susceptible groups of WT and Stmn1 KO mice. In particular, hypermethylation of Nr3c1 in the HIP of the susceptible group, and of Stmn1 in the AMY of the unsusceptible group in WT mice, could serve as epigenetic biomarkers of stress susceptibility and stress resilience, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Thong Ba Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Maryam Karamikheirabad
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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11
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Martinez D, Zhu M, Guidry JJ, Majeste N, Mao H, Yanofsky ST, Tian X, Wu C. Mask, the Drosophila ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein, affects microtubule stability. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272264. [PMID: 34553767 PMCID: PMC8572007 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of microtubule (MT) stability and dynamics is vital for essential cellular processes, including axonal transportation and synaptic growth and remodeling in neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Drosophila ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein Mask negatively affects MT stability in both larval muscles and motor neurons. In larval muscles, loss-of-function of mask increases MT polymer length, and in motor neurons, loss of mask function results in overexpansion of the presynaptic terminal at the larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). mask genetically interacts with stathmin (stai), a neuronal modulator of MT stability, in the regulation of axon transportation and synaptic terminal stability. Our structure–function analysis of Mask revealed that its ankyrin repeats domain-containing N-terminal portion is sufficient to mediate Mask's impact on MT stability. Furthermore, we discovered that Mask negatively regulates the abundance of the MT-associated protein Jupiter in motor neuron axons, and that neuronal knocking down of Jupiter partially suppresses mask loss-of-function phenotypes at the larval NMJs. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that Mask is a novel regulator for MT stability, and such a role of Mask requires normal function of Jupiter. Summary: Mask is a novel regulator of MT stability in Drosophila. Mask shows prominent interplay with two important modulators of MT, Tau and Stathmin (Stai), whose mutations are related to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martinez
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Proteomics Core Facility, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Niles Majeste
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sarah T Yanofsky
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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12
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Ben Ayed I, Bouzid A, Kammoun F, Souissi A, Jallouli O, Mallouli S, Guidara S, Loukil S, Aloulou H, Jbeli F, Aouichaoui S, Abid D, Abdelhedi F, Triki C, Kamoun H, Masmoudi S. 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome: Delineation of HEY1 as a candidate gene in neurodevelopmental and cardiac defects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1811. [PMID: 34549899 PMCID: PMC8606210 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by recurrent dysmorphic features, a variable degree of intellectual disability and ocular, cardiac and hand/feet abnormalities. To date, ZFHX4 is the only candidate gene implicated in the ocular findings. In this study, we evaluated a patient with a de novo 8q21.13-21.3 deletion to define a new small region of overlap (SRO) for this entity. METHODS We conducted a clinical evaluation and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) 4x44K microarrays in a patient with de novo unbalanced translocation t(8;16)(q21; q11.2). RESULTS The case, a 6-year-old boy, presented dysmorphic features including an elongated face, brachycephaly with a high forehead, an underdeveloped ala, thin upper lip, micrognathia, low-set ears, hypotonia, mild intellectual disability, cortical atrophy with thin corpus callosum defect, and an atrial septal defect. No ocular abnormalities were found. Microarray analysis revealed a 9.6 Mb interstitial 8q21.11-21.3 deletion, not including the ZFHX4 gene. This microdeletion was confirmed in our patient through qPCR analysis, and both parents had a normal profile. Alignment analysis of our case defined a new SRO encompassing five genes. Among them, the HEY1 gene is involved in the embryonic development of the heart, central nervous system, and vascular system. Hrt1/Hey1 null mice show perinatal lethality due to congenital malformations of the aortic arch and its branch arteries. HEY1 has also been linked to the maintenance of neural stem cells, inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation, and myelin gene expression. CONCLUSION HEY1 is a candidate gene for both neurological and cardiac features of the 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome and might, therefore, explain specific components of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Kammoun
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Souissi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Jallouli
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mallouli
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Guidara
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, LR33ES99, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Loukil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Aloulou
- Pediatric Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fida Jbeli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Aouichaoui
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Abid
- Cardiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Abdelhedi
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, LR33ES99, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chahnez Triki
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Kamoun
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, LR33ES99, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saber Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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13
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Carretero-Rodriguez L, Guðjónsdóttir R, Poparic I, Reilly ML, Chol M, Bianco IH, Chiapello M, Feret R, Deery MJ, Guthrie S. The Rac-GAP alpha2-Chimaerin Signals via CRMP2 and Stathmins in the Development of the Ocular Motor System. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6652-6672. [PMID: 34168008 PMCID: PMC8336708 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0983-19.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise sequence of axon guidance events is required for the development of the ocular motor system. Three cranial nerves grow toward, and connect with, six extraocular muscles in a stereotyped pattern, to control eye movements. The signaling protein alpha2-chimaerin (α2-CHN) plays a pivotal role in the formation of the ocular motor system; mutations in CHN1, encoding α2-CHN, cause the human eye movement disorder Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS). Our research has demonstrated that the manipulation of α2-chn signaling in the zebrafish embryo leads to ocular motor axon wiring defects, although the signaling cascades regulated by α2-chn remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that several cytoskeletal regulatory proteins-collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2; encoded by the gene dpysl2), stathmin1, and stathmin 2-bind to α2-CHN. dpysl2, stathmin1, and especially stathmin2 are expressed by ocular motor neurons. We find that the manipulation of dpysl2 and of stathmins in zebrafish larvae leads to defects in both the axon wiring of the ocular motor system and the optokinetic reflex, impairing horizontal eye movements. Knockdowns of these molecules in zebrafish larvae of either sex caused axon guidance phenotypes that included defasciculation and ectopic branching; in some cases, these phenotypes were reminiscent of DRS. chn1 knock-down phenotypes were rescued by the overexpression of CRMP2 and STMN1, suggesting that these proteins act in the same signaling pathway. These findings suggest that CRMP2 and stathmins signal downstream of α2-CHN to orchestrate ocular motor axon guidance and to control eye movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The precise control of eye movements is crucial for the life of vertebrate animals, including humans. In humans, this control depends on the arrangement of nerve wiring of the ocular motor system, composed of three nerves and six muscles, a system that is conserved across vertebrate phyla. Mutations in the protein alpha2-chimaerin have previously been shown to cause eye movement disorders (squint) and axon wiring defects in humans. Our recent work has unraveled how alpha2-chimaerin coordinates axon guidance of the ocular motor system in animal models. In this article, we demonstrate key roles for the proteins CRMP2 and stathmin 1/2 in the signaling pathway orchestrated by alpha2-chimaerin, potentially giving insight into the etiology of eye movement disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivana Poparic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mary Chol
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac H Bianco
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Renata Feret
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Michael J Deery
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Sarah Guthrie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN7 9QG, United Kingdom
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14
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Spencer PS, Chen X. The Role of Protein Adduction in Toxic Neuropathies of Exogenous and Endogenous Origin. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050098. [PMID: 33946924 PMCID: PMC8146965 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral (axonal) neuropathy associated with repeated exposure to aliphatic and aromatic solvents that form protein-reactive γ-diketones shares some clinical and neuropathological features with certain metabolic neuropathies, including type-II diabetic neuropathy and uremic neuropathy, and with the largely sub-clinical nerve damage associated with old age. These conditions may be linked by metabolites that adduct and cross-link neuroproteins required for the maintenance of axonal transport and nerve fiber integrity in the peripheral and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China;
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15
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Liao TT, Cheng WC, Yang CY, Chen YQ, Su SH, Yeh TY, Lan HY, Lee CC, Lin HH, Lin CC, Lu RH, Chiou AET, Jiang JK, Hwang WL. The microRNA-210-Stathmin1 Axis Decreases Cell Stiffness to Facilitate the Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081833. [PMID: 33921319 PMCID: PMC8069838 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis of tumor cells is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Concurrent therapy with surgical removal of primary and metastatic lesions is the main approach for cancer therapy. Currently, therapeutic resistant properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to drive malignant cancer progression, including metastasis. Our study aimed to identify molecular tools dedicated to the detection and treatment of CSCs. We confirmed that microRNA-210-3p (miR-210) was upregulated in colorectal stem-like cancer cells, which targeted stathmin1 (STMN1), to decrease cell elasticity for increasing mobility. We envision that strategies for softening cellular elasticity will reduce the onset of CSC-orientated metastasis. Abstract Cell migration is critical for regional dissemination and distal metastasis of cancer cells, which remain the major causes of poor prognosis and death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular deformability contribute to the migration of cancer cells and metastasis, the mechanisms governing the migratory ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a nongenetic source of tumor heterogeneity, are unclear. Here, we expanded colorectal CSCs (CRCSCs) as colonospheres and showed that CRCSCs exhibited higher cell motility in transwell migration assays and 3D invasion assays and greater deformability in particle tracking microrheology than did their parental CRC cells. Mechanistically, in CRCSCs, microRNA-210-3p (miR-210) targeted stathmin1 (STMN1), which is known for inducing microtubule destabilization, to decrease cell elasticity in order to facilitate cell motility without affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. Clinically, the miR-210-STMN1 axis was activated in CRC patients with liver metastasis and correlated with a worse clinical outcome. This study elucidates a miRNA-oriented mechanism regulating the deformability of CRCSCs beyond the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Tsen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-T.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Yang
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Han Su
- Institution of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.S.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Tzu-Yu Yeh
- Institution of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.S.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Lan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-T.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Lu
- Department of Surgery, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Arthur Er-Terg Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-K.J.); (W.-L.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7000 (ext. 65832) (W.-L.H.)
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-K.J.); (W.-L.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7000 (ext. 65832) (W.-L.H.)
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16
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Tapias A, Lázaro D, Yin BK, Rasa SMM, Krepelova A, Kelmer Sacramento E, Grigaravicius P, Koch P, Kirkpatrick J, Ori A, Neri F, Wang ZQ. HAT cofactor TRRAP modulates microtubule dynamics via SP1 signaling to prevent neurodegeneration. eLife 2021; 10:61531. [PMID: 33594975 PMCID: PMC7939550 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain homeostasis is regulated by the viability and functionality of neurons. HAT (histone acetyltransferase) and HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitors have been applied to treat neurological deficits in humans; yet, the epigenetic regulation in neurodegeneration remains elusive. Mutations of HAT cofactor TRRAP (transformation/transcription domain-associated protein) cause human neuropathies, including psychosis, intellectual disability, autism, and epilepsy, with unknown mechanism. Here we show that Trrap deletion in Purkinje neurons results in neurodegeneration of old mice. Integrated transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics reveal that TRRAP via SP1 conducts a conserved transcriptomic program. TRRAP is required for SP1 binding at the promoter proximity of target genes, especially microtubule dynamics. The ectopic expression of Stathmin3/4 ameliorates defects of TRRAP-deficient neurons, indicating that the microtubule dynamics is particularly vulnerable to the action of SP1 activity. This study unravels a network linking three well-known, but up-to-date unconnected, signaling pathways, namely TRRAP, HAT, and SP1 with microtubule dynamics, in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Tapias
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - David Lázaro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Bo-Kun Yin
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Anna Krepelova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Philipp Koch
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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17
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Glass JD. Stathmin-2: adding another piece to the puzzle of TDP-43 proteinopathies and neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5677-5680. [PMID: 33074248 DOI: 10.1172/jci142854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregated proteins are a common neuropathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is found in the majority of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in approximately 50% of patients dying of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). In this issue of the JCI, Prudencio, Humphrey, Pickles, and colleagues investigated the relationship of TDP-43 pathology with the loss of stathmin-2 (STMN2), an essential protein for axonal growth and maintenance. Comparing genetic, cellular, and neuropathological data from patients with TDP-43 proteinopathies (ALS, ALS-frontotemporal dementia [ALS-FTD], and FTLD-TDP-43 [FTLD-TDP]) with data from patients with non-TDP-related neurodegenerations, they demonstrate a direct relationship between TDP-43 pathology and STMN2 reduction. Loss of the normal transcription suppressor function of TDP-43 allowed transcription of an early termination cryptic axon, resulting in truncated, nonfunctional mRNA. The authors suggest that measurement of truncated STMN2 mRNA could be a biomarker for discerning TDP proteinopathies from other pathologies.
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18
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Konagaya Y, Takakura K, Sogabe M, Bisaria A, Liu C, Meyer T, Sehara-Fujisawa A, Matsuda M, Terai K. Intravital imaging reveals cell cycle-dependent myogenic cell migration during muscle regeneration. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3167-3181. [PMID: 33131406 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1838779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During muscle regeneration, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) promotes both proliferation and migration. However, the relationship between proliferation and migration is poorly understood in this context. To elucidate this complex relationship on a physiological level, we established an intravital imaging system for measuring ERK activity, migration speed, and cell-cycle phases in mouse muscle satellite cell-derived myogenic cells. We found that in vivo, ERK is maximally activated in myogenic cells two days after injury, and this is then followed by increases in cell number and motility. With limited effects of ERK activity on migration on an acute timescale, we hypothesized that ERK increases migration speed in the later phase by promoting cell-cycle progression. Our cell-cycle analysis further revealed that in myogenic cells, ERK activity is critical for G1/S transition, and cells migrate more rapidly in S/G2 phase 3 days after injury. Finally, migration speed of myogenic cells was suppressed after CDK1/2-but not CDK1-inhibitor treatment, demonstrating a critical role of CDK2 in myogenic cell migration. Overall, our study demonstrates that in myogenic cells, the ERK-CDK2 axis promotes not only G1/S transition but also migration, thus providing a novel mechanism for efficient muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Konagaya
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Takakura
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maina Sogabe
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anjali Bisaria
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chad Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Atsuko Sehara-Fujisawa
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Terai
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
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Villalón E, Kline RA, Smith CE, Lorson ZC, Osman EY, O'Day S, Murray LM, Lorson CL. AAV9-Stathmin1 gene delivery improves disease phenotype in an intermediate mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3742-3754. [PMID: 31363739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating infantile genetic disorder caused by the loss of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein that leads to premature death due to loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy. The approval of an antisense oligonucleotide therapy for SMA was an important milestone in SMA research; however, effective next-generation therapeutics will likely require combinatorial SMN-dependent therapeutics and SMN-independent disease modifiers. A recent cross-disease transcriptomic analysis identified Stathmin-1 (STMN1), a tubulin-depolymerizing protein, as a potential disease modifier across different motor neuron diseases, including SMA. Here, we investigated whether viral-based delivery of STMN1 decreased disease severity in a well-characterized SMA mouse model. Intracerebroventricular delivery of scAAV9-STMN1 in SMA mice at P2 significantly increased survival and weight gain compared to untreated SMA mice without elevating Smn levels. scAAV9-STMN1 improved important hallmarks of disease, including motor function, NMJ pathology and motor neuron cell preservation. Furthermore, scAAV9-STMN1 treatment restored microtubule networks and tubulin expression without affecting tubulin stability. Our results show that scAAV9-STMN1 treatment improves SMA pathology possibly by increasing microtubule turnover leading to restored levels of stable microtubules. Overall, these data demonstrate that STMN1 can significantly reduce the SMA phenotype independent of restoring SMN protein and highlight the importance of developing SMN-independent therapeutics for the treatment of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villalón
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - R A Kline
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - C E Smith
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Z C Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - E Y Osman
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - S O'Day
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - L M Murray
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C L Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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20
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Spencer PS. Neuroprotein Targets of γ-Diketone Metabolites of Aliphatic and Aromatic Solvents That Induce Central-Peripheral Axonopathy. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:411-421. [PMID: 32162603 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320910960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic occupational and deliberate overexposure to neurotoxic organic solvents results from axonal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system. Human and experimental studies show that axonopathy is triggered by the action of neuroprotein-reactive γ-diketone metabolites formed from exposure to certain aliphatic solvents (n-hexane, 2-hexanone) and aromatic compounds (1,2-diethylbenzene, 1,2-4-triethylbenzene, 6-acetyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetralin). Neuroprotein susceptibility is related primarily to their differential content of lysine, the ∊-amino group of which is targeted by γ-diketones. Specific neuroprotein targets have been identified, and the sequence of molecular mechanisms leading to axonal pathology has been illuminated. While occupational n-hexane neuropathy continues to be reported, lessons learned from its experimental study may have relevance to other causes of peripheral neuropathy, including those associated with aging and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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21
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Siva plays a critical role in mouse embryonic development. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:297-309. [PMID: 31164717 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Siva protein, named after the Hindu God of Destruction, plays important roles in apoptosis in various contexts, including downstream of death receptor activation or p53 tumor suppressor engagement. The function of Siva in organismal development and homeostasis, however, has remained uncharacterized. Here, we generate Siva knockout mice to characterize the physiological function of Siva in vivo. Interestingly, we find that Siva deficiency causes early embryonic lethality accompanied by multiple phenotypes, including developmental delay, abnormal neural tube closure, and defective placenta and yolk sac formation. Examination of Siva expression during embryogenesis shows that Siva is expressed in both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, including within the mesoderm, which may explain the vascular defects observed in the placenta and yolk sac. The embryonic phenotypes caused by Siva loss are not rescued by p53 deficiency, nor do they resemble those of p53 null embryos, suggesting that the embryonic function of Siva is not related to the p53 pathway. Moreover, loss of the Ripk3 necroptosis protein does not rescue the observed lethality or developmental defects, suggesting that Siva may play a non-apoptotic role in development. Collectively, these studies reveal a key role for Siva in proper embryonic development.
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22
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Yu H, Jiang X, Lin X, Zhang Z, Wu D, Zhou L, Liu J, Yang X. Hippocampal Subcellular Organelle Proteomic Alteration of Copper-Treated Mice. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:250-263. [PMID: 29617964 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper neurotoxicity has been implicated in multiple neurological diseases. However, there is a lack of deep understanding on copper neurotoxicity, especially for low-dose copper exposure. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic, low-dose copper treatment (0.13 ppm copper chloride in drinking water) on hippocampal mitochondrial and nuclear proteome in mice by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Behavioral tests revealed that low-dose copper caused spatial memory impairment, DNA oxidative damage as well as loss of synaptic proteins. Proteomic analysis revealed modulation of 31 hippocampal mitochondrial proteins (15 increased and 16 decreased), and 46 hippocampal nuclear proteins (18 increased and 28 decreased) in copper-treated versus untreated mice. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved energy metabolism (NDUV1, COX5B, IDH3A, and PGAM1), synapses (complexin-2, synapsin-2), DNA damage (PDIA3), apoptosis (GRP75), and oxidative stress (SODC, PRDX3). Among these differentially expressed proteins, synapsin-2, a synaptic-related protein, was found to be significantly decreased as confirmed by Western-blot analysis. In addition, we found that superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (SODC), a copper ion target protein, was identified to be decreased in copper-treated mice versus untreated mice. We also found that stathmin (STMN1), a microtubule-destabilizing neuroprotein, was significantly decreased in hippocampal nuclei of copper-treated mice versus untreated mice. Taken together, we conclude that low-dose copper exposure causes spatial memory impairment and perturbs multiple biological/pathogenic processes by dysregulating the mitochondrial and nuclear proteome, particularly the proteins related to respiratory chain, synaptic vesicle fusion, axonal/neurtic integrity, and oxidative stress. The change of STMN1 and SODC may represent early novel biomarkers of copper neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
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23
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Martín-Nares E, Hernández-Molina G. Novel autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome: A comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 18:192-198. [PMID: 30572138 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune- mediated injury of exocrine glands, as well as a diverse array of extraglandular manifestations. B cell over-activation is a key feature of the disease, attested by the wide spectrum of autoantibodies detected in these patients. Up to date, anti- Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies are traditional biomarkers for disease classification and diagnosis. On the other hand, the detection of novel autoantibodies in SS has increased in the last years, opening a window of opportunity to denote particular stages of the disease, to establish clinical phenotypes, and to predict long-term complications such as lymphoma. For instance, anti-SP-1, anti-CA6 and anti-PSP antibodies occur in an earlier stage than anti-Ro/La antibodies, and may identify a subset of primary Sjögren's syndrome patients with mild or incomplete disease, whereas anti-cofilin-1, anti- alpha-enolase and anti-RGI2 antibodies are potential biomarkers of MALT lymphoma. Antibody detection is also important to elucidate new aspects of SS pathophysiology, and in the future to permit a phenotype-specific patient approach. Herein we review the literature regarding new autoantibodies in SS and attempt to dissect their usefulness as diagnostic tools, pathogenic role, identification of clinical phenotypes and as predictors of an overlap syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martín-Nares
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI., CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Molina
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI., CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico..
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24
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Duda S, Witte T, Stangel M, Adams J, Schmidt RE, Baerlecken NT. Autoantibodies binding to stathmin-4: new marker for polyneuropathy in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Immunol Res 2018; 65:1099-1102. [PMID: 29138979 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Duda
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Adams
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Bekpen C, Xie C, Nebel A, Tautz D. Involvement of SPATA31 copy number variable genes in human lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:674-688. [PMID: 29676996 PMCID: PMC5940121 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The SPATA31 (alias FAM75A) gene family belongs to the core duplicon families that are thought to have contributed significantly to hominoid evolution. It is also among the gene families with the strongest signal of positive selection in hominoids. It has acquired new protein domains in the primate lineage and a previous study has suggested that the gene family has expanded its function into UV response and DNA repair. Here we show that over-expression of SPATA31A1 in fibroblast cells leads to premature senescence due to interference with aging-related transcription pathways. We show that there are considerable copy number differences for this gene family in human populations and we ask whether this could influence mutation rates and longevity in humans. We find no evidence for an influence on germline mutation rates, but an analysis of long-lived individuals (> 96 years) shows that they carry significantly fewer SPATA31 copies in their genomes than younger individuals in a control group. We propose that the evolution of SPATA31 copy number is an example for antagonistic pleiotropy by providing a fitness benefit during the reproductive phase of life, but negatively influencing the overall life span.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xie
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
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26
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Kline RA, Kaifer KA, Osman EY, Carella F, Tiberi A, Ross J, Pennetta G, Lorson CL, Murray LM. Comparison of independent screens on differentially vulnerable motor neurons reveals alpha-synuclein as a common modifier in motor neuron diseases. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006680. [PMID: 28362802 PMCID: PMC5391970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “motor neuron disease” encompasses a spectrum of disorders in which motor neurons are the primary pathological target. However, in both patients and animal models of these diseases, not all motor neurons are equally vulnerable, in that while some motor neurons are lost very early in disease, others remain comparatively intact, even at late stages. This creates a valuable system to investigate the factors that regulate motor neuron vulnerability. In this study, we aim to use this experimental paradigm to identify potential transcriptional modifiers. We have compared the transcriptome of motor neurons from healthy wild-type mice, which are differentially vulnerable in the childhood motor neuron disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), and have identified 910 transcriptional changes. We have compared this data set with published microarray data sets on other differentially vulnerable motor neurons. These neurons were differentially vulnerable in the adult onset motor neuron disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but the screen was performed on the equivalent population of neurons from neurologically normal human, rat and mouse. This cross species comparison has generated a refined list of differentially expressed genes, including CELF5, Col5a2, PGEMN1, SNCA, Stmn1 and HOXa5, alongside a further enrichment for synaptic and axonal transcripts. As an in vivo validation, we demonstrate that the manipulation of a significant number of these transcripts can modify the neurodegenerative phenotype observed in a Drosophila line carrying an ALS causing mutation. Finally, we demonstrate that vector-mediated expression of alpha-synuclein (SNCA), a transcript decreased in selectively vulnerable motor neurons in all four screens, can extend life span, increase weight and decrease neuromuscular junction pathology in a mouse model of SMA. In summary, we have combined multiple data sets to identify transcripts, which are strong candidates for being phenotypic modifiers, and demonstrated SNCA is a modifier of pathology in motor neuron disease. The term “motor neuron disease” refers to a group of disorders, causing progressive paralysis of affected patients due to the degeneration of motor neurons cells which control voluntary movements. Importantly, not all motor neurons appear to be affected in the same way, with those that control the face being affected less that those that control the abdomen. The reason why some motor neurons are more vulnerable is unknown; however, understanding this may provide new targets for therapeutics to slow motor neuron degeneration either as stand-alone therapeutics or in combination with SMN-inducing compounds. In this study, we analysed gene expression in different groups of motor neurons and compared this to previously published expression data to identify commonalities. One of the common transcripts was alpha-synuclein (SNCA), which was consistently expressed at lower levels in vulnerable motor neurons. Importantly, when SNCA levels were increased in a mouse model of motor neuron disease, the disease phenotype was significantly reduced, including an extension in survival and reduction in motor neuron pathology. Collectively, these results demonstrate that this approach can identify disease modifiers that can reduce disease severity in models of motor neuron disease and potentially identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Kline
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A. Kaifer
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Erkan Y. Osman
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Francesco Carella
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ariana Tiberi
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jolill Ross
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Giuseppa Pennetta
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christian L. Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lyndsay M. Murray
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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27
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Cartelli D, Cappelletti G. α-Synuclein regulates the partitioning between tubulin dimers and microtubules at neuronal growth cone. Commun Integr Biol 2017. [PMCID: PMC5333521 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1267076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The partitioning between tubulin dimers and microtubules is fundamental for the regulation of several neuronal activities, from neuronal polarization and processes extension to growth cone remodelling. This phenomenon is modulated by several proteins, including the well-known microtubule destabilizer Stathmin. We recently demonstrated that α-Synuclein, a presynaptic protein associated to Parkinson's disease, shares structural and functional properties with Stathmin, and we showed that α-Synuclein acts as a foldable dynamase. Here, we pinpoint the impact of wild type α-Synuclein on the partitioning between tubulin dimers and microtubules and show that Parkinson's disease-linked mutants lose this capability. Thus, our results indicate a new role for α-Synuclein in regulating microtubule system and support the concept that microtubules and α-Synuclein are partners in the modulation of neuronal health and degenerative processes. Furthermore, these data strengthen our hypothesis of the existence of a functional redundancy between α-Synuclein and Stathmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cartelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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28
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Gou J, Jia J, Feng J, Zhao X, Yi T, Cui T, Li Z. Stathmin 1 plays a role in endometrial decidualisation by regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor during embryo implantation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1530-1537. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the potential mechanism underlying stathmin 1 (Stmn1) regulation of embryo implantation, as a continuation of previous proteomic research. Adult healthy female mice were mated naturally with fertile males. Murine uterine tissue was collected during the peri-implantation period. Local expression of Stmn1 during embryo implantation was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which showed that Stmn1 was extensively expressed in endometrial glandular epithelium, vascular endothelium, luminal epithelium and the underlying stromal cells at the implantation site on Day 5. The role of Stmn1 during embryo implantation was evaluated by transient knockdown of Stmn1 in vivo using short interference (si) RNA, and some associated factors including Akt, phosphorylated (p-) Akt, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined by western blotting analysis and ELISA. The number of embryos implanted after Stmn1-siRNA infusion into the lumen of one uterine horn was lower than that with normal pregnancies (2.2 ± 1.5 vs 8.6 ± 0.5 respectively; P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, p-Akt and the decidualisation biomarkers PRL and IGFBP 1 was upregulated at the implantation site on Day 5, but downregulated after Stmn1-siRNA infusion. These findings suggest that during embryo implantation, knockdown of Stmn1 suppresses decidualisation by inhibiting the expression of p-Akt, HIF-1α and VEGF, thus leading to impaired embryo implantation. These findings provide clues for understanding the complicated process of embryo implantation and the potential role of Stmn1 during embryo implantation.
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29
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Sun Q, Ying M, Ma Q, Huang Z, Zou L, Liu J, Zhuang Z, Yang X. Proteomic analysis of hippocampus in mice following long-term exposure to low levels of copper. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1130-1139. [PMID: 30090419 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that copper exposure, even at very low levels, can produce significant toxic effects on the brains of mice. This study is aimed to explore the effects of low levels of copper on the hippocampal proteome of mice. Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis was performed on hippocampal homogenate obtained from mice, which were given either drinking water only (control) or water supplemented with 0.13 ppm copper (copper-treated) for a period of 8 months beginning at an age of 3 months. A total of 9 differentially expressed proteins between copper-treated mice and control mice were identified. Protein functional analysis revealed that the altered proteins mainly involved energy metabolism-related proteins, synaptic proteins, molecular chaperones and cellular structural components. Among these differentially expressed proteins, serine racemase (SRR) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively, in the hippocampus of copper-treated mice compared with the control mice. SRR was shown to be involved in memory formation. The increased expression of GFAP, an astrocyte marker, indicated that long-term low levels of copper exposure caused activation of the inflammatory response, a process linked to spatial memory impairment. In agreement with the data from proteomic analysis, memory impairment was observed in copper-treated mice as measured by the Morris water maze test. In summary, this study has identified a number of abnormally expressed proteins in the hippocampus of copper-treated mice, and the identified protein, such as SRR, together with inflammatory responses, as evidenced by the increased expression of GFAP, could contribute to memory impairment resulting from copper exposure. Our findings provide insights for a better understanding of copper neurotoxicity at the protein level in response to low levels of copper exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , No. 8 , Longyuan Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen , 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 755 25601914
| | - Ming Ying
- College of Life Sciences , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Quan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , No. 8 , Longyuan Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen , 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 755 25601914
| | - Zhijun Huang
- The Emergency Department , Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) , Jinan University , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Liangyu Zou
- Department of Neurology , Shenzhen People's Hospital , Second Clinical College , Jinan University , Shenzhen , 518020 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , No. 8 , Longyuan Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen , 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 755 25601914
| | - Zhixiong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , No. 8 , Longyuan Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen , 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 755 25601914
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , No. 8 , Longyuan Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen , 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 755 25601914
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30
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Menon S, Gupton SL. Building Blocks of Functioning Brain: Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neuronal Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:183-245. [PMID: 26940519 PMCID: PMC4809367 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural connectivity requires proper polarization of neurons, guidance to appropriate target locations, and establishment of synaptic connections. From when neurons are born to when they finally reach their synaptic partners, neurons undergo constant rearrangment of the cytoskeleton to achieve appropriate shape and polarity. Of particular importance to neuronal guidance to target locations is the growth cone at the tip of the axon. Growth-cone steering is also dictated by the underlying cytoskeleton. All these changes require spatiotemporal control of the cytoskeletal machinery. This review summarizes the proteins that are involved in modulating the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the various stages of neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Neuroscience Center and Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
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Fuller HR, Slade R, Jovanov-Milošević N, Babić M, Sedmak G, Šimić G, Fuszard MA, Shirran SL, Botting CH, Gates MA. Stathmin is enriched in the developing corticospinal tract. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 69:12-21. [PMID: 26370173 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intra- and extracellular proteins involved in the development of the corticospinal tract (CST) may offer insights into how the pathway could be regenerated following traumatic spinal cord injury. Currently, however, little is known about the proteome of the developing corticospinal system. The present study, therefore, has used quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics to detail the protein profile of the rat CST during its formation in the spinal cord. This analysis identified increased expression of 65 proteins during the early ingrowth of corticospinal axons into the spinal cord, and 36 proteins at the period of heightened CST growth. A majority of these proteins were involved in cellular assembly and organization, with annotations being most highly associated with cytoskeletal organization, microtubule dynamics, neurite outgrowth, and the formation, polymerization and quantity of microtubules. In addition, 22 proteins were more highly expressed within the developing CST in comparison to other developing white matter tracts of the spinal cord of age-matched animals. Of these differentially expressed proteins, only one, stathmin 1 (a protein known to be involved in microtubule dynamics), was both highly enriched in the developing CST and relatively sparse in other developing descending and ascending spinal tracts. Immunohistochemical analyses of the developing rat spinal cord and fetal human brain stem confirmed the enriched pattern of stathmin expression along the developing CST, and in vitro growth assays of rat corticospinal neurons showed a reduced length of neurite processes in response to pharmacological perturbation of stathmin activity. Combined, these findings suggest that stathmin activity may modulate axonal growth during development of the corticospinal projection, and reinforces the notion that microtubule dynamics could play an important role in the generation and regeneration of the CST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK; Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Postgraduate Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert Slade
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Postgraduate Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | | | - Mirjana Babić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Matthew A Fuszard
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally L Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Catherine H Botting
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Monte A Gates
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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Berton S, Pellizzari I, Fabris L, D'Andrea S, Segatto I, Canzonieri V, Marconi D, Schiappacassi M, Benevol S, Gattei V, Colombatti A, Belletti B, Baldassarre G. Genetic characterization of p27(kip1) and stathmin in controlling cell proliferation in vivo. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3100-11. [PMID: 25486569 PMCID: PMC4612673 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDK inhibitor p27(kip1) is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression, but the mechanisms by which p27(kip1) controls cell proliferation in vivo are still not fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated that the microtubule destabilizing protein stathmin is a relevant p27(kip1) binding partner. To get more insights into the in vivo significance of this interaction, we generated p27(kip1) and stathmin double knock-out (DKO) mice. Interestingly, thorough characterization of DKO mice demonstrated that most of the phenotypes of p27(kip1) null mice linked to the hyper-proliferative behavior, such as the increased body and organ weight, the outgrowth of the retina basal layer and the development of pituitary adenomas, were reverted by co-ablation of stathmin. In vivo analyses showed a reduced proliferation rate in DKO compared to p27(kip1) null mice, linked, at molecular level, to decreased kinase activity of CDK4/6, rather than of CDK1 and CDK2. Gene expression profiling of mouse thymuses confirmed the phenotypes observed in vivo, showing that DKO clustered with WT more than with p27 knock-out tissue. Taken together, our results demonstrate that stathmin cooperates with p27(kip1) to control the early phase of G1 to S phase transition and that this function may be of particular relevance in the context of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Berton
- a Department of Translational Research; Division of Experimental Oncology 2; CRO of Aviano, National Cancer Institute ; Aviano , Italy
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Hassan MK, Watari H, Mitamura T, Mohamed Z, EL-khamisy SF, Ohba Y, Sakuragi N. P18/Stathmin1 is regulated by miR-31 in ovarian cancer in response to taxane. Oncoscience 2015; 2:294-308. [PMID: 25897432 PMCID: PMC4394135 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate the development of chemoresistance in many tumors. Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is a microtubule-depolymerizing molecule, involved in chemo-response; however, the mechanism of its regulation is unknown. Herein, the immunohistochemical study indicated significant upregulation of the STMN1 in the ovarian cancer tissues defined as resistant tumors compared with those defined as responsive tumors. STMN1 level elevated in the chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells, KF-TX, compared with the parental, KF, ones. Targeting STMN1 by siRNA restored taxane-sensitivity of KF-TX cells. Screening miRNA profiles from KF/KF-TX cellular set followed by bioinformatics-based prediction, revealed that miR-31 could be a possible regulator of STMN1. Down-modulation of miR-31 was verified by quantitative RT-PCR in the cellular set used. Overexpression of miR-31 in KF-TX cells (KF-TX-miR-31) significantly restored chemo-response and reduced STMN1 expression as well. STMN1 reduction-associated cellular characteristics such as enhanced microtubule polymerization and stability, as indicated by acetylated tubulin quantification, confocal visualization, and G2 phase delay, were observed in KF-TX-miR-31 cells, indicating the functional reduction of STMN1. miR-31 suppressed the luciferase activity in reporter construct containing the STMN1 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), confirming that miR-31 directly targets STMN1. miR-31 has therapeutic potency when introduced into ovarian cancer, in combination with taxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, JAPAN
- Bitechnology Program, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, EGYPT
- Center of Genomics, Hemly Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, EGYPT
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Mitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, JAPAN
| | - Zainab Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, JAPAN
| | - Sherif F. EL-khamisy
- Center of Genomics, Hemly Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, EGYPT
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, JAPAN
| | - Noriaki Sakuragi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, JAPAN
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Chauvin S, Sobel A. Neuronal stathmins: A family of phosphoproteins cooperating for neuronal development, plasticity and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 126:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Identification of genome-wide SNP-SNP and SNP-clinical Boolean interactions in age-related macular degeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1253:217-55. [PMID: 25403535 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2155-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose here a methodology to uncover modularities in the network of SNP-SNP interactions most associated with disease. We start by computing all possible Boolean binary SNP interactions across the whole genome. By constructing a weighted graph of the most relevant interactions and via a combinatorial optimization approach, we find the most highly interconnected SNPs. We show that the method can be easily extended to find SNP/environment interactions. Using a modestly sized GWAS dataset of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), we identify a group of only 19 SNPs, which include those in previously reported regions associated to AMD. We also uncover a larger set of loci pointing to a matrix of key processes and functions that are affected. The proposed integrative methodology extends and overlaps traditional statistical analysis in a natural way. Combinatorial optimization techniques allow us to find the kernel of the most central interactions, complementing current methods of GWAS analysis and also enhancing the search for gene-environment interaction.
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Boekhoorn K, van Dis V, Goedknegt E, Sobel A, Lucassen PJ, Hoogenraad CC. The microtubule destabilizing protein stathmin controls the transition from dividing neuronal precursors to postmitotic neurons during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:1226-42. [PMID: 24909416 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the two areas in the mammalian brain where adult neurogenesis occurs. Adult neurogenesis is well known to be involved in hippocampal physiological functions as well as pathophysiological conditions. Microtubules (MTs), providing intracellular transport, stability, and transmitting force, are indispensable for neurogenesis by facilitating cell division, migration, growth, and differentiation. Although there are several examples of MT-stabilizing proteins regulating different aspects of adult neurogenesis, relatively little is known about the function of MT-destabilizing proteins. Stathmin is such a MT-destabilizing protein largely restricted to the CNS, and in contrast to its developmental family members, stathmin is also expressed at significant levels in the adult brain, notably in areas involved in adult neurogenesis. Here, we show an important role for stathmin during adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the mouse hippocampus. After carefully mapping stathmin expression in the adult dentate gyrus (DG), we investigated its role in hippocampal neurogenesis making use of stathmin knockout mice. Although hippocampus development appears normal in these animals, different aspects of adult neurogenesis are affected. First, the number of proliferating Ki-67+ cells is decreased in stathmin knockout mice, as well as the expression of the immature markers Nestin and PSA-NCAM. However, newborn cells that do survive express more frequently the adult marker NeuN and have a more mature morphology. Furthermore, our data suggest that migration in the DG might be affected. We propose a model in which stathmin controls the transition from neuronal precursors to early postmitotic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Boekhoorn
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yip YY, Yeap YYC, Bogoyevitch MA, Ng DCH. cAMP-dependent protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mediate stathmin phosphorylation for the maintenance of interphase microtubules during osmotic stress. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2157-69. [PMID: 24302736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic microtubule changes after a cell stress challenge are required for cell survival and adaptation. Stathmin (STMN), a cytoplasmic microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, regulates interphase microtubules during cell stress, but the signaling mechanisms involved are poorly defined. In this study ectopic expression of single alanine-substituted phospho-resistant mutants demonstrated that STMN Ser-38 and Ser-63 phosphorylation were specifically required to maintain interphase microtubules during hyperosmotic stress. STMN was phosphorylated on Ser-38 and Ser-63 in response to hyperosmolarity, heat shock, and arsenite treatment but rapidly dephosphorylated after oxidative stress treatment. Two-dimensional PAGE and Phos-tag gel analysis of stress-stimulated STMN phospho-isoforms revealed rapid STMN Ser-38 phosphorylation followed by subsequent Ser-25 and Ser-63 phosphorylation. Previously, we delineated stress-stimulated JNK targeting of STMN. Here, we identified cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling as responsible for stress-induced STMN Ser-63 phosphorylation. Increased cAMP levels induced by cholera toxin triggered potent STMN Ser-63 phosphorylation. Osmotic stress stimulated an increase in PKA activity and elevated STMN Ser-63 and CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein) Ser-133 phosphorylation that was substantially attenuated by pretreatment with H-89, a PKA inhibitor. Interestingly, PKA activity and subsequent phosphorylation of STMN were augmented in the absence of JNK activation, indicating JNK and PKA pathway cross-talk during stress regulation of STMN. Taken together our study indicates that JNK- and PKA-mediated STMN Ser-38 and Ser-63 phosphorylation are required to preserve interphase microtubules in response to hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Yip
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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38
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Prokop A. The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance. Neural Dev 2013; 8:17. [PMID: 24010872 PMCID: PMC3846809 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of neurons are their slender axons which represent the longest cellular processes of animals and which act as the cables that electrically wire the brain, and the brain to the body. Axons extend along reproducible paths during development and regeneration, and they have to be maintained for the lifetime of an organism. Both axon extension and maintenance essentially depend on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. For this, MTs organize into parallel bundles that are established through extension at the leading axon tips within growth cones, and these bundles then form the architectural backbones, as well as the highways for axonal transport essential for supply and intracellular communication. Axon transport over these enormous distances takes days or even weeks and is a substantial logistical challenge. It is performed by kinesins and dynein/dynactin, which are molecular motors that form close functional links to the MTs they walk along. The intricate machinery which regulates MT dynamics, axonal transport and the motors is essential for nervous system development and function, and its investigation has huge potential to bring urgently required progress in understanding the causes of many developmental and degenerative brain disorders. During the last years new explanations for the highly specific properties of axonal MTs and for their close functional links to motor proteins have emerged, and it has become increasingly clear that motors play active roles also in regulating axonal MT networks. Here, I will provide an overview of these new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Prokop
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Alterations in energy metabolism, neuroprotection and visual signal transduction in the retina of Parkinsonian, MPTP-treated monkeys. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74439. [PMID: 24040246 PMCID: PMC3764107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease is mainly characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system, including the retina. Different interrelated molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson disease-associated neuronal death have been put forward in the brain, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Systemic injection of the proneurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to monkeys elicits the appearance of a parkinsonian syndrome, including morphological and functional impairments in the retina. However, the intracellular events leading to derangement of dopaminergic and other retinal neurons in MPTP-treated animal models have not been so far investigated. Here we have used a comparative proteomics approach to identify proteins differentially expressed in the retina of MPTP-treated monkeys. Proteins were solubilized from the neural retinas of control and MPTP-treated animals, labelled separately with two different cyanine fluorophores and run pairwise on 2D DIGE gels. Out of >700 protein spots resolved and quantified, 36 were found to exhibit statistically significant differences in their expression levels, of at least ±1.4-fold, in the parkinsonian monkey retina compared with controls. Most of these spots were excised from preparative 2D gels, trypsinized and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and LC-MS/MS analyses. Data obtained were used for protein sequence database interrogation, and 15 different proteins were successfully identified, of which 13 were underexpressed and 2 overexpressed. These proteins were involved in key cellular functional pathways such as glycolysis and mitochondrial electron transport, neuronal protection against stress and survival, and phototransduction processes. These functional categories underscore that alterations in energy metabolism, neuroprotective mechanisms and signal transduction are involved in MPTP-induced neuronal degeneration in the retina, in similarity to mechanisms thought to underlie neuronal death in the Parkinson’s diseased brain and neurodegenerative diseases of the retina proper.
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40
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Duncan JE, Lytle NK, Zuniga A, Goldstein LSB. The Microtubule Regulatory Protein Stathmin Is Required to Maintain the Integrity of Axonal Microtubules in Drosophila. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68324. [PMID: 23840848 PMCID: PMC3694009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal transport, a form of long-distance, bi-directional intracellular transport that occurs between the cell body and synaptic terminal, is critical in maintaining the function and viability of neurons. We have identified a requirement for the stathmin (stai) gene in the maintenance of axonal microtubules and regulation of axonal transport in Drosophila. The stai gene encodes a cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics by partitioning tubulin dimers between pools of soluble tubulin and polymerized microtubules, and by directly binding to microtubules and promoting depolymerization. Analysis of stai function in Drosophila, which has a single stai gene, circumvents potential complications with studies performed in vertebrate systems in which mutant phenotypes may be compensated by genetic redundancy of other members of the stai gene family. This has allowed us to identify an essential function for stai in the maintenance of the integrity of axonal microtubules. In addition to the severe disruption in the abundance and architecture of microtubules in the axons of stai mutant Drosophila, we also observe additional neurological phenotypes associated with loss of stai function including a posterior paralysis and tail-flip phenotype in third instar larvae, aberrant accumulation of transported membranous organelles in stai deficient axons, a progressive bang-sensitive response to mechanical stimulation reminiscent of the class of Drosophila mutants used to model human epileptic seizures, and a reduced adult lifespan. Reductions in the levels of Kinesin-1, the primary anterograde motor in axonal transport, enhance these phenotypes. Collectively, our results indicate that stai has an important role in neuronal function, likely through the maintenance of microtubule integrity in the axons of nerves of the peripheral nervous system necessary to support and sustain long-distance axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Duncan
- Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikki K. Lytle
- Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Zuniga
- Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. B. Goldstein
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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41
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Decreased stathmin expression ameliorates neuromuscular defects but fails to prolong survival in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 52:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Zhao F, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Zhang X, Luo J, Xu Y, Wang X. Abnormal expression of stathmin 1 in brain tissue of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy and a rat model. Synapse 2012; 66:781-91. [PMID: 22535533 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics have been shown to contribute to neurite outgrowth, branching, and guidance. Stathmin 1 is a potent microtubule-destabilizing factor that is involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and plays an essential role in neurite elongation and synaptic plasticity. Here, we investigate the expression of stathmin 1 in the brain tissues of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and experimental animals using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting. We obtained 32 temporal neocortex tissue samples from patients with intractable TLE and 12 histologically normal temporal lobe tissues as controls. In addition, 48 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, including one control group and five groups with epilepsy induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine. Hippocampal and temporal lobe tissues were obtained from control and epileptic rats on Days 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 after kindling. Stathmin 1 was mainly expressed in the neuronal membrane and cytoplasm in the human controls, and its expression levels were significantly higher in patients with intractable TLE. Moreover, stathmin 1 was also expressed in the neurons of both the control and the experimental rats. Stathmin 1 expression was decreased in the experimental animals from 1 to 14 days postseizure and then significantly increased at Days 30 and 60 compared with the control group. Many protruding neuronal processes were observed in the TLE patients and in the chronic stage epileptic rats. These data suggest that stathmin 1 may participate in the abnormal network reorganization of synapses and contribute to the pathogenesis of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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43
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Abstract
Synaptic connections can be stably maintained for prolonged periods, yet can be rapidly disassembled during the developmental refinement of neural circuitry and following cytological insults that lead to neurodegeneration. To date, the molecular mechanisms that determine whether a synapse will persist versus being remodeled or eliminated remain poorly understood. Mutations in Drosophila stathmin were isolated in two independent genetic screens that sought mutations leading to impaired synapse stability at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here we demonstrate that Stathmin, a protein that associates with microtubules and can function as a point of signaling integration, is necessary to maintain the stability of the Drosophila NMJ. We show that Stathmin protein is widely distributed within motoneurons and that loss of Stathmin causes impaired NMJ growth and stability. In addition, we show that stathmin mutants display evidence of defective axonal transport, a common feature associated with neuronal degeneration and altered synapse stability. The disassembly of the NMJ in stathmin includes a predictable sequence of cytological events, suggesting that a common program of synapse disassembly is induced following the loss of Stathmin protein. These data define a required function for Stathmin during synapse maintenance in a model system in which there is only a single stathmin gene, enabling future genetic investigation of Stathmin function with potential relevance to the cause and progression of neuromuscular degenerative disease.
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Proteomic analysis of the nucleus accumbens in rhesus monkeys of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1330-42. [PMID: 22123079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that the reinforcing effects and long-term consequences of morphine are closely associated with nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the brain, a key region of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. However, the proteins involved in neuroadaptive processes and withdrawal symptom in primates of morphine dependence have not been well explored. In the present study, we performed proteomes in the NAc of rhesus monkeys of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention with clonidine or methadone. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to compare changes in cytosolic protein abundance in the NAc. We found a total of 46 proteins differentially expressed, which were further identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The identified proteins can be classified into 6 classes: metabolism and mitochondrial function, synaptic transmission, cytoskeletal proteins, oxidative stress, signal transduction and protein synthesis and degradation. Importantly, we discovered 14 proteins were significantly but similarly altered after withdrawal therapy with clonidine or methadone, revealing potential pharmacological strategies or targets for the treatment of morphine addiction. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the neuropathophysiology associated with morphine addiction and withdrawal therapy in primate, which is helpful for the development of opiate withdrawal pharmacotherapies.
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Liu H, Zhang R, Ko SY, Oyajobi BO, Papasian CJ, Deng HW, Zhang S, Zhao M. Microtubule assembly affects bone mass by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast functions: stathmin deficiency produces an osteopenic phenotype in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2052-67. [PMID: 21557310 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton microtubules regulate various cell signaling pathways that are involved in bone cell function. We recently reported that inhibition of microtubule assembly by microtubule-targeting drugs stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. To further elucidate the role of microtubules in bone homeostasis, we characterized the skeletal phenotype of mice null for stathmin, an endogenous protein that inhibits microtubule assembly. In vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histology revealed that stathmin deficiency results in a significant reduction of bone mass in adult mice concurrent with decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast numbers in bone tissues. Phenotypic analyses of primary calvarial cells and bone marrow cells showed that stathmin deficiency inhibited osteoblast differentiation and induced osteoclast formation. In vitro overexpression studies showed that increased stathmin levels enhanced osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived cells and attenuated osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor Raw264.7 cells and bone marrow cells. Results of immunofluorescent studies indicated that overexpression of stathmin disrupted radial microtubule filaments, whereas deficiency of stathmin stabilized the microtubule network structure in these bone cells. In addition, microtubule-targeting drugs that inhibit microtubule assembly and induce osteoblast differentiation lost these effects in the absence of stathmin. Collectively, these results suggest that stathmin, which alters microtubule dynamics, plays an essential role in maintenance of postnatal bone mass by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast functions in bone. \
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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46
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Kuroda KO, Tachikawa K, Yoshida S, Tsuneoka Y, Numan M. Neuromolecular basis of parental behavior in laboratory mice and rats: with special emphasis on technical issues of using mouse genetics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1205-31. [PMID: 21338647 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To support the well-being of the parent-infant relationship, the neuromolecular mechanisms of parental behaviors should be clarified. From neuroanatomical analyses in laboratory rats, the medial preoptic area (MPOA) has been shown to be of critical importance in parental retrieving behavior. More recently, various gene-targeted mouse strains have been found to be defective in different aspects of parental behaviors, contributing to the identification of molecules and signaling pathways required for the behavior. Therefore, the neuromolecular basis of "mother love" is now a fully approachable research field in modern molecular neuroscience. In this review, we will provide a summary of the required brain areas and gene for parental behavior in laboratory mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus). Basic protocols and technical considerations on studying the mechanism of parental behavior using genetically-engineered mouse strains will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi O Kuroda
- Unit for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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47
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Ehlis AC, Bauernschmitt K, Dresler T, Hahn T, Herrmann MJ, Röser C, Romanos M, Warnke A, Gerlach M, Lesch KP, Fallgatter AJ, Renner TJ. Influence of a genetic variant of the neuronal growth associated protein Stathmin 1 on cognitive and affective control processes: an event-related potential study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:291-302. [PMID: 21438138 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is a neuronal growth associated protein (NGAP) that is involved in microtubule dynamics and plays an important role in neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. It is highly expressed in the amygdala, but also in different areas of the neocortex including the frontal lobe. Based on previous findings regarding an impact of STMN1 on fear processing, the present study aimed at extending the evidence concerning its functional role to include the domain of executive (frontal lobe) functions. To this end, a group of 59 healthy volunteers stratified for the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs182455 of the STMN1 gene was examined by means of three experimental paradigms probing different aspects of cognitive-affective functioning. Event-related potential measures of cognitive response control, emotional interference processing, and action monitoring were analyzed. STMN1 genotype significantly affected the NoGo-anteriorization (NGA)-a neurophysiological marker of cognitive response control associated with medial prefrontal cortex activation-as well as the modulation of the P300 by the valence of emotional Stroop stimuli. In both cases, carriers of the rs182455 C-allele showed altered cognitive-affective processing; effects appeared to be more pronounced in females. Our findings indicate a functional impact of STMN1 on cognitive and affective control processes, thereby complementing previous evidence on its role in fear processing. Based on these results, an influence of STMN1 should be considered in studies aiming at the etiopathogenesis of a broad range of neuropsychiatric disorders with dysfunctional networking, including neurodegenerative disorders as well as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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48
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Bsibsi M, Bajramovic JJ, Vogt MHJ, van Duijvenvoorden E, Baghat A, Persoon-Deen C, Tielen F, Verbeek R, Huitinga I, Ryffel B, Kros A, Gerritsen WH, Amor S, van Noort JM. The microtubule regulator stathmin is an endogenous protein agonist for TLR3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6929-37. [PMID: 20483774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TLR3 recognizes dsRNAs and is considered of key importance to antiviral host-defense responses. TLR3 also triggers neuroprotective responses in astrocytes and controls the growth of axons and neuronal progenitor cells, suggesting additional roles for TLR3-mediated signaling in the CNS. This prompted us to search for alternative, CNS-borne protein agonists for TLR3. A genome-scale functional screening of a transcript library from brain tumors revealed that the microtubule regulator stathmin is an activator of TLR3-dependent signaling in astrocytes, inducing the same set of neuroprotective factors as the known TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. This activity of stathmin crucially depends on a long, negatively charged alpha helix in the protein. Colocalization of stathmin with TLR3 on astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in multiple sclerosis-affected human brain indicates that as an endogenous TLR3 agonist, stathmin may fulfill previously unsuspected regulatory roles during inflammation and repair in the adult CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Bsibsi
- Department of Biomedical Research, TNO Quality of Life, Delta Crystallon, Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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Wen HL, Lin YT, Ting CH, Lin-Chao S, Li H, Hsieh-Li HM. Stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing protein, is dysregulated in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1766-78. [PMID: 20176735 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a motor neuron degeneration disorder, is caused by either mutations or deletions of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene which result in insufficient SMN protein. Here, we describe a potential link between stathmin and microtubule defects in SMA. Stathmin was identified by screening Smn-knockdown NSC34 cells through proteomics analysis. We found that stathmin was aberrantly upregulated in vitro and in vivo, leading to a decreased level of polymerized tubulin, which was correlated with disease severity. Reduced microtubule densities and beta(III)-tubulin levels in distal axons of affected SMA-like mice and an impaired microtubule network in Smn-deficient cells were observed, suggesting an involvement of stathmin in those microtubule defects. Furthermore, knockdown of stathmin restored the microtubule network defects of Smn-deficient cells, promoted axon outgrowth and reduced the defect in mitochondria transport in SMA-like motor neurons. We conclude that aberrant stathmin levels may play a detrimental role in SMA; this finding suggests a novel approach to treating SMA by enhancing microtubule stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lan Wen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Lachkar S, Lebois M, Steinmetz MO, Guichet A, Lal N, Curmi PA, Sobel A, Ozon S. Drosophila stathmins bind tubulin heterodimers with high and variable stoichiometries. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:11667-80. [PMID: 20145240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.096727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, stathmins form a family of proteins possessing two tubulin binding repeats (TBRs), which each binds one soluble tubulin heterodimer. The stathmins thus sequester two tubulins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, providing a link between signal transduction and microtubule dynamics. In Drosophila, we show here that a single stathmin gene (stai) encodes a family of D-stathmin proteins. Two of the D-stathmins are maternally deposited and then restricted to germ cells, and the other two are detected in the nervous system during embryo development. Like in vertebrates, the nervous system-enriched stathmins contain an N-terminal domain involved in subcellular targeting. All the D-stathmins possess a domain containing three or four predicted TBRs, and we demonstrate here, using complementary biochemical and biophysical methods, that all four predicted TBR domains actually bind tubulin. D-stathmins can indeed bind up to four tubulins, the resulting complex being directly visualized by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the presence of regulated multiple tubulin sites is a conserved characteristic of stathmins in invertebrates and allows us to predict key residues in stathmin for the binding of tubulin. Altogether, our results reveal that the single Drosophila stathmin gene codes for a stathmin family similar to the multigene vertebrate one, but with particular tubulin binding properties.
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