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Tang J, Zhang M, Cheng G, Lu Y. Preparation and Evaluation of Sol-Gel Glass-Based Immunoaffinity Column and their Potential Use in Determination of Diazinon in Water and Soil Samples with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802585709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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Kandimalla VB, Tripathi VS, Ju H. Immobilization of Biomolecules in Sol–Gels: Biological and Analytical Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340600713652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Babu Kandimalla
- a Department of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Vijay Shyam Tripathi
- a Department of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- a Department of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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González-Martínez MA, Puchades R, Maquieira A. Optical immunosensors for environmental monitoring: How far have we come? Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:205-18. [PMID: 17072601 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunosensing has proved to be a very interesting research area. This review discusses what has actually been achieved in the field of optical immunosensing for environmental screening, and what still needs to be done. The review is presented from a practical point of view. In terms of the basic design of the immunosensor, there is a trend towards decreasing assay time; indeed, this has been reduced from 15-20 minutes to less than 5 minutes. Another goal is to simplify the manifold, and label-free approaches combining indirect assay formats and the detection of antibody binding are popular. Rapid displacement assays have also been investigated thoroughly. In terms of some important features of immunosensing devices, the reusability of the sensing element has been studied in great depth, and working lifetimes of more than five hundred assays can now be found for all assay formats. Multianalyte assays are now being investigated, and current systems are able to monitor 2-3 target compounds, although this number is set to increase greatly (to >30) in the near future. In this sense, an increasing number of publications can be found on microarrays intended for multianalyte determinations. The application of immunosensing to real situations is the main challenge. Immunosensors are barely commercialized and are yet to be established as research or routine tools, due to a lack of validated protocols for a wide range of sample matrices. Regarding compounds considered as analytes, some significant pollutants such as dioxins or pharmaceuticals are rarely chosen as targets, although the current tendency is towards a broader spectrum of analytes. New immunoreagents should be raised for these compounds, for use in immunosensors that can be used as screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A González-Martínez
- Departemento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Cichna-Markl M. Selective sample preparation with bioaffinity columns prepared by the sol–gel method. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1124:167-80. [PMID: 16842802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioaffinity materials prepared by entrapping highly selective bioligands in the pores of a sol-gel glass offer unique advantages for the clean-up of complex sample matrices. The inclusion of sol-gel bioaffinity columns frequently allows the efficient elimination of interfering matrix components and enrichment of analytes in a simple step. After introducing the basic principles the paper reviews the methods for the production of protein-doped sol-gel materials and discusses the characteristics of sol-gel affinity columns by comparing their stability, selectivity, binding capacity and reusability. The potential of sample clean-up with sol-gel affinity columns is demonstrated giving applications in environmental, food and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Cichna-Markl
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Tsagkogeorgas F, Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou M, Niessner R, Knopp D. Encapsulation of biomolecules for bioanalytical purposes: Preparation of diclofenac antibody-doped nanometer-sized silica particles by reverse micelle and sol–gel processing. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 573-574:133-7. [PMID: 17723516 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the sol-gel technique has attracted increasing interest as a unique approach to immobilize biomolecules for bioanalytical applications as well as biochemical and biophysical studies. For this purpose, crushed biomolecule-doped sol-gel glass monoliths have been widely used. In the present work, for the first time, the encapsulation of anti-diclofenac antibodies in silica nanoparticles was carried out by a combination of reverse micelle and sol-gel technique. Cyclohexane was used for the preparation of the microemulsion as organic solvent, while surfactant Igepal CO-520 was found to be the optimal stabilizer. The antibody source was a purified IgG fraction originating from a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) was used as precursor. Rather uniform, monodispersed and spherical silica particles of about 70nm diameter size were fabricated, as was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (SEM/EDX). The biological activity of the encapsulated antibodies was evaluated by incubation of the nanoparticles with a diclofenac standard solution and analysis of the filtrate and followed washing solutions by a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using non-doped particles as blanks. While only about 6% of the added diclofenac was nonspecifically retained by the blank, the corresponding amount of about 66% was much higher with the antibody-doped particles. An obvious advantage of this approach is the general applicability of the developed technique for a mild immobilization of different antibody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Tsagkogeorgas
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 157 73 Athens, Greece
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Degelmann P, Egger S, Jürling H, Müller J, Niessner R, Knopp D. Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water and food samples using sol-gel glass-based immunoaffinity extraction and liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/diode array detection or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2003-11. [PMID: 16536568 DOI: 10.1021/jf052718+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity supports (IAS) were prepared using broad specific polyclonal anti-sulfonylurea (SU) antibodies immobilized in sol-gel glass. Two different kinds of supports were applied, crushed sol-gel monoliths and sol-gel-coated highly porous silica particles. Both were used for the quantitative enrichment of SUs in natural water and food samples followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/diode array detection (HPLC-UV/DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. Loading, washing, and elution conditions of IAS were optimized. The capacity of supports was determined for 30 SUs and compared with the cross-reactivity pattern of the direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The capacities correlated well with the affinity to individual SU compounds. Even analytes to which the polyclonal antibodies showed only a lower cross-reactivity could be enriched to a certain degree, if a sufficient capacity of IAS was provided. The IAS could be reused at least 10 times without a loss of effectiveness. Recovery of 16 selected SUs extracted from spiked water and food samples was dependent on the affinity of both immobilized antibodies to single compounds and matrix interferences. In water, 13 SUs showed recoveries higher than 80% when immunoaffinity extraction was used in combination with LC-UV/DAD. On the basis of the enrichment of 200 mL of aqueous sample, corresponding limit of detection (LOD) values ranged between 20 and 100 ng/L. The recoveries of 10 SUs, which were extracted from 10 g of potato spiked at a 10 microg/kg level, were higher than 75%. For grain samples, recoveries were at the same order for at least five SU herbicides. The LOD of LC-MS/MS measurements was about 1 order of magnitude higher, i.e., gave LODs between 1.1 and 6.9 microg/kg of food sample, depending on the compound and extraction procedure. These LODs provide evidence that the main advantage of the prepared IAS is their high selectivity for group specific recognition of SUs as compared to other nonspecific solid phase extraction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Degelmann
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chemical Balneology, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Pulido-Tofiño P, Barrero-Moreno J, Pérez-Conde M. Analysis of isoproturon at trace level by solid phase competitive fluoroimmunosensing after enrichment in a sol–gel immunosorbent. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang X, Martens D, Krämer PM, Kettrup AA, Liang X. Development and application of a sol–gel immunosorbent-based method for the determination of isoproturon in surface water. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1102:84-90. [PMID: 16300773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An immunosorbent was fabricated by encapsulation of monoclonal anti-isoproturon antibodies in sol-gel matrix. The immunosorbent-based loading, rinsing and eluting processes were optimized. Based on these optimizations, the sol-gel immunosorbent (SG-IS) selectively extracted isoproturon from an artificial mixture of 68 pesticides. In addition to this high selectivity, the SG-IS proved to be reusable. The SG-IS was combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to determine isoproturon in surface water, and the linear range was up to 2.2 microg/l with correlation coefficient higher than 0.99 and relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 5% (n=8). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for 25-ml surface water sample was 5 ng/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Vera-Avila LE, Vázquez-Lira JC, García de Llasera M, Covarrubias R. Sol-gel immunosorbents doped with polyclonal antibodies for the selective extraction of malathion and triazines from aqueous samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:5421-6. [PMID: 16082975 DOI: 10.1021/es048000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sol-gel immunosorbents (IS) prepared by encapsulation of polyclonal antibodies in silica were packed in cartridges and evaluated for selective immunoaffinity extraction (IAE) of malathion and triazines from aqueous samples. Encapsulated atrazine antibodies highly cross-reacted with simazine and propazine but did not recognize prometon and prometryn. No cross-reactivity of malathion antibodies was observed with the closely related metabolites oxomalathion and isomalathion. Mean IS binding capacities per milligram of entrapped antibody were 0.33 nmol of malathion and 0.47 nmol of atrazine (approximately 100 ng each). This capacity remained constant for at least 10 weeks, and the cartridge reusability was excellent (>60 IAE runs); also, high preconcentration factors were feasible because the breakthrough of analytes from IS cartridges did not occur up to the 250 mL sample volumes, provided that the capacity was not surpassed. Simple and rapid methods for determination of malathion or three triazines in surface water were developed using off-line IAE and HPLC-UV. The application to 50 mL dam water samples spiked at approximately 1 ng/mL of pesticides resulted in recoveries of approximately 90% and RSD < 5% (n=7). LODs for this sample volume (direct injection of IS eluates) were in the range of 0.15-0.50 ng/mL. Lower LODs (0.03-0.1 ng/mL) were achieved by online analysis of whole eluates previously loaded in RP precolumns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz E Vera-Avila
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México.
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Molto Cortes J, Berrada H. Urea Pesticide Residues in Food. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1201/b11081-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Krämer PM, Goodrow MH, Kremmer E. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on rabbit polyclonal and rat monoclonal antibodies against isoproturon. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2462-2471. [PMID: 15113142 DOI: 10.1021/jf035498d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the production and characterization of rabbit polyclonal antisera (pAb) and rat monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against isoproturon. Coating antigen and enzyme-tracer formats were developed. Standard curves for isoproturon were conducted either in 40 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or in Milli-Q water. PAb 352 together with the best enzyme tracer revealed in the optimized ELISA (enzyme tracer format) a test midpoint of 1.06 +/- 0.34 microg/L (n = 19, standard set up in Milli-Q water) with a detection limit of about 0.1 microg/L. The comparable ELISA with mAb IOC 7E1 had test midpoints of 0.07 +/- 0.04 microg/L (n = 7, standards in Milli-Q water) and 0.11 +/- 0.08 microg/L (n = 33; standards in 40 mM PBS). The limits of detection were about 0.003 and 0.01 microg/L in Milli-Q water and PBS, respectively. Noticeable cross reactivities (CRs) were seen with the major metabolites, namely 4-isopropylaniline, 4-isopropylphenylurea, and 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-methylurea. With pAb 352, these CRs were 5%, 7%, and 31%, respectively, and with mAb IOC 7E1, they were 3%, 5%, and ca. 19%, respectively. All arylurea herbicides had only minor CRs, which ranged from no CR (e.g., chlorosulfuron) to a maximum of 3.3% (chlortoluron). Influences of organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, and acetone) were evaluated. Both pAb- and mAb-based immunoassays showed the highest tolerance for methanol, up to 5%. Ethanol and acetonitrile could not be used above 2% without an influence on the assays. The same was true for acetone, although tested only in the mAb-based assay. Water samples of different origins and matrices were spiked and analyzed with these pAb and mAb ELISAs. The results demonstrated that these immunoassays are useful screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M Krämer
- Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Okologische Chemie und Umweltanalytik, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, D-85350 Freising, Germany.
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12
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Knopp D, Niessner R. Biomonitors based on immunological principles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0713-2743(04)80020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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13
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Zhou JC, Chuang MH, Lan EH, Dunn B, Gillman PL, Smith SM. Immunoassays for cortisol using antibody-doped sol–gel silica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b401902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jiang D, Tang J, Liu B, Yang P, Kong J. Ultrathin Alumina Sol−Gel-Derived Films: Allowing Direct Detection of the Liver Fibrosis Markers by Capacitance Measurement. Anal Chem 2003; 75:4578-84. [PMID: 14632067 DOI: 10.1021/ac034046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A capacitive immunoassay based on antibody-embedded ultrathin gamma-alumina sol-gel films (approximately 20 to 40 nm) was successfully prepared in this work. The nanofilms greatly increased the capacitance change initiated by the recognition between the immobilized antibody and the target antigen, which allowed capacitive measurements capable of directly determining the antigen more sensitive than that of thick films. Meanwhile, the inorganic films with high permittivity significantly increased the time constant (i.e., RC value) of the films, which rendered the potentiostatic step method with acceptable S/N ratio. These two advantages enabled the immunosensor to be readily employed in a multichannel capacitance analysis system. An eight-channel hIgG capacitive sol-gel-derived immunoassay based on this system was constructed to illustrate the application. Compared with the detection limits of SiO2 sol-gel-derived hIgG capacitive immunosensors or the conventional ELISA immunoassay, the immunoassay based on thin alumina gel film showed a lower detection limit of 1 ng mL(-1). The novel immunoassay was employed to co-determine two liver fibrosis markers (hyaluronan and laminin) in mixed samples from approximately 0.5 to 50 ng mL(-1). The little derivation caused by the interfered antigen indicated that the sensitive, specific, low-cost sol-gel-derived multichannel immunosensors might be a promising approach in the application of screening disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Yang HH, Zhu QZ, Qu HY, Chen XL, Ding MT, Xu JG. Flow injection fluorescence immunoassay for gentamicin using sol-gel-derived mesoporous biomaterial. Anal Biochem 2002; 308:71-6. [PMID: 12234465 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sol-gel-derived mesoporous biomaterials were used for the first time in the flow-injection fluorescence immunoassay system. Anti-gentamicin antibody was immobilized in a mesoporous sol-gel material using tetramethoxysilane as a precursor and poly(ethylene glycol) as a template. The sol-gel glass was used to develop an immunoaffinity column for the flow-injection immunoassay of gentamicin. Little unspecific adsorption of gentamicin on the sol-gel and no antibody leaching under harsh elution conditions were found. The immunoassay is based on the competition between gentamicin and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled gentamicin for a limited number of encapsulated antibody binding sites. NaOH solution of 5 x 10(-3)mol/L is used for the regeneration of encapsulated antibody binding sites after each measurement, which allows the immunoreactor to be used for up to 20 times without any loss of reactivity. Sample preconcentration is not needed and a single assay can be performed within 10 min. The calibration for gentamicin has a working range of 250-5000 ng/mL with a detection limit of 200 ng/mL, which is close to that of the fluorescence immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay using the same reactants. Comparison of the results from this method with that obtained from HPLC showed an excellent correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences of MOE, Xiamen University, People's Republic of China
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Jin W, Brennan JD. Properties and applications of proteins encapsulated within sol–gel derived materials. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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