1
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Oya K, Tsuchie H, Nagasawa H, Hongo M, Kasukawa Y, Kudo D, Shoji R, Kasama F, Kawaragi T, Watanabe M, Tominaga K, Miyakoshi N. Development of a New Focal Mouse Model of Bone Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2024; 38:1074-1078. [PMID: 38688604 PMCID: PMC11059864 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Developing animal models of bone metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is challenging as immunodeficient mice are required. The aim of this study was to develop a simple immune model of RCC bone metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS RENCA tumor cells were injected into the right femurs of BALB/c mice. Sixty mice were grouped into each twenty-mouse group according to the tumor cell concentration, and the presence or absence and extent of bone metastasis in the total length of the femur were compared using hematoxylin and eosin staining of the excised tissues. RESULTS Bone metastasis was significantly higher in the high concentration group than in the other groups (p<0.05), with 10 mice developing bone metastasis at two weeks and nine mice developing bone metastasis at three weeks. The extent of bone metastasis was significantly greater in the high concentration group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors influencing bone metastasis, and only the high concentration was a significant factor (p<0.05). CONCLUSION We developed a normal immunity mouse model of local bone metastasis from RCC. This model could prove valuable for research into the treatment of bone metastases in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Oya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Michio Hongo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ryo Shoji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita Kousei Medical Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kasama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yuri Kumiai General Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaragi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenta Tominaga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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2
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Haider MT, Freytag V, Krause L, Spethmann T, Gosau T, Beine MC, Knies C, Schröder-Schwarz J, Horn M, Riecken K, Lange T. Comparison of ex vivo bioluminescence imaging, Alu-qPCR and histology for the quantification of spontaneous lung and bone metastases in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:103-115. [PMID: 38353934 PMCID: PMC10972982 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a non-invasive state-of-the-art-method for longitudinal tracking of tumor cells in mice. The technique is commonly used to determine bone metastatic burden in vivo and also suitable ex vivo to detect even smallest bone micro-metastases in spontaneous metastasis xenograft models. However, it is unclear to which extent ex vivo BLI correlates with alternative methods for metastasis quantification. Here, we compared ex vivo BLI, human DNA-based Alu-qPCR, and histology for the quantification of bone vs. lung metastases, which are amongst the most common sites of metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa) patients and spontaneous PCa xenograft models. Data from 93 immunodeficient mice were considered, each of which were subcutaneously injected with luciferase/RGB-labeled human PCa PC-3 cells. The primary tumors were resected at ~ 0.75 cm³ and mice were sacrificed ~ 3 weeks after surgery and immediately examined by ex vivo BLI. Afterwards, the right lungs and hind limbs with the higher BLI signal (BLIHi bone) were processed for histology, whereas the left lung lobes and hind limbs with the lower BLI signal (BLILo bone) were prepared for Alu-qPCR. Our data demonstrate remarkable differences in the correlation coefficients of the different methods for lung metastasis detection (r ~ 0.8) vs. bone metastasis detection (r ~ 0.4). However, the BLI values of the BLIHi and BLILo bones correlated very strongly (r ~ 0.9), indicating that the method per se was reliable under identical limitations; the overall level of metastasis to contralateral bones was astonishingly similar. Instead, the level of lung metastasis only weakly to moderately correlated with the level of bone metastasis formation. Summarized, we observed a considerable discrepancy between ex vivo BLI and histology/Alu-qPCR in the quantification of bone metastases, which was not observed in the case of lung metastases. Future studies using ex vivo BLI for bone metastasis quantification should combine multiple methods to accurately determine metastatic load in bone samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Haider
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Vera Freytag
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Spethmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Tobias Gosau
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Mia C Beine
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Christine Knies
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schröder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Michael Horn
- Core Facility In Vivo Optical Imaging, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy I, University Hospital Jena, Teichgraben 7, Jena, 07743, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Ulm, Germany.
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3
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Kolahi Azar H, Gharibshahian M, Rostami M, Mansouri V, Sabouri L, Beheshtizadeh N, Rezaei N. The progressive trend of modeling and drug screening systems of breast cancer bone metastasis. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:14. [PMID: 38317174 PMCID: PMC10845631 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is considered as a considerable challenge for breast cancer patients. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to examine this occurrence. In vitro models are employed to simulate the intricate tumor microenvironment, investigate the interplay between cells and their adjacent microenvironment, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for tumors. The endeavor to replicate the latency period of bone metastasis in animal models has presented a challenge, primarily due to the necessity of primary tumor removal and the presence of multiple potential metastatic sites.The utilization of novel bone metastasis models, including three-dimensional (3D) models, has been proposed as a promising approach to overcome the constraints associated with conventional 2D and animal models. However, existing 3D models are limited by various factors, such as irregular cellular proliferation, autofluorescence, and changes in genetic and epigenetic expression. The imperative for the advancement of future applications of 3D models lies in their standardization and automation. The utilization of artificial intelligence exhibits the capability to predict cellular behavior through the examination of substrate materials' chemical composition, geometry, and mechanical performance. The implementation of these algorithms possesses the capability to predict the progression and proliferation of cancer. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of bone metastasis following primary breast cancer. Current models of breast cancer bone metastasis, along with their challenges, as well as the future perspectives of using these models for translational drug development, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kolahi Azar
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rostami
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Science and Nutrition Group (FSAN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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4
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González Díaz EC, Tai M, Monette CEF, Wu JY, Yang F. Spatially patterned 3D model mimics key features of cancer metastasis to bone. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122163. [PMID: 37236137 PMCID: PMC10621670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone is the most common target of metastasis in breast cancer and prostate cancer, leading to significant mortality due to lack of effective treatments. The discovery of novel therapies has been hampered by a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models that can mimic key clinical features of bone metastases. To fill this critical gap, here we report spatially patterned, tissue engineered 3D models of breast cancer and prostate cancer bone metastasis which mimic bone-specific invasion, cancer aggressiveness, cancer-induced dysregulation of bone remodeling, and in vivo drug response. We demonstrate the potential of integrating such 3D models with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify key signaling drivers of cancer metastasis to bone. Together, these results validate that spatially patterned 3D bone metastasis models mimic key clinical features of bone metastasis and can serve as a novel research tool to elucidate bone metastasis biology and expedite drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C González Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Michelle Tai
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Callan E F Monette
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Yu Y, Li K, Peng Y, Wu W, Chen F, Shao Z, Zhang Z. Animal models of cancer metastasis to the bone. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165380. [PMID: 37091152 PMCID: PMC10113496 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a major cause of mortality from several tumors, including those of the breast, prostate, and the thyroid gland. Since bone tissue is one of the most common sites of metastasis, the treatment of bone metastases is crucial for the cure of cancer. Hence, disease models must be developed to understand the process of bone metastasis in order to devise therapies for it. Several translational models of different bone metastatic tumors have been developed, including animal models, cell line injection models, bone implant models, and patient-derived xenograft models. However, a compendium on different bone metastatic cancers is currently not available. Here, we have compiled several animal models derived from current experiments on bone metastasis, mostly involving breast and prostate cancer, to improve the development of preclinical models and promote the treatment of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kanglu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Chen, ; Zengwu Shao, ; Zhicai Zhang,
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Chen, ; Zengwu Shao, ; Zhicai Zhang,
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Chen, ; Zengwu Shao, ; Zhicai Zhang,
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6
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Bioluminescence-Activated Photodynamic Therapy for Luciferase Transfected, Grade 4 Astrocytoma cells in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Diehm YF, Marstaller K, Seckler AM, Berger MR, Zepp M, Gaida MM, Thomé J, Kotsougiani-Fischer D, Kneser U, Fischer S. The collagenase of the bacterium Clostridium histolyticum does not favor metastasis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:599-609. [PMID: 35129812 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. As survival rates increase, breast reconstruction and quality of life gain importance. Of all women undergoing breast reconstruction, approximately, 70% opt for silicone implants and 50% of those develop capsular contracture, the most prevalent long-term complication. The collagenase of the bacterium Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) showed promising results in the therapy of capsule contracture; however, its influence on residual cancer cells is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CCH-treatment negatively impacts breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were used in this study. In vitro, we tested the influence of CCH on proliferation, wound healing, migration and cell cycle by MTT-assay, scratch-assay, transwell-migration-assay, and flow cytometry. In vivo, solid tumors were induced in immune-deficient mice. CCH was injected into the tumors and tumor growth and metastasis formation was monitored by caliper measurement, in vivo bioluminescence imaging and histology. Gene expression analysis was performed by microarray including 27,190 genes. RESULTS CCH-incubation led to a dose-dependent reduction in proliferation for both cell lines, while wound healing was reduced only in MDA-MB-231 cells. No morphological alterations were monitored in cell cycle or apoptosis. In vivo, bioluminescence imaging and histology did not show any evidence of metastasis. Although CCH led to changes in gene expression of breast cancer cells, no relevant alterations in metastasis-related genes were monitored. CONCLUSION CCH has no impact on tumor growth or metastasis formation in vitro and in vivo. This paves the way for first clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fabian Diehm
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Katharina Marstaller
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Seckler
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Reinhold Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Zepp
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Martin Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Thomé
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kotsougiani-Fischer
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Basic and translational breast cancer research relies heavily on experimental animal models. Ideally, such models for breast cancer should have commonality with human breast cancer in terms of tumor etiology, biological behavior, pathology, and response to therapeutics. This review introduces current progress in different breast cancer experimental animal models and analyzes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications. Finally, we propose future research directions for breast cancer animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ce-Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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9
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Functional Imaging Using Bioluminescent Reporter Genes in Living Subjects. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Dasatinib prevents skeletal metastasis of osteotropic MDA-MB-231 cells in a xenograft mouse model. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 301:1493-1502. [PMID: 32170411 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone metastasis in breast cancer has been linked to activity of c-Src kinase, one of the extensively explored tyrosine kinases in cell biology. The impact of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptors has just recently been integrated into this conception. METHODS An osteotropic clone of MDA-MB-231 cells simulated a model for bone metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The effects of Dasatinib, a clinically established inhibitor of Src kinases family and Abl were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vivo effects of Dasatinib treatment on the occurrence of skeletal metastases were tested in a xenograft mouse model after intra-cardiac injection of osteotropic MDA-MB-231-cells. Ex vivo analyses of the bone sections confirmed intraosseous growth of metastases and allowed determination of osteoclastic activity. RESULTS Treatment of osteotropic MDA-MB-231 cells with Dasatinib inhibited proliferation rates in vitro. A shift in TRAIL-receptor expression towards an induction of oncogenic TRAIL-R2 was observed. In vivo, 15 of 30 mice received an intra-peritoneal treatment with Dasatinib. These mice showed significantly less skeletal metastases in bioluminescence scans. Moreover, a pronounced increase in bone volume was observed in the treatment group, as detected by µ-Computed Tomography. Dasatinib treatment also led to a greater increase in bone density in tibiae without metastatic affection, which was accompanied by reduced recruitment of osteoclasts. CONCLUSION Our observations support the concept of utilizing Dasatinib in targeting early-stage bone metastatic TNBC and sustaining bone health.
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11
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Worrede A, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Limiting tumor seeding as a therapeutic approach for metastatic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:117-128. [PMID: 30877019 PMCID: PMC6571062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we propose that therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are widely understood to be the seeds of metastasis, would represent an effective strategy towards limiting numerical expansion of secondary lesions and containing overall tumor burden in cancer patients. However, the molecular mediators of tumor seeding have not been well characterized. This is in part due to the limited number of pre-clinical in vivo approaches that appropriately interrogate the mechanisms by which cancer cells home to arresting organs. It is critical that we continue to investigate the mediators of tumor seeding as it is evident that the ability of CTCs to colonize in distant sites is what drives disease progression even after the primary tumor has been ablated by local modalities. In addition to slowing disease progression, containing metastatic spread by impeding tumor cell seeding may also provide a clinical benefit by increasing the duration of the residence of CTCs in systemic circulation thereby increasing their exposure to pharmacological agents commonly used in the treatment of patients such as chemotherapy and immunotherapies. In this review we will examine the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of tumor cells seeding as well as explore how targeting this stage of metastatic spreading may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asurayya Worrede
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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CXCR4 signaling regulates metastatic onset by controlling neutrophil motility and response to malignant cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2399. [PMID: 30787324 PMCID: PMC6382824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing tumors interact with the surrounding microenvironment. Myeloid cells exert both anti- and pro-tumor functions and chemokines are known to drive immune cell migration towards cancer cells. It is documented that CXCR4 signaling supports tumor metastasis formation in tissues where CXCL12, its cognate ligand, is abundant. On the other hand, the role of the neutrophilic CXCR4 signaling in driving cancer invasion and metastasis formation is poorly understood. Here, we use the zebrafish xenotransplantation model to study the role of CXCR4 signaling in driving the interaction between invasive human tumor cells and host neutrophils, supporting early metastasis formation. We found that zebrafish cxcr4 (cxcr4b) is highly expressed in neutrophils and experimental micrometastases fail to form in mutant larvae lacking a functional Cxcr4b. We demonstrated that Cxcr4b controls neutrophil number and motility and showed that Cxcr4b transcriptomic signature relates to motility and adhesion regulation in neutrophils in tumor-naïve larvae. Finally, Cxcr4b deficient neutrophils failed to interact with cancer cells initiating early metastatic events. In conclusion, we propose that CXCR4 signaling supports the interaction between tumor cells and host neutrophils in developing tumor metastases. Therefore, targeting CXCR4 on tumor cells and neutrophils could serve as a double bladed razor to limit cancer progression.
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Tulotta C, Groenewoud A, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Ottewell P. Animal Models of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1914:309-330. [PMID: 30729473 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8997-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter is designed to provide a comprehensive overview outlining the different in vivo models available for research into breast cancer bone metastasis. The main focus is to guide the researcher through the methodological processes required to establish and utilize these models within their own laboratory. These detailed methods are designed to enable the acquisition of accurate and meaningful results that can be used for publication and future translation into clinical benefit for women with breast cancer-induced bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tulotta
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arwin Groenewoud
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Penelope Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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14
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Ubellacker JM, Baryawno N, Severe N, DeCristo MJ, Sceneay J, Hutchinson JN, Haider MT, Rhee CS, Qin Y, Gregory WM, Garrido-Castro AC, Holen I, Brown JE, Coleman RE, Scadden DT, McAllister SS. Modulating Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Lineage Potential to Prevent Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5300-5314. [PMID: 30065048 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of disseminated tumor cells in breast cancer patient bone marrow aspirates predicts decreased recurrence-free survival. Although it is appreciated that physiologic, pathologic, and therapeutic conditions impact hematopoiesis, it remains unclear whether targeting hematopoiesis presents opportunities for limiting bone metastasis. Using preclinical breast cancer models, we discovered that marrow from mice treated with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) are metastasis-suppressive. Specifically, ZA modulated hematopoietic myeloid/osteoclast progenitor cell (M/OCP) lineage potential to activate metastasis-suppressive activity. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) promoted ZA resistance by redirecting M/OCP differentiation. We identified M/OCP and bone marrow transcriptional programs associated with metastasis suppression and ZA resistance. Analysis of patient blood samples taken at randomization revealed that women with high-plasma G-CSF experienced significantly worse outcome with adjuvant ZA than those with lower G-CSF levels. Our findings support discovery of therapeutic strategies to direct M/OCP lineage potential and biomarkers that stratify responses in patients at risk of recurrence.Significance: Bone marrow myeloid/osteoclast progenitor cell lineage potential has a profound impact on breast cancer bone metastasis and can be modulated by G-CSF and bone-targeting agents. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5300-14. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn M Ubellacker
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and the Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolas Severe
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and the Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Molly J DeCristo
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaclyn Sceneay
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John N Hutchinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie-Therese Haider
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S Rhee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and the Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yuanbo Qin
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter M Gregory
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ana C Garrido-Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E Brown
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Coleman
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and the Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sandra S McAllister
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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15
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Hensel J, Wetterwald A, Temanni R, Keller I, Riether C, van der Pluijm G, Cecchini MG, Thalmann GN. Osteolytic cancer cells induce vascular/axon guidance processes in the bone/bone marrow stroma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28877-28896. [PMID: 29988965 PMCID: PMC6034746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancers frequently metastasize to bone. The physiological bone homeostasis is perturbed once cancer cells proliferate at the bone metastatic site. Tumors are complex structures consisting of cancer cells and numerous stroma cells. In this study, we show that osteolytic cancer cells (PC-3 and MDA-MB231) induce transcriptome changes in the bone/bone marrow microenvironment (stroma). This stroma transcriptome differs from the previously reported stroma transcriptome of osteoinductive cancer cells (VCaP). While the biological process “angiogenesis/vasculogenesis” is enriched in both transcriptomes, the “vascular/axon guidance” process is a unique process that characterizes the osteolytic stroma. In osteolytic bone metastasis, angiogenesis is denoted by vessel morphology and marker expression specific for arteries/arterioles. Interestingly, intra-tumoral neurite-like structures were in proximity to arteries. Additionally, we found that increased numbers of mesenchymal stem cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, expressing osteolytic cytokines and inhibitors of bone formation, contribute to the osteolytic bone phenotype. Osteoinductive and osteolytic cancer cells induce different types of vessels, representing functionally different hematopoietic stem cell niches. This finding suggests different growth requirements of osteolytic and osteoinductive cancer cells and the need for a differential anti-angiogenic strategy to inhibit tumor growth in osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Hensel
- Urology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antoinette Wetterwald
- Urology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Irene Keller
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco G Cecchini
- Urology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - George N Thalmann
- Urology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Roolf C, Richter A, Konkolefski C, Knuebel G, Sekora A, Krohn S, Stenzel J, Krause BJ, Vollmar B, Murua Escobar H, Junghanss C. Decitabine demonstrates antileukemic activity in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with MLL rearrangements. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:62. [PMID: 29728108 PMCID: PMC5936021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Promotor hypermethylation of CpG islands is common in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements. Hypomethylating agents (HMA) such as azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DEC) reduce DNA hypermethylation by incorporation into DNA and were successfully introduced into the clinic for the treatment of myeloid neoplasias. Methods Here, we investigated whether HMA induce comparable biological effects in MLL-positive BCP-ALL. Further, efficacy of HMA and concomitant application of cytostatic drugs (cytarabine and doxorubicin) were evaluated on established SEM and RS4;11 cell lines. In addition, promising approaches were studied on BCP-ALL cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models. Results In general, DEC effects were stronger compared to AZA on MLL-positive BCP-ALL cells. DEC significantly reduced proliferation by induction of cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. Most sensitive to HMA were SEM cells which are characterized by a fast cell doubling time. The combination of low-dose HMA and conventional cytostatic agents revealed a heterogeneous response pattern. The strongest antiproliferative effects were observed when ALL cells were simultaneously exposed to HMA and cytostatic drugs. Most potent synergistic effects of HMA were induced with cytarabine. Finally, the therapeutic potential of DEC was evaluated on BCP-ALL xenograft models. DEC significantly delayed leukemic proliferation in xenograft models as demonstrated longitudinally by non-invasive bioluminescence as well as 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging. Unexpectedly, in vivo concomitant application of DEC and cytarabine did not enhance the antiproliferative effect compared to DEC monotherapy. Conclusions Our data reveal that DEC is active in MLL-positive BCP-ALL and warrant clinical evaluation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0607-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Konkolefski
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - G Knuebel
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Krohn
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Stenzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Gertrudenplatz 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - B J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Gertrudenplatz 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - B Vollmar
- Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - H Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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17
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Frees S, Breuksch I, Haber T, Bauer HK, Chavez-Munoz C, Raven P, Moskalev I, D Costa N, Tan Z, Daugaard M, Thüroff JW, Haferkamp A, Prawitt D, So A, Brenner W. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes development of bone metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15766-15779. [PMID: 29644008 PMCID: PMC5884663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is an important prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been associated with bone metastasis in several different malignancies. We analyzed the impact of CaSR in bone metastasis in RCC in vitro and in vivo. The RCC cell line 786-O was stably transfected with the CaSR gene and treated with calcium alone or in combination with the CaSR antagonist NPS2143. Afterwards migration, adhesion, proliferation and prominent signaling molecules were analyzed. Calcium treated CaSR-transfected 768-O cells showed an increased adhesion to endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix components fibronectin and collagen I, but not to collagen IV. The chemotactic cell migration and proliferation was also induced by calcium. The activity of SHC, AKT, ERK, P90RSK and JNK were enhanced after calcium treatment of CaSR-transfected cells. These effects were abolished by NPS2143. Development of bone metastasis was evaluated in vivo in a mouse model. Intracardiac injection of CaSR-transfected 768-O cells showed an increased rate of bone metastasis. The results indicate CaSR as an important component in the mechanism of bone metastasis in RCC. Therefore, targeting CaSR might be beneficial in patients with bone metastatic RCC with a high CaSR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Frees
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ines Breuksch
- Department of Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Haber
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heide-Katharina Bauer
- Department of Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Chavez-Munoz
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Raven
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Igor Moskalev
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ninadh D Costa
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joachim W Thüroff
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Current address: Department of Urology, University Clinic Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alan So
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Campbell GM, Tower RJ, Damm T, Kneissl P, Rambow AC, Schem C, Tiwari S, Glüer CC. Tracking the Progression of Osteolytic and Osteosclerotic Lesions in Mice Using Serial In Vivo μCT: Applications to the Assessment of Bisphosphonate Treatment Efficacy. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:410-418. [PMID: 29044710 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The metastasis of tumor cells to bone can lead to osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesions, which cause severe, highly-localized bone destruction and abnormal bone apposition, respectively. Accurate quantification of lesion progression is critical to understand underlying mechanisms and assess treatment efficacy; however, standard structural parameters may be insensitive to local changes. We developed methods to quantify osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesions using micro-computed tomography (μCT) within in vivo mouse datasets. Two Balb/c nude datasets were used: (i) bone-homing MDA-MB-231 (osteolytic) cells injected into the left ventricle, treatment with alendronate or vehicle, and weekly μCT (proximal tibia) for 4 weeks, and (ii) MCF7 (osteosclerotic) cells injected into the right tibia and weekly μCT over 12 weeks. After registering images to baseline, osteolytic lesion volume was determined by summing all baseline bone voxels at distances greater than a threshold (150 μm) from the nearest follow-up. Osteosclerotic lesions were determined by measuring the distance from each follow-up surface voxel to the nearest baseline surface and calculating the standard deviation of distance values (SDDT) of the surrounding voxels. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume density (BV/TV), and separation (Sp) were determined for comparison. Osteolytic lesions were observed 1 week after tumor cell injection; however, no corresponding BV/TV losses or Sp increases were observed, indicating that standard parameters were unable to detect early metastatic changes. Lesion volume was smaller in the alendronate versus control group (15.0%, p = 0.004 and 18.6%, p = 0.002 of control lesion volume at weeks 3 and 4, respectively). In the osteosclerotic dataset, increased SDDT was observed following injection, providing a potential new measure of osteosclerotic bone apposition. These data show that quantification of local structural change with serial μCT may overcome the limitations of standard mineral and microstructural parameters, and successfully separates metastatic and normal bone turnover. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme M Campbell
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert J Tower
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timo Damm
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Kneissl
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna C Rambow
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schem
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus C Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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19
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Slavcev RA, Sum CH, St Jean J, Huh H, Nafissi N. Specific Systems for Evaluation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 110:99-123. [PMID: 30536228 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78259-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent-based visualization techniques have long been used to monitor biological activity. This chapter explores the delivery of reporter genes as a means to assay and track activity in biological systems. Bioluminescence is the production of light due to biochemical processes. By encoding genes for bioluminescence, biological processes can be visualized based on gene expression. This chapter also discusses the primary applications of bioluminescence as seen through bioluminescent imaging techniques, flow cytometry, and PCR-based methods of gene detection. These techniques are described in terms of researching gene expression, cancer therapy, and protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Hong Sum
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse St Jean
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Haein Huh
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Nafissi
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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20
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Rossnagl S, Ghura H, Groth C, Altrock E, Jakob F, Schott S, Wimberger P, Link T, Kuhlmann JD, Stenzl A, Hennenlotter J, Todenhöfer T, Rojewski M, Bieback K, Nakchbandi IA. A Subpopulation of Stromal Cells Controls Cancer Cell Homing to the Bone Marrow. Cancer Res 2017; 78:129-142. [PMID: 29066511 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancer cells home to the bone marrow, where they presumably hijack the hematopoietic stem cell niche. We characterize here the elusive premetastatic niche by examining the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in cancer cell homing. Decreasing the number of MSC pharmacologically enhanced cancer cell homing to the bone marrow in mice. In contrast, increasing the number of these MSCs by various interventions including G-CSF administration diminished cancer cell homing. The MSC subpopulation that correlated best with cancer cells expressed stem, endothelial, and pericytic cell markers, suggesting these cells represent an undifferentiated component of the niche with vascular commitment. In humans, a MSC subpopulation carrying markers for endothelial and pericytic cells was lower in the presence of cytokeratin+ cells in bone marrow. Taken together, our data show that a subpopulation of MSC with both endothelial and pericytic cell surface markers suppresses the homing of cancer cells to the bone marrow. Similar to the presence of cytokeratin+ cells in the bone marrow, this MSC subpopulation could prove useful in determining the risk of metastatic disease, and its manipulation might offer a new possibility for diminishing bone metastasis formation.Significance: These findings establish an inverse relationship between a subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells and cancer cells in the bone marrow. Cancer Res; 78(1); 129-42. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rossnagl
- Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiba Ghura
- Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Groth
- Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Altrock
- Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Link
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Inaam A Nakchbandi
- Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Ubellacker JM, Haider MT, DeCristo MJ, Allocca G, Brown NJ, Silver DP, Holen I, McAllister SS. Zoledronic acid alters hematopoiesis and generates breast tumor-suppressive bone marrow cells. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:23. [PMID: 28264701 PMCID: PMC5339994 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone-targeting agent zoledronic acid (ZOL) increases breast cancer survival in subsets of patients, but the underlying reasons for this protective effect are unknown. ZOL modulates the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which form hematopoietic stem cell niches, and therefore may affect hematopoietic cells that play a role in breast cancer progression. METHOD Immunocompetent and immunocompromised strains of mice commonly used for breast cancer research were injected with a single, clinically relevant dose of ZOL (100 μg/kg) or vehicle control. The effects of ZOL on the bone marrow microenvironment (bone volume, bone cell number/activity, extracellular matrix composition) were established at various time points following treatment, using micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, histomorphometry, ELISA and immunofluorescence. The effects on peripheral blood and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor populations were assessed using a HEMAVET® hematology analyzer and multicolor flow cytometry, respectively. Tumor support function of bone marrow cells was determined using an in vivo functional assay developed in our laboratory. RESULTS Using multiple mouse strains, we observed transient changes in numbers of hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid-biased progenitor cells, and lymphoid-biased cells concurrent with changes to hematopoietic stem cell niches following ZOL administration. Importantly, bone marrow cells from mice treated with a single, clinically relevant dose of ZOL inhibited breast tumor outgrowth in vivo. The ZOL-induced tumor suppressive function of the bone marrow persisted beyond the time point at which numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells had returned to baseline. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel evidence that alterations to the bone marrow play a role in the anti-tumor activity of ZOL and suggest possibilities for capitalizing on the beneficial effects of ZOL in reducing breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn M. Ubellacker
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | | | - Molly J. DeCristo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gloria Allocca
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nicola J. Brown
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel P. Silver
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sandra S. McAllister
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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22
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Schem C, Tower RJ, Kneissl P, Rambow AC, Campbell GM, Desel C, Damm T, Heilmann T, Fuchs S, Zuhayra M, Trauzold A, Glüer CC, Schott S, Tiwari S. Pharmacologically Inactive Bisphosphonates as an Alternative Strategy for Targeting Osteoclasts: In Vivo Assessment of 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine-Alendronate in a Preclinical Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastases. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:536-548. [PMID: 27714838 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have effects that are antiresorptive, antitumor, and antiapoptotic to osteoblasts and osteocytes, but an effective means of eliciting these multiple activities in the treatment of bone metastases has not been identified. Antimetabolite-bisphosphonate conjugates have potential for improved performance as a class of bone-specific antineoplastic drugs. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether an antimetabolite-bisphosphonate conjugate will preserve bone formation concomitant with antiresorptive and antitumor activity. 5-FdU-ale, a highly stable conjugate between the antimetabolite 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and the bisphosphonate alendronate, was tested for its therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of MDA-MB231 breast cancer bone metastases. In vitro testing revealed osteoclasts to be highly sensitive to 5-FdU-ale. In contrast, osteoblasts had significantly reduced sensitivity. Tumor cells were resistant in vitro but in vivo tumor burden was nevertheless significantly reduced compared with untreated mice. Sensitivity to 5-FdU-ale was not mediated through inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity, but cell cycle arrest was observed. Although serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels were greatly reduced by both drugs, there was no significant decrease in the serum bone formation marker osteocalcin with 5-FdU-ale treatment. In contrast, there was more than a fivefold decrease in serum osteocalcin levels with alendronate treatment (p < 0.001). This finding is supported by time-lapse micro-computed tomography analyses, which revealed bone formation volume to be on average 1.6-fold higher with 5-FdU-ale treatment compared with alendronate (p < 0.001). We conclude that 5-FdU-ale, which is a poor prenylation inhibitor but maintains potent antiresorptive activity, does not reduce bone formation and has cytostatic antitumor efficacy. These results document that conjugation of an antimetabolite with bisphosphonates offers flexibility in creating potent bone-targeting drugs with cytostatic, bone protection properties that show limited nephrotoxicity. This unique class of drugs may offer distinct advantages in the setting of targeted adjuvant therapy and chemoprevention of bone diseases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schem
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert J Tower
- Section of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, MOIN CC, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Kneissl
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna-Christina Rambow
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Graeme M Campbell
- Section of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, MOIN CC, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Desel
- Section of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, MOIN CC, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Damm
- Section of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, MOIN CC, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heilmann
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Section Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maaz Zuhayra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Section Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus C Glüer
- Section of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, MOIN CC, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Section of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, MOIN CC, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Fernandes RS, dos Santos Ferreira D, de Aguiar Ferreira C, Giammarile F, Rubello D, de Barros ALB. Development of imaging probes for bone cancer in animal models. A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1253-1264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Novikov O, Wang Z, Stanford EA, Parks AJ, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Landesman E, Laklouk I, Sarita-Reyes C, Gusenleitner D, Li A, Monti S, Manteiga S, Lee K, Sherr DH. An Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Amplification Loop That Enforces Cell Migration in ER-/PR-/Her2- Human Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:674-688. [PMID: 27573671 PMCID: PMC5074452 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays an important role in numerous biologic processes. As the known number of AHR-mediated processes grows, so too does the importance of determining what endogenous AHR ligands are produced, how their production is regulated, and what biologic consequences ensue. Consequently, our studies were designed primarily to determine whether ER−/PR−/Her2− breast cancer cells have the potential to produce endogenous AHR ligands and, if so, how production of these ligands is controlled. We postulated that: 1) malignant cells produce tryptophan-derived AHR ligand(s) through the kynurenine pathway; 2) these metabolites have the potential to drive AHR-dependent breast cancer migration; 3) the AHR controls expression of a rate-limiting kynurenine pathway enzyme(s) in a closed amplification loop; and 4) environmental AHR ligands mimic the effects of endogenous ligands. Data presented in this work indicate that primary human breast cancers, and their metastases, express high levels of AHR and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO); representative ER−/PR−/Her2− cell lines express TDO and produce sufficient intracellular kynurenine and xanthurenic acid concentrations to chronically activate the AHR. TDO overexpression, or excess kynurenine or xanthurenic acid, accelerates migration in an AHR-dependent fashion. Environmental AHR ligands 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo[p]dioxin and benzo[a]pyrene mimic this effect. AHR knockdown or inhibition significantly reduces TDO2 expression. These studies identify, for the first time, a positive amplification loop in which AHR-dependent TDO2 expression contributes to endogenous AHR ligand production. The net biologic effect of AHR activation by endogenous ligands, which can be mimicked by environmental ligands, is an increase in tumor cell migration, a measure of tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Novikov
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Elizabeth A Stanford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Ashley J Parks
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Esther Landesman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Israa Laklouk
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Carmen Sarita-Reyes
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Daniel Gusenleitner
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Stefano Monti
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Sara Manteiga
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
| | - David H Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., Z.W., E.A.S., A.J.P., A.R.-C., D.H.S.); Boston University Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston, Massachusetts (O.N., E.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.G., A.L., S.Mo.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (E.L., I.L., C.S.-R.); and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (S.Ma., K.L.)
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25
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Sonn KA, Kannan AS, Bellary SS, Yun C, Hashmi SZ, Nelson JT, Ghodasra JH, Nickoli MS, Parimi V, Ghosh A, Shawen N, Ashtekar A, Stock SR, Hsu EL, Hsu WK. Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on a novel lung cancer spine metastasis model in rodents. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1274-81. [PMID: 26694749 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer. Spinal metastases are found in 30-90% of patients with death attributed to cancer. Due to bony destruction caused by metastases, surgical intervention is often required to restore spinal alignment and stability. While some research suggests that BMP-2 may possess tumorigenic effects, other studies show possible inhibition of cancer growth. Thirty-six athymic rats underwent intraosseous injection of lung adenocarcinoma cells into the L5 vertebral body. Cells were pre-treated with vehicle control (Group A) or rhBMP-2 (Group B) prior to implantation. At 4 weeks post-implantation, in vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) was performed to confirm presence of tumor and quantify signal. Plain radiographs and microComputed Tomography (microCT) were employed to establish and quantitate osteolysis. Histological analysis characterized pathologic changes in the vertebral body. At 4 weeks post-implantation, BLI showed focal signal in the L5 vertebral body in 93% of Group A animals and 89% of Group B animals. Average tumor burden by BLI radiance was 7.43 × 10(3) p/s/cm(2) /sr (Group A) and 1.11 × 10(4) p/s/cm(2) /sr (Group B). Radiographs and microCT demonstrated osteolysis in 100% of animals showing focal BLI signal. MicroCT demonstrated significant bone loss in both groups compared to age-matched controls but no difference between study groups. Histological analysis confirmed tumor invasion in the L5 vertebral body. These findings provide a reliable in vivo model to study isolated spinal metastases from lung cancer. Statement of Clinical Significance: The data support the notion that exposure to rhBMP-2 does not promote the growth of A549 lung cancer spine lesions. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1274-1281, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Sonn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abhishek S Kannan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sharath S Bellary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sohaib Z Hashmi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John T Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason H Ghodasra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael S Nickoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vamsi Parimi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anjan Ghosh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicholas Shawen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amruta Ashtekar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stuart R Stock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin L Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Murine models of breast cancer bone metastasis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:804. [PMID: 27867497 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality in late-stage breast cancer patients and are currently considered incurable. Investigators rely on translational models to better understand the pathogenesis of skeletal complications of malignancy in order to identify therapeutic targets that may ultimately prevent and treat solid tumor metastasis to bone. Many experimental models of breast cancer bone metastases are in use today, each with its own caveats. In this methods review, we characterize the bone phenotype of commonly utilized human- and murine-derived breast cell lines that elicit osteoblastic and/or osteolytic destruction of bone in mice and report methods for optimizing tumor-take in murine models of bone metastasis. We then provide protocols for four of the most common xenograft and syngeneic inoculation routes for modeling breast cancer metastasis to the skeleton in mice, including the intra-cardiac, intra-arterial, orthotopic and intra-tibial methods of tumor cell injection. Recommendations for in vivo and ex vivo assessment of tumor progression and bone destruction are provided, followed by discussion of the strengths and limitations of the available tools and translational models that aid investigators in the study of breast cancer metastasis to bone.
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27
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Smad6 determines BMP-regulated invasive behaviour of breast cancer cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24968. [PMID: 27113436 PMCID: PMC4844967 DOI: 10.1038/srep24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family is known to play critical roles in cancer progression. While the dual role of TGF-β is well described, the function of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is unclear. In this study, we established the involvement of Smad6, a BMP-specific inhibitory Smad, in breast cancer cell invasion. We show that stable overexpression of Smad6 in breast cancer MCF10A M2 cells inhibits BMP signalling, thereby mitigating BMP6-induced suppression of mesenchymal marker expression. Using a zebrafish xenograft model, we demonstrate that overexpression of Smad6 potentiates invasion of MCF10A M2 cells and enhances the aggressiveness of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo, whereas a reversed phenotype is observed after Smad6 knockdown. Interestingly, BMP6 pre-treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells induced cluster formation at the invasive site in the zebrafish. BMP6 also stimulated cluster formation of MDA-MB-231 cells co-cultured on Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMEC)-1 in vitro. Electron microscopy illustrated an induction of cell-cell contact by BMP6. The clinical relevance of our findings is highlighted by a correlation of high Smad6 expression with poor distant metastasis free survival in ER-negative cancer patients. Collectively, our data strongly indicates the involvement of Smad6 and BMP signalling in breast cancer cell invasion in vivo.
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28
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Fritsche H, Heilmann T, Tower RJ, Hauser C, von Au A, El-Sheikh D, Campbell GM, Alp G, Schewe D, Hübner S, Tiwari S, Kownatzki D, Boretius S, Adam D, Jonat W, Becker T, Glüer CC, Zöller M, Kalthoff H, Schem C, Trauzold A. TRAIL-R2 promotes skeletal metastasis in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9502-16. [PMID: 25909161 PMCID: PMC4496234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in detection, surgical approaches and systemic therapies, breast cancer remains typically incurable once distant metastases occur. High expression of TRAIL-R2 was found to be associated with poor prognostic parameters in breast cancer patients, suggesting an oncogenic function of this receptor. In the present study, we aimed to determine the impact of TRAIL-R2 on breast cancer metastasis. Using an osteotropic variant of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we examine the effects of TRAIL-R2 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, in addition to the reduced levels of the proliferation-promoting factor HMGA2 and corresponding inhibition of cell proliferation, knockdown of TRAIL-R2 increased the levels of E-Cadherin and decreased migration. In vivo, these cells were strongly impaired in their ability to form bone metastases after intracardiac injection. Evaluating possible underlying mechanisms revealed a strong downregulation of CXCR4, the receptor for the chemokine SDF-1 important for homing of cancers cells to the bone. In accordance, cell migration towards SDF-1 was significantly impaired by TRAIL-R2 knockdown. Conversely, overexpression of TRAIL-R2 upregulated CXCR4 levels and enhanced SDF-1-directed migration. We therefore postulate that inhibition of TRAIL-R2 expression could represent a promising therapeutic strategy leading to an effective impairment of breast cancer cell capability to form skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Fritsche
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heilmann
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert J Tower
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja von Au
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doaa El-Sheikh
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Graeme M Campbell
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Göhkan Alp
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis Schewe
- Department of General Pediatrics, ALL-BFM Study Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hübner
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Kownatzki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Jonat
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus C Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schem
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Tulotta C, Stefanescu C, Beletkaia E, Bussmann J, Tarbashevich K, Schmidt T, Snaar-Jagalska BE. Inhibition of signaling between human CXCR4 and zebrafish ligands by the small molecule IT1t impairs the formation of triple-negative breast cancer early metastases in a zebrafish xenograft model. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:141-53. [PMID: 26744352 PMCID: PMC4770151 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and recurrent type of breast carcinoma that is associated with poor patient prognosis. Because of the limited efficacy of current treatments, new therapeutic strategies need to be developed. The CXCR4-CXCL12 chemokine signaling axis guides cell migration in physiological and pathological processes, including breast cancer metastasis. Although targeted therapies to inhibit the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis are under clinical experimentation, still no effective therapeutic approaches have been established to block CXCR4 in TNBC. To unravel the role of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis in the formation of TNBC early metastases, we used the zebrafish xenograft model. Importantly, we demonstrate that cross-communication between the zebrafish and human ligands and receptors takes place and human tumor cells expressing CXCR4 initiate early metastatic events by sensing zebrafish cognate ligands at the metastatic site. Taking advantage of the conserved intercommunication between human tumor cells and the zebrafish host, we blocked TNBC early metastatic events by chemical and genetic inhibition of CXCR4 signaling. We used IT1t, a potent CXCR4 antagonist, and show for the first time its promising anti-tumor effects. In conclusion, we confirm the validity of the zebrafish as a xenotransplantation model and propose a pharmacological approach to target CXCR4 in TNBC. Summary: CXCR4-expressing human tumor cells respond to zebrafish cognate ligands and initiate metastatic events in a zebrafish xenograft model. The CXCR4 antagonist IT1t has promising tumor inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tulotta
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Stefanescu
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Beletkaia
- Physics of Life Processes, Kamerligh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden 2333 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Kamerligh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden 2333 CA, The Netherlands
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Tulotta C, He S, Chen L, Groenewoud A, van der Ent W, Meijer AH, Spaink HP, Snaar-Jagalska BE. Imaging of Human Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Micrometastasis in a Zebrafish Xenogeneic Engraftment Model. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1451:155-69. [PMID: 27464807 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3771-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The xenograft model, using the early life stages of the zebrafish, allows imaging of tumor cell behavior both on a single cell and whole organism level, over time, within a week. This robust and reproducible assay can be used as an intermediate step between in vitro techniques and the expensive, and time consuming, murine models of cancer invasion and metastasis.In this chapter, a detailed protocol to inject human cancer cells into the blood circulation of a zebrafish embryo is described; the engraftment procedure is then followed by visualization and quantification methods of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and micrometastasis formation during subsequent larval development. Interaction with the host microenvironment is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tulotta
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shuning He
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lanpeng Chen
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arwin Groenewoud
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske van der Ent
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Wang N, Reeves KJ, Brown HK, Fowles ACM, Docherty FE, Ottewell PD, Croucher PI, Holen I, Eaton CL. The frequency of osteolytic bone metastasis is determined by conditions of the soil, not the number of seeds; evidence from in vivo models of breast and prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:124. [PMID: 26480944 PMCID: PMC4615337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that the frequency of growing skeletal metastases is elevated in individuals with higher bone turnover, it is unclear whether this is a result of increased numbers of tumour cells arriving in active sites or of higher numbers of tumour cells being induced to divide by the bone micro-environment. Here we have investigated how the differences in bone turnover affect seeding of tumour cells and/or development of overt osteolytic bone metastasis using in vivo models of hormone-independent breast and prostate cancer. METHODS Cohorts of 6 (young) and 16 (mature)-week old BALB/c nude mice were culled 1, 7 and 21 days after received intracardiac injection of luciferase expressing human prostate (PC3) or breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines labelled with a fluorescent cell membrane dye (Vybrant DiD). The presence of growing bone metastases was determined by bioluminescence using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and followed by anatomical confirmation of tumour metastatic sites post mortem, while the presence of individual fluorescently labelled tumour cells was evaluated using two-photon microscopy ex vivo. The bone remodelling activities were compared between young and mature naïve mice (both male and female) using micro-CT analysis, ELISA and bone histomorphometry. RESULTS Both prostate and breast cancer cells generated higher numbers of overt skeletal lesions in young mice (~80%) than in mature mice (~20%). Although mature mice presented with fewer overt bone metastases, the number of tumour cells arriving/colonizing in the tibias was comparable between young and mature animals. Young naïve mice had lower bone volume but higher bone formation and resorption activities compared to mature animals. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that higher frequencies of growing osteolytic skeletal metastases in these models are linked to increased bone turnover and not to the initial number of tumour cells entering the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Kimberley J Reeves
- Break Through Breast Cancer Research Unit, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Hannah K Brown
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Anne C M Fowles
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Freyja E Docherty
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Penelope D Ottewell
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Colby L Eaton
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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32
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Horas K, Zheng Y, Zhou H, Seibel MJ. Animal Models for Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone: Opportunities and Limitations. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:459-68. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1065500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Roman BI, De Ryck T, Patronov A, Slavov SH, Vanhoecke BW, Katritzky AR, Bracke ME, Stevens CV. 4-Fluoro-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcone as a new anti-invasive agent. From discovery to initial validation in an in vivo metastasis model. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Simmons JK, Hildreth BE, Supsavhad W, Elshafae SM, Hassan BB, Dirksen WP, Toribio RE, Rosol TJ. Animal Models of Bone Metastasis. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:827-41. [PMID: 26021553 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815586223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis in humans and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Bone metastases are considered incurable and result in pain, pathologic fracture, and decreased quality of life. Animal models of skeletal metastases are essential to improve the understanding of the molecular pathways of cancer metastasis and growth in bone and to develop new therapies to inhibit and prevent bone metastases. The ideal animal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible, and representative of human disease. Currently, an ideal model does not exist; however, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the available models will lead to proper study design and successful cancer research. This review provides an overview of the current in vivo animal models used in the study of skeletal metastases or local tumor invasion into bone and focuses on mammary and prostate cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and miscellaneous tumors that metastasize to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Simmons
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B E Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B B Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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35
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Kim W, Kang BR, Kim HY, Cho SM, Lee YD, Kim S, Kim JY, Kim DJ, Kim Y. Real-time imaging of glioblastoma using bioluminescence in a U-87 MG xenograft model mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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36
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Reeves KJ, Hurrell JE, Cecchini M, van der Pluijm G, Down JM, Eaton CL, Hamdy F, Clement-Lacroix P, Brown NJ. Prostate cancer cells home to bone using a novelin vivomodel: Modulation by the integrin antagonist GLPG0187. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1731-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J. Reeves
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Jack E. Hurrell
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology; University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35; CH-3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology; Leiden University Medical Center; J3-100, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jenny M. Down
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Colby L. Eaton
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Freddie Hamdy
- Urology & Oncology, Nuffield Department of Surgery; John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola J. Brown
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
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37
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Corson TW, Samuels BC, Wenzel AA, Geary AJ, Riley AA, McCarthy BP, Hanenberg H, Bailey BJ, Rogers PI, Pollok KE, Rajashekhar G, Territo PR. Multimodality imaging methods for assessing retinoblastoma orthotopic xenograft growth and development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99036. [PMID: 24901248 PMCID: PMC4047070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies of the pediatric ocular tumor retinoblastoma are paving the way for development of targeted therapies. Robust model systems such as orthotopic xenografts are necessary for testing such therapeutics. One system involves bioluminescence imaging of luciferase-expressing human retinoblastoma cells injected into the vitreous of newborn rat eyes. Although used for several drug studies, the spatial and temporal development of tumors in this model has not been documented. Here, we present a new model to allow analysis of average luciferin flux ([Formula: see text]) through the tumor, a more biologically relevant parameter than peak bioluminescence as traditionally measured. Moreover, we monitored the spatial development of xenografts in the living eye. We engineered Y79 retinoblastoma cells to express a lentivirally-delivered enhanced green fluorescent protein-luciferase fusion protein. In intravitreal xenografts, we assayed bioluminescence and computed [Formula: see text], as well as documented tumor growth by intraocular optical coherence tomography (OCT), brightfield, and fluorescence imaging. In vivo bioluminescence, ex vivo tumor size, and ex vivo fluorescent signal were all highly correlated in orthotopic xenografts. By OCT, xenografts were dense and highly vascularized, with well-defined edges. Small tumors preferentially sat atop the optic nerve head; this morphology was confirmed on histological examination. In vivo, [Formula: see text] in xenografts showed a plateau effect as tumors became bounded by the dimensions of the eye. The combination of [Formula: see text] modeling and in vivo intraocular imaging allows both quantitative and high-resolution, non-invasive spatial analysis of this retinoblastoma model. This technique will be applied to other cell lines and experimental therapeutic trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W. Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Samuels
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Andrea A. Wenzel
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Anna J. Geary
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Eastern University, St. Davids, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amanda A. Riley
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brian P. McCarthy
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Bailey
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Pamela I. Rogers
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Gangaraju Rajashekhar
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Territo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Rossnagl S, von Au A, Vasel M, Cecchini AG, Nakchbandi IA. Blood clot formation does not affect metastasis formation or tumor growth in a murine model of breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94922. [PMID: 24740307 PMCID: PMC3989235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with increased fracture risk, due either to metastasis or associated osteoporosis. After a fracture, blood clots form. Because proteins of the coagulation cascade and activated platelets promote cancer development, a fracture in patients with cancer often raises the question whether it is a pathologic fracture or whether the fracture itself might promote the formation of metastatic lesions. We therefore examined whether blood clot formation results in increased metastasis in a murine model of experimental breast cancer metastasis. For this purpose, a clot was surgically induced in the bone marrow of the left tibia of immundeficient mice. Either one minute prior to or five minutes after clot induction, human cancer cells were introduced in the circulation by intracardiac injection. The number of cancer cells that homed to the intervention site was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Metastasis formation and longitudinal growth were evaluated by bioluminescence imaging. The number of cancer cells that homed to the intervention site after 24 hours was similar to the number of cells in the opposite tibia that did not undergo clot induction. This effect was confirmed using two more cancer cell lines. Furthermore, no difference in the number of macroscopic lesions or their growth could be detected. In the control group 72% developed a lesion in the left tibia. In the experimental groups with clot formation 79% and 65% developed lesions in the left tibia (p = ns when comparing each experimental group with the controls). Survival was similar too. In summary, the growth factors accumulating in a clot/hematoma are neither enough to promote cancer cell homing nor support growth in an experimental model of breast cancer bone metastasis. This suggests that blood clot formation, as occurs in traumatic fractures, surgical interventions, and bruises, does not increase the risk of metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rossnagl
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja von Au
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthaeus Vasel
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Inaam A. Nakchbandi
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Jeffery JJ, Lux K, Vogel JS, Herrera WD, Greco S, Woo HH, AbuShahin N, Pagel MD, Chambers SK. Autocrine inhibition of the c-fms proto-oncogene reduces breast cancer bone metastasis assessed with in vivo dual-modality imaging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:404-13. [PMID: 24599884 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214522588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells preferentially home to the bone microenvironment, which provides a unique niche with a network of multiple bidirectional communications between host and tumor, promoting survival and growth of bone metastases. In the bone microenvironment, the c-fms proto-oncogene that encodes for the CSF-1 receptor, along with CSF-1, serves as one critical cytokine/receptor pair, functioning in paracrine and autocrine fashion. Previous studies concentrated on the effect of inhibition of host (mouse) c-fms on bone metastasis, with resulting decrease in osteolysis and bone metastases as a paracrine effect. In this report, we assessed the role of c-fms inhibition within the tumor cells (autocrine effect) in the early establishment of breast cancer cells in bone and the effects of this early c-fms inhibition on subsequent bone metastases and destruction. This study exploited a multidisciplinary approach by employing two non-invasive, in vivo imaging methods to assess the progression of bone metastases and bone destruction, in addition to ex vivo analyses using RT-PCR and histopathology. Using a mouse model of bone homing human breast cancer cells, we showed that an early one-time application of anti-human c-fms antibody delayed growth of bone metastases and bone destruction for at least 31 days as quantitatively measured by bioluminescence imaging and computed tomography, compared to controls. Thus, neutralizing human c-fms in the breast cancer cell alone decreases extent of subsequent bone metastasis formation and osteolysis. Furthermore, we are the first to show that anti-c-fms antibodies can impact early establishment of breast cancer cells in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Jeffery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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40
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Circulating fibronectin controls tumor growth. Neoplasia 2014; 15:925-38. [PMID: 23908593 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is ubiquitously expressed in the extracellular matrix, and experimental evidence has shown that it modulates blood vessel formation. The relative contribution of local and circulating fibronectin to blood vessel formation in vivo remains unknown despite evidence for unexpected roles of circulating fibronectin in various diseases. Using transgenic mouse models, we established that circulating fibronectin facilitates the growth of bone metastases by enhancing blood vessel formation and maturation. This effect is more relevant than that of fibronectin produced by endothelial cells and pericytes, which only exert a small additive effect on vessel maturation. Circulating fibronectin enhances its local production in tumors through a positive feedback loop and increases the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) retained in the matrix. Both fibronectin and VEGF then cooperate to stimulate blood vessel formation. Fibronectin content in the tumor correlates with the number of blood vessels and tumor growth in the mouse models. Consistent with these results, examination of three separate arrays from patients with breast and prostate cancers revealed that a high staining intensity for fibronectin in tumors is associated with increased mortality. These results establish that circulating fibronectin modulates blood vessel formation and tumor growth by modifying the amount of and the response to VEGF. Furthermore, determination of the fibronectin content can serve as a prognostic biomarker for breast and prostate cancers and possibly other cancers.
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41
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Vermeulen JF, van Brussel ASA, Adams A, Mali WPTM, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Derksen PWB. Near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging of ductal carcinoma in situ with CD44v6-specific antibodies in mice: a preclinical study. Mol Imaging Biol 2014. [PMID: 23184608 PMCID: PMC3647080 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a molecular imaging technique using tracers specific for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to improve visualization and localization of DCIS during surgery. As CD44v6 is frequently expressed in DCIS, we used near-infrared fluorescently labeled CD44v6-targeting antibodies for detection of DCIS. Procedure Mice bearing orthotopically transplanted CD44v6-positive MCF10DCIS DCIS-like tumors and CD44v6-negative MDA-MB-231 control tumors were intravenously injected with IRDye800CW conjugated to CD44v6-specific antibodies or control IgGs. Noninvasive imaging was performed for 8 days postinjection, followed by intraoperative imaging. Antibody accumulation and intratumor distribution were examined. Results Maximum accumulation of CD44v6-specific antibodies was obtained 24 h postinjection. Maximum tumor-to-background ratio for MCF10DCIS tumors was 4.5 ± 0.2, compared to 1.4 ± 0.1 (control tumors, p = 0.006), and 1.7 ± 0.1 (control IgG, p = 0.014), for 8 days postinjection. Ex vivo, tumor-to-background ratios were comparable to those obtained by intraoperative imaging. Conclusions We show the applicability of noninvasive and intraoperative optical imaging of DCIS-like lesions in vivo using CD44v6-specific antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Fluorescence
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Intraoperative Care
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/diagnosis
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/surgery
- Mice
- Molecular Imaging/methods
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen F. Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aram S. A. van Brussel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Adams
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem P. Th. M. Mali
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W. B. Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zeng C, Yang Q, Zhu M, Du L, Zhang J, Ma X, Xu B, Wang L. Silk fibroin porous scaffolds for nucleus pulposus tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:232-40. [PMID: 24582244 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral discs (IVDs) are structurally complex tissue that hold the vertebrae together and provide mobility to spine. The nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration often results in degenerative IVD disease that is one of the most common causes of back and neck pain. Tissue engineered nucleus pulposus offers an alternative approach to regain the function of the degenerative IVD. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of porous silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds fabricated by paraffin-sphere-leaching methods with freeze-drying in the application of nucleus pulposus regeneration. The prepared scaffold possessed high porosity of 92.38±5.12% and pore size of 165.00±8.25μm as well as high pore interconnectivity and appropriate mechanical properties. Rabbit NP cells were seeded and cultured on the SF scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy, histology, biochemical assays and mechanical tests revealed that the porous scaffolds could provide an appropriate microstructure and environment to support adhesion, proliferation and infiltration of NP cells in vitro as well as the generation of extracellular matrix. The NP cell-scaffold construction could be preliminarily formed after subcutaneously implanted in a nude mice model. In conclusion, The SF porous scaffold offers a potential candidate for tissue engineered NP tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, PR China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, PR China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lilong Du
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, PR China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, PR China.
| | - Lianyong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Hibberd C, Cossigny DAF, Quan GMY. Animal cancer models of skeletal metastasis. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2013; 6:23-34. [PMID: 24665205 PMCID: PMC3941154 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The bony skeleton is one of the most common sites of metastatic spread of cancer and is a significant source of morbidity in cancer patients, causing pain and pathologic fracture, impaired ambulatory ability, and poorer quality of life. Animal cancer models of skeletal metastases are essential for better understanding of the molecular pathways behind metastatic spread and local growth and invasion of bone, to enable analysis of host-tumor cell interactions, identify barriers to the metastatic process, and to provide platforms to develop and test novel therapies prior to clinical application in human patients. Thus, the ideal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible and representative of the human condition. This review summarizes the current in vivo animal models used in the study of cancer metastases of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hibberd
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia. ; Department of Spinal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Davina A F Cossigny
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Gerald M Y Quan
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia. ; Department of Spinal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia
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Ivanova IA, Vermeulen JF, Ercan C, Houthuijzen JM, Saig FA, Vlug EJ, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Vooijs M, Derksen PWB. FER kinase promotes breast cancer metastasis by regulating α6- and β1-integrin-dependent cell adhesion and anoikis resistance. Oncogene 2013; 32:5582-92. [PMID: 23873028 PMCID: PMC3898493 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer cannot be treated successfully. Currently, the targeted therapies for metastatic disease are limited to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and hormone receptor antagonists. Understanding the mechanisms of breast cancer growth and metastasis is therefore crucial for the development of new intervention strategies. Here, we show that FER kinase (FER) controls migration and metastasis of invasive human breast cancer cell lines by regulating α6- and β1-integrin-dependent adhesion. Conversely, the overexpression of FER in non-metastatic breast cancer cells induces pro-invasive features. FER drives anoikis resistance, regulates tumour growth and is necessary for metastasis in a mouse model of human breast cancer. In human invasive breast cancer, high FER expression is an independent prognostic factor that correlates with high-grade basal/triple-negative tumours and worse overall survival, especially in lymph node-negative patients. These findings establish FER as a promising target for the prevention and inhibition of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J F Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ercan
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J M Houthuijzen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F A Saig
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E J Vlug
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E van der Wall
- 1] Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Vooijs
- 1] Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zou M, Jiao J, Zou Q, Xu Y, Cheng M, Xu J, Zhang Y. Multiple metastases in a novel LNCaP model of human prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:615-22. [PMID: 23446457 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a frequent and lethal consequence of prostate cancer. Current treatments for metastasis are palliative only. Thus, experimental animal models of metastatic prostate cancer are required for investigations of its pathogenesis and for the development of treatment strategies; however, few models exist at present. In the present study, the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line was co-transfected with a PGK-luciferase-GFP lentivirual vector (LNCaP-luc). Repeated subcutaneous injections of LNCaP-luc cells with Matrigel in nude mice followed by isolation of the cells from tumors resulted in the generation of the LNCaP1-luc cell line. We used CCK-8 and Transwell migration assays, western blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction to detect differences in the characteristics between the LNCaP-luc and LNCaP1-luc cells, and used LNCaP cells to generate a mouse model of metastatic prostate cancer by intracardiac injection. Metastasis was evaluated by bioluminescence imaging, and histological and immunohistochemical staining. the characteristics of the LNCaP1-luc cells differed from those of LNCaP cells, and LNCaP1-luc cells showed increased cell proliferation, cell invasion, tumorigenicity and metastasis potential, and underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, the LNCaP1-luc cells induced multiple metastases in mice when injected into the left cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
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Riahi-Madvar A, Hosseinkhani S, Rezaee F. Implication of Arg213 and Arg337 on the kinetic and structural stability of firefly luciferase. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Baiker M, Snoeks TJA, Kaijzel EL, Que I, Dijkstra J, Lelieveldt BPF, Löwik CWGM. Automated bone volume and thickness measurements in small animal whole-body MicroCT data. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:420-30. [PMID: 21993834 PMCID: PMC3399070 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Quantification of osteolysis is crucial for monitoring treatment effects in preclinical research and should be based on MicroCT data rather than conventional 2D radiographs to obtain optimal accuracy. However, data assessment is greatly complicated in the case of 3D data. This paper presents an automated method to follow osteolytic lesions quantitatively and visually over time in whole-body MicroCT data of mice. Procedures This novel approach is based on a previously published approach to coarsely locate user-defined structures of interest in the data and present them in a standardized manner (Baiker et al., Med Image Anal 14:723–737, 2010; Kok et al., IEEE Trand Vis Comput Graph 16:1396–1404, 2010). Here, we extend this framework by presenting a highly accurate way to automatically measure the volumes of individual bones and demonstrate the technique by following the effect of osteolysis in the tibia of a mouse over time. Besides presenting quantitative results, we also give a visualization of the measured volume to be able to investigate the performance of the method qualitatively. In addition, we describe an approach to measure and visualize cortical bone thickness, which allows assessing local effects of osteolysis and bone remodeling. The presented techniques are fully automated and therefore allow obtaining objective results, which are independent of human observer performance variations. In addition, the time typically required to analyze whole-body data is greatly reduced. Results Evaluation of the approaches was performed using MicroCT follow-up datasets of 15 mice (n = 15), with induced bone metastases in the right tibia. All animals were scanned three times: at baseline, after 3 and 7 weeks. For each dataset, our method was used to locate the tibia and measure the bone volume. To assess the performance of the automated method, bone volume measurements were also done by two human experts. A quantitative comparison of the results of the automated method with the human observers showed that there is a high correlation between the observers (r = 0.9996), between the first observer and the presented method (r = 0.9939), and also between the second observer and the presented method (r = 0.9937). In addition, Bland–Altman plots revealed excellent agreement between the observers and the automated method (interobserver bone volume variability, 0.59 ± 0.64%; Obs1 vs. Auto, 0.26 ± 2.53% and Obs2 vs. Auto, −0.33 ± 2.61%). Statistical analysis yielded no significant difference (p = .10) between the manual and the automated bone measurements and thus the method yields optimum results. This could also be confirmed visually, based on the graphical representations of the bone volumes. The performance of the bone thickness measurements was assessed qualitatively. Conclusions We come to the conclusion that the presented method allows to measure and visualize local bone volume and thickness in longitudinal data in an accurate and robust manner, proving that the automated tool is a fast and user friendly alternative to manual analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baiker
- Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Argyros O, Wong SP, Gowers K, Harbottle RP. Genetic modification of cancer cells using non-viral, episomal S/MAR vectors for in vivo tumour modelling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47920. [PMID: 23110132 PMCID: PMC3482240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of genetically marked animal tumour xenografts is an area of ongoing research to enable easier and more reliable testing of cancer therapies. Genetically marked tumour models have a number of advantages over conventional tumour models, including the easy longitudinal monitoring of therapies and the reduced number of animals needed for trials. Several different methods have been used in previous studies to mark tumours genetically, however all have limitations, such as genotoxicity and other artifacts related to the usage of integrating viral vectors. Recently, we have generated an episomally maintained plasmid DNA (pDNA) expression system based on Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Region (S/MAR), which permits long-term luciferase transgene expression in the mouse liver. Here we describe a further usage of this pDNA vector with the human Ubiquitin C promoter to create stably transfected human hepatoma (Huh7) and human Pancreatic Carcinoma (MIA-PaCa2) cell lines, which were delivered into “immune deficient” mice and monitored longitudinally over time using a bioluminometer. Both cell lines revealed sustained episomal long-term luciferase expression and formation of a tumour showing the pathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic carcinoma (PaCa), respectively. This is the first demonstration that a pDNA vector can confer sustained episomal luciferase transgene expression in various mouse tumour models and can thus be readily utilised to follow tumour formation without interfering with the cellular genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Argyros
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suet Ping Wong
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Gowers
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Paul Harbottle
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Jiang ZK, Sato M, Wu L. Chapter five--The development of transcription-regulated adenoviral vectors with high cancer-selective imaging capabilities. Adv Cancer Res 2012; 115:115-46. [PMID: 23021244 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398342-8.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A clear benefit of molecular imaging is to enable noninvasive, repetitive monitoring of intrinsic signals within tumor cells as a means to identify the lesions as malignant or to assess the ability of treatment to perturb key pathways within the tumor cells. Due to the promising utility of molecular imaging in oncology, preclinical research to refine molecular imaging techniques in small animals is a blossoming field. We will first discuss the several imaging modalities such as fluorescent imaging, bioluminescence imaging, and positron emission tomography that are now commonly used in small animal settings. The indirect imaging approach, which can be adapted to a wide range of imaging reporter genes, is a useful platform to develop molecular imaging. In particular, reporter gene-based imaging is well suited for transcriptional-targeted imaging that can be delivered by recombinant adenoviral vectors. In this review, we will summarize transcription-regulated strategies used in adenoviral-mediated molecular imaging to visualize metastasis and monitor oncolytic therapy in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Karen Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
The vertebral column is the commonest site for skeletal metastases, with breast, prostate and lung cancers being the most common primary sources. The spine has structural and neural-protective properties thus involvement by metastatic cancer often causes bony instability and fracture, intractable pain and neurological deficit. In vivo animal models which resemble the human condition are essential in order to improve understanding of the pathophysiology behind the spread of metastatic cancer to the spine and its subsequent local growth and invasion, to enable in-depth analysis of the interaction between host and tumour cells and the molecular processes behind local cancer invasion and barriers to invasion as well as to allow assessment of novel treatment modalities for spinal metastases. This review summarizes the current status of the animal models specifically used for the study of spinal metastasis, their relevance, advantages and limitations, and important considerations for the development of future in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Cossigny
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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