1
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Xia N, Gao F, Zhang J, Wang J, Huang Y. Overview on the Development of Electrochemical Immunosensors by the Signal Amplification of Enzyme- or Nanozyme-Based Catalysis Plus Redox Cycling. Molecules 2024; 29:2796. [PMID: 38930860 PMCID: PMC11206384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked electrochemical immunosensors have attracted considerable attention for the sensitive and selective detection of various targets in clinical diagnosis, food quality control, and environmental analysis. In order to improve the performances of conventional immunoassays, significant efforts have been made to couple enzyme-linked or nanozyme-based catalysis and redox cycling for signal amplification. The current review summarizes the recent advances in the development of enzyme- or nanozyme-based electrochemical immunosensors with redox cycling for signal amplification. The special features of redox cycling reactions and their synergistic functions in signal amplification are discussed. Additionally, the current challenges and future directions of enzyme- or nanozyme-based electrochemical immunosensors with redox cycling are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fengli Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yaliang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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2
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Xiao Q, Mu P, Ning G, Zhang W, Li B, Huang S. A ratiometric fluorescent probe for simultaneous detection of L-ascorbic acid and alkaline phosphatase activity based on red carbon dots/polydopamine nanocomposite. Talanta 2023; 264:124724. [PMID: 37271005 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, efficient red carbon dots (R-CDs) were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal treatment of N-(4-amino phenyl) acetamide and (2,3-difluoro phenyl) boronic acid. The optimal emission peak of R-CDs was at 602 nm (under 520 nm excitation) and the absolute fluorescence quantum yield of R-CDs was 12.9%. Polydopamine, which was formed by the self-polymerization and cyclization of dopamine in alkaline condition, emitted characteristic fluorescence with peak position of 517 nm (under 420 nm excitation) and affected the fluorescence intensity of R-CDs through inner filter effect. L-Ascorbic acid (AA), which was the hydrolysis product of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate trisodium salt under the catalytic reaction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), effectively prevented the polymerization of dopamine. Combined with the ALP-mediated AA production and the AA-mediated polydopamine generation, the ratiometric fluorescence signal of polydopamine with R-CDs was correlated closely with the concentration of both AA and ALP. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits of AA and ALP were 0.28 μM during linear range of 0.5-30 μM and 0.044 U/L with linear range of 0.05-8 U/L, respectively. This ratiometric fluorescence detection platform can efficiently shield the background interference of sophisticated samples by introducing a self-calibration as reference signal in a multi-excitation mode, which can detect AA and ALP in human serum samples with satisfactory results. Such R-CDs/polydopamine nanocomposite provides a steadfast quantitative information and makes R-CDs be excellent candidate for biosensors via combining target recognition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Pingping Mu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Gan Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China.
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3
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Wu X, Kang R, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang T. Electrochemical Immune-Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on Gold Nanoparticle/Ti3C2Tx MXenes as the Sensing Platform by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2007941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Institute, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Trashin S, Morales-Yánez F, Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Paredis L, Carrión EN, Sariego I, Muyldermans S, Polman K, Gorun SM, De Wael K. Nanobody-Based Immunosensor Detection Enhanced by Photocatalytic-Electrochemical Redox Cycling. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13606-13614. [PMID: 34585567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detection of antigenic biomarkers present in trace amounts is of crucial importance for medical diagnosis. A parasitic disease, human toxocariasis, lacks an adequate diagnostic method despite its worldwide occurrence. The currently used serology tests may stay positive even years after a possibly unnoticed infection, whereas the direct detection of a re-infection or a still active infection remains a diagnostic challenge due to the low concentration of circulating parasitic antigens. We report a time-efficient sandwich immunosensor using small recombinant single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies specific to Toxocara canis antigens. An enhanced sensitivity to pg/mL levels is achieved by using a redox cycle consisting of a photocatalytic oxidation and electrochemical reduction steps. The photocatalytic oxidation is achieved by a photosensitizer generating singlet oxygen (1O2) that, in turn, readily reacts with p-nitrophenol enzymatically produced under alkaline conditions. The photooxidation produces benzoquinone that is electrochemically reduced to hydroquinone, generating an amperometric response. The light-driven process could be easily separated from the background, thus making amperometric detection more reliable. The proposed method for detection of the toxocariasis antigen marker shows superior performances compared to other detection schemes with the same nanobodies and outperforms by at least two orders of magnitude the assays based on regular antibodies, thus suggesting new opportunities for electrochemical immunoassays of challenging low levels of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Morales-Yánez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Linda Paredis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik N Carrión
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Idalia Sariego
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, 17100 Havana, Cuba
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katja Polman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergiu M Gorun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
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5
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Song S, Kim YJ, Kang HL, Yoon S, Hong DK, Kim WH, Shin IS, Seong WK, Lee KN. Sensitivity Improvement in Electrochemical Immunoassays Using Antibody Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles with a Clean ITO Working Electrode. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Ye K, Wang L, Song H, Li X, Niu X. Bifunctional MIL-53(Fe) with pyrophosphate-mediated peroxidase-like activity and oxidation-stimulated fluorescence switching for alkaline phosphatase detection. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:4794-4800. [PMID: 31389965 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00951e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is extensively used as a clinical biomarker because of its close relevance with a variety of diseases. Thus, exploring reliable and practical methods for ALP analysis is of great significance. In the present work, we explored MIL-53(Fe) as a bifunctional platform with pyrophosphate (PPi)-mediated peroxidase-like activity and oxidation-stimulated fluorescence switching for ALP sensing. The proposed MIL-53(Fe) could exhibit favorable peroxidase-mimicking activity to catalytically decompose H2O2 to hydroxyl radicals, which had strong oxidizing ability to oxidize the terephthalic acid bridging ligand, resulting in the oxidation-stimulated turn-on fluorescence of MIL-53(Fe) itself. Due to the strong coordination interaction between PPi and Fe3+, the former with a relatively large molecular structure was able to inhibit the catalytic activity of MIL-53(Fe) via capping active Fe3+ sites, leading to the suppression of its self-fluorescence response. When ALP was present, it could hydrolyze the PPi inhibitor and restore the dual functions of MIL-53(Fe) to provide fluorescence again. With the above principle, highly sensitive and selective determination of ALP with a linear scope of 2-80 U L-1 and a detection limit down to 0.7 U L-1 was achieved. The MIL-53(Fe) was also demonstrated to be very reliable in measuring the target in human serum, indicating its great promise as an integrated tool for ALP detection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ye
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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7
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Balbaied T, Hogan A, Moore E. Electrochemical Detection and Capillary Electrophoresis: Comparative Studies for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Release from Living Cells. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E95. [PMID: 32796526 PMCID: PMC7459635 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the main biomarkers that is clinically detected in bone and liver disorders using optical assays. The electrochemical principle is important because point-of-care testing is increasing dramatically and absorbance techniques hardly compete with the medical revolution that is occurring. The detection of ALP using electrochemical detection is contributing to the integration systems field, and hence enhancing the detection of biological targets for pharmaceutical research and design systems. Moreover, in vitro electrochemical measurements use cost effective materials and simple techniques. Graphite screen-printed electrodes and linear sweep voltammetry were used to optimize the electrochemistry of the enzymatic product p-aminophenol using the enzyme kinetic assay. ALP release from embryonic and cancer cells was determined from adhesion cell culture. Additionally, capillary electrophoresis and colorimetric methods were applied for comparison assays. The resulting assays showed a dynamic range of ALP ranging from 1.5 to 1500 U/L, and limit of detection of 0.043 U/L. This was achieved by using 70 μL of the sample and an incubation time of 10 min at an optimal substrate concentration of 9.6 mM of p-aminophenol phosphate. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was measured between the absorbance assays. This paper demonstrates the advantages of the electrochemical assay for ALP release from cells, which is in line with recent trends in gene expression systems using microelectrode array technologies and devices for monitoring electrophysiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Moore
- Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and Life Science Interface, University College Cork, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland; (T.B.); (A.H.)
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8
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A novel alkaline phosphatase activity sensing strategy combining enhanced peroxidase-mimetic feature of sulfuration-engineered CoO x with electrostatic aggregation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5551-5561. [PMID: 32671451 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Given alkaline phosphatase (ALP) takes part in the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes in the body, its activity is universally taken as an important indicator of many diseases, and thus developing reliable and efficient methods for ALP activity determination becomes quite important. Here, we propose a new sensing strategy for ALP activity by integrating the improved peroxidase-mimicking catalysis of sulfuration-engineered CoOx with the hexametaphosphate ion (HMPi)-mediated electrostatic aggregation. After sulfuration engineering, the CoOx composite coming from the pyrolysis of ZIF-67 exhibits enhanced peroxidase-mimetic catalytic ability to oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to its oxide TMBox, offering a remarkable color change from colorless to mazarine; with the presence of HMPi, the rapid electrostatic assembly of negatively charged HMPi and positively charged TMBox leads to the aggregation of the latter, resulting in a color fading phenomenon; when ALP is added in advance to hydrolyze the HMPi mediator, the aggregation procedure is significantly suppressed, and such that the solution color can be recovered. Based on this principle, efficient determination of ALP activity was gained, giving a wide detection scope from 0.8 to 320 U/L and a detection limit as low as 0.38 U/L. Reliable analysis of the target in serum samples was also achieved, verifying the feasibility and practicability of our strategy in measuring ALP activity for clinical applications. Graphical abstract.
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9
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β-Cyclodextrin modified silver nanoclusters for highly sensitive fluorescence sensing and bioimaging of intracellular alkaline phosphatase. Talanta 2020; 207:120315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Balbaied T, Moore E. Overview of Optical and Electrochemical Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Biosensors: Recent Approaches in Cells Culture Techniques. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E102. [PMID: 31450819 PMCID: PMC6784369 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which catalyzes the dephosphorylation process of proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, can be found in a variety of tissues (intestine, liver, bone, kidney, and placenta) of almost all living organisms. This enzyme has been extensively used as a biomarker in enzyme immunoassays and molecular biology. ALP is also one of the most commonly assayed enzymes in routine clinical practice. Due to its close relation to a variety of pathological processes, ALP's abnormal level is an important diagnostic biomarker of many human diseases, such as liver dysfunction, bone diseases, kidney acute injury, and cancer. Therefore, the development of convenient and reliable assay methods for monitoring ALP activity/level is extremely important and valuable, not only for clinical diagnoses but also in the area of biomedical research. This paper comprehensively reviews the strategies of optical and electrochemical detection of ALP and discusses the electrochemical techniques that have been addressed to make them suitable for ALP analysis in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanih Balbaied
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric Moore
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland.
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11
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He Y, Tian F, Zhou J, Jiao B. Alkaline phosphatase determination via regulation of enzymatically generated poly(thymine) as a template for fluorescent copper nanoparticle formation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3811-3818. [PMID: 31104084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new fluorometric method for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination. This method is based on the regulation of enzymatically generated poly(thymine) for the preparation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). 2'-Deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP) serves as the source for polymerization mediated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). This process generates poly(thymine), which acts as the template for synthesis of fluorescent CuNPs. However, if ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of dTTP, the TdT-mediated polymerization will be disabled. This prevents the formation of CuNPs and causes a drop in fluorescence. The findings were used to design a sensitive and selective fluorometric method for ALP determination. A linear response in the activity range from 0.1 to 20 U L-1 and a limit of quantification of 0.3 U L-1 were obtained. The results indicate that the proposed method can be successfully applied to ALP assay in spiked diluted serum. This demonstrates the method's reliability and practicability. Graphical abstract A fluoromoetric method for alkaline phosphatase assay has been developed based on regulation of enzymatically generated poly(thymine) as template for the formation of fluorescent CuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China. .,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Fengyu Tian
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
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12
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A versatile assay for alkaline phosphatase detection based on thymine-HgII-thymine structure generation mediated by TdT. Talanta 2019; 195:566-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Paper-based miniaturized immunosensor for naked eye ALP detection based on digital image colorimetry integrated with smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 128:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Pereira da Silva Neves MM, González-García MB, Pérez-Junquera A, Hernández-Santos D, Fanjul-Bolado P. Quenching of graphene quantum dots fluorescence by alkaline phosphatase activity in the presence of hydroquinone diphosphate. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:552-558. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Fanjul-Bolado
- DropSens S.L; Ed. CEEI, Parque Tecnológico de Asturias Llanera Asturias Spain
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15
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Liu HW, Hu XX, Zhu L, Li K, Rong Q, Yuan L, Zhang XB, Tan W. In vivo imaging of alkaline phosphatase in tumor-bearing mouse model by a promising near-infrared fluorescent probe. Talanta 2017; 175:421-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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He Y, Jiao B. Determination of the activity of alkaline phosphatase based on the use of ssDNA-templated fluorescent silver nanoclusters and on enzyme-triggered silver reduction. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Yu L, Shi Z, Fang C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li C. Disposable lateral flow-through strip for smartphone-camera to quantitatively detect alkaline phosphatase activity in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 69:307-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Martínez-García G, Serafín V, Agüí L, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Determination of Total Ghrelin Hormone in Saliva. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Noh S, Yang H. Sensitive Phenol Detection Using Tyrosinase-Based Phenol Oxidation Combined with Redox Cycling of Catechol. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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A disposable alkaline phosphatase-based biosensor for vanadium chronoamperometric determination. SENSORS 2014; 14:3756-67. [PMID: 24569772 PMCID: PMC3958235 DOI: 10.3390/s140203756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A chronoamperometric method for vanadium ion determination, based on the inhibition of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, is reported. Screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles were used as transducers for the immobilization of the enzyme. The enzymatic activity over 4-nitrophenyl phosphate sodium salt is affected by vanadium ions, which results in a decrease in the chronoamperometric current registered. The developed method has a detection limit of 0.39 ± 0.06 µM, a repeatability of 7.7% (n = 4) and a reproducibility of 8% (n = 3). A study of the possible interferences shows that the presence of Mo(VI), Cr(III), Ca(II) and W(VI), may affect vanadium determination at concentration higher than 1.0 mM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vanadium in spiked tap water.
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Park S, Singh A, Kim S, Yang H. Electroreduction-Based Electrochemical-Enzymatic Redox Cycling for the Detection of Cancer Antigen 15-3 Using Graphene Oxide-Modified Indium–Tin Oxide Electrodes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1560-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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22
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Baek G, Pandurangan P, Ko E, Mo Y, Lee D. Redox-active gold nanoclusters immobilized ZnO nanorod electrodes for electrochemical sensing applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-defined composite electrodes were fabricated by combining redox-active Au25 nanoclusters with highly oriented ZnO nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Green Baek
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | - Eunsol Ko
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Michigan University
- Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Dongil Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
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23
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Nissim R, Compton RG. Introducing absorptive stripping voltammetry: wide concentration range voltammetric phenol detection. Analyst 2014; 139:5911-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“Absorptive stripping voltammetry”, a new electroanalytical method, is validated by phenol detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nissim
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford, UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford, UK
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Hayat A, Andreescu S. Nanoceria Particles As Catalytic Amplifiers for Alkaline Phosphatase Assays. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10028-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4020963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Hayat
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, United States
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, United States
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25
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Bhimji A, Zaragoza AA, Live LS, Kelley SO. Electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay featuring proximal reagent generation: detection of human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in clinical samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6813-9. [PMID: 23758505 DOI: 10.1021/ac4009429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple electrochemical immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody detection that localizes capture and detection reagents in close proximity to a microelectrode. Antigenic peptides from HIV-1 gp41 or HIV-2 gp36 were covalently attached to a SU-8 substrate that also presented a template for the deposition of three-dimensional microelectrodes. The detection of HIV antibodies was achieved with an electrochemical immunoassay where an alkaline phosphatase conjugated secondary antibody reacts with p-aminophenyl phosphate (pAPP) to produce a redox-active product, p-aminophenol. The current derived from the oxidation of the reporter group increased linearly over a wide antibody concentration range (0.001-1 μg mL(-1)), with a detection limit of 1 ng mL(-1) (6.7 pM) for both HIV-1 and HIV-2. This level of sensitivity is clinically relevant, and the feasibility of this approach for clinical sample testing was also evaluated with HIV clinical patient samples, with excellent performance observed compared against a commercially available gold standard. This approach was used to develop the first electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect HIV in clinical samples, and excellent performance relative to a gold standard test was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyajahan Bhimji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Konopińska K, Pietrzak M, Malinowska E. Studies on the construction and operation of miniaturized potentiometric biosensors. J Solid State Electrochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Ojeda I, Moreno-Guzmán M, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. A disposable electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of leptin in serum and breast milk. Analyst 2013; 138:4284-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00183k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang L, Xiong H, Zhang X, Wang S. A novel tyrosinase biosensor based on chitosan-carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite film. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 84:44-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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References. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b11478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Ultrasensitive determination of human growth hormone (hGH) with a disposable electrochemical magneto-immunosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:939-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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31
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Miao P, Ning L, Li X, Shu Y, Li G. An electrochemical alkaline phosphatase biosensor fabricated with two DNA probes coupled with λ exonuclease. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 27:178-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Moreno-Guzmán M, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. A disposable electrochemical immunosensor for prolactin involving affinity reaction on streptavidin-functionalized magnetic particles. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 692:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sezgintürk MK, Dinçkaya E. A biosensor for the determination of β-galactosidase activity: a different viewpoint on biosensors. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 39:281-8. [PMID: 21351849 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.560119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
β-galactosidase splits lactose into glucose and galactose. Because of its biotechnological interest, we presented a biosensor system in order to monitor β-galactosidase activity. Immobilization steps of the biosensor were identified by cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. β-galactosidase was voltammetrically detected at about +150 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in citrate buffer solution (0.05 M, pH 4.8). The linear response for β-galactosidase detection was in the range of 0.0118 U mL(-1)to 0.47 U mL(-1)and a shorter response time of ∼50 s. Our results demonstrated the biosensor's electrochemical properties and analytical characteristics were very useful and effective for monitoring of β-galactosidase activity.
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Piao Y, Jin Z, Lee D, Lee HJ, Na HB, Hyeon T, Oh MK, Kim J, Kim HS. Sensitive and high-fidelity electrochemical immunoassay using carbon nanotubes coated with enzymes and magnetic nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3192-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Bertolino FA, De Vito IE, Messina GA, Fernández H, Raba J. Microfluidic-enzymatic biosensor with immobilized tyrosinase for electrochemical detection of pipemidic acid in pharmaceutical samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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TATSUMI H, OSAKU N. Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of the Hydroxyl Radical Using Enzyme-catalyzed Redox Cycling. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:1065-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke TATSUMI
- International Young Researchers Empowerment Center, Shinshu University
| | - Naoya OSAKU
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
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37
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Serafín V, Eguílaz M, Agüí L, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. An Electrochemical Immunosensor for Testosterone Using Gold Nanoparticles - Carbon Nanotubes Composite Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Moreno-Guzmán M, Eguílaz M, Campuzano S, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Disposable immunosensor for cortisol using functionalized magnetic particles. Analyst 2010; 135:1926-33. [PMID: 20577675 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical immunosensor using screen-printed carbon electrodes and functionalized magnetic particles was developed for the determination of cortisol. Anti-cortisol antibody was immobilized onto protein A-modified magnetic particles and a direct competitive immunoassay involving cortisol antigen labeled with alkaline phosphatase (AP) was employed. The resulting conjugate was trapped on the surface of the screen-printed electrode with a small magnet. Cortisol quantification was accomplished by using 1-naphthyl phosphate as AP substrate and differential pulse voltammetry for the detection of the formed 1-naphthol. The variables involved in the preparation of the immunosensor and in the electrochemical detection reaction were optimized. The calibration plot obtained for cortisol exhibited a linear range between 5.0 x 10(-3) and 150 ng mL(-1) (r = 0.993). The limit of detection was 3.5 pg mL(-1), and the EC(50) was 0.19 ng mL(-1). These results demonstrate the high sensitivity achieved with this immunosensor design which compares favourably with other previous reports. The immunosensor also exhibited a high selectivity with respect to other corticosteroid compounds closely related to cortisol. The usefulness of the immunosensor for the analysis of real samples was demonstrated by analyzing certified human sera containing cortisol at two different concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno-Guzmán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Computense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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39
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Freeman R, Finder T, Gill R, Willner I. Probing protein kinase (CK2) and alkaline phosphatase with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:2192-2196. [PMID: 20481436 DOI: 10.1021/nl101052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are used for the optical analysis of casein kinase (CK2) or the hydrolytic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Two schemes for the analysis of CK2 by a FRET-based mechanism are described. One approach involves the CK2-catalyzed phosphorylation of a serine-containing peptide (1), linked to CdSe/ZnS QDs, with Atto-590-functionalized ATP. The second analytical method involves the specific association of the Atto-590-functionalized antibody to the phosphorylated product. The hydrolytic activity of ALP is followed by the application of phosphotyrosine (4)-modified CdSe/ZnS QDs in the presence of tyrosinase as a secondary reporter biocatalyst. The hydrolysis of (4) yields the tyrosine units that are oxidized by O(2)/tyrosinase to the respective dopaquinone product. The latter quinone units quench the QDs via an electron transfer route, leading to the optical detection of the ALP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Freeman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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40
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Macrae MX, Blake S, Jiang X, Capone R, Estes DJ, Mayer M, Yang J. A semi-synthetic ion channel platform for detection of phosphatase and protease activity. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3567-80. [PMID: 19860382 PMCID: PMC2805247 DOI: 10.1021/nn901231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive methods to probe the activity of enzymes are important for clinical assays and for elucidating the role of these proteins in complex biochemical networks. This paper describes a semi-synthetic ion channel platform for detecting the activity of two different classes of enzymes with high sensitivity. In the first case, this method uses single ion channel conductance measurements to follow the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of a phosphate group attached to the C-terminus of gramicidin A (gA, an ion channel-forming peptide) in the presence of alkaline phosphatase (AP). Enzymatic hydrolysis of this phosphate group removes negative charges from the entrance of the gA pore, resulting in a product with measurably reduced single ion channel conductance compared to the original gA-phosphate substrate. This technique employs a standard, commercial bilayer setup and takes advantage of the catalytic turnover of enzymes and the amplification characteristics of ion flux through individual gA pores to detect picomolar concentrations of active AP in solution. Furthermore, this technique makes it possible to study the kinetics of an enzyme and provides an estimate for the observed rate constant (k(cat)) and the Michaelis constant (K(M)) by following the conversion of the gA-phosphate substrate to product over time in the presence of different concentrations of AP. In the second case, modification of gA with a substrate for proteolytic cleavage by anthrax lethal factor (LF) afforded a sensitive method for detection of LF activity, illustrating the utility of ion channel-based sensing for detection of a potential biowarfare agent. This ion channel-based platform represents a powerful, novel approach to monitor the activity of femtomoles to picomoles of two different classes of enzymes in solution. Furthermore, this platform has the potential for realizing miniaturized, cost-effective bioanalytical assays that complement currently established assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X. Macrae
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
| | - Steven Blake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
| | - Xiayun Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - Ricardo Capone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - Daniel J. Estes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - Michael Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
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41
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The detection of alkaline phosphatase using an electrochemical biosensor in a single-step approach. SENSORS 2009; 9:8709-21. [PMID: 22291532 PMCID: PMC3260609 DOI: 10.3390/s91108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A one-step, single use, disposable Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) biosensor has been developed. It is based on the detection of phenol produced by an ALP enzymatic reaction. It can operate at 25 °C in a pH 10 medium. It measures ALP of 0–300 IU/L. The permissible concentrations of glucose, ascorbic acid and urea without interference are 10 mM/L, 5 mg/L and 400 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results are compared to those obtained by spectrophotometric measurements in bovine serum. Excellent linearity between the biosensor outputs and the ALP concentrations exists. The agreement between the measurements of this biosensor and the spectrophotometer is also outstanding.
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Expression of esophageal cancer related gene 4 (ECRG4), a novel tumor suppressor gene, in esophageal cancer and its inhibitory effect on the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2009. [PMID: 19521989 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ECRG4 gene was initially identified and cloned in our laboratory from human normal esophageal epithelium (GenBank accession no. AF325503). We revealed the expression of ECRG4 protein was downregulated in 68.5% (89/130) ESCC samples using tissue microarray. The low ECRG4 protein expression was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis, primary tumor size, and tumor stage in ESCC (p < 0.05). ECRG4 mRNA expression was downregulated in ESCC due to the hypermethylation in the gene promoter. The treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor restored ECRG4 mRNA expression in ESCC cells. The result indicated that promoter hypermethylation may be 1 main mechanism leading to the silencing of ECRG4. The high expression of ECRG4 in patients with ESCC was associated with longer survival compared with those with low ECRG4 expression by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p < 0.05). ECRG4 protein was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (p < 0.05). The restoration of ECRG4 expression in ESCC cells inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, anchorage-independent growth, cell cycle progression and tumor growth in vivo (p < 0.05). The transfection of ECRG4 gene in ESCC cells inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB and nuclear translocation, in addition to the expression of COX-2, a NF-kappaB target gene, was attenuated. Taken together, ECRG4 is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene in ESCC, and ECRG4 protein is a candidate prognostic marker for ESCC.
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Martínez-Paredes G, González-García M, Costa-García A. Genosensor for SARS Virus Detection Based on Gold Nanostructured Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mie Y, Kowata K, Hirano Y, Niwa O, Mizutani F. Comparison of enzymatic recycling electrodes for measuring aminophenol: development of a highly sensitive natriuretic peptide assay system. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:577-82. [PMID: 18469461 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several redox enzymes were examined for enzymatic/electrochemical-recycling systems in order to measure p-aminophenol (PAP) with high sensitivity. Glucose oxidase (GOD) and diaphorase (DI) worked well as catalysts for recycling electrode systems: these enzymes effectively reduced p-iminoquinone (PIQ), the electrochemically-oxidized form of PAP, and caused an enhancement in the electrochemical signals (anodic currents in the voltammogram and amperogram) by approximately 100 fold. The lower detection limits for PAP were estimated to be 50 nM with the GOD system and 2 nM with the DI system. We combined the enzymatic-recycling electrode using DI with an enzyme immunoassay system to measure atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an important marker peptide hormone involved in heart diseases. ANPs from serum samples at ppt-levels were determined appropriately using the present assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Mie
- Hokkaido Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.
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45
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Limoges B, Marchal D, Mavré F, Savéant JM. Theory and practice of enzyme bioaffinity electrodes. Chemical, enzymatic, and electrochemical amplification of in situ product detection. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7276-85. [PMID: 18491854 DOI: 10.1021/ja7102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two articles in this series are dedicated to bioaffinity electrodes with in situ detection of the product of the enzyme label after recognition by its conjugate immobilized on the electrode. Part 1 was devoted to direct electrochemical detection, whereas the present contribution deals with homogeneous chemical and enzymatic amplification of the primary electrochemical signal. The theoretical relationships that are established for these modes of amplification are applied to the avidin-biotin recognition in a system that involves alkaline phosphatase as enzyme label and 4-amino-2,6-dichloro-phenyl phosphate as substrate, generating 2,6-dichloro-4-aminophenol as electrochemically active product. Chemical amplification then results from the addition of NADH, which reduces the 2,6-dichloro-quinonimine resulting from the electrochemical oxidation of 2,6-dichloro-4-aminophenol. An increased amplification is obtained when the reduction of 2,6-dichloro-quinonimine involves diaphorase in solution with NADH as substrate. The excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental data required a detailed theoretical analysis and the independent determination of the key kinetic parameters of the system. The theoretical analysis was extended to monolayer and multilayered films of auxiliary enzyme as well as to electrochemical amplification by means of closely spaced dual electrodes so as to offer a rational comparative panorama of the amplification capabilities of the various possible strategies. Confinement of the profile of the product, and/or its oxidized form, in the vicinity the electrode surface appears as a key parameter of amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Carralero V, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón J. Development of a Progesterone Immunosensor Based on a Colloidal Gold-Graphite-Teflon Composite Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhu X, Jiang C. 8-Quinolyl phosphate as a substrate for the fluorimetric determination of alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 377:150-3. [PMID: 17123497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important target for clinical analysis. 8-Quinolyl phosphate (QP) was developed as a new substrate for the fluorimetric determination of ALP activity. METHODS QP is a strong fluorescent substance and the product of the enzyme reaction is 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ), which has no fluorescence. Under the optimal conditions for the determination of ALP, the decreased fluorescence intensity via the enzyme reaction is proportional to ALP activity. The fluorescence intensity was measured at lambdaex/lambdaem=318/495 nm before and after the enzyme reaction. RESULTS QP reacted with ALP in the buffer solution of pH=9.5 and incubated for 20 min at 37.0 degrees C were selected as the optimal conditions for the determination of ALP. The linear range and detection limit for the determination of ALP are 1.0-16.0 and 0.229 U/l, respectively. With this method, ALP could be applied to assess ALP in human serum and the results were evaluated by comparison with a standard colorimetric assay using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as ALP substrate. CONCLUSIONS This method is simple, practical and can be used as an alternative to assess ALP in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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Torriero AAJ, Salinas E, Marchevsky EJ, Raba J, Silber JJ. Penicillamine determination using a tyrosinase micro-rotating biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 580:136-42. [PMID: 17723765 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase [EC 1.14.18.1], immobilized on a rotating disk, catalyzed the oxidation of catechols to o-benzoquinone, whose back electrochemical reduction was detected on glassy carbon electrode surface at -150mV versus Ag/AgCl/NaCl 3M. Thus, when penicillamine (PA) was added to the solution, this thiol-containing compound participate in Michael type addition reactions with o-benzoquinone to form the corresponding thioquinone derivatives, decreasing the reduction current obtained proportionally to the increase of its concentration. This method could be used for sensitive determination of PA in drug and human synthetic serum samples. A linear range of 0.02-80 microM (r=0.999) was obtained for amperometric determination of PA in buffered pH 7.0 solutions (0.1 M phosphate buffer). The biosensor has a reasonable reproducibility (R.S.D.<4.0%) and a very stable amperometric response toward this compound (more than 1 month).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A J Torriero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
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49
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Zhu X, Liu Q, Jiang C. 2-Carboxy-1-naphthyl phosphate as a substrate for the fluorimetric determination of alkaline phosphatase. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Fanjul-Bolado P, González-García MB, Costa-García A. Flow screen-printed amperometric detection of p-nitrophenol in alkaline phosphatase-based assays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1202-8. [PMID: 16532307 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
p-Nitrophenyl phosphate is one of the most widely used substrates for alkaline phosphatase in ELISAs because its yellow, water-soluble product, p-nitrophenol, absorbs strongly at 405 nm. p-Nitrophenol is also electroactive; an oxidative peak at 0.97 V (vs. an Ag pseudoreference electrode) is obtained when a bare screen-printed carbon electrode is used. When an amperometric detector was coupled to a flow-injection analysis system the detection limit achieved for p-nitrophenol was 2x10(-8) mol L(-1), almost two orders of magnitude lower than that obtained by measuring the absorbance of the compound. By use of this electrochemical detection method, measurement of 7x10(-14) mol L(-1) alkaline phosphatase was achieved after incubation for 20 min. The feasibility of coupling immunoassay to screen-printed carbon electrode amperometric detection has been demonstrated by performing an ELISA for detection of pneumolysin, a toxin produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which causes respiratory infections. The method is simple, reproducible, and much more sensitive than traditional spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fanjul-Bolado
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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