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Mańkowska M, Krzymiński K, Wyrzykowski D, Zadykowicz B, Samsonov SA. Why Do Ionic Surfactants Significantly Alter the Chemiluminogenic Properties of Acridinium Salt? Molecules 2024; 29:3736. [PMID: 39202816 PMCID: PMC11356875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acridinium esters, due to their capability for chemiluminescence (CL), are employed as indicators and labels in biomedical diagnostics and other fields. In this work, the influence of ionic surfactants, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and bromide (CTAC and CTAB, cationic) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS, anionic) on the CL parameters and mechanism of representative emitter, 10-methyl-9-[(2-methylphenoxy)carbonyl]acridinium trifluoromethanesulphonate (2MeX) in a H2O2/NaOH environment, is studied. Our investigations revealed that the type of surfactant and its form in solution have an impact on the CL kinetic constants and integral efficiencies, while changes in those emission properties resulting from the type of ion (Cl- vs. Br-) are negligible. The major changes were recorded for systems containing surfactants at concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration. The cationic surfactants (CTAC, CTAB) cause a substantial increase in CL emission kinetics and a moderate increase in its integral efficiency. At the same time, the opposite effect is observed in the case of SDS. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that changes in emission parameters are likely due to differences in the binding strength of 2MeX substrate with surfactant molecules, which is higher for SDS than for CTAC. The results can help in rational designing of optimal acridinium CL systems and demonstrate their usefulness in distinguishing the pre- and post-micellar environment and the charge of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Krzymiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.M.); (D.W.); (B.Z.)
| | | | | | - Sergey A. Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.M.); (D.W.); (B.Z.)
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Kręcisz M, Kolniak-Ostek J, Łyczko J, Stępień B. Evaluation of bioactive compounds, volatile compounds, drying process kinetics and selected physical properties of vacuum impregnation celery dried by different methods. Food Chem 2023; 413:135490. [PMID: 36804740 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new healthy snack based on celery root enriched with vegetable juices. Vacuum impregnation was used the task of which was to introduce additional valuable substances, improving properties. Thus, prepared material was dried by various methods (sublimation, vacuum, convection) using optimal conditions for the process. In the tested sample, 41 bioactive compounds and 73 volatile compounds were identified. Vacuum impregnation of celery root in the juices of onion, kale and celery stalks significantly affected the profile of bioactive compounds, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), total phenolic content, antioxidant properties, drying process kinetics and physical properties of the dried products. The highest nutrient values were recorded in celery samples after impregnation with kale and onion juice. Due to its good functional and nutritional properties, the material such as celery obtained as a result vacuum impregnation process can be envisioned as the future in creating novel functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kręcisz
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kolniak-Ostek
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Grain Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Stępień
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection to Simultaneous Analysis of Reference Antioxidants and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in Free Radical Scavenging Test. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148288. [PMID: 35886140 PMCID: PMC9322818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity can be analyzed by various methods, both in vitro and in vivo. The widely used colorimetric method using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging reaction has many limitations, such as interference from photosynthetic pigments naturally found in plant extracts. The DPPH-HPLC eliminates these troubles by enabling the separation of the DPPH free radical (DPPH-R) peak and its reduced form (DPPH-H) from other extract components. However, simultaneous analysis of antioxidants and evaluation of their activity is more complicated. To date, a post-column reaction with DPPH has been used for this purpose. The aim of the current study was the elaboration on a DPPH-RP-HPLC in gradient elution mode for simultaneous evaluation of the antioxidant activity of standards on the basis of DPPH-R peak inhibition, together with the identification of standards, as well as the products of redox reactions. The following antioxidants (AOs) were used as standards: quercetin, resveratrol, Trolox, chlorogenic acid, hesperetin, and coumarin. Flavone was used as the control chemical without antioxidant activity. The separation of the DPPH-R/DPPH-H pair, together with standards and reaction products, was studied on a C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile from 5 to 60% within 20 min. The stability of DPPH was evaluated with different gradient profiles. The influence of the addition of acetic acid in concentrations of 0.05 to 1%, the duration of the analysis, and the radiation emitted by the UV lamp of a diode array detector on the induction of DPPH decomposition processes were investigated. The most significant parameter affecting DPPH stability appeared to be the acidic environment and water content in the mobile phase. An increase in the water content from 70 to 95% worsened the LOD of DPPH-R from 31.64 nM to 107.31 nM, as measured at 517 nm, and from 189.41 to 1677.05 nM at 330 nm. Each gradient profile provided good linearity (R2 = 0.9790–0.9977) of the relationship between the DPPH-R as well as DPPH-H peak areas, and a wide concentration range from 0.5 to 2.5 mM for UV-vis detection. Free radical scavenging activity was expressed by the percentage of DPPH-R peak inhibition at 517 nm. This simple method is suitable for monitoring DPPH radical scavenging by AO standards.
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Kishikawa N, El-Maghrabey M, Nagamune Y, Nagai K, Ohyama K, Kuroda N. A Smart Advanced Chemiluminescence-Sensing Platform for Determination and Imaging of the Tissue Distribution of Natural Antioxidants. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6984-6992. [PMID: 32316724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants have gained marked attention owing to their ability to prevent the oxidation of biological components and to protect the body from reactive oxygen species, thereby maintaining human health. Thus, antioxidant-rich dietary supplements and natural foods can be effective against oxidative stress and can even act as chemopreventive agents. Therefore, a simple and rapid assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity and assessment of their distribution profile in natural sources is vital. Herein, we report a rapid, innovative chemiluminescence (CL) platform for evaluation and visualization of antioxidant capacity. We found that intense and long-lasting CL was formed upon the redox reaction of quinones, e.g., menadione, with antioxidants, e.g., l-ascorbic acid, in the presence of luminol. The produced CL intensities were proportional to the antioxidants' concentrations with a detection limit of 0.18 μM for the model antioxidant, l-ascorbic acid. As the formed CL was long-lasting, it could be easily captured and detected with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. To evaluate the quantification ability of the CCD camera, we developed a smart and fast microplate-based assay based on photographing the generated CL with a cooled CCD camera. The photographed CL intensities were linearly proportional with the antioxidant concentrations, and then the method was applied for photographing multiple food sample extracts. Ultimately, we utilized our method for the distribution profiling of antioxidant capacity in food cut sections. Samples were dipped in luminol and then in quinone, followed by CCD camera photography, without the need for any pulverization/extraction procedure, giving precise antioxidant distribution information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kishikawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yuusuke Nagamune
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaishu Nagai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Naotaka Kuroda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Liu H, He Y, Li N, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu Q. Organic-Inorganic Composite Nanorods as an Excellent Mimicking Peroxidases for Colorimetric Detection and Evaluation of Antioxidant. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2499-2506. [PMID: 35025300 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-Dicarboxy methyl perylene diimide-coated CeO2 nanorods (PDI/CeO2 NR) were synthesized via an ultrasonic-assisted method. PDI/CeO2 exhibits the superb mimic peroxidase functions confirmed by the catalyzed oxidation of TMB by hydrogen peroxide in less than 60 s along with color transformation from colorless to blue. The catalytic mechanism was confirmed to be an electronic transfer mechanism by fluorescence experiment. Thus, a visual colorimetric sensor was constructed for hydrogen peroxide detection with a low detection limit (LOD = 2.23 μM). Comparing the inhibition effects of l-cysteine (Cys), ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) on the catalytic oxidation of TMB, it can be found that they possessed different types of inhibition on the oxidation of TMB by H2O2 using PDI/CeO2, and AA has better antioxidant effect, followed by Cys and GSH. On the basis of the excellent antioxidant effect of AA, a low-cost colorimetric sensor was also used to detect AA, and a lower LOD value (0.68 μM) was obtained in the linear range of 5.0-30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - YanLei He
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhenxue Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology; College of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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Kolniak-Ostek J. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of different anatomical parts of pear (Pyrus communis L.). Food Chem 2016; 203:491-497. [PMID: 26948642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sugar, organic acid, triterpenoid and phenolic composition as well as antioxidant capacity of different anatomical parts of pear were studied. Fruits and leaves of 'Radana' pear (Pyrus communis L.) were used. The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of the pear pulp, peel, leaves and seeds. Fructose was the major sugar in pulp, seeds and peel (227.46, 45.36 and 67.49 g/kg dry mass [DM], respectively), while sorbitol was predominant in leaves (40.66 g/kg DM). Malic acid was the major organic acid, followed by citric and shikimic acids. The highest concentration of triterpenoids (3460.5 μg/g DM) was determined in pear peel, and ursolic acid was predominant. Leaves were characterized by the highest amount of phenolics (5326.7 mg/100 g DM) and the highest DPPH and FRAP values (2027.9 and 3539.6 μmol TE/100 g DM, respectively). Pear leaves and seeds may be selected as potential sources of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolniak-Ostek
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Jia H, Yang D, Han X, Cai J, Liu H, He W. Peroxidase-like activity of the Co3O4 nanoparticles used for biodetection and evaluation of antioxidant behavior. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5938-45. [PMID: 26911916 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured enzyme mimics are of great interest as promising alternatives to artificial enzymes for biomedical and catalytic applications. Studying the chemical interactions between antioxidants and nano-enzymes may result in a better understanding of the antioxidant capability of antioxidants and may help improve the function of artificial enzymes to better mimic natural enzymes. In this study, using Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as peroxidase mimics to catalyze the oxidation of chromophoric substrates by H2O2, we developed a platform that acts as a biosensor for hydrogen peroxide and glucose and that can study the inhibitory effects of natural antioxidants on peroxidase mimics. This method can be applied specifically to glucose detection in real samples. Three natural antioxidants, gallic acid (GA), tannic acid (TA), and ascorbic acid (AA), were compared for their antioxidant capabilities. We found that these three antioxidants efficiently inhibit peroxidase-like activity with concentration dependence. The antioxidants showed different efficiencies, in the following order: tannic acid > gallic acid > ascorbic acid. They also showed distinct modes of inhibition based on different interaction mechanisms. This study serves as a proof-of-concept that nano-enzyme mimics can be used to evaluate antioxidant capabilities and to screen enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, P. R. China.
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Peng WB, Tan JL, Huang DD, Ding XP. On-Line HPLC with Biochemical Detection for Screening Bioactive Compounds in Complex Matrixes. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Du X, Jiang D, Liu Q, Zhu G, Mao H, Wang K. Fabrication of graphene oxide decorated with nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and its enhanced electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive detection of pentachlorophenol. Analyst 2015; 140:1253-9. [PMID: 25554750 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01752h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), as a new class of quantum dots, have potential applications in fuel cells and optoelectronics fields due to their electrocatalytic activity, tunable luminescence and biocompatibility. Herein, a facile hydrothermal approach for cutting nitrogen-doped graphene into NGQDs has been proposed for the first time. The resulting NGQDs were homogeneously modified onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) to form NGQDs-GO nanocomposites. Compared with NGQDs, the as-prepared NGQDs-GO nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performances including 3.8-fold enhancement of ECL intensity and a decrease by 200 mV of the ECL onset potential, which are ascribed to the introduction of GO. Based on the selective inhibitory effect of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the ECL intensity of the NGQDs-GO system, a novel ECL sensor for PCP concentration determination was constructed, with a wide linear response ranging from 0.1 to 10 pg mL(-1) and a detection limit of 0.03 pg mL(-1). The practicability of the sensing platform in real water samples showed satisfactory results, which could open the possibility of using NGQDs-based nanocomposites in the electroanalytical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China.
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Çelik SE, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Çapanoğlu E, Apak R. Identification and anti-oxidant capacity determination of phenolics and their glycosides in elderflower by on-line HPLC-CUPRAC method. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:147-54. [PMID: 24408862 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development and application of an on-line cupric reducing anti-oxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay coupled with HPLC for separation and on-line determination of phenolic anti-oxidants in elderflower (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts for their anti-oxidant capacity are significant for evaluating health-beneficial effects. Moreover, this work aimed to assay certain flavonoid glycosides of elderflower that could not be identified/quantified by other similar on-line HPLC methods (i.e. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl and 2, 2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). OBJECTIVE To identify anti-oxidant constituents in elderflower by HPLC and to evaluate their individual anti-oxidant capacities by on-line HPLC-CUPRAC assay with a post-column derivatisation system. METHODS The separation and UV detection of polyphenols were performed on a C18 -column using gradient elution with two different mobile phase solutions, that is acetonitrile and 1% glacial acetic acid, with detection at 340 nm. The HPLC-separated anti-oxidant polyphenols in column effluent react with copper(II)-neocuproine in a reaction-coil to reduce the latter to copper(I)-neocuproine (Cu(I)-Nc) chelate having maximum absorption at 450 nm. RESULTS The detection limits of tested compounds at 450 nm after post-column derivatisation were compared with those of at 340 nm UV-detection without derivatisation. LOD values (µg/mL) of quercetin and its glycosides at 450 nm were lower than those of UV detection at 340 nm. This method was applied successfully to elderflower extract. The flavonol glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol bound to several sugar components (glucose, rhamnose, galactose and rutinose) were identified in the sample. CONCLUSION The on-line HPLC-CUPRAC method was advantageous over on-line ABTS and DPPH methods for measuring the flavonoid glycosides of elderflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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Potterat O, Hamburger M. Concepts and technologies for tracking bioactive compounds in natural product extracts: generation of libraries, and hyphenation of analytical processes with bioassays. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:546-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Yuan D, Chen S, Yuan R, Zhang J, Zhang W. An electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor prepared with a graphene/multiwall carbon nanotube/gold nanocluster hybrid for the determination of phenolic compounds. Analyst 2013; 138:6001-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bountagkidou O, van der Klift EJ, Tsimidou MZ, Ordoudi SA, van Beek TA. An on-line high performance liquid chromatography-crocin bleaching assay for detection of antioxidants. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1237:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Development of on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-biochemical detection methods as tools in the identification of bioactives. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3101-3133. [PMID: 22489144 PMCID: PMC3317705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical detection (BCD) methods are commonly used to screen plant extracts for specific biological activities in batch assays. Traditionally, bioactives in the most active extracts were identified through time-consuming bio-assay guided fractionation until single active compounds could be isolated. Not only are isolation procedures often tedious, but they could also lead to artifact formation. On-line coupling of BCD assays to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is gaining ground as a high resolution screening technique to overcome problems associated with pre-isolation by measuring the effects of compounds post-column directly after separation. To date, several on-line HPLC-BCD assays, applied to whole plant extracts and mixtures, have been published. In this review the focus will fall on enzyme-based, receptor-based and antioxidant assays.
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Pazourek J, Václavík J, Žemlička M. An optimised method for the rapid measurement and calculation of radical scavenger profiles in plant extracts by HPLC. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Screening for antioxidants in complex matrices using high performance liquid chromatography with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 684:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Zeng H, Yuan Y, Zhou Y. Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Components in the Extract of Puerariae radix Using HPLC Coupled with MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-010-9180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Francis PS, Costin JW, Conlan XA, Bellomarino SA, Barnett JA, Barnett NW. A rapid antioxidant assay based on acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Çelik SE, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Determination of antioxidants by a novel on-line HPLC-cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay with post-column detection. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 674:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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QI J, YU BY. A New Methodology for the Quality Evaluation of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine –Integrated Spectrum-Effect Fin-gerprint Research. Chin J Nat Med 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2010.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Biosensors for the determination of phenolic metabolites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 698:234-40. [PMID: 21520715 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are groups of chemical substances, the most abundant being polyphenols, mainly found in plants, fruits and vegetables. They include flavonoids, flavonoid derivatives, polyphenols, carotenoids and anthocyanins. Currently, the nutritional quality of many foodstuffs is guaranteed by the presence of antioxidant compounds. The importance of these chemicals as indicators and preservatives of nutritional quality makes necessary the development of accurate, versatile and rapid analytical tools necessary to detect their presence in many foodstuffs and to assess their antioxidant efficacy. In this chapter, enzyme-based biosensors such as monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase), catechol oxidase (laccase) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are reviewed. Actually, these biosensors are the most commonly used for the detection of polyphenols and flavonoids content.
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Nobushi Y, Uchikura K. Selective Detection of Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacity Based on Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Detection Using Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) by Flow Injection Analysis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:117-20. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Coupling HPLC to on-line, post-column (bio)chemical assays for high-resolution screening of bioactive compounds from complex mixtures. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Chang YX, Yan DM, Chen LL, Ding XP, Qi J, Kang LY, Zhang BL, Yu BY. Potency fingerprint of herbal products Danshen injection for their quality evaluation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:586-90. [PMID: 19483338 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fingerprint technique has been studied frequently as a useful strategy for quality of traditional Chinese medicine. A novel potency fingerprint that can quantitatively analyze the antioxidant activity of individual constituent and provide the total antioxidant activities of the samples has been developed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet and pyrogallol-luminol chemiluminescence detection (HPLC-diode array detection (DAD)-PLD). Hierarchical clustering analysis has been used as a powerful pattern recognition tool to identify and classify Danshen injection from different factories. In addition, the combination use of the chromatographic fingerprint and potency fingerprint with principal component analysis was applied to quality control of Danshen injection. The results demonstrated that the proposed potency fingerprint was a useful means to control the quality and to clarify the possible mechanism of action of herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xu Chang
- The Key Laboratory for Prescription of National Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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25
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Ding XP, Qi J, Chang YX, Mu LL, Zhu DN, Yu BY. Quality control of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and on-line radical scavenging activity detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Bergonzi MC, Minunni M, Bilia AR. (Bio)Sensor Approach in the Evaluation of Polyphenols in Vegetal Matrices. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800301221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom and have attracted much attention, because of their health benefits and important properties such as radical scavenging, metal chelating agents, inhibitors of lipoprotein oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. Due to their important role in the diet and in therapy, it is important to estimate their content in the different matrices of interest. Besides classical analytical methods, new emerging technologies have also appeared in the last decade aiming for simple and eventually cheap detection of polyphenols. This review focused on the recent applications of biosensing-based technologies for polyphenol estimation in vegetal matrices, using different transduction principles. These analytical tools are generally fast, giving responses in the order of a few seconds/minutes, and also very sensitive and generally selective (mainly depending on the enzyme used). Direct measurements in most of the investigated matrices were possible, both in aqueous and organic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Camilla Bergonzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Minunni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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27
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Louit G, Hanedanian M, Taran F, Coffigny H, Renault JP, Pin S. Determination of hydroxyl rate constants by a high-throughput fluorimetric assay: towards a unified reactivity scale for antioxidants. Analyst 2008; 134:250-5. [PMID: 19173045 DOI: 10.1039/b813871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe in this article the development of a new method for the determination of rate constants of reaction of the hydroxyl radical, generated by radiolysis of water, with almost any possible molecule. It has been designed to provide a fast and reliable screening of antioxidant banks using microplates. Our particular approach is based on the use of the coumarin molecule as a competitor against the tested molecules: after a fast pulse of low dose irradiation, the fluorescence of 7-hydroxycoumarin produced by the oxidation of coumarin is measured and is inversely proportional to the scavenging ability of the tested antioxidant. We have validated our protocol using 32 molecules whose rate constants with HO had already been evaluated and found a good agreement between our rate constants and the latter ones. The scopes and limitations of our method, as well as those of other rate constant determination methods, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Louit
- CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, SCM, Laboratoire de Radiolyse, F-91191 -Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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28
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Antioxidant activity assays on-line with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1210:121-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk E, Nazaruk J, Antypiuk E, Kojło A. Determination of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in Erigeron acris L. extracts and pharmaceutical formulation by flow injection analysis with inhibited chemiluminescent detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:579-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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He D, He S, Zhang Z. A Chemiluminescence Reaction Between Hydroxyl Radical and Rhodamine 6G and its Applications. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701606291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Doronicheva N, Yasui H, Sakurai H. Chemical structure-dependent differential effects of flavonoids on the catalase activity as evaluated by a chemiluminescent method. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:213-7. [PMID: 17268053 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidative activity of flavonoids depends upon a combination of many factors, such as the concentration and chemical structure of the flavonoids and the arrangement of functional groups in their structure. In the present study, to evaluate the antioxidative effect of several types of flavonoids on catalase activity at a physiological H2O2 concentration, a chemiluminescent (CL) method was used. The H2O2/luminol-dependent CL intensity in a system containing 3.7 nM catalase and low concentrations (10-100 nM) of green tea flavanols (epigallocatechin gallate; EGCG and epicatechin gallate; EG) was enhanced in comparison with that of a system without catalase, suggesting that EGCG and EG partially suppressed catalase activity. On the other hand, flavone and flavonols such as rutin (a 3-glycosidic flavone), quercitrin (a 3-glycosidic flavonol), myricetin, and kaempferol (flavonols), respectively, lowered the CL intensity to a greater extent at low concentrations (<0.1 microM) when catalase was present than when catalase was absent, indicating that these flavonoids activate catalase. In addition, isoflavone and flavanone such as daidzein and naringenin, respectively, exhibited weak antioxidative activities against H2O2 without any effect on the catalase activity over a wide range of flavonoid concentrations (0.04-0.4 microM). From these results, it was for the first time suggested that the binding of flavonoids to the heme moiety or a protein region of catalase contributes to the enhancement of catalase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Doronicheva
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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32
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Giokas DL, Vlessidis AG, Evmiridis NP. On-line selective detection of antioxidants free-radical scavenging activity based on Co(II)/EDTA-induced luminol chemiluminescence by flow injection analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 589:59-65. [PMID: 17397653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study establishes a new method to analyze the radical scavenging activity of antioxidants based on the luminol-H(2)O(2)-Co(II)/EDTA chemiluminescence and flow injection analysis. The method is based on the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide by Co(II)/EDTA complex, forming a free radical flux that can produce a stable chemiluminescence signal which is attenuated in the presence of antioxidants. A properly designed FIA manifold and the appropriate regulation of the chemiluminescence-reagent mixture enabled the establishment of a reaction-sensitive analytical procedure that minimizes oxidant-antioxidant interactions while favors the inhibition effect of antioxidants on the free radicals flux. In that manner, the uncontrolled experimental variability induced by side-reactions occurring antagonistically is reduced. The method was examined in-vitro for the continuous monitoring of the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals and antioxidants, which is closer to in-vivo conditions, with three common antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione and uric acid). All three antioxidants were found to inhibit the luminescent signal with strict logarithmic linear mode, yielding calibration curves rectilinear in the range of 5 x 10(-8) - 5 x 10(-5) molL(-1) and detection limits at the 10(-8) molL(-1) levels. The F-statistic was employed to assess the ability of the method to detect differences in the activity of the examined antioxidants. The results suggest that the proposed method can be used efficiently for the detection of free radical activity in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimosthenis L Giokas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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33
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Exarchou V, Fiamegos YC, van Beek TA, Nanos C, Vervoort J. Hyphenated chromatographic techniques for the rapid screening and identification of antioxidants in methanolic extracts of pharmaceutically used plants. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:293-302. [PMID: 16359690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical analysis is an important scientific research area, which normally relies on a number of rather laborious and time-consuming techniques for compound identification. Isolation of the ingredients of plant extracts in adequate quantities for spectral and biological analysis was the basis of this research. In this paper the possibility of on-line rapid screening of antioxidant components in methanolic plant extracts and their subsequent identification is reported. Based exclusively on hyphenated chromatographic techniques the methanolic extracts of Tilia europea, Urtica dioica, Lonicera periclymenum and Hypericum perforatum are initially screened for their antioxidant components via an on-line DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging technique. Structural elucidation of the active analytes is achieved by means of LC-MS and LC-UV-SPE-NMR. After the determination of the appropriate LC gradient, a minimal number of chromatographic runs with these hyphenated techniques are adequate for the acquisition of the necessary data, leading to the identification of the targeted compounds. Based on their UV, NMR and MS spectra, the antioxidant compounds identified in the extracts under study were found to be either flavonoid glycosides or mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids. Although the aim of the study was to show the great potential of the LC-UV-NMR-DPPH/ABTS approach for the rapid screening and identification of plant constituents, the results produced in the course of this study also have some merit by themselves. Some of the compounds detected are reported for the first time in the specific plant extracts.
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34
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Banu S, Greenway GM, Alan Wheatley R. Luminol chemiluminescence induced by immobilised xanthine oxidase. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Molnár-Perl I, Füzfai Z. Chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic and capillary electrochromatographic techniques in the analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:201-27. [PMID: 15909523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An overview is presented of chromatographic methods currently in use to determine flavonoids, including free aglycones, their corresponding glycosides, one by one, and, in the presence of each other. As a basis of selection, the following approaches can be distinguished: critical evaluation of the preliminary steps (extraction/isolation and hydrolysis) as well as the separation, identification and quantitation of constituents both on the basic research level and/or subsequently to various work up procedures. Chromatographic techniques were discussed after extraction/isolation of various flavonoids from several natural matrices. Papers were classified and compared from analytical point of view, primarily on the chromatographic, secondly on the detection techniques applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Molnár-Perl
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, L. Eötvös University, Budapest 112, H-1518, PO Box 32, Hungary.
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36
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Girotti S, Ferri E, Fini F, Bolelli L, Sabatini A, Budini R, Sichertova D. Automated and manual luminescent assay of antioxidant capacity: analytical features by comparison. Talanta 2004; 64:665-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Meunier S, Desage-El Murr M, Nowaczyk S, Le Gall T, Pin S, Renault JP, Boquet D, Créminon C, Saint-Aman E, Valleix A, Taran F, Mioskowski C. A Powerful Antiradiation Compound Revealed by a New High-Throughput Screening Method. Chembiochem 2004; 5:832-40. [PMID: 15174167 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a new high-throughput screening method for the selection of powerful water-soluble antiradiation compounds. This method, which uses conventional immunoassay techniques, allowed the capacity of a given compound to protect thymidine from irradiation to be evaluated. By applying this assay to an antioxidant library, we showed for the first time that norbadione A, a well-known mushroom pigment, has pronounced atypical antiradiation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Meunier
- Service de Marquage Moléculaire et de Chimie Bio-Organique, DBJC/DSV CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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38
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Determination of phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with Ce4+-Tween 20 chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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40
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Costin JW, Barnett NW, Lewis SW, McGillivery DJ. Monitoring the total phenolic/antioxidant levels in wine using flow injection analysis with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Arakawa H, Kanemitsu M, Tajima N, Maeda M. Chemiluminescence assay for catechin based on generation of hydrogen peroxide in basic solution. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Bandoniene D, Murkovic M. The detection of radical scavenging compounds in crude extract of borage (Borago officinalis L.) by using an on-line HPLC-DPPH method. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2002; 53:45-9. [PMID: 12406585 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(02)00091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid evaluation of antioxidant activity of crude borage (Borago officinalis L.) extract was determined by using DPPH free radical method. This borage extract resulted in a rapid decrease of the absorbance and showed very high hydrogen-donating capacity towards the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. A new HPLC-DPPH on-line method was applied for a screening of several radical scavenging components in this borage extract as well as for quantitative analysis. This on-line HPLC-DPPH method was developed using a methanolic solution of DPPH-stable radical. The HPLC-separated analytes reacted post-column with the DPPH solution in methanol. The induced bleaching was detected as a negative peak photometrically at 515 nm. The separation of antioxidative components was carried out by gradient HPLC with mobile-phase composition ranging from 2% to 80% acetonitrile with 2% acetic acid in water, UV detection was carried out at 280 nm. The HPLC analysis of borage extract revealed the presence of several radical scavenging components in the borage extract. The results obtained from the chromatograms suggest that some compounds present in the extract possess high radical quenching ability. The dominant antioxidative compound in the crude extract of borage leaves was identified as rosmarinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Bandoniene
- Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT 3028 Kaunas, Lithuania
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43
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Koleva II, van Beek TA, Linssen JPH, de Groot A, Evstatieva LN. Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2002; 13:8-17. [PMID: 11899609 DOI: 10.1002/pca.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three methods widely employed in the evaluation of antioxidant activity, namely 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) and beta-carotene bleaching test (BCBT), have been compared with regard to their application in the screening of plant extracts. The strengths and limitations of each method have been illustrated by testing a number of extracts, of differing polarity, from plants of the genus Sideritis, and two known antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene and rosmarinic acid). The sample polarity was important for the exhibited activity in the BCBT and HS-GC methods but not for the DPPH method. The complex composition of the extracts and partition phenomena affected their activity in each assay. The value of the BCBT method appears to be limited to less polar samples. Although slow, the HS-GC method is preferable for assessing the antioxidant inhibitory properties on the formation of unwanted secondary volatile products. Being rapid, simple and independent of sample polarity, the DPPH method is very convenient for the quick screening of many samples for radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Koleva
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Koleva II, Niederländer HA, van Beek TA. Application of ABTS radical cation for selective on-line detection of radical scavengers in HPLC eluates. Anal Chem 2001; 73:3373-81. [PMID: 11476238 DOI: 10.1021/ac0013610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The radical cation 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), (ABTS*+) was utilized in an on-line HPLC method for the detection of radical scavengers in complex matrixes. The HPLC-separated analytes react postcolumn with the preformed ABTS*+, and the induced bleaching is detected as a negative peak by an absorbance detector at 734 nm. An optimized instrumental and experimental setup is presented. The method is suitable for both isocratic and gradient HPLC runs using mobile phases containing 100% organic solvent or its solution in water, weak acids, or buffers (pH 3-7.4). The method is sensitive, selective, relatively simple, applicable to compounds of different chemical natures; uses common instruments and inexpensive reagents; and has a time-saving, nonlaborious experimental protocol. It can also be used for quantitative analysis. The method was applied to several pure natural antioxidants and plant extracts. The minimum detectable concentration varied from 0.02 to 0.13 microg/mL, depending on the compound tested. The method can be applied to perform kinetic studies, which is illustrated by determination of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) of several known antioxidants in flow injection mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Koleva
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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45
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Imabayashi SI, Kong YT, Watanabe M. Amperometric Biosensor for Polyphenol Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Gold Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200104)13:5<408::aid-elan408>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Dapkevicius A, van Beek TA, Niederländer HA. Evaluation and comparison of two improved techniques for the on-line detection of antioxidants in liquid chromatography eluates. J Chromatogr A 2001; 912:73-82. [PMID: 11307989 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two methods for the on-line detection in HPLC eluates of analytes possessing radical scavenging activity were improved and compared. The instrumental set-up of the method that is based on on-line inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence (CL) by antioxidants was improved using better quality syringe pumps, employing a diode array detector, and introducing a mixing/neutralisation coil and a pulse damper. Sensitivity of the HPLC-CL detection increased by a factor of 4. Post-column neutralisation of eluates improved compatibility of this detection method with acidified HPLC eluents. The second method, which is based on the post-column quenching of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*), was improved by readjusting composition and flow-rate of the reagent, mounting an additional pulse damper and detecting unreacted DPPH* with a detector equipped with a tungsten lamp. Purging of the DPPH* solution with He gas prior to analysis was introduced. This led to 30-fold better detection limits. The improved methods were compared with respect to limits of detection, the radical scavenging mechanism involved, compatibility with common HPLC solvents and pH range, and some technical aspects. The techniques described have high potential for the rapid identification of radical scavengers in complex samples like plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dapkevicius
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Phytochemical Section, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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47
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Abstract
An overview of analytical methods for the measurement of biologically important tea catechins is presented. Liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are the most cited techniques for catechin separation, identification and quantitation. Liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection is frequently used; however, mass spectrometry, electrochemical, fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection are also utilized in cases where more sensitive or selective detection is needed. Two modes of capillary electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, have been employed for the determination of catechins. Both modes of capillary electrophoresis are based on ultraviolet detection. Additional analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, paper chromatography, spectrophotometry, biosensing, chemiluminescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have also been utilized for the determination of catechins and are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Dalluge
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA.
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48
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Koleva II, Niederländer HA, van Been TA. An on-line HPLC method for detection of radical scavenging compounds in complex mixtures. Anal Chem 2000; 72:2323-8. [PMID: 10845381 DOI: 10.1021/ac9912451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid on-line method for screening of complex mixtures for radical scavenging components was developed using a methanolic solution of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical. The HPLC-separated analytes react postcolumn with the DPPH solution, and the induced bleaching is detected as a negative peak by an absorbance detector at 517 nm. An optimized instrumental setup is presented. The method is suitable for both isocratic and gradient HPLC runs with mobile-phase compositions ranging from 10 to 90% organic solvent in water or buffer (pH 3-6). The method is simple, has a broad applicability, and uses common instruments, inexpensive and stable reagents, and a time-saving and nonlaborious experimental protocol. It can also be used for quantitative analysis. The method was applied to several pure natural antioxidants and plant extracts. The limits of detection were 0.33-94 microg/mL, depending on the compound tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Koleva
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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49
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Merken HM, Beecher GR. Measurement of food flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography: A review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:577-99. [PMID: 10725120 DOI: 10.1021/jf990872o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoids are plant polyphenols found frequently in fruits, vegetables, and grains. Divided into several subclasses, they include the anthocyanidins, pigments chiefly responsible for the red and blue colors in fruits, fruit juices, wines, and flowers; the catechins, concentrated in tea; the flavanones and flavanone glycosides, found in citrus and honey; and the flavones, flavonols, and flavonol glycosides, found in tea, fruits, vegetables, and honey. Known for their hydrogen-donating antioxidant activity as well as their ability to complex divalent transition metal cations, flavonoids are propitious to human health. Computer-controlled high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become the analytical method of choice. Many systems have been developed for the detection and quantification of flavonoids across one, two, or three subclasses. A summary of the various HPLC and sample preparation methods that have been employed to quantify individual flavonoids within a subclass or across several subclasses are tabulated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Merken
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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