1
|
Betlej I, Antczak A, Szadkowski J, Drożdżek M, Krajewski K, Radomski A, Zawadzki J, Borysiak S. Evaluation of the Hydrolysis Efficiency of Bacterial Cellulose Gel Film after the Liquid Hot Water and Steam Explosion Pretreatments. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102032. [PMID: 35631914 PMCID: PMC9146238 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of bacterial cellulose gel film pretreatment methods on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. An increase in the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis due to liquid hot water pretreatment or steam explosion was shown. The glucose yield of 88% was obtained from raw, non-purified, bacterial cellulose treated at 130 °C. The results confirm the potential of bacterial cellulose gel film as a source for liquid biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Betlej
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szadkowski
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Drożdżek
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Radomski
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zawadzki
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MARECIK ROMAN, BŁASZCZYK LIDIA, BIEGAŃSKA-MARECIK RÓŻA, PIOTROWSKA-CYPLIK AGNIESZKA. Screening and Identification of Trichoderma Strains Isolated from Natural Habitats with Potential to Cellulose and Xylan Degrading Enzymes Production. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 67:181-190. [PMID: 30015456 PMCID: PMC7256729 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 123 Trichoderma strains were isolated from different habitats and tested for their ability to degrade cellulose and xylan by simple plate screening method. Among strains, more than 34 and 45% respectively, exhibited higher cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity, compared to the reference strain T. reesei QM 9414. For strains efficiently degrading cellulose, a highest enzyme activity was confirmed using filter paper test, and it resulted in a range from 1.01 to 7.15 FPU/ml. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, the isolates were identified as Trichoderma. The most frequently identified strains belonged to Trichoderma harzianum species. Among all strains, the most effective in degradation of cellulose and xylose was T. harzianum and T. virens, especially those isolated from forest wood, forest soil or garden and mushroom compost. The results of this work confirmed that numerous strains from the Trichoderma species have high cellulose and xylan degradation potential and could be useful for lignocellulose biomass conversion e.g. for biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ROMAN MARECIK
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - LIDIA BŁASZCZYK
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - RÓŻA BIEGAŃSKA-MARECIK
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hyeon JE, Shin SK, Han SO. Design of nanoscale enzyme complexes based on various scaffolding materials for biomass conversion and immobilization. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1386-1396. [PMID: 27783468 PMCID: PMC5132044 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of scaffolds for enzyme immobilization involves advanced bionanotechnology applications in biorefinery fields, which can be achieved by optimizing the function of various enzymes. This review presents various current scaffolding techniques based on proteins, microbes and nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization, as well as the impact of these techniques on the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials. Among them, architectural scaffolds have applied to useful strategies for protein engineering to improve the performance of immobilized enzymes in several industrial and research fields. In complexed enzyme systems that have critical roles in carbon metabolism, scaffolding proteins assemble different proteins in relatively durable configurations and facilitate collaborative protein interactions and functions. Additionally, a microbial strain, combined with designer enzyme complexes, can be applied to the immobilizing scaffold because the in vivo immobilizing technique has several benefits in enzymatic reaction systems related to both synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Furthermore, with the advent of nanotechnology, nanomaterials possessing ideal physicochemical characteristics, such as mass transfer resistance, specific surface area and efficient enzyme loading, can be applied as novel and interesting scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Intelligent application of various scaffolds to couple with nanoscale engineering tools and metabolic engineering technology may offer particular benefits in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of BiotechnologyKorea University02841SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of BiotechnologyKorea University02841SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of BiotechnologyKorea University02841SeoulRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anderson LN, Culley DE, Hofstad BA, Chauvigné-Hines LM, Zink EM, Purvine SO, Smith RD, Callister SJ, Magnuson JM, Wright AT. Activity-based protein profiling of secreted cellulolytic enzyme activity dynamics in Trichoderma reesei QM6a, NG14, and RUT-C30. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:2992-3000. [PMID: 24121482 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has great promise as a highly abundant and renewable source for the production of biofuels. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose toward hydrolysis into soluble sugars remains a significant challenge to harnessing the potential of this source of bioenergy. A primary method for deconstructing lignocellulose is via chemical treatments, high temperatures, and hydrolytic enzyme cocktails, many of which are derived from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Herein, we use an activity-based probe for glycoside hydrolases to rapidly identify optimal conditions for maximum enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction. We also demonstrate that subtle changes to enzyme composition and activity in various strains of T. reesei can be readily characterized by our probe approach. The approach also permits multimodal measurements, including fluorescent gel-based analysis of activity in response to varied conditions and treatments, and mass spectrometry-based quantitative identification of labelled proteins. We demonstrate the promise this probe approach holds to facilitate rapid production of enzyme cocktails for high-efficiency lignocellulose deconstruction to accommodate high-yield biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chundawat SPS, Lipton MS, Purvine SO, Uppugundla N, Gao D, Balan V, Dale BE. Proteomics-based compositional analysis of complex cellulase-hemicellulase mixtures. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4365-72. [PMID: 21678892 DOI: 10.1021/pr101234z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient deconstruction of cellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars for fuel and chemical production is accomplished by a complex mixture of cellulases, hemicellulases, and accessory enzymes (e.g., >50 extracellular proteins). Cellulolytic enzyme mixtures, produced industrially mostly using fungi like Trichoderma reesei, are poorly characterized in terms of their protein composition and its correlation to hydrolytic activity on cellulosic biomass. The secretomes of commercial glycosyl hydrolase-producing microbes was explored using a proteomics approach with high-throughput quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we show that proteomics-based spectral counting approach is a reasonably accurate and rapid analytical technique that can be used to determine protein composition of complex glycosyl hydrolase mixtures that also correlates with the specific activity of individual enzymes present within the mixture. For example, a strong linear correlation was seen between Avicelase activity and total cellobiohydrolase content. Reliable, quantitative and cheaper analytical methods that provide insight into the cellulosic biomass degrading fungal and bacterial secretomes would lead to further improvements toward commercialization of plant biomass-derived fuels and chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishir P S Chundawat
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University , 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gupta R, Baldock SJ, Fielden PR, Grieve BD. A specific, robust, and automated method for routine at-line monitoring of the concentration of cellulases in genetically modified sugarcane plants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:528-39. [PMID: 21136205 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bagasse is one of the waste crop materials highlighted as commercially viable for cellulosic bio-ethanol production via enzymatic conversion to release fermentable sugars. Genetically modified sugarcane expressing cellobiohydrolases (CBH), endoglucanase (EG), and β-glucosidases (BG) provide a more cost-effective route to cellulose breakdown compared to culturing these enzymes in microbial tanks. Hence, process monitoring of the concentration profile of these key cellulases in incoming batches of sugarcane is required for fiscal measures and bio-ethanol process control. The existing methods due to their non-specificity, requirement of trained analysts, low sample throughput, and low amenability to automation are unsuitable for this purpose. Therefore, this paper explores a membrane-based sample preparation method coupled to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to quantify these enzymes. The maximum enzyme extraction efficiency was obtained by using a polyethersulfone membrane with molecular cut-off of 10 kDa. The use of 15 mM, pH 7.75, phosphate buffer resulted in CZE separation and quantification of CBH, EG, and BG within 10 min. Migration time reproducibility was between 0.56% and 0.7% and hence, suitable for use with automatic peak detection software. Therefore, the developed CZE method is suitable for at-line analysis of BG, CBH, and EG in every batch of harvested sugarcane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Gupta
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M139PL, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Isotachophoresis-based sample preparation of cellulases in sugarcane juice using bovine serum albumin as a model protein. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8026-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Jeon E, Hyeon JE, Sung Eun L, Park BS, Kim SW, Lee J, Han SO. Cellulosic alcoholic fermentation using recombinantSaccharomyces cerevisiaeengineered for the production ofClostridium cellulovoransendoglucanase andSaccharomycopsis fibuligeraβ-glucosidase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 301:130-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
9
|
Feng Y, Jiang JX, Zhu LW. Recent developments in activities, utilization and sources of cellulase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11632-009-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang HR, Liu X, Li D, Li R. Effect of oligosaccharide accumulated in the coagulation bath on the lyocell fiber process during industrial production. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Krogh K, Kastberg H, Jørgensen C, Berlin A, Harris P, Olsson L. Cloning of a GH5 endoglucanase from genus Penicillium and its binding to different lignins. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Kapasakalidis PG, Rastall RA, Gordon MH. Effect of a cellulase treatment on extraction of antioxidant phenols from black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) pomace. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4342-4351. [PMID: 19354247 DOI: 10.1021/jf8029176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a commercial cellulase preparation on phenol liberation and extraction from black currant pomace was studied. The enzyme used, which was from Trichoderma spp., was an effective "cellulase-hemicellulase" blend with low β-glucosidase activity and various side activities. Enzyme treatment significantly increased plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation as well as increasing the availability of phenols for subsequent methanolic extraction. The release of anthocyanins and other phenols was dependent on reaction parameters, including enzyme dosage, temperature, and time. At 50 °C, anthocyanin yields following extraction increased by 44% after 3 h and by 60% after 1.5 h for the lower and higher enzyme/substrate ratio (E/S), respectively. Phenolic acids were more easily released in the hydrolytic mixture (supernatant) and, although a short hydrolysis time was adequate to release hydroxybenzoic acids (HBA), hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) required longer times. The highest E/S value of 0.16 gave a significant increase of flavonol yields in all samples. The antioxidant capacity of extracts, assessed by scavenging of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and the ferric reducing antioxidant potential depended on the concentration and composition of the phenols present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petros G Kapasakalidis
- Department of Food Biosciences, School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deshpande P, Nair S, Khedkar S. Water Hyacinth as Carbon Source for the Production of Cellulase by Trichoderma reesei. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 158:552-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
A Possible Industrial Solution to Ferment Lignocellulosic Hydrolyzate to Ethanol: Continuous Cultivation with Flocculating Yeast. Int J Mol Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/i8090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
15
|
Borissova M, Vaher M, Koel M, Kaljurand M. Capillary zone electrophoresis on chemically bonded imidazolium based salts. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1160:320-5. [PMID: 17493627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, fused-silica capillaries were chemically modified with an analogue of the imidazole-based ionic liquid and zwitterionic salt. The coated capillaries were examined for the behavior of the electroosmotic flow in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. The electroosmotic flow in the capillary coated with an ionic liquid analogue was found to be anodic (reversed) and dependent on the pH of the separation buffer. In the case of a zwitterionic capillary, the electroosmotic flow was cathodic and its velocity remained almost constant in the pH range of 4-7. The zeta-potentials of the modified surfaces were also calculated. The effectiveness of coating was investigated by comparing a separation of five inorganic ions and seven alkylphosphonic acids/monoesters in the modified and uncoated capillaries. All separations were successfully carried out in simple buffers and completed during a short analysis time. Finally, the run-to-run and day-to-day reproducibility of the coated capillaries in terms of the migration time of a neutral marker was determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borissova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Production of cellulases by Penicillium brasilianum IBT 20888—Effect of substrate on hydrolytic performance. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Sjöberg J, Potthast A, Rosenau T, Kosma P, Sixta H. Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Polysaccharide Composition in Cellulosic Fiber Materials by Enzymatic Peeling/High-Performance Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:3146-51. [PMID: 16283739 DOI: 10.1021/bm050471j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combined enzymatic, chemical, and analytical approach was used to determine the cross-sectional carbohydrate composition in cellulosic fibers. The outer surface of cellulosic fibers was enzymatically removed layer-by-layer with precise quantitative control, and the monosaccharides in the peelings were subsequently analyzed by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) after precolumn derivatization with a UV label. This method was applied to dissolving pulps and regenerated cellulose fibers, with special emphasis on the cross-sectional distribution of hemicelluloses. Commercially available enzyme solutions were used, resulting in a reproducible peeling. Significant differences were found in the hemicellulose distribution across the fiber of different dissolving pulps, dependent on both natural source (beech or spruce) and preparation process (acidic sulfite cook or prehydrolysis kraft cook). Among the dissolving pulps, beech prehydrolysis kraft pulp showed the highest enrichment of surface xylan. Similar, albeit smaller, differences were noticed between various regenerated fibers (viscose, viscose Modal, and Lyocell): a thin hemicellulose-rich outermost layer was found in all the regenerated fibers studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Sjöberg
- Department of Chemistry & Christian-Doppler-Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jørgensen H, Mørkeberg A, Krogh KB, Olsson L. Production of cellulases and hemicellulases by three Penicillium species: effect of substrate and evaluation of cellulase adsorption by capillary electrophoresis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Kittell J, Borup B, Voladari R, Zahn K. Parallel capillary electrophoresis for the quantitative screening of fermentation broths containing natural products. Metab Eng 2005; 7:53-8. [PMID: 15721810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Directed molecular evolution is a recursive process of controlled genetic diversification and functional screening. The success of this approach is dependent on both the quality of the genetic diversity and the ability to accurately screen a large population of individual genetic variants for those having improved function. In this paper, the application of parallel capillary electrophoresis to rapidly quantitate lovastatin production levels by Aspergillus terreus mutants is described. A parallel 96 capillary instrument analyzed 900 samples in 8 h. with a 100 mM MES at pH 5.2 running buffer. In this manner, the fermentation broths of thousands of mutated strains were efficiently and inexpensively screened for increased lovastatin production. The ability to develop high-throughput methods to both separate and quantitate the components of complex mixtures greatly facilitates the ability to apply evolutionary engineering methods to complex biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kittell
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscott Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kabel MA, van der Maarel MJEC, Klip G, Voragen AGJ, Schols HA. Standard assays do not predict the efficiency of commercial cellulase preparations towards plant materials. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 93:56-63. [PMID: 16196058 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Commercial cellulase preparations are potentially effective for processing biomass feedstocks in order to obtain bioethanol. In plant cell walls, cellulose fibrils occur in close association with xylans (monocotyls) or xyloglucans (dicotyls). The enzymatic conversion of cellulose/xylans is a complex process involving the concerted action of exo/endocellulases and cellobiases yielding glucose and xylanases yielding xylooligomers and xylose. An overview of commonly measured cellulase-, cellobiase-, and xylanase-activity, using respectively filter paper, cellobiose, and AZCL-dyed xylan as a substrate of 14 commercially available enzyme preparations from several suppliers is presented. In addition to these standardized tests, the enzyme-efficiency of degrading native substrates was studied. Grass and wheat bran were fractionated into a water unsoluble fraction (WUS), which was free of oligosaccharides and starch. Additionally, cellulose- and xylan-rich fractions were prepared by alkaline extraction of the WUS and were enzymatically digested. Hereby, the capability of cellulose and xylan conversion of the commercial enzyme preparations tested was measured. The results obtained showed that there was a large difference in the performance of the fourteen enzyme samples. Comparing all results, it was concluded that the choice of an enzyme preparation is more dependent on the characteristics of the substrate rather than on standard enzyme-activities measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A Kabel
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bomenweg 2, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|