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Han B, Shang Y, Wang H, Shen Y, Li R, Wang M, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Fang M, Jing T. Prevalence of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in food contact materials from China and their implications for human dietary exposure through take-away food. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134599. [PMID: 38788569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The application of disposable tableware has increased substantially in recent times due to the rapidly growing food delivery business in China. Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in food contact materials (FCMs) to delay the process of oxidation; however, their compositions, concentrations, and potential health hazards remain unclear. Therefore, FCMs comprised of five materials obtained from 19 categories (n = 118) in China were analyzed for SPAs concentrations. FCMs have been found to contain a variety of SPAs, with ∑SPAs concentrations ranging from 44.18 to 69,485.12 μg/kg (median: 2615.63 μg/kg). The predominant congeners identified in the sample include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) with a median concentration of 885.75, 555.45 and of 217.44 μg/kg, respectively. Milky tea paper cups, instant noodle buckets, milky teacups, and disposable cups showed high levels of SPAs. 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (AO 2246) was predominantly detected in polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate-based products. The migration test identified disposable plastic cups and bowls as the predominant FCMs and 2,4-DTBP as the dominant SPA. The exposure risk of SPAs decreased with age. In children, the estimated daily intake of ∑SPAs from FCMs was determined to be 17.56 ng/kg body weight/day, which was 8.3 times higher than that of phthalic acid esters. The current findings indicate the potential ingestion risk of SPAs during the daily life application of multiple FCM categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yinzhu Shang
- Technology Center of Wuhan Customs, #15 Jinyinhu Road, Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Technology Center of Wuhan Customs, #15 Jinyinhu Road, Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhijia Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Fang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Bandara R, Indunil G. Food packaging from recycled papers: chemical, physical, optical properties and heavy metal migration. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10959. [PMID: 36267374 PMCID: PMC9576889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper recycling is a viable option for wastepaper management. This study assessed the suitability of recycled papers as a food packaging material. Permanence and durability of three different recycled papers; R1:150 GSM, R2:120 GSM, and R3:100 GSM with aging were evaluated using standard methods. Eventhough opacity increased with aging grammage, burst strength, tensile strength, pH, brightness, and whiteness decreased. Recycled papers failed water absorptiveness test even before aging. Presence of heavy metals in recycled papers were compared with food packaging standards and migration of heavy metals from the packaging to different food types was assessed. Presence of Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb were below EC and EPA standards but only Pb and Cd exceeded the EU standard. Migration of Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr were within EPA, EU and EC standards except Pb and Cd with respect to EC standard. Highest migration is associated with foods contain more fatty acids; fast food, sausages and pizza.
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Hochegger A, Hoffellner L, Leitner E. Comparison of methods to simulate permeation through cellulose-based food contact materials. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Urbelis JH, Cooper JR. Migration of food contact substances into dry foods: A review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1044-1073. [PMID: 33905306 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1905188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed on migration of substances from packaging materials into dry foods, specifically those with surfaces containing no free fats or oils. Historically, migration from food packaging to dry foods has been assumed to be minimal. However, several recent publications have reported concentrations of migrants into dry foods that are substantially higher than anticipated. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies that examined migration to dry foods or dry food simulants, observe and assess common migrants, and report the highest migration values. Focusing on the packaging materials and migrants that exhibit the highest migration values, this review divided the studies into two categories: 1) analysis of food products in commercial packaging taken directly from grocery store shelves, and 2) analysis of food products and food simulants in contact with packaging or other material fortified with known quantities of a migrant. Discussions include the examination of migration testing methods, viability of different food simulants, and variables that affect migration behaviour. These include the physicochemical properties of both the migrant and food (i.e. volatility, molecular size, structure, food composition and particle size) and factors pertaining to the packaging material and the environment (i.e. temperature, humidity, and the presence of a secondary barrier). Information gaps and remaining questions are also identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Urbelis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jessica R Cooper
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), College Park, MD, USA
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Fengler R, Gruber L. Migration and permeation of mineral oil components from paper-based food contact materials into foods – A critical comparison of analytical methods. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Migration of organic contaminants into dry powdered food in paper packaging materials and the influencing factors. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Fluorescence polarization immunoassay based on a new monoclonal antibody for the detection of the Diisobutyl phthalate in Yoghurt. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Vandermarken T, Boonen I, Gryspeirt C, Croes K, Van Den Houwe K, Denison MS, Gao Y, Van Hoeck E, Elskens M. Assessment of estrogenic compounds in paperboard for dry food packaging with the ERE-CALUX bioassay. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:99-106. [PMID: 30634153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paperboard used as packaging, a non-inert material, can transfer chemicals into food. Over the years, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as NonylPhenols (NPs), BisPhenol A (BPA) and phthalates have been shown to migrate from packaging materials into food. Due to chronic exposure and mixture effects of these EDCs, they could cause health effects even at very low doses. Many EDCs are still unknown and many more are still unregulated. The ERE-CALUX bioassay was used as a bioanalytical tool to investigate estrogenic activities of paperboard food packaging and its characteristics, including recycling rate and printing ink. A "worst case" scenario with full extraction is compared to a dry food migration experiment. By measuring an overall estrogenic activity, known and unknown estrogenic chemicals and mixture effects are taken into account and the data are compared to molecule specific analysis. Estrogenic activities ranged from 682 ± 66 pg E2 eq./dm2 to 3250 ± 400 pg E2 eq./dm2 for "worst case" extraction and from 347 ± 30 pg E2 eq./dm2 to 1350 ± 70 pg E2 eq./dm2 for migration experiments. A two-factor ANOVA revealed a relationship between estrogenic activity and the recycling rate of the paperboard, but no significant difference with printing ink was observed for these paperboard samples. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) were determined in all extraction and migrations experiment samples. A Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a relationship between the estrogenic activity and the total phthalates as well as with each compound individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - I Boonen
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Gryspeirt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Van Den Houwe
- Department Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Van Hoeck
- Department Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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The behaviour of Tenax as food simulant in the migration of polymer additives from food contact materials by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and PARAFAC. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1589:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Ghosh T, Katiyar V. Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Films for Food Packaging. POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES: A REFERENCE SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rubio L, Sarabia L, Ortiz M. Effect of the cleaning procedure of Tenax on its reuse in the determination of plasticizers after migration by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 182:505-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Otero-Pazos P, Sendón R, Paseiro-Losada P. Determination of diffusion and partition coefficients of model migrants by direct contact and vapour phase transfer from low-density polyethylene films into cake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:555-562. [PMID: 29067891 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1397294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the migration kinetics of one photoinitiator, benzophenone, and two optical brighteners, Uvitex OB and 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (DPBD), from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films into cake. Transfer was assessed by both direct contact and also the vapour phase. To perform the migration tests by direct contact, plastic films enriched with the additives were placed between two cake slices. To evaluate the migration through the gas phase, cake and the fortified LDPE film were placed with no direct contact in a glass container that was hermetically closed. Samples were stored at different time-temperature conditions. Target compounds were extracted from the films with ethanol (70°C, 24 h) and analysed by HPLC-DAD. Relevant parameters such as partition and diffusion coefficients between food and plastic film were calculated. The Arrhenius equation was applied to estimate the diffusion coefficient at any temperature. The data indicate that migration of benzophenone occurs in a significant extent into cake by both direct contact and through the gas phase (no direct contact). Conversely, very little migration occurred for Uvitex OB by direct contact and none through the gas phase. Results for benzophenone suggest that migration through the gas phase should be considered when evaluating migration from food packaging materials into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Paseiro-Cerrato
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Pablo Otero-Pazos
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro-Losada
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Jurek A, Leitner E. Analytical determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in paper products by GC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1225-1238. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1319076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jurek
- Food Chemistry and Human Sensory Analysis, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - E. Leitner
- Food Chemistry and Human Sensory Analysis, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Giannetti V, Boccacci Mariani M, Mannino P. Monitoring of contaminants in recycled paperboard for food contact applications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2191-2198. [PMID: 27611788 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of harmonized European legislation on food packaging led the Confederation of European Paper Industries to the proposal of a voluntary Industry Guideline for the compliance of paper and board materials for food contact applications. In the present work, a previously established method for the simultaneous determination of contaminants commonly found in recycled paperboard was improved and its applicability as a quality control tool in the paper industry was also assessed. The method involves a sample pre-treatment followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. RESULTS For analysis, paperboard samples were collected both from three sections of the same reel and from different reels belonging to the same production run. Results highlighted no significant differences in terms of contaminant distribution among samples, which ensured good sampling representativeness. The performance of the method was considerably improved in terms of linearity range, limits of detection and quantification (5- to 2-fold lower) by using a quadrupole GC/MS system instead of an ion trap GC/MS system. CONCLUSION The proposed method could offer a key strategy for analysis of benzophenone derivatives, diisopropyl naphthalene and phthalates in recycled paperboard in order to assess compliance of food packaging with the voluntary limits recommended by the Industry Guideline. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Giannetti
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Boccacci Mariani
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mannino
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
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Boccacci Mariani M, Giannetti V, Mannino P, Ceccarelli V. Enhanced Quality Control of Recycled Paperboard for Food Packaging. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.999271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Thomas C, Siong D, Pirnay S. Evaluation of the content--containing interaction in cosmetic products using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:327-35. [PMID: 24749946 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas
- EXPERTOX Agency and Laboratory, 14 rue Godefroy Cavaignac, 75011, Paris, France
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Bengtström L, Trier X, Granby K, Rosenmai AK, Petersen JH. Fractionation of extracts from paper and board food contact materials forin vitroscreening of toxicity. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1291-300. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.912357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Van Den Houwe K, van de Velde S, Evrard C, Van Hoeck E, Van Loco J, Bolle F. Evaluation of the migration of 15 photo-initiators from cardboard packaging into Tenax®using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:767-75. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.886340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jakubowska N, Beldì G, Peychès Bach A, Simoneau C. Optimisation of an analytical method and results from the inter-laboratory comparison of the migration of regulated substances from food packaging into the new mandatory European Union simulant for dry foodstuffs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:546-55. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.874046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Parigoridi IE, Akrida-Demertzi K, Demertzis PG. Determination of Five (5) Possible Contaminants in Recycled Cardboard Packages and Food Simulants Using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Coupled to GC-MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/msa.2014.510075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zurfluh M, Biedermann M, Grob K. Simulation of the migration of mineral oil from recycled paperboard into dry foods by Tenax®? Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:909-18. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.790089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Lorenzini R, Biedermann M, Grob K, Garbini D, Barbanera M, Braschi I. Migration kinetics of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled paperboard to dry food: monitoring of two real cases. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:760-70. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.766765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The residual contaminants in paper-plastic food packaging materials can migrate into both surface and inside of food, and consequently harm consumer’s health. Due to this fact, the safety of food packaging materials has attracted concerns from all over world. In this study, the residual contaminants were extracted by ethanol from paper-plastic food packaging materials under ultrasonic condition and different temperatures firstly, then the extractives were concentrated by rotary evaporator, and finally the concentrated contaminants were characterized by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. The results showed that the following contaminants are detected in the paper-plastic food packaging materials: plasticizer including dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP); antioxidants including 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), and solvents in printing ink production including n-Hexadecane and n-Heptadecane. Upon the test results, the conclusion is that more residual contaminants can be detected under high temperatures. This study is helpful for quality control of paper-plastic food packaging materials and has built basic foundation for future migration research.
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Lin QB, Wang TJ, Song H, Wang RZ. Kinetic migration of isothiazolinone biocides from paper packaging to Tenax and Porapak. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1294-301. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.584071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q.-B. Lin
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - T.-J. Wang
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - H. Song
- b Shanxi Border Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Taiyuan 030024 , China
| | - R.-Z. Wang
- c Shanxi Analysis Centre , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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Lin F, Song S, Liu L, Kuang H, Wang L, Xu C. Development of the detection of benzophenone in recycled paper packaging materials by ELISA. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2010.523781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
- b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Libing Wang
- c Human Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Changsha, 410001, PR China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
- b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
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Poças MDF, Oliveira JC, Pereira JR, Brandsch R, Hogg T. Modelling migration from paper into a food simulant. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lorenzini R, Fiselier K, Biedermann M, Barbanera M, Braschi I, Grob K. Saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons from paperboard food packaging: estimation of long-term migration from contents in the paperboard and data on boxes from the market. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1765-74. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.517568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang K, Noonan GO, Begley TH. Determination of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) and n-dibutylphthalate (DBP) in food and paper packaging materials from US marketplaces. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 25:1416-23. [PMID: 19680850 DOI: 10.1080/02652030802163380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry procedure was developed for the determination of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) and n-dibutylphthalate (DBP) in domestic and imported paper packages and food sold in US marketplaces. The procedure involved ultrasonic extraction with dichloromethane, followed by analysis with the gas chromatography-ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. Calibration curves for DIPN and DBP were achieved with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 microg ml(-1) and the corresponding r(2) values were 0.9976 and 0.9956, respectively. In most of the fortified samples the recoveries were higher than 80% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) <10%. Using this procedure, it was found that less than 20% of the tested domestic packages and more than 60% of the tested imported food packages contained both DIPN and DBP. The concentrations of DIPN and DBP ranged from 0.09 to 20 mg kg(-1) and 0.14 to 55 mg kg(-1), respectively, with most of the DINP and DBP levels lower than 20 mg kg(-1). DIPN was not detected (<0.01 mg kg(-1)) in 41 food samples and DBP was only detected in two domestic and four imported food samples with concentrations ranging from <0.01 to 0.81 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), MD, USA.
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Mariscal-Arcas M, Rivas A, Granada A, Monteagudo C, Murcia M, Olea-Serrano F. Dietary exposure assessment of pregnant women to bisphenol-A from cans and microwave containers in Southern Spain. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:506-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Farajzadeh MA, Goushjuii L, Ranji A, Feyz E. Spectrophotometric determination of Irgafos 168 in polymers after different sample preparation procedures. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Granada A, Araque P, Molina-Molina JM, Puertollano MC, Rivas A, Fernández M, Cerrillo I, Olea-Serrano MF, López C, Olea N. Oestrogenicity of paper and cardboard extracts used as food containers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:95-102. [PMID: 17164220 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600936375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which are common chemical residues in food-packaging materials, were investigated in paper and cardboard containers used for take-away food. The oestrogenicity of aqueous extracts was tested in E-Screen bioassay and analysis carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oestrogenicity was demonstrated in 90% of extracts (geometric mean [GM] = 11.97 pM oestradiol equivalents g(-1)). DEHP, DBP, and BPA (GM = 341.74, 37.59, and 2.38 ng g(-1) of material) were present in 77.50, 67.50, and 47.50% of samples, respectively. In bivariate analyses, no significant association was found between the levels of these chemicals and oestrogenicity in cardboard/paper extracts. A close-to-significant association was found between oestrogenicity and DBP (beta = 1.25; p = 0.06) in paper extracts, which reached statistical significance in multivariate analysis (beta = 1.61; p = 0.03). Paper and cardboard used in food packaging may contribute to the inadvertent exposure of consumers to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Lopez-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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33
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Silva AS, García RS, Cooper I, Franz R, Losada PP. Compilation of analytical methods and guidelines for the determination of selected model migrants from plastic packaging. Trends Food Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Revision of analytical strategies to evaluate different migrants from food packaging materials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Sturaro A, Rella R, Parvoli G, Ferrara D, Tisato F. Contamination of dry foods with trimethyldiphenylmethanes by migration from recycled paper and board packaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:431-6. [PMID: 16546890 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500526052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of foods with trimethyldiphenylmethanes is reported and the origin is shown to be migration from food packaging materials of which the use of recycled carbonless copy paper was found to be the major source. This chemical is one of the solvents used in the carbonless copy paper and its presence in food and the environment has not been previously identified. In this paper we have pursued previous studies on diisopropylnaphthalenes and hydrogenated terphenyls contamination from packaging and now report the identification of this new food contaminant and present evidence of its source. Solid foods such as egg pasta, barley coffee and rice were analysed by GC/MS and a mean concentration of 18 microg/kg of trimethyldiphenylmethanes was found. Extracts from carbonless copy paper were analysed by proton NMR to characterize the trimethyldiphenylmethanes. Since trimethyldiphenylmethanes are found in solid food together with diisopropylnaphthalenes, and considering their similar chemical character, they may follow the same migration pathway as one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sturaro
- Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali - Unità di Padova, C.N.R., Padova, Italy.
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36
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37
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Triantafyllou VI, Akrida-Demertzi K, Demertzis PG. Determination of partition behavior of organic surrogates between paperboard packaging materials and air. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1077:74-9. [PMID: 15988989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of recycled paperboard packaging materials for direct food contact applications is a major area of investigation. Chemical contaminants (surrogates) partitioning between recycled paper packaging and foods may affect the safety and health of the consumer. The partition behavior of all possible organic compounds between cardboards and individual foodstuffs is difficult and too time consuming for being fully investigated. Therefore it may be more efficient to determine these partition coefficients indirectly through experimental determination of the partitioning behavior between cardboard samples and air. In this work, the behavior of organic pollutants present in a set of two paper and board samples intended to be in contact with foods was studied. Adsorption isotherms have been plotted and partition coefficients between paper and air have been calculated as a basis for the estimation of their migration potential into food. Values of partition coefficients (Kpaper/air) from 47 to 1207 were obtained at different temperatures. For the less volatile surrogates such as dibutyl phthalate and methyl stearate higher Kpaper/air values were obtained. The adsorption curves showed that the more volatile substances are partitioning mainly in air phase and increasing the temperature from 70 to 100 degrees C their concentrations in air (Cair) have almost doubled. The analysis of surrogates was performed with a method based on solvent extraction and gas chromatographic-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Triantafyllou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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38
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Latorre A, Lacorte S, Barceló D, Montury M. Determination of nonylphenol and octylphenol in paper by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1065:251-6. [PMID: 15782971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel and simple method for the determination of active endocrine disrupter compounds (octylphenol OP, and nonylphenol NP) in paper using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction, coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. Parameters affecting the efficiency in the MAE process such as exposure time and extraction solvent were studied in order to determine operating conditions. The optimised method was linear over the range studied (1.25-125 microg kg(-1) for OP and 9.50-950 microg kg(-1) for NP) and showed good level of precision, with a RSD lower than 10% and detection limits at 0.10 and 4.56 microg kg(-1) for OP and NP, respectively. The results obtained from six different types of paper revealed the presence of the target compounds in all samples analysed, at levels ranging between 3 and 211 microg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Latorre
- Equipe Périgourdine de Chimie Appliquée, EPCA-LPTC, UMR 5472 Université Bordeaux1-CNRS, BP 1043, 24001 Périgueux, Cedex, France
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