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Saddique Z, Faheem M, Habib A, UlHasan I, Mujahid A, Afzal A. Electrochemical Creatinine (Bio)Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Renal Malfunction and Chronic Kidney Disorders. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101737. [PMID: 37238220 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-pandemic era, point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of diseases is an important research frontier. Modern portable electrochemical (bio)sensors enable the design of POC diagnostics for the identification of diseases and regular healthcare monitoring. Herein, we present a critical review of the electrochemical creatinine (bio)sensors. These sensors either make use of biological receptors such as enzymes or employ synthetic responsive materials, which provide a sensitive interface for creatinine-specific interactions. The characteristics of different receptors and electrochemical devices are discussed, along with their limitations. The major challenges in the development of affordable and deliverable creatinine diagnostics and the drawbacks of enzymatic and enzymeless electrochemical biosensors are elaborated, especially considering their analytical performance parameters. These revolutionary devices have potential biomedical applications ranging from early POC diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other kidney-related illnesses to routine monitoring of creatinine in elderly and at-risk humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saddique
- Sensors and Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Amir Habib
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar UlHasan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Mujahid
- Sensors and Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Afzal
- Sensors and Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Malicka I, Lewińska I, Tymecki Ł. On-line 'protein shaker': A multicommutated flow analysis system for fluorometric creatinine determination in deproteinized serum. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339246. [PMID: 35033258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fully mechanized multicommutated flow analysis (MCFA) system for fluorometric determination of creatinine in serum samples is introduced in this paper. The flow system was constructed with microsolenoid pumps and valves and with a 3D-printed flow cell. Fluorometric assay relied on creatinine reaction with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline environment. To overcome significant interference from protein, a flow reactor for serum deproteinization was designed and implemented in the flow system. The deproteinization was carried out by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and the addition of sodium chloride facilitated the precipitate sedimentation. The supernatant representative sample was pumped out and subjected to fluorometric creatinine assay. The obtained linear range was from 1.6 to 500 μmol L-1 and the precision, expressed as RSD, was below 3%. The proposed MCFA system was used to determine creatinine concentration in control serum samples. The results obtained with flow deproteinization correlated well with results obtained with conventional deproteinization (y = (0.91 ± 0.09) x + (37 ± 28)) with Pearson's r 0.979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Malicka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Lewińska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Tymecki
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Rakesh Kumar RK, Shaikh MO, Chuang CH. A review of recent advances in non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine biosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1183:338748. [PMID: 34627521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine biosensing is a rapidly developing field owing to the clinical relevance of creatinine as a vital biomarker for several diseases associated with renal, thyroidal, and muscular dysfunctions. Over the years, we have observed numerous creatinine biosensing strategies, including the most widely studied enzymatic creatinine biosensors. Though the enzymatic approach provides excellent selectivity and reliability, it has certain drawbacks, which include high fabrication cost and poor storage stability (that is inherent to every enzyme-based biosensors). This has led to the development of non-enzymatic creatinine biosensors, of which electrochemical sensors are the most promising for point-of-care applications. However, only a limited number of studies have been conducted and there is a lack of reviews addressing the recent advances in this research area. Herein, we present for the first time, a review with a prime focus on the various strategies implemented in non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine biosensing. We aim to offer a comprehensive context on the achievements and limitations of currently available non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine biosensors and address the underlying factors pertaining to the interplay of modification/fabrication techniques with the sensitivity, selectivity, interferences, and long-term storage stability of the biosensor. We hope that this work shall prove to be seminal in the conception and advancement of future non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Rakesh Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan.
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Narimani R, Esmaeili M, Rasta SH, Khosroshahi HT, Mobed A. Trend in creatinine determining methods: Conventional methods to molecular‐based methods. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:308-325. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRenal failure (RF) disease is ranked as one of the most prevalent diseases with severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of RF leads to subsequent control of disease to reduce the poor prognosis. The level of sera creatinine is considered as a significant biomarker for kidney biofunction, which is routinely detected by the Jaffe reaction. The normal range for creatinine in the blood may be 0.84‐1.21 mg/dL. Low accuracy, insufficient sensitivity, explosive and toxicity of picric acid, and pseudo‐interaction with nonspecific elements such as ammonium ions in the Jaffe method lead to the development of various techniques for precise detection of creatinine such as spectroscopic, electrochemical, and chromatography approaches and sensors based on enzymes, molecular imprinted polymer and nanoparticles, etc. Based on previously established results, they are trying to construct sensors with high accuracy, optimum sensitivity, acceptable linear/calibration range, and limit of detection, which are small in size and applicable by the patient him/herself (point‐of‐care testing). By comparing the results of research, a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence‐based sensor with linear/calibration range of 5‐1 mMconcentration of creatinine and the detection limit of 0.5 nM has the best detectable resolution with 2 million measurable points. In this paper, we will review the recently developed methods for measuring creatinine concentration and renal biofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Narimani
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahdad Esmaeili
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Biomedical Physics, School of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Hamid Tayebi Khosroshahi
- Center for Chronic Kidney Disease Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Chen H, Simoska O, Lim K, Grattieri M, Yuan M, Dong F, Lee YS, Beaver K, Weliwatte S, Gaffney EM, Minteer SD. Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions of Bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12903-12993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erin M. Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Pundir CS, Kumar P, Jaiwal R. Biosensing methods for determination of creatinine: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:707-724. [PMID: 30551062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine is a metabolic product of creatine phosphate in muscles, which provides energy to muscle tissues. Creatinine has been considered as indicator of renal function specifically after dialysis, thyroid malfunction and muscle damage. The normal level of creatinine in the serum and its excretion through urine in apparently healthy individuals is 45-140 μM and 0.8-2.0 gm/day respectively. The level of creatinine reaches >1000 μM in serum during renal, thyroid and kidney dysfunction or muscle disorder. A number of conventional methods such as colorimetric, spectrophotometric and chromatographic are available for determination of creatinine. Besides the advantages of being highly sensitive and selective, these methods have some drawbacks like time-consuming, requirement of sample pre-treatment, high cost instrumental set-up and skilled persons to operate. The sensors/biosensors overcome these drawbacks, as these are fast, easy, cost effective and highly sensitive. This review article describes the classification, operating principles, merits and demerits of various creatinine sensors/biosensors, specifically nanomaterials based biosensors. Creatinine biosensors work optimally within 2-900 s, potential range 0.1-1.0 V, pH range 4.0-10.0, temperature range 25-35 °C and had linear range, 0.004-30000 µM for creatinine with the detection limit between 0.01.01 µM and 520 µM. These biosensors measured creatinine level in sera and urine samples and had storage stability between 4 and 390 days, while being stored dry at 4 °C. The future perspective for further improvement and commercialization of creatinine biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, India.
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, India; Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, India
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7
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Development and characterization of an electrochemical biosensor for creatinine detection in human urine based on functional molecularly imprinted polymer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Viswanath KB, Devasenathipathy R, Wang SF, Vasantha VS. A New Route for the Enzymeless Trace Level Detection of Creatinine Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanocomposite Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Balaji Viswanath
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai India
| | - Rajkumar Devasenathipathy
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sea-Fue Wang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - V. S. Vasantha
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai India
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Zhybak M, Beni V, Vagin M, Dempsey E, Turner A, Korpan Y. Creatinine and urea biosensors based on a novel ammonium ion-selective copper-polyaniline nano-composite. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:505-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Photochemical decoration of magnetic composites with silver nanostructures for determination of creatinine in urine by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2014; 130:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Wen T, Zhu W, Xue C, Wu J, Han Q, Wang X, Zhou X, Jiang H. Novel electrochemical sensing platform based on magnetic field-induced self-assembly of Fe3O4@Polyaniline nanoparticles for clinical detection of creatinine. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:180-5. [PMID: 24487254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensing platform based on magnetic field-induced self-assembly of Fe3O4@Polyaniline nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PANI NPs) has been for the first time fabricated for the sensitive detection of creatinine in biological fluids. The template molecule, creatinine, was self-assembled on the surface of Fe3O4@PANI NPs together with the functional monomer aniline by the formation of N-H hydrogen bonds. After pre-assembled, through the magnetic-induction of the magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE), the ordered structure of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were established by the electropolymerization and assembled on the surface of MGCE with the help of magnetic fields by a simple one-step approach. The structural controllability of the MIPs film established by magnetic field-induced self-assembly was further studied. The stable and hydrophilic Fe3O4@PANI can not only provide available functionalized sites with which the template molecule creatinine can form hydrogen bond by the abundant amino groups in PANI matrix, but also afford a promoting pathway for electron transfer. The as-prepared molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (MIES) shows good stability and reproducibility for the determination of creatinine with the detection limit reached 0.35 nmol L(-1) (S/N=3). In addition, the highly sensitive and selective MIES has been successfully used for the clinical determination of creatinine in human plasma and urine samples. The average recoveries were 90.8-104.9% with RSD lower than 2.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China; The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, PR China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Cheng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Qing Han
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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Serafín V, Hernández P, Agüí L, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón J. Electrochemical biosensor for creatinine based on the immobilization of creatininase, creatinase and sarcosine oxidase onto a ferrocene/horseradish peroxidase/gold nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Teflon composite electrode. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Riedel M, Göbel G, Abdelmonem AM, Parak WJ, Lisdat F. Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Quantum Dots and Sarcosine Oxidase. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2338-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Gu H, Gwon K, Lim E, Shin JH. A Creatinine Biosensor with Reduced Interference from Creatine. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.5229/jkes.2012.15.4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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High performance of hydrogen peroxide detection using Pt nanoparticles-dispersed carbon electrode prepared by pulsed arc plasma deposition. Talanta 2012; 99:865-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Yadav S, Devi R, Bhar P, Singhla S, Pundir C. Immobilization of creatininase, creatinase and sarcosine oxidase on iron oxide nanoparticles/chitosan-g-polyaniline modified Pt electrode for detection of creatinine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:247-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Isildak I, Cubuk O, Altikatoglu M, Yolcu M, Erci V, Tinkilic N. A novel conductometric creatinine biosensor based on solid-state contact ammonium sensitive PVC–NH2 membrane. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chen CH, Lin MS. A novel structural specific creatinine sensing scheme for the determination of the urine creatinine. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 31:90-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Xu D, Zhu W, Jiang Y, Li X, Li W, Cui J, Yin J, Li G. Rational design of molecularly imprinted photonic films assisted by chemometrics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32833j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Li TJ, Chen PY, Nien PC, Lin CY, Vittal R, Ling TR, Ho KC. Preparation of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer by the sol–gel process for sensing creatinine. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 711:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Yadav S, Kumar A, Pundir C. Amperometric creatinine biosensor based on covalently coimmobilized enzymes onto carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline composite film. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:277-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yadav S, Devi R, Kumar A, Pundir C. Tri-enzyme functionalized ZnO-NPs/CHIT/c-MWCNT/PANI composite film for amperometric determination of creatinine. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Catalytic systems based on the organic nickel(ii) complexes in chronoamperometric determination of urea and creatinine. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Khadro B, Sanglar C, Bonhomme A, Errachid A, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for detection of urea and creatinine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Erden PE, Pekyardimci S, Kiliç E, Arslan F. An Amperometric Enzyme Electrode for Creatine Determination Prepared by the Immobilization of Creatinase and Sarcosine Oxidase in Poly(vinylferrocenium). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 34:223-39. [PMID: 16537176 DOI: 10.1080/10731190600581775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new enzyme electrode for the determination of creatine was developed by immobilizing creatinase (CI) and sarcosine oxidase (SO). The enzymes were co-immobilized in a poly(vinylferrocenium) matrix onto the surface of a platinum working electrode. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyte (GA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as the best immobilization method for the enzymatic system. Determination of creatine was performed by the oxidation of enzymatically generated H2O2 at + 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The linear working range of the electrode was 2.0 x 10(-5) - 3.2 x 10(-4) M and the response time was about 50 s. The effects of pH, temperature, enzyme ratio and buffer concentration were investigated and optimum parameters were found to be 7.5, 37 degrees C, 2.5:1 (CI:SO) and 0.05 M, respectively. The stability and reproducibility of the enzyme electrode have been also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Esra Erden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Cete S, Yaşar A, Arslan F. An Amperometric Biosensor for Uric Acid Determination Prepared from Uricase Immobilized in Polypyrrole Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 34:367-80. [PMID: 16809136 DOI: 10.1080/10731190600684116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to prepare a biosensor for the determination of uric acid, electropolymerization of pyrrole on Pt surface was carried out with an electrochemical cell containing pyrrole, ferrocene (as a electron mediator) and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborat in acetonitrile by cyclic voltammetry between 0.0 and 1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 50 mV/s upon Pt electrode. Uricase was immobilized by a glutaraldehyde/gelatine croslinking procedure on to polypyrrole film after the electropolymerization processes. The response of the biosensor against uric acid was measured after 330 seconds following the application of a constant potential of +0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The resulting biosensor exhibits excellent electrocatalysis for the uric acid. The amperometric determination is based on the electrochemical detection of H2O2, which is generated in enzymatic reaction of uric acid. The sensor responds to uric acid with a detection limit of 5.0 x 10(-7) M. The sensor remains relatively stable for 5 weeks. Interference effect were investigated on the amperometric response of the biosensor. Determination of uric acid was carried out in the biological fluids by biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servet Cete
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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ADSORPTION OF DINITROBENZOATE-MODIFIED HEMA/NVP MICROSPHERE FOR CREATININE AND THE MECHANISM OF CHEMISORPTION. ACTA POLYM SIN 2008. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2008.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gao B, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. Preparation and adsorption characteristic of polymeric microsphere with strong adsorbability for creatinine. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2008; 22:166-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Karakuş E, Pekyardımcı Ş, Kılıç E. Potentiometric bienzymatic biosensor based on PVC membrane containing palmitic acid for determination of creatine. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hsieh RY, Tsai HA, Syu MJ. Designing a molecularly imprinted polymer as an artificial receptor for the specific recognition of creatinine in serums. Biomaterials 2006; 27:2083-9. [PMID: 16236356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) synthesized from two different functional monomers, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-Vpy), were prepared. The crosslinkers used for these two monomers were epichlorohydrin (EPI) and divinylbenzene (DVB), respectively. It was attempted to adsorb the target molecule, creatinine, from its mixture solutions. A proper molar ratio of monomer/crosslinker for the preparation of the imprinted poly(beta-CD) was 1:10. Between both polymers mentioned above, the affinity of the imprinted poly(4-Vpy-co-DVB) towards creatinine was comparably superior. The imprinted poly(4-Vpy-co-DVB) for creatinine could reach a specific binding ratio of 3.11. The imprinted poly(4-Vpy-co-DVB) was further utilized to bind creatinine from human serum samples. The binding capacity of the imprinted poly(4-Vpy-co-DVB) for creatinine from the serum samples was plotted against the creatinine concentration. From the correlation, the feasibility of the imprinted poly(4-Vpy-co-DVB) thus prepared for the target analyte, creatinine, was experimentally confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryh-Yaw Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Yuan General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hassan S, Elnemma E, Mohamed A. Novel Biomedical Sensors for Flow Injection Potentiometric Determination of Creatinine in Human Serum. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tsai HA, Syu MJ. Synthesis and characterization of creatinine imprinted poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-divinylbenzene) as a specific recognition receptor. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tsai HA, Syu MJ. Synthesis of creatinine-imprinted poly(β-cyclodextrin) for the specific binding of creatinine. Biomaterials 2005; 26:2759-66. [PMID: 15585280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An artificial receptor for creatinine was synthesized by the method of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). beta-Cyclodextrin was used as a monomer cross-linked with epichlorohydrin in the presence of creatinine, which was a template for the imprinting. Different molar ratios of monomer to template were used to synthesize the polymers so that better specific adsorption ability towards creatinine could be achieved. The results showed that to carry out the polymerization with a molar ratio of monomer to template of 3:2 and monomer to cross-linking agent of 1:10 was proper. N-hydroxysuccinimide and 2-pyrrolinidone were used as the analogues of creatinine in the adsorption experiments of multi-component solutions to reveal the specific recognition ability of the molecularly imprinted poly(beta-cyclodextrin) (poly(beta-CD)) for the template molecule, creatinine. One such detection interference of creatinine was creatine, which also co-exists in serum. Hence, adsorption experiments of creatinine/creatine binary mixture were also carried out to investigate and confirm the specific binding of the creatinine-imprinted poly(beta-cyclodextrin) towards creatinine. The hydroxyl groups of the imprinted poly(beta-CD) was further capped by chlorotrimethylsilane (CTMS) to investigate the interaction between creatinine and the imprinted poly(beta-CD). The adsorption resulting from the mixture solution by MIPs suggested that the creatinine-imprinted poly(beta-CD) demonstrated superior binding effect for the target molecule, creatinine, rather than creatine, N-hydroxysuccinimide and 2-pyrrolinidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ang Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Radomska A, Bodenszac E, Głąb S, Koncki R. Creatinine biosensor based on ammonium ion selective electrode and its application in flow-injection analysis. Talanta 2004; 64:603-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hsiue GH, Lu PL, Chen JC. Multienzyme-immobilized modified polypropylene membrane for an amperometric creatinine biosensor. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chapter 3 Electrochemical biosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1061-8945(03)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Soldatkin A, Montoriol J, Sant W, Martelet C, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Development of potentiometric creatinine-sensitive biosensor based on ISFET and creatinine deiminase immobilised in PVA/SbQ photopolymeric membrane. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(02)00062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Simultaneous flow-injection assay of creatinine and creatine in serum by the combined use of a 16-way switching valve, some specific enzyme reactors and a highly selective hydrogen peroxide electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Comparison of electrochemical, electrophoretic and spectrophotometric methods for creatinine determination in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tombach B, Schneider J, Matzkies F, Schaefer RM, Chemnitius GC. Amperometric creatinine biosensor for hemodialysis patients. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 312:129-34. [PMID: 11580918 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatinine is an important clinical laboratory parameter for the evaluation of kidney function. It is essential to determine its concentration in serum of patients suffering from renal insufficiency. During hemodialysis treatment, the measurement of creatinine in the effluent dialysate or ultrafiltrate may give additional information on the efficiency of the extracorporal procedure. Therefore, enzyme sensors with co-immobilized creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase and sarcosine oxidase have been used to determine creatinine. METHODS Enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide has amperometrically been detected at a platinum-working electrode. To exclude electroactive compounds of the sample matrix, which might interfere with the electrochemical measurement, the sensors have additionally been modified by a Nafion membrane. RESULTS Such sensors showed a linear detection range of 0.06-1.7 mg/dl for creatinine. Diluting the sample with measuring buffer, it has also been possible to measure pathological creatinine concentrations up to 11 mg/dl. A good correlation between creatinine concentrations in serum, dialysate and ultrafiltrate determined by the presented enzyme sensors and those obtained by both, conventional colorimetric Jaffé and enzymatic measurements have been achieved. CONCLUSION Further developments will aim at the integration of this measuring principle into the concept to low-cost disposable planar sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tombach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Westfalian Wilhelms-University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48129, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Creatinine biosensors, based on both potentiometric and amperometric devices, have been created. However, there are significant problems still to be addressed, including the balance between sensitivity and selectivity, interference rejection and sensor stability. In addition, many devices still rely on a dual-sensor approach for creatine and creatinine subtractive measurements. However, creatinine biosensors appear close to attaining the performance goals necessary for their widespread application. This article looks at the operating principle and design of both potentiometric and amperometric creatinine biosensors, and shows how the design of these devices affects their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Killard
- National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, 9, Dublin, Ireland.
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Abstract
Reports on chemical immobilization of proteins and enzymes first appeared in the 1960s. Since then, immobilized proteins and enzymes have been widely used in the processing of variety of products and increasingly used in the field of medicine. Here, we present a review of recent developments in immobilized enzyme use in medicine. Generally speaking, the use of immobilized enzyme in medicine can be divided into two major categories: biosensors and bioreactors. A brief overview of the evolution of the biosensor and bioreactor technology, of currently existing applications of immobilized enzymes, of problems that researchers encountered, and of possible future developments will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Liang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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Gajovic N, Habermüller K, Warsinke A, Schuhmann W, Scheller FW. A Pyruvate Oxidase Electrode Based on an Electrochemically Deposited Redox Polymer. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199912)11:18<1377::aid-elan1377>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim EJ, Haruyama T, Yanagida Y, Kobatake E, Aizawa M. Disposable creatinine sensor based on thick-film hydrogen peroxide electrode system. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003, USA
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Shih YT, Huang HJ. A creatinine deiminase modified polyaniline electrode for creatinine analysis. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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