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Guyonnet D, Coftier A, Bataillard P, Destercke S. Risk-based imprecise post-remediation soil quality objectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171445. [PMID: 38442757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
While risk-based contaminated land management is an essential component of sustainable remediation, uncertainty is an unavoidable aspect of risk assessment, since most of the parameters that influence risk are typically affected by uncertainty. Uncertainty may be of different origins; i.e., stochastic or epistemic. Stochastic (or aleatoric) uncertainty arises from random variability related to natural processes, while epistemic uncertainty arises from the incomplete/imprecise nature of available information. But the latter is rarely considered in risk assessments, with the result that risk-based soil quality objectives are almost invariably presented as precise (unique) threshold values. In this paper it is shown: (i) how the joint treatment of stochastic and epistemic uncertainty in risk assessment can lead to soil quality objectives presented as intervals rather than precise values and (ii) how this provides an upper risk-based safeguard for post-remediation monitoring values. The proposed method is illustrated by a real case of soils contaminated by arsenic located in the North-East of France. At this site steel manufacturers have gradually filled up a small valley with slag and dust, over more than a century. These materials are enriched in various metal(loid)s, including arsenic and lead. As the environmental authority has asked for a conversion of the site to other uses that may involve access by the general public, an investigation of human health risk was performed based on a sampling campaign and chemical characterizations including various types of extractions and an analysis of bioaccessibility. While further investigations are required to improve the bioaccessibility model, the human health risk presented herein shows how partial or imprecise information can be incorporated in the analysis while taking into account underlying uncertainties.
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Sun H, Wang Y, Liu R, Yin P, Li D, Shao L. Speciation and source changes of atmospheric arsenic in Qingdao from 2016 to 2020 - Response to control policies in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137438. [PMID: 36464020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic pollutant in the atmosphere. The atmospheric As concentration is high over the East Asian continent. At present, there is less research on the long-term trend of atmospheric arsenic pollution, which is not conducive to understanding its behavior. Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) samples were collected in Qingdao in autumn and winter from 2016 to 2020 to analyze total arsenic (TAs), As(V) and As(III). The interannual variation patterns, influencing factors and health risks of arsenic concentrations in aerosols were discussed. The results showed that As(V) is the dominant species of arsenic in aerosols. The average concentration of TAs gradually decreased and the proportion of As(III) increased during autumn and winter from 2016 to 2020. The levels of TAs, As(V) and As(III) in aerosols increased during the heating period and on polluted days. Negative correlation between TAs/TSP and TSP indicated that higher concentrations of TSP in the atmosphere would reduce the content of TAs in particulate matter. The increase of secondary aerosol particles played a dilution effect. Mobile source emissions, biomass and coal combustion were main sources of atmospheric arsenic. The distribution range of large potential sources of atmospheric arsenic decreased from 2016 to 2020, and concentrated, mainly in parts of Shandong province and its offshore areas. Local sources contributed the most to atmospheric arsenic pollution in Qingdao in autumn and winter. TAs, As(V) and As(III) posed a low non-carcinogenic risk and a negligible carcinogenic risk to adults and children. This study reveals the influence of strict air pollution control policies on the speciation and source of arsenic in aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ruhai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Pingping Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dou Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Long Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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3
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Method validation for arsenic speciation in contaminated soil by HPLC-ICP-MS coupling method. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Peng C, Zhou J, Li C, Chen Y, Huo Q, Xie F. Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine contains arsenic (As), which in the natural environment accumulates in plants during the growth of Chinese medicinal materials; there are mineral medicines containing As in Chinese patent medicine such as As4S4, As2S3, etc. Due to the toxicity of As-containing compounds and its role in inflammation and treatment of cancers such as leukemia, it is necessary to analyze the chemical form of As. A comprehensive investigation of the compound forms of heavy metals rather than the simple total amount of elements will lay the foundation for the scientific and objective evaluation of the safety of heavy metals. This article summarizes the speciation of As in bulk Chinese medicinal materials and Chinese patent medicines in recent years, and reviews the main research methods of As speciation analysis. The separation and detection combined analysis method focuses on the high-performance liquid chromatography-plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, etc. Taking the advanced synchrotron radiation source as the research platform, the use of X-ray near edge absorption fine structure spectrum and micro-area X-ray fluorescence analysis as a microscopic analysis technique supports direct analysis of the As speciation in situ. It is the most promising morphological analysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congnan Peng
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemical Engineering College of Beijing Union University , 100023 Beijing , China
| | - Juntong Zhou
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemical Engineering College of Beijing Union University , 100023 Beijing , China
| | - Chi Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Beijing City University , 100083 Beijing , China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemical Engineering College of Beijing Union University , 100023 Beijing , China
| | - Qing Huo
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemical Engineering College of Beijing Union University , 100023 Beijing , China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemical Engineering College of Beijing Union University , 100023 Beijing , China
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Battaglia-Brunet F, Le Guédard M, Faure O, Charron M, Hube D, Devau N, Joulian C, Thouin H, Hellal J. Influence of agricultural amendments on arsenic biogeochemistry and phytotoxicity in a soil polluted by the destruction of arsenic-containing shells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124580. [PMID: 33248819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils can contain high arsenic (As) concentrations due to specific geological contexts or pollution. Fertilizer amendments could influence As speciation and mobility thus increasing its transfer to crops and its toxicity. In the present study, field-relevant amounts of fertilizers were applied to soils from a cultivated field that was a former ammunition-burning site. Potassium phosphate (KP), ammonium sulfate and organic matter (OM) were applied to these soils in laboratory experiments to assess their impact on As leaching, bioavailability to Lactuca sativa and microbial parameters. None of the fertilizers markedly influenced As speciation and mobility, although trends showed an increase of mobility with KP and a decrease of mobility with ammonium sulfate. Moreover, KP induced a small increase of As in Lactuca sativa, and the polluted soil amended with ammonium sulfate was significantly less phytotoxic than the un-amended soil. Most probable numbers of AsIII-oxidizing microbes and AsIII-oxidizing activity were strongly linked to As levels in water and soils. Ammonium sulfate negatively affected AsIII-oxidizing activity in the un-polluted soil. Whereas no significant effect on As speciation in water could be detected, amendments may have an impact in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Le Guédard
- LEB Aquitaine Transfert - ADERA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Faure
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Moulin, Univ Lumière, Univ Jean Monnet, ENTPE, INSA Lyon, ENS Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5600 EVS, Centre SPIN, Departement PEG, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mickael Charron
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Daniel Hube
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Nicolas Devau
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Catherine Joulian
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Hugues Thouin
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Jennifer Hellal
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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Lock A, Wallschläger D, McMurdo C, Tyler L, Belzile N, Spiers G. Validation of an updated fractionation and indirect speciation procedure for inorganic arsenic in oxic and suboxic soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:1102-1108. [PMID: 27640761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A sequential extraction procedure (SEP) for the speciation analysis of As(III) and As(V) in oxic and suboxic soils and sediments was validated using a natural lake sediment and three certified reference materials, as well as spike recoveries of As(III) and As(V). Many of the extraction steps have been previously validated making the procedure useful for comparisons to similar previous SEP studies. The novel aspect of this research is the validation for the SEP to maintain As(III) and As(V) species. The proposed five step extraction procedure includes the extraction agents (NH4)2SO4, NH4H2PO4, H3PO4 + NH2OH·HCl, oxalate + ascorbic acid (heated), and HNO3 + HCl + HF, targeting operationally defined easily exchangeable, strongly sorbed, amorphous Fe oxide bound, crystalline Fe oxide bound, and residual As fractions, respectively. The third extraction step, H3PO4 + NH2OH·HCl, has not been previously validated for fraction selectivity. We present evidence for this extraction step to target As complexed with amorphous Fe oxides when used in the SEP proposed here. All solutions were analyzed on ICP-MS. The greatest concentrations of As were extracted from the amorphous Fe oxide fraction and the dominant species was As(V). Lake sediment materials were found to have higher As(III) concentrations than the soil materials. Because different soils/sediments have different chemical characteristics, maintenance of As species during extractions must be validated for specific soil/sediment types using spiking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Lock
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dirk Wallschläger
- School of the Environment, Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin McMurdo
- School of the Environment, Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Tyler
- School of the Environment, Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nelson Belzile
- Department of Chemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graeme Spiers
- School of the Environment, Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Lescure T, Moreau J, Charles C, Ben Ali Saanda T, Thouin H, Pillas N, Bauda P, Lamy I, Battaglia-Brunet F. Influence of organic matters on AsIII oxidation by the microflora of polluted soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:911-925. [PMID: 26427654 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The global AsIII-oxidizing activity of microorganisms in eight surface soils from polluted sites was quantified with and without addition of organic substrates. The organic substances provided differed by their nature: either yeast extract, commonly used in microbiological culture media, or a synthetic mixture of defined organic matters (SMOM) presenting some common features with natural soil organic matter. Correlations were sought between soil characteristics and both the AsIII-oxidizing rate constants and their evolution in accordance with inputs of organic substrates. In the absence of added substrate, the global AsIII oxidation rate constant correlated positively with the concentration of intrinsic organic matter in the soil, suggesting that AsIII-oxidizing activity was limited by organic substrate availability in nutrient-poor soils. This limitation was, however, removed by 0.08 g/L of added organic carbon. In most conditions, the AsIII oxidation rate constant decreased as organic carbon input increased from 0.08 to 0.4 g/L. Incubations of polluted soils in aerobic conditions, amended or not with SMOM, resulted in short-term As mobilization in the presence of SMOM and active microorganisms. In contrast, microbial AsIII oxidation seemed to stabilize As when no organic substrate was added. Results suggest that microbial speciation of arsenic driven by nature and concentration of organic matter exerts a major influence on the fate of this toxic element in surface soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lescure
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, France
- ISTO, UMR 7327, BRGM, BP 36009, 45060, Orléans, France
- LIEC UMR 7360, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
- Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, 20 Avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - J Moreau
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, France
| | - C Charles
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, France
| | | | - H Thouin
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, France
- ISTO, UMR 7327, BRGM, BP 36009, 45060, Orléans, France
| | - N Pillas
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, France
| | - P Bauda
- LIEC UMR 7360, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - I Lamy
- INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, RD 10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - F Battaglia-Brunet
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, France.
- ISTO, UMR 7327, BRGM, BP 36009, 45060, Orléans, France.
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8
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Yang H, He M. Adsorption of methylantimony and methylarsenic on soils, sediments, and mine tailings from antimony mine area. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Huang M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Yu Chan C, Wang W, Wang X, Wong MH. Arsenic speciation in total contents and bioaccessible fractions in atmospheric particles related to human intakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 188:37-44. [PMID: 24534614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Speciation of inorganic trivalent arsenicals (iAs(III)), inorganic pentavalent arsenicals (iAs(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in total arsenic (As) content and its bioaccessible fractions contained in road dust, household air-conditioning (AC) filter dust and PM2.5 was investigated. Inorganic As, especially iAs(V), was observed as the dominant species. Physiologically based extraction test (PBET), an in-vitro gastrointestinal method, was used to estimate the oral As bioaccessibility in coarse particles and the species present in the oral bioaccessible fraction. A composite lung simulating serum was used to mimic the pulmonary condition to extract the respiratory bioaccessible As and its species in PM2.5. Reduction of iAs(V) to iAs(III) occurred in both in-vitro gastrointestinal and lung simulating extraction models. The inorganic As species was the exclusive species for absorption through ingestion and inhalation of atmospheric particles, which was an important exposure route to inorganic As, in addition to drinking water and food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xunwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuen Yu Chan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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An J, Kim KH, Kim JA, Jung H, Yoon HO, Seo J. A simplified analysis of dimethylarsinic acid by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry combined with a strong cation exchange disk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:24-31. [PMID: 23747461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) was pre-concentrated from water samples using a strong cation exchange (SCX) disk functionalized with sulfonic groups, before being analyzed by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The adsorption of DMA(V) occurred preferentially on the surface of the SCX disk, regardless of pH levels, probably due to interactions with the sulfonic functional groups. However, no other arsenic species, such as arsenate (iAs(V)), arsenite (iAs(III)), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), were retained. The SCX-WDXRF method produced a strongly linear calibration curve (R(2)=0.9996) with its limit of detection at 0.218 μgL(-1) when a one-liter water sample was used for pre-concentration. The As intensity of the system was sensitive to the Pb content retained on the SCX disk owing to the proximity of the As-Kα and Pb-Lα lines. To compensate for this interference, a correction factor was developed by considering the calibration slope ratio between the X-ray intensity measured at a Bragg angle of 48.781° and the Pb content of the SCX disks. The results of spike tests for iAs(V), iAs(III), MMA(V), and DMA(V) with and without the addition of Pb in synthetic landfill leachate exhibited reasonable recoveries (i.e., 98-105%) after the spectral adjustment for the Pb interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsung An
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 126-16 5th Street, Anamdong, Sungbukgu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Watts MJ, Barlow TS, Button M, Sarkar SK, Bhattacharya BD, Alam MA, Gomes A. Arsenic speciation in polychaetes (Annelida) and sediments from the intertidal mudflat of Sundarban mangrove wetland, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2013; 35:13-25. [PMID: 22736103 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-012-9471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper documents the concentration of total arsenic and individual arsenic species in four soft-bottom benthic polychaetes (Perenereis cultifera, Ganganereis sootai, Lumbrinereis notocirrata and Dendronereis arborifera) along with host sediments from Sundarban mangrove wetland, India. An additional six sites were considered exclusively for surface sediments for this purpose. Polychaetes were collected along with the host sediments and measured for their total arsenic content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Arsenic concentrations in polychaete body tissues varied greatly, suggesting species-specific characteristics and inherent peculiarities in arsenic metabolism. Arsenic was generally present in polychaetes as arsenate (As(V) ranges from 0.16 to 0.50 mg kg(-1)) or arsenite (As(III) ranges from 0.10 to 0.41 mg kg(-1)) (30-53 % as inorganic As) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V) <1-25 %). Arsenobetaine (AB < 16 %), and PO(4)-arsenoriboside (8-48 %) were also detected as minor constituents, whilst monomethylarsonic acid (MA(V)) was not detected in any of the polychaetes. The highest total As (14.7 mg kg(-1) dry wt) was observed in the polychaete D. arborifera collected from the vicinity of a sewage outfall in which the majority of As was present as an uncharacterised compound (10.3 mg kg(-1) dry wt) eluted prior to AB. Host sediments ranged from 2.5 to 10.4 mg kg(-1) of total As. This work supports the importance of speciation analysis of As, because of the ubiquitous occurrence of this metalloid in the environment, and its variable toxicity depending on chemical form. It is also the first work to report the composition of As species in polychaetes from the Indian Sundarban wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Watts
- British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK.
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12
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Larios R, Fernández-Martínez R, Lehecho I, Rucandio I. A methodological approach to evaluate arsenic speciation and bioaccumulation in different plant species from two highly polluted mining areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:600-607. [PMID: 22154482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic accumulation and speciation in different plant species growing in two polluted sites were examined, in addition to arsenic transfer from soils to plants. The studied areas were two abandoned mercury mines in Northern Spain, La Soterraña and Los Rueldos. Plants accumulated extremely high amounts of arsenic in their tissues. Accumulation rates depend on both the grade of pollution of the site and on the plant species itself. Total arsenic concentrations varied depending on the part of the plant, with roots accumulating the most arsenic in all the studied plants (up to 1400 mg · kg(-1)). A suitable extraction method for arsenic speciation in the studied samples was developed and optimized using 0.3M orthophosphoric acid as the extracting agent in a graphite block digestion system at 90 °C for 1h. Extraction efficiencies were above 80% and speciation was not altered, since recoveries of the spiked arsenic species (As(III), As(V), DMA (dimethylarsonic acid) and MMA (monomethylarsonic acid)) were between 94 and 102%. Speciation studies were performed on the parts of each plant species by means of HPLC-ICP-MS with the results indicating no significant differences in the speciation between parts of the plants. As(V) was always the predominant species, although a non-negligible amount of As(III) was found for all samples. Little amounts of MMA and DMA occurred in certain samples. Arsenic uptake by plants depends on the plant available arsenic fraction in soils, here considered as the sum of water-soluble and phosphate-extractable fractions. Although soils from La Soterraña were less polluted, arsenic bioavailability was much higher than in Los Rueldos. Soil-to-plant transfer factors, based on total and available arsenic in soils, were evaluated for the studied plants. Dryopteris filix-mas and Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, from La Soterraña and Los Rueldos respectively, were the plants with the highest abilities to extract arsenic from their corresponding soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Larios
- Unidad de Espectroscopía, División de Química, Departamento de Tecnología, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Arslan Y, Yildirim E, Gholami M, Bakirdere S. Lower limits of detection in speciation analysis by coupling high-performance liquid chromatography and chemical-vapor generation. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Al-Rmalli SW, Jenkins RO, Watts MJ, Haris PI. Risk of human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements from geophagy: trace element analysis of baked clay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Environ Health 2010; 9:79. [PMID: 21182763 PMCID: PMC3022881 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-9-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geophagy or earth-eating is common amongst some Bangladeshi women, especially those who are pregnant, both in Bangladesh and in the United Kingdom. A large proportion of the population in Bangladesh is already exposed to high concentrations of arsenic (As) and other toxic elements from drinking contaminated groundwater. Additional exposure to As and other toxic elements from non-food sources has not been adequately addressed and here we present the first study to monitor As levels in baked clay (known as sikor). METHODS Sikor samples originating from Bangladesh were digested using a microwave digester and analysed for their As, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Zn levels using ICP-MS. Detailed As speciation analysis was performed using HPLC-ICP-MS. RESULTS Of particular concern were the levels of As (3.8-13.1 mg kg(-1)), Cd (0.09-0.4 mg kg(-1)) and Pb (21-26.7 mg kg(-1)) present in the sikor samples and their possible impact on human health. Speciation analysis revealed that sikor samples contained mainly inorganic As. Modest consumption of 50 g of sikor is equivalent to ingesting 370 μg of As and 1235 μg of Pb per day, based on median concentration values. This level of sikor consumption exceeds the permitted maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of inorganic As by almost 2-fold. CONCLUSION We conclude that sikor can be a significant source of As, Cd and Pb exposure for the Bangladeshi population consuming large quantities of this material. Of particular concern in this regard is geophagy practiced by pregnant women concurrently exposed to As contaminated drinking water. Future studies needs to evaluate the bioavailability of As and other elements from sikor and their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaban W Al-Rmalli
- Faculty of Health and Life sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Richard O Jenkins
- Faculty of Health and Life sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Michael J Watts
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Parvez I Haris
- Faculty of Health and Life sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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High performance liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry for the speciation of the hydride and chemical vapour-forming elements As, Se, Sb and Hg: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 671:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Giral M, Zagury GJ, Deschênes L, Blouin JP. Comparison of four extraction procedures to assess arsenate and arsenite species in contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1890-1898. [PMID: 19945202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic in soils poses an important environmental concern. Several studies reported an oxidation of arsenite to arsenate during its extraction from soils. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify, among published procedures, an extraction method which preserves the oxidation state of arsenic and (2) to assess the influence of soil physicochemical properties on the performance of these methods. Four extraction strategies were compared: 1) 10 M HCl, 2) 15% (v/v) H(3)PO(4), 3) 10 mM phosphate + 0.5% (w/v) NaDDC, and, 4) 1 M H(3)PO(4) + 0.5 M ascorbic acid (C(6)H(8)O(6)). Separation and analysis of As species was performed by HPLC-ICP/MS. Oxidation of As(III) into As(V) during extraction was more important in soils with high content of Mn oxides. Extraction of arsenic from soils with 1 M H(3)PO(4) + 0.5 M C(6)H(8)O(6) under microwaves was the best strategy to extract the majority of As while minimizing conversion of As(III) into As(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Giral
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
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17
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Nam SH, Oh HJ, Min HS, Lee JH. A study on the extraction and quantitation of total arsenic and arsenic species in seafood by HPLC–ICP-MS. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Rahman MM, Chen Z, Naidu R. Extraction of arsenic species in soils using microwave-assisted extraction detected by ion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2009; 31 Suppl 1:93-102. [PMID: 19085062 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2007] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel microwave-assisted extraction method for determining the arsenic (As) speciation in soils that is based on extraction with phosphate solutions, including orthophosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate, and ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate. The highest extracting efficiency was obtained with 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid solution as the extractant, and this efficiency is associated with the pH of the extractant. Total As content and As species in the soil extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) alone and by the combined ion chromatography (IC) with ICP-MS, respectively. The proposed extraction procedure was applied to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material (SRM) 2711 (Montana soil) as well as to environmental soil samples collected from the agricultural lands of Bangladesh. As(V) was detected in all the soil samples, and As(III) was detected in nine soils of the 20. These results of extractable As testing indicate that the extraction of As species mainly depends on the composition of the soils. The As speciation results also indicate that As adsorption is highly dependent on the iron, aluminum, and manganese concentrations in the soil. The stability of As species in the extracts was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
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19
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The separation of arsenic species in soils and plant tissues by anion-exchange chromatography with inductively coupled mass spectrometry using various mobile phases. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Chen Z, Akter KF, Rahman MM, Naidu R. Speciation of arsenic by ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ammonium eluents. J Sep Sci 2007; 29:2671-6. [PMID: 17313108 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A method based on ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS) was developed for the speciation of arsenic in water and soil extracts. An anion-exchange column (G3154A/101) was used to separate As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) with excellent resolution. Various ammonium salts, including NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, (NH4)2CO3, and NH4HCO3, were examined as eluents to reduce matrix interference from chloride and to solve clogging problems. The best arsenic speciation was obtained within 9 min with excellent resolution and without interference from high chloride concentrations using an eluent containing 7.5 mM (NH4)2HPO4 at pH 7.9. The detection limits for the target arsenic species ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 microg/L with direct injection of sample without matrix elimination. The proposed method was effectively demonstrated by determining arsenic species in contaminated waters and soils of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuLiang Chen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia.
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21
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Evaluation of extraction methods for arsenic speciation in polluted soil and rotten ore by HPLC-HG-AFS analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Liu G, Cai Y. Chapter 31 Arsenic speciation in soils: an analytical challenge for understanding arsenic biogeochemistry. CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-8177(07)05031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Ruiz-Chancho MJ, López-Sánchez JF, Rubio R. Analytical speciation as a tool to assess arsenic behaviour in soils polluted by mining. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:627-35. [PMID: 17171341 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A study is performed to evaluate the occurrence of arsenic in polluted soils using acidic extractions and liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-HG-AFS) for speciation analysis. Seven soil samples were collected in an abandoned area polluted by mining in the Eastern Pyrenees (Spain), and two uncontaminated soils were taken for reference purposes. Moreover, the total arsenic content is evaluated in two different sieved fractions in order to obtain information on the possible particle-size-dependent association of arsenic with soil components. Soil samples were extracted with both phosphoric and ascorbic acids and the stabilities of the extracted species were studied. The arsenic species were determined by LC-HG-AFS. In addition, the ability of soil grinding to effect species change is also assessed. Arsenite and arsenate were found in the polluted soils, but only arsenate was found in the unpolluted soils. The quality of the results was assessed through a mass balance calculation and by analysing two soil Certified Reference Materials. Valuable information regarding arsenic occurrence in the studied soils is obtained from the speciation results. The presence of arsenite in the extracts can be attributed to arsenopyrite residues, whereas the presence of arsenate indicates release from weathered material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz-Chancho
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Preliminary Results of Extraction, Separation and Quantitation of Arsenic Species in Food and Dietary Supplements by HPLC-ICP-MS. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.6.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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van Elteren JT, Slejkovec Z, Arcon I, Glass HJ. An interdisciplinary physical-chemical approach for characterization of arsenic in a calciner residue dump in Cornwall (UK). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 139:477-88. [PMID: 16102880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the later stages of hard-rock mining in Cornwall, UK, widespread processing and refining of arsenic in purpose-built calciners resulted in severe, localized contamination of soils with arsenic. Several physical-chemical techniques were applied to characterize arsenic in a calciner residue dump: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), sequential extraction combined with hyphenated speciation methods, and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) methods such as XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure). Arsenic was predominantly present in pentavalent form, bound to amorphous or poorly-crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe (probably alpha-hematite). A small amount of a non-classified crystalline iron arsenate phase was found, viz. Fe2(As(AsO4)3). There was also evidence for the presence of some arsenate bound to quartz (alpha-SiO2). The overall results make us believe that the normally assumed relative safety, from a mobility point of view, is questionable since only a small fraction of arsenic is found in a crystalline iron arsenate form.
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26
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Ruiz-Chancho MJ, Sabé R, López-Sánchez JF, Rubio R, Thomas P. New Approaches to the Extraction of Arsenic Species from Soils. Mikrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-005-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Huerga A, Lavilla I, Bendicho C. Speciation of the immediately mobilisable As(III), As(V), MMA and DMA in river sediments by high performance liquid chromatography–hydride generation–atomic fluorescence spectrometry following ultrasonic extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Akter KF, Owens G, Davey DE, Naidu R. Arsenic speciation and toxicity in biological systems. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2005; 184:97-149. [PMID: 15790174 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-27565-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although it is now commonly accepted that toxicity and bioavailability varies with As species, extensive research has been carried out on biological and environmental samples to assess toxicity and risk associated with As exposure based on total concentrations that may be in error. The health investigation guideline for the Australian environmental protection measure is 100 mg/kg (As(tot)), which would cause potential risk to human health if all the As present in a sample were bioavailable (ANZECC 1992). Similarly, the MPC for As in food is 1 mg/ kg (fresh weight), but this concentration may include contributions from As(III), AsV, and all organic species. Thus, a food substance, such as seafood, could have a high total concentration exceeding the guidelines, but most of the As would be in forms that are nontoxic to humans; i.e., the bioavailability is low, and the food would therefore be perfectly safe to eat. On the other hand, a food that has high bioavailability of As consequently is more toxic. Overall, it appears that contamination of water by As is probably more harmful to humans than As in food grains or vegetables, because As bioavailability in water is generally higher than its bioavailability in food. Nevertheless, As in food crops could make significant contribution toward total daily intake. Therefore, failure to consider the contribution of As species on their bioavailability could introduce a substantial bias into the estimation of risks associated with exposure as well as evaluation of As toxicity. In conclusion, As must be regarded as an important environmental toxicant because of its acute and chronic toxic properties and extensive presence in the environment. Much remains to be learned about its toxicology and biochemistry for better understanding of this important contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Farzana Akter
- Australian Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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29
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Orero Iserte L, Roig-Navarro A, Hernández F. Simultaneous determination of arsenic and selenium species in phosphoric acid extracts of sediment samples by HPLC-ICP-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Fernández Álvarez F, Ternero Rodrı́guez M, Fernández Espinosa A, Gutiérrez Dabán A. Physical speciation of arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium and nickel in inhalable atmospheric particles. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Rattanachongkiat S, Millward GE, Foulkes ME. Determination of arsenic species in fish, crustacean and sediment samples from Thailand using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:254-61. [PMID: 15054532 DOI: 10.1039/b312956j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Suitable techniques have been developed for the extraction of arsenic species in a variety of biological and environmental samples from the Pak Pa-Nang Estuary and catchment, located in Southern Thailand, and for their determination using HPLC directly coupled with ICP-MS. The estuary catchment comprises a tin mining area and inhabitants of the region can suffer from various stages of arsenic poisoning. The important arsenic species, AsB, DMA, MMA, and inorganic arsenic (As III and V) have been determined in fish and crustacean samples to provide toxicological information on those fauna which contribute to the local diet. A Hamilton PRP-X100 anion-exchange HPLC system employing a step elution has been used successfully to achieve separation of the arsenic species. A nitric acid microwave digestion procedure, followed by carrier gas nitrogen addition- (N2)-ICP-MS analysis was used to measure total arsenic in sample digests and extracts. The arsenic speciation of the biological samples was preserved using a Trypsin enzymatic extraction procedure. Extraction efficiencies were high, with values of 82-102%(As) for fish and crustacean samples. Validation for these procedures was carried out using certified reference materials. Fish and crustacean samples from the Pak Pa-Nang Estuary showed a range for total arsenic concentration, up to 17 microg g(-1) dry mass. The major species of arsenic in all fauna samples taken was AsB, together with smaller quantities of DMA and, more importantly, inorganic As. For sediment samples, arsenic species were determined following phosphoric acid (1 M H3PO4) extraction in an open focused microwave system. A phosphate-based eluant, pH 6-7.5, with anion exchange HPLC coupled with ICP-MS was used for separation and detection of AsIII, AsV, MMA and DMA. The optimum conditions, identified using an estuarine sediment reference material (LGC), were achieved using 45 W power and a 20 minute heating period for extraction of 0.5 g sediment. The stability and recovery of arsenic species under the extraction conditions were also determined by a spiking procedure which included the estuarine sediment reference material. The results show good stability for all species after extraction with a variability of less than 10%. Total concentrations of arsenic in the sediments from the Pak Pa-Nang river catchment and the estuary covered the ranges 7-269 microg g(-1)and 4-20 [micro sign]g g(-1)(dry weight), respectively. AsV was the major species found in all the sediment samples with smaller quantities of AsIII. The presence of the more toxic inorganic forms of arsenic in both sediments and biota samples has implications for human health, particularly as they are readily 'available'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rattanachongkiat
- School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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32
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Francesconi KA, Kuehnelt D. Determination of arsenic species: A critical review of methods and applications, 2000–2003. Analyst 2004; 129:373-95. [PMID: 15116227 DOI: 10.1039/b401321m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We review recent research in the field of arsenic speciation analysis with the emphasis on significant advances, novel applications and current uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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33
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Direct Determination of Total Arsenic and Arsenic Species by Ion Chromatography Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.12.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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In situ preconcentration and determination of trace arsenic in botanical samples by hydride generation-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Pd–Zr as chemical modifier. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Yang LL, Gao LR, Zhang DQ. Speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicines by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:897-902. [PMID: 12834231 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method has been described for the determination of arsenic species (arsenite and arsenate) by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The experimental conditions that influence the fluorescence intensity and the reduction of arsenic were investigated and optimized, and the influences from foreign ions and their elimination were studied. The detection limit was found to be 79.7 ng L(-1). The proposed method was applied to the determination of arsenic species in water leachate of traditional Chinese medicines with a recovery range of 91.1-109.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Yang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P.R. China
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36
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Ellwood MJ, Maher WA. Measurement of arsenic species in marine sediments by high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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38
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Sample preparation for arsenic speciation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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39
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Bohari Y, Lobos G, Pinochet H, Pannier F, Astruc A, Potin-Gautier M. Speciation of arsenic in plants by HPLC-HG-AFS: extraction optimisation on CRM materials and application to cultivated samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2002; 4:596-602. [PMID: 12196008 DOI: 10.1039/b203988p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed method for the determination of arsenic species (arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonate, MMAA, and dimethylarsinate, DMAA) has been applied to the study of arsenic speciation in plants. This method uses ion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled on-line to atomic fluorescence spectrometry through continuous hydride generation. Various extraction procedures have been studied in detail using three plant certified reference materials. None of the procedures tested revealed fully satisfying results with all kinds of plant samples; microwave assisted extraction with 0.3 mol dm-3 orthophosphoric acid was found to be the most convenient for dealing with terrestrial plants. Species stability appears good. This method was applied to real world cultivated plant parts. Arsenate appears to predominate in soils, roots and leaves; unidentified species (probably arsenosugars) play an important role (60%) in rice fruits. Carrot was found to be the most contaminated edible plant part, containing 1 mg kg-1 essentially as arsenate species. MMAA was detected in all soils and some plant parts especially shallots at low levels, whereas DMAA was found only in one soil sample and in hot pepper leaves. Arsenite is a minor component of all soils; it is also present in some plant parts at low levels. However, no evident relationships were found between As speciation in the various plant parts and much more detailed studies will be necessary to elucidate As behaviour in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Bohari
- Department of Chemistry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
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40
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Montperrus M, Bohari Y, Bueno M, Astruc A, Astruc M. Comparison of extraction procedures for arsenic speciation in environmental solid reference materials by high-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Appl Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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