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Elskus AA, LeBlanc LA, Latimer JS, Page DS, Harding GCH, Wells PG. Monitoring chemical contaminants in the Gulf of Maine, using sediments and mussels (Mytilus edulis): An evaluation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110956. [PMID: 32275520 PMCID: PMC10775826 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to determine whether contaminant data on mussels and sediments can be used interchangeably, or not, when assessing the degree of anthropogenic contamination of a water body. To obtain adequate coverage of the entire Gulf of Maine, Bay of Fundy sediment samples were collected, analyzed and combined with similar data from four coastal monitoring programs. This required careful interpretation but provided robust results consistent with published literature. A strong correspondence was found between sediment and mussel concentrations for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, moderate to weak correspondence for polychlorinated biphenyls, and except for mercury and zinc, little to no correspondence was found for metals. We conclude that mussel contaminant data are likely sufficient for providing information on the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical contaminants, in coastal waters, under a broad range of environmental conditions and contaminant levels, and unlike sediments, provide direct information on contaminant bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria A Elskus
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA.
| | | | - James S Latimer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - David S Page
- Bowdoin College, Chemistry Department, Brunswick, ME, USA
| | - Gareth C H Harding
- Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- International Ocean Institute - Canada, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Bemanikharanagh A, Bakhtiari AR, Mohammadi J, Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi R. Characterization and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes in sediments of Shadegan international wetland, the Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:155-170. [PMID: 28712771 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and sources of PAHs and n-alkanes were determined in the surface sediments from 202 locations in Shadegan international wetland with 537,700ha. The concentrations of total n-alkanes and PAHs ranged from 395.3 to 14933.46μgg-1dw and 593.74 to 53393.86ngg-1dw, respectively. Compared with other worldwide surveys, the concentration and contamination of sedimentary hydrocarbons were classified very high. A common petrogenic hydrocarbon source was strongly suggested in all sites by n-alkanes' profile with a Cmax at n-C20, Pr/Ph and CPI ratios<1 in all sites, and high percentage of UCM. Typical profile of petrogenic PAHs with alkyl-substituted naphthalenes and phenanthrenes predominance, various PAH ratios and multivariate analysis indicated that PAHs were mainly derived from petrogenic source. Naphthalene-derived compounds in all sites were significantly above their ERL, and adversely affected benthic biota. 92% of the sites had mean ERM values<0.1, indicating high ecological risk on the wildlife of the wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Bemanikharanagh
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 64414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Jahangard Mohammadi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran
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Li Y, Long L, Ge J, Yang LX, Cheng JJ, Sun LX, Lu C, Yu XY. Presence, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice-wheat continuous cropping soils close to five industrial parks of Suzhou, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:753-761. [PMID: 28641227 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulated in agricultural soils are likely to threaten human health and ecosystem though the food chain, therefore, it is worth to pay more attention to soil contamination by PAHs. In this study, the presence, distribution and risk assessment of 16 priority PAHs in rice-wheat continuous cropping soils close to industrial parks of Suzhou were firstly investigated. The concentrations of the total PAHs ranged from 125.99 ng/g to 796.65 ng/g with an average of 352.94 ng/g. Phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLT), benzo [a] anthracene (BaA) and pyrene (PYR) were the major PAHs in those soil samples. The highest level of PAHs was detected in the soils around Chemical plant and Steelworks, followed by Printed wire board, Electroplate Factory and Paper mill. The composition of PAHs in the soils around Chemical plant was dominated by 3-ring PAHs, however, the predominant compounds were 4, 5-ring PAHs in the soils around other four factories. Meanwhile, the concentration of the total PAHs in the soils close to the factories showed a higher level of PAHs in November (during rice harvest) than that in June (during wheat harvest). Different with other rings of PAHs, 3-ring PAHs in the soils around Chemical plant and Steelworks had a higher concentration in June. The results of principal component analysis and isomeric ratio analysis suggested that PAHs in the studied areas mainly originated from biomass, coal and petroleum combustion. The risk assessment indicated that higher carcinogenic risk was found in those sites closer to the industrial park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling Long
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li-Xuan Yang
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jin-Jin Cheng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Sun
- Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, North of Wangting Town, Suzhou, 215155, China
| | - Changying Lu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, North of Wangting Town, Suzhou, 215155, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Yu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Mahu E, Nyarko E, Hulme S, Coale KH. Distribution and enrichment of trace metals in marine sediments from the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic, off the Coast of Ghana in the Gulf of Guinea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 98:301-307. [PMID: 26139460 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present results of a preliminary geochemical assessment of Cd, Pb, V, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Al, K, Ca, and Fe in marine sediments from the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic, off the Coast of Ghana. Samples were taken along 4 regions G1, G2, G3 and G4 at approximately 25m, 100m, and 250m, 500m and 1000m depths. Elemental compositions were assessed through the estimation of Al-normalized enrichment factors and geochemical accumulation indices, and the concentrations determined to produce any potential toxic effects to biota. Significant enrichment of the bottom sediments with Cd, Ni and As were observed at some locations with sediments showing signs of heavy pollution with As at region G4. Apart from Ni, V and As which were beyond threshold effects levels at most regions, all other metals were below probable effect levels. Both natural and anthropogenic processes controlled trace metal accumulation and distribution in the Ghanaian coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edem Mahu
- University of Ghana, Ghana; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, CA, United States.
| | | | - Samuel Hulme
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, CA, United States
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Kim CJ, Hong GH, Kim HE, Yang DB. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in starfish body and bottom sediments in Mohang Harbor (Taean), South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:4343-4356. [PMID: 24682639 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 27 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in bottom sediments and starfish from Mohang Harbor (MH) in Taean peninsula, South Korea. In December 2007, crude oil washed ashore from the M/V Hebei Spirit and was subsequently cleaned up within a few months of the incident. The ecological risk, bioaccumulation factor (BAF), and composition of the 27 PAHs were examined. The PAH concentrations in the bottom sediment ranged from 24 to 366 μg/kg dried weight, and the ecological risk was determined as minimal (mERL-Q < 1). Total PAH concentrations in Asterina pectinifera (inside seawall) and Asterias amurensis (outside seawall) were 1,226 and 1,477 μg/kg dry weight (d.w.), respectively. The total BAFs (∑BAF) for A. amurensis was 3.8 times higher than that of A. pectinifera, and the PAH concentrations of 5-6 log K OW were highest in the two starfish species. Further, PAH fingerprint analysis (nine alkyl-substituted PAHs fraction, low molecular weight (LMW)/high molecular weight (HMW), Phe/Ant, and Flu/Pyr), and principal component analysis (PCA) based on three crude oil samples from the M/V Hebei Spirit showed no remaining influence of crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joon Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro(st), Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 426-744, South Korea,
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Mirsadeghi SA, Zakaria MP, Yap CK, Gobas F. Evaluation of the potential bioaccumulation ability of the blood cockle (Anadara granosa L.) for assessment of environmental matrices of mudflats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 454-455:584-597. [PMID: 23583984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (tPAHs) was quantified in aquacultures located in intertidal mudflats of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia in order to investigate bioaccumulation of PAH in blood cockles, Anadara granosa (A. granosa). Fifty-four samples from environmental matrices and A. granosa were collected. The sampling locations were representative of a remote area as well as PAH-polluted areas. The relationship of increased background levels of PAH to anthropogenic PAH sources in the environment and their effects on bioaccumulation levels of A. granosa are investigated in this study. The levels of PAH in the most polluted station were found to be up to ten-fold higher than in remote areas in blood cockle. These high concentrations of PAHs reflected background contamination, which originates from distant airborne and waterborne transportation of contaminated particles. The fraction and source identification of PAHs, based on fate and transport considerations, showed a mix of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. The relative biota-sediment accumulation factors (RBSAF), relative bioaccumulation factors from filtered water (RBAFw), and from suspended particulate matter (SPM) (RBAFSP) showed higher bioaccumulations of the lower molecular weight of PAHs (LMWs) in all stations, except Kuala Juru, which showed higher bioaccumulation of the higher molecular weight of PAHs (HMWs). Calculations of bioaccumulation factors showed that blood cockle can accumulate PAHs from sediment as well as water samples, based on the physico-chemical characteristics of habitat and behaviour of blood cockles. Correlations among concentrations of PAHs in water, SPM, sediment and A. granosa at the same sites were also found. Identification of PAH levels in different matrices showed that A. granosa can be used as a good biomonitor for LMW of PAHs and tPAHs in mudflats. Considering the toxicity and carcinogenicity of PAHs, the bioaccumulation by blood cockles are a potential hazard for both blood cockles and their consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiedeh Aghileh Mirsadeghi
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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LU GUINING, YANG CHEN, TAO XUEQIN, YI XIAOYUN, DANG ZHI. ESTIMATION OF SOIL SORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY QUANTUM CHEMICAL DESCRIPTORS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633608003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling is a powerful approach for predicting environmental behavior of organic pollutants with their structure descriptors. This study reports an optimal QSPR model for estimating logarithmic soil sorption coefficients (log K OC ) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Quantum chemical descriptors computed using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level and partial least squares (PLS) analysis with an optimizing procedure were used to generate QSPR models for log K OC of PAHs. The correlation coefficient of the optimal model was 0.993, and the results of a cross-validation test ([Formula: see text]) showed this optimal model had high fitting precision and good predicting ability. The log K OC values predicted by the optimal model are very close to those observed. The PLS analysis indicated that PAHs with larger electronic spatial extent tend to more easily adsorb and accumulate in soils and sediments, whereas those with higher molecular total energy and larger energy gap between the lowest unoccupied and the highest occupied molecular orbital adsorb and accumulate in soils and sediments less readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUI-NING LU
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - CHEN YANG
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - XUE-QIN TAO
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology, Guangzhou 510225, PR China
| | - XIAO-YUN YI
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - ZHI DANG
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Lobão MM, Cardoso JN, Mello MR, Brooks PW, Lopes CC, Lopes RSC. Identification of source of a marine oil-spill using geochemical and chemometric techniques. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:2263-2274. [PMID: 20850844 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The current work aimed to identify the source of an oil spill off the coast of Maranhão, Brazil, in September 2005 and effect a preliminary geochemical survey of this environment. A combination of bulk analytical parameters, such as carbon isotope (δ(13)C) and Ni/V ratios, and conventional fingerprinting methods (High Resolution Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) were used. The use of bulk methods greatly speeded source identification for this relatively unaltered spill: identification of the likely source was possible at this stage. Subsequent fingerprinting of biomarker distributions supported source assignment, pointing to a non-Brazilian oil. Steranes proved the most useful biomarkers for sample correlation in this work. Distribution patterns of environmentally more resilient compound types, such as certain aromatic structures, proved inconclusive for correlation, probably in view of their presence in the background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Lobão
- Institute of Sea Studies Adm. Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
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Christensen JH, Tomasi G, de Lemos Scofield A, de Fatima Guadalupe Meniconi M. A novel approach for characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution patterns in sediments from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:3290-3297. [PMID: 20709434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel multivariate method based on principal component analysis of pre-processed sections of chromatograms is used to characterize the complex PAH pollution patterns in sediments from Guanabara Bay, Brazil. Five distinct sources of 3- to 6-ring PAHs could be revealed. The harbour is the most contaminated site in the bay, its plume stretches in a South West to North East direction and the chemical profile indicates mainly pyrogenic sources mixed with a fraction of high-molecular-weight petrogenic PAHs. Rio São João de Meriti is the second largest source of PAHs, and introduces mainly a fraction of low-molecular-weight petrogenic PAHs from the western region of Rio de Janeiro. The sites close to the ruptured pipeline at the Duque de Caxias Refinery show a distinctive pollution pattern indicating a heavy petroleum fraction. The method also led to the identification of new potential indicator ratios also involving coeluting peaks (e.g., triphenylene and chrysene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Christensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Estimation of n-octanol/water partition coefficients of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by quantum chemical descriptors. OPEN CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-008-0010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractQuantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling is a powerful approach for predicting environmental behavior of organic pollutants with their structure descriptors. This study reports an optimal QSPR model for estimating logarithmic n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log K OW) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Quantum chemical descriptors computed with density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level and partial least squares (PLS) analysis with optimizing procedure were used for generating QSPR models for log K OW of PAHs. The squared correlation coefficient (R 2) of the optimal model was 0.990, and the results of crossvalidation test (Q 2cum=0.976) showed this optimal model had high fitting precision and good predictability. The log K OW values predicted by the optimal model are very close to those observed. The PLS analysis indicated that PAHs with larger electronic spatial extent and lower total energy values tend to be more hydrophobic and lipophilic.
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Lu GN, Dang Z, Tao XQ, Yang C, Yi XY. Estimation of Water Solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Quantum Chemical Descriptors and Partial Least Squares. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200710014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tran D, Moody AJ, Fisher AS, Foulkes ME, Jha AN. Protective effects of selenium on mercury-induced DNA damage in mussel haemocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 84:11-8. [PMID: 17604852 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the antioxidant role of selenium (Se) in aquatic invertebrates. We investigated the effects of Se on mercury-induced DNA damage in haemocytes from Mytilus edulis using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis, that is, the Comet assay. The basal percentage tail DNA value for mussel haemocytes was 9.8+/-0.2% (mean+/-S.E.M., n=70). Exposing mussels to Hg(2+) (nominal concentration 20 microgL(-1)) for three days led to an increase in tail DNA to 61.1+/-1.8% (n=10). With added Se (as selenite, nominal concentration 4 microgL(-1)), Hg-induced DNA damage was reduced to 39.5+/-3.1% (n=10). Se pre-exposure also provided some protection against Hg-induced DNA damage (% tail DNA=51.0+/-2.9%, n=10). Basal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in cell-free haemolymph was 93.7+/-3.5 nmol min(-1)mg(-1) (mean+/-S.E.M., n=70). Increases in GPx activity were seen when Se was added during and/or after exposure to Hg. For example, a 3-4-fold increase was seen after three days exposure to Hg in the presence of added Se. Interestingly GPx activity doubled after three days in the presence of added Se alone, but was unchanged after exposure to HgCl(2) alone. These results suggest that the availability of Se in the natural environment could affect the antioxidant status of mussels, and consequently could affect levels of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Tran
- Ecotoxicology and Stress Biology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
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Lu GN, Dang Z, Tao XQ, Yang C, Yi XY. Modeling and prediction of photolysis half-lives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosols by quantum chemical descriptors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2007; 373:289-96. [PMID: 17173954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling is a powerful approach for predicting environmental fate parameters of organic pollutants with their structure descriptors. This study reports QSPR models for photolysis half-lives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosols. Quantum chemical descriptors computed with density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level and partial least squares (PLS) analysis with optimizing procedure were used for generating QSPR models. The correlation coefficient of the optimal model was 0.993, and the fitting results showed this optimal model had high fitting precision and good predictability. The predicted photolysis half-lives by the optimal model are very close to those observed. The PLS assistant analysis indicated that PAHs with large electronic spatial extent tend to be photolyzed faster, while PAHs with high molecular total energy and small Mulliken atomic charges on the most negative carbon atom tend to be photolyzed slower in aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ning Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
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Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MA, García-Montelongo FJ. Optimization of the Microwave-Assisted Saponification and Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Marine Biota Using Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Networks. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dreyer A, Radke M, Turunen J, Blodau C. Long-term change of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition to peatlands of eastern Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:3918-24. [PMID: 15984765 DOI: 10.1021/es0481880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To date, studies about historic PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) deposition at a regional scale have rarely been published. To address this research gap, we sampled 17 ombrotrophic peatlands across eastern Canada. The peat cores from hollows were dated with 210Pb for the period of about 1850-2000 and analyzed fortheir PAH concentration, so PAH deposition could be reconstructed. Peat samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The extracts were purified by column chromatography with aluminum oxide and silica gel. PAH were measured by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Overall reconstructed deposition rates of sigma-11 PAH ranged from 4 to 1432 microg m(-2) year(-1). Three different long-term trends in PAH deposition could be distinguished: sites with two separated periods of maximum PAH deposition, sites with one period of maximum PAH deposition, and sites with no clearly separated period of maximum PAH deposition. Increasing PAH depositions were caused by rapid industrialization accompanied by extensive use of fossil fuels; decreasing PAH depositions were caused by substitution of these fuels and movements of PAH emitting industry to different regions. At all sites either phenanthrene (20-60%) or benzo[b+k]fluoranthene (10-40%) was the predominant PAH. Detailed analysis of three bogs suggested that combustion of coal and vehicle exhausts mainly contributed to the peat PAH burden. The temporal trends of PAH deposition indicated that increases in the PAH deposition rates followed the industrial development in Canada, particularly in the periods 1880-1910 and 1940-1960. Recent abatement efforts were reflected in decreased PAH deposition rates to about 15% of the maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Dreyer
- Department of Hydrology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Christensen JH, Mortensen J, Hansen AB, Andersen O. Chromatographic preprocessing of GC–MS data for analysis of complex chemical mixtures. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1062:113-23. [PMID: 15679149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyphenated analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can provide extensive amounts of analytical data when applied to environmental samples. Quantitative analyses of complex contaminant mixtures by commercial preprocessing software are time-consuming, and baseline distortion and incomplete peak resolution increase the uncertainty and subjectivity of peak quantification. Here, we present a semi-automatic method developed specific for processing complex first-order chromatographic data (e.g. selected ion monitoring in GC-MS) prior to chemometric data analysis. Chromatograms are converted into semi-quantitative variables (e.g. diagnostic ratios (DRs)) that can be exported directly to appropriate softwares. The method is based on automatic peak matching, initial parameterization, alternating background noise reduction and peak estimation using mathematical functions (Gaussian and exponential-Gaussian hybrid) with few (i.e. three to four) parameters. It is capable of resolving convoluted peaks, and the exponential-Gaussian hybrid improves the description of asymmetric peaks (i.e. fronting and tailing). The optimal data preprocessing suggested in this article consists of estimation of Gaussian peak parameters and subsequent calculation of diagnostic ratios from peak heights. We tested the method on chromatographic data from 20 replicate oil samples and found it to be less time-consuming and subjective than commercial software, and with comparable data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Christensen
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Morillo J, Usero J, Gracia I. Heavy metal distribution in marine sediments from the southwest coast of Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 55:431-442. [PMID: 14987942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2003] [Revised: 09/29/2003] [Accepted: 10/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The latest version (1999) of the BCR-sequential extraction technique was used to determine the distribution of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn) with major sedimentary phases (acid-soluble, reducible, oxidisable and residual) in samples from the southwest coast of Spain. The total metal content was also determined. The results showed that an extensive area along the coast (35 km long), near the joint mouth of the Tinto and Odiel Rivers, contains sediments with high concentrations of metals, with maximums of 649 mg/kg of Zn, 336 mg/kg of Cu, 197 mg/kg of Pb and 2.5 mg/kg of Cd. The values found for Cr, Ni and Mn are comparable to those in unpolluted areas. Based on the chemical distribution of metals, we found that Zn is the most mobile (i.e., it can pass easily into the water under changing environmental conditions). This metal showed the highest percentages in the acid-soluble fraction (the most labile), especially in the central coastal area, where the samples contained over 50% of this element associated with this fraction. This area close to the Tinto and Odiel river mouths also shows a significant increase in the mobility of Cd and Cu. In both cases the amount present in the residual fraction is lower, and the acid-soluble fraction is increased for Cd and the oxidisable fraction for Cu. However, the highest percentages of Fe, Cr and Ni are found in the residual fraction (84%, 89% and 75%, respectively), which implies that these metals are strongly bound to the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Morillo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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