1
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Fluorogenic toolbox for facile detecting of hydroxyl radicals: From designing principles to diagnostics applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Reactive oxygen species, the trident of Neptune in the hands of hecate; role in different diseases, signaling pathways, and detection methods. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 728:109357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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Xie Y, Yang L, Chen X, Zhao H, Cao G, Li X, Bai L, Meng S, Wang R. The role of iron present in water environment in degradation of polyamide membranes by free chlorine. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Ozawa T, Nakanishi I. Commentary for an article on spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radical: Practical aspect. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 720:109153. [PMID: 35247362 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This commentary describes a highly cited paper by Eli Finkelstein, Gerald M. Rosen, and Elmer J. Raukman that appeared in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics published in 1980. They reviewed many reports being regularly appearing in the literature describing spin trapping and hydroxyl radicals from various sources and contributed to the development and progress that has been made in oxidative stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ozawa
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 9-4-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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5
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Commentary for an article on spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radical: practical aspect. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 726:109191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Vileno B, Port-Lougarre Y, Giménez-Arnau E. Electron paramagnetic resonance and spin trapping to detect free radicals from allergenic hydroperoxides in contact with the skin: from the molecule to the tissue. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86:241-253. [PMID: 34982482 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A major research topic consists of revealing the contribution of radical-mediated reactions in dermatological diseases related to xenobiotic-induced stress, to succeed risk assessment procedures protecting producers and consumers. Allergic contact dermatitis is the clinically relevant consequence of skin sensitization, one of the most critical occupational and environmental health issues related to xenobiotics exposure. The first key event identified for the skin sensitization process to a chemical is its aptitude to react with epidermal proteins and form antigenic structures that will further trigger the immune response. Many chemical sensitizers are suspected to react through mechanisms involving radical intermediates. This review focuses on recent progress we have accomplished over the last few years studying radical intermediates derived from skin sensitizing chemicals by electron paramagnetic resonance in combination with the spin trapping technique. Our work is carried out "from the molecule", performing studies in solution, "to the tissue", by the development of a methodology on a reconstructed human epidermis model, very close in terms of histology and metabolic/enzymatic activity to real human epidermis, that can be used as suitable biological tissue model. The benefits are to test chemicals under conditions close to human use and real-life sensitization exposures and benefit from the 3D microenvironment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Vileno
- POMAM Laboratory, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Port-Lougarre
- Dermatochemistry Laboratory, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elena Giménez-Arnau
- Dermatochemistry Laboratory, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Anzai K. [Generation, Detection and Bio-protection of Reactive Oxygen Species/Free Radicals]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1359-1372. [PMID: 34853208 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, generation, detection and protection of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radicals in relation to the author's research over about 20 years are reviewed. ROS/free radicals are generally generated physically, chemically and biologically, and they are harmful to living organisms by inducing various disorders and diseases. To prevent the harmful effects of ROS/free radicals, antioxidants are believed to be useful. Among many methods to detect ROS/free radicals, ESR technique is a direct method and is described in detail in this review. Several topics such as the production of ROS/free radicals by low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma, the evaluation of antioxidant activity using hemolysis of erythrocytes and the protective effects of antioxidants against X-ray induced damage to mice, are presented.
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8
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Facile preparation of solid dispersions by dissolving drugs in N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and photopolymerization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 124:112063. [PMID: 33947557 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug solid dispersions improve the dissolution of drugs in aqueous media for enhancement of oral bioavailability. The current preparation methods of drug solid dispersions mainly involve the evaporation of solvents or the melting of drugs and matrix. Here, we create a new and simple method for the preparation of drug solid dispersions by dissolving drugs in N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and then NVP photopolymerization. A variety of drugs were explored to find whether they were suitable for this method and only some of them were soluble in NVP and formed transparent and hard solid dispersions, including fluconazole, ketoconazole, bifonazole, miconazole nitrate, sulfamethoxazole, aspirin, ibuprofen and artesunate. The formation of photocuring solid dispersions was highly related to the free radical scavenging function of drugs. Those drugs with strong free radical scavenging capability, including curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, genistein, puerarin, nicergoline, olanzapine, indomethacin, did not form solid dispersions. They scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals, which was demonstrated by ultraviolet spectrometry and electron spin resonance. The scavenging of free radicals stopped the chain polymerization of NVP. The Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry of ibuprofen solid dispersions and artesunate solid dispersions showed the molecularly miscible state of the drugs and the hydrogen bonding between the drugs and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The NVP-based solid dispersions of the two drugs had faster and more complete dissolution than their traditional solid dispersions. The NVP photopolymerization-based solid dispersion method provides a new choice for the production of solid dispersions in the research and industrial fields.
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9
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Detection of Superoxide Radical in Adherent Living Cells by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy Using Cyclic Nitrones. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32857354 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0896-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin trapping with cyclic nitrones coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) enables the detection and characterization of oxygen-derived free radicals, such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, in living cells. Detection is usually performed on cell suspensions introduced in glass capillaries, gas-permeable tubing, or flat cells, even when cells normally require attachment for growth. However, radical production may be influenced by cell adhesion, while enzymatic or mechanical cell harvesting may damage the cells and alter their metabolic rates. Here, we describe the detection on adherent cells attached to microscope coverslip glasses. This method preserves cell integrity, ensures near physiological conditions for naturally adherent cells, and is relatively simple to set up. Up to 12 conditions can be screened in half a day using a single batch of culture cells.
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10
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Gotham JP, Li R, Tipple TE, Lancaster JR, Liu T, Li Q. Quantitation of spin probe-detectable oxidants in cells using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: To probe or to trap? Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:84-94. [PMID: 32376456 PMCID: PMC7368495 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with spin traps/probes enables quantitative determination of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). Even with numerous studies using spin probes, the methodology has not been rigorously investigated. The autoxidation of spin probes has been commonly overlooked. Using the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH), the present study has tested the effects of metal chelators, temperature, and oxygen content on the autoxidation of spin probes, where an optimized condition is refined for cell studies. The apparent rate of CMH autoxidation under this condition is 7.01 ± 1.60 nM/min, indicating low sensitivity and great variation of the CMH method and that CMH autoxidation rate should be subtracted from the generation rate of CMH-detectable oxidants (simplified as oxidants below) in samples. Oxidants in RAW264.7 cells are detected at an initial rate of 4.0 ± 0.7 pmol/min/106 cells, which is not considered as the rate of basal oxidants generation because the same method has failed to detect oxidant generation from the stimulation of phorbol-12-mysirate-13-acetate (PMA, 0.1 nmol/106 cells) in cells (2.5 ± 0.9 for PMA vs. 2.1 ± 1.5 pmol/min/106 cells for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated cells). In contrast, the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), which exhibits minimal autoxidation, reveals differences between PMA and DMSO treatment (0.26 ± 0.09 vs. -0.06 ± 0.12 pmol/min/106 cells), which challenges previous claims that spin probes are more sensitive than spin traps. We have also found that low temperature EPR measurements of frozen samples of CMH autoxidation provide lower signal intensity and greater variation compared to RT measurements of fresh samples. The current study establishes an example for method development of RNOS detection, where experimental details are rigorously considered and tested, and raises questions on the applications of spin probes and spin traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gotham
- Science and Technology Honors College, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Trent E Tipple
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Medicine, and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Taiming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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11
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Ji WO, Lee MH, Kim GH, Kim EH. Quantitation of the ROS production in plasma and radiation treatments of biotargets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19837. [PMID: 31882663 PMCID: PMC6934759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical treatment utilizing non-thermal plasma is based on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their interactions with biomatters. On the basis of empirical data from practices, plasma treatment has been planned with regard to the setup of a plasma generator's parameters, including gas combination, gas-flow rate, and applied voltage. In this study, we quantitated plasma treatment in terms of the plasma dose on the target matter, which can be contrasted with the radiation dose to targets under radiation exposure. We measured the OH radical production in cell culture medium and intracellular ROS production from plasma treatment in comparison with those from X-ray exposure. The clonogenic cell deaths from plasma and X-ray exposures were also compared. In plasma treatment, the clonogenic cell death was better predicted by intracellular ROS production rather than by medium OH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ook Ji
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon-Ho Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Albrecht S, Elpelt A, Kasim C, Reble C, Mundhenk L, Pischon H, Hedtrich S, Witzel C, Lademann J, Zastrow L, Beckers I, Meinke MC. Quantification and characterization of radical production in human, animal and 3D skin models during sun irradiation measured by EPR spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:299-308. [PMID: 30576782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sun radiation is indispensable to our health, however, a long term and high exposure could lead to erythema, premature skin aging and promotion of skin tumors. An underlying pathomechanism is the formation of free radicals. First, reactive oxygen species (*OH, *O2-) and then, secondary lipid oxygen species (C centered radicals, CCR) are formed. A high amount of free radicals results in oxidative stress with subsequent cell damage. In dermatological research different skin models are used, however, comparative data about the cutaneous radical formation are missing. In this study, the radical formation in porcine-, (SKH-1) murine-, human- ex vivo skin and reconstructed human skin (RHS) were investigated during simulated sun irradiation (305-2200 nm), with X-band EPR spectroscopy. The amount of radical formation was investigated with the spin probe PCA exposed to a moderate sun dose below one minimal erythema dose (MED, ~25 mJ/cm2 UVB) in all skin models. Furthermore, the *OH and *CCR radical concentrations were measured with the spin trap DMPO within 0-4 MED (porcine-, human skin and RHS). The highest amount of radicals was found in RHS followed by murine and porcine, and the lowest amount in human ex vivo skin. In all skin models, more *OH than CCR radicals were found at 0-4 MED. Additionally, this work addresses the limitations in the characterization with the spin trap DMPO. The measurements have shown that the most comparable skin model to in vivo human skin could differ depending on the focus of the investigation. If the amount of radial production is regarded, RHS seems to be in a similar range like in vivo human skin. If the investigation is focused on the radical type, porcine skin is most comparable to ex vivo human skin, at an irradiation dose not exceeding 1 MED. Here, no comparison to in vivo human skin is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Albrecht
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anja Elpelt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ceyda Kasim
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 76, 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Carina Reble
- Courage + Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Mathias-Brüggen-Str. 91, 50829 Köln, Germany.
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hannah Pischon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Witzel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Leonhard Zastrow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Beckers
- Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Luxemburger Straße 10, 3353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Lien J, Su M, Guo T. Identification of Individual Reaction Steps in Complex Radical Reactions Involving Gold Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3328-3333. [PMID: 30488554 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A triple-jump model is invoked to help identify individual reaction steps in complex chemical reactions involving radical reactants in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The model consists of three sequential reaction phases: production of radicals, stabilization of radicals, and conversion from radical intermediates to final products. Isolated reaction phases were studied with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. As examples of the model, we investigated the spin trapping reaction with BMPO and the hydroxylation of 3-CCA, and the results supported the model. For X-ray irradiation of gold nanoparticle aqueous solutions, hydroxyl radicals were found to be scavenged by nanoparticles in the first phase. The stabilization phase was largely unaffected by gold nanoparticles, whereas conversion of radical intermediates was catalyzed. Such a step-wise model is thus proven useful for determining the exact catalytic step in the presence of nanoparticle catalysts in complex reactions such as DNA strand breaks, polymerization and hydroxylation that are important to many fields including X-ray nanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lien
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Mengqi Su
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Ting Guo
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616, United States
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Ji J, Li XY, Xu J, Yang XY, Meng HS, Yan ZR. Zn-Fe-rich granular sludge carbon (GSC) for enhanced electrocatalytic removal of bisphenol A (BPA) and Rhodamine B (RhB) in a continuous-flow three-dimensional electrode reactor (3DER). Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Pietraforte D, Paulicelli E, Patrono C, Gambardella L, Scorza G, Testa A, Fattibene P. Protein oxidative damage and redox imbalance induced by ionising radiation in CHO cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:465-479. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1446529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Pietraforte
- Core Facilities, EPR Area, Italian Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Italian Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clarice Patrono
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Italian Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scorza
- Core Facilities, EPR Area, Italian Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Testa
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fattibene
- Core Facilities, EPR Area, Italian Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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16
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Nawab A, Nichols A, Klug R, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. Spin Trapping: A Review for the Study of Obesity Related Oxidative Stress and Na +/K +-ATPase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8. [PMID: 28815154 PMCID: PMC5555609 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained attention with mounting evidence of their importance in cell signaling and various disease states. ROS is produced continuously as a natural by-product of normal oxygen metabolism. However, high levels ROS causes oxidative stress and damage to biomolecules. This results in loss of protein function, DNA cleavage, lipid peroxidation, or ultimately cell injury or death. Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic; studies show fat accumulation is associated with increased ROS and oxidative stress. Evidence exists supporting oxidative stress as a factor driving forward insulin resistance (IR), potentially resulting in diabetes. Na+/K+-ATPase signaling is also a potential source of ROS promoting oxidative stress. The best way to observe radical species in biological systems is electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with spin trapping. EPR spin trapping is an important technique to study the mechanisms driving disease states attributed to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Nawab
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Alexandra Nichols
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Rebecca Klug
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, USA
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17
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Lei K, Sun M, Du L, Zhang X, Yu H, Wang S, Hayat T, Alsaedi A. Sensitive determination of endogenous hydroxyl radical in live cell by a BODIPY based fluorescent probe. Talanta 2017; 170:314-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Bactericidal effect of hydroxyl radicals generated by the sonolysis and photolysis of hydrogen peroxide for endodontic applications. Microb Pathog 2017; 103:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Li X, Wu Y, Zhu W, Xue F, Qian Y, Wang C. Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of synthetic dyeing wastewater using SnO 2 -Sb-doped TiO 2 -coated granular activated carbon electrodes with high hydroxyl radical yields. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Use of spin traps to detect superoxide production in living cells by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Methods 2016; 109:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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21
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Gottselig SM, Dunn-Horrocks SL, Woodring KS, Coufal CD, Duong T. Advanced oxidation process sanitization of eggshell surfaces. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1356-62. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Mattila H, Khorobrykh S, Havurinne V, Tyystjärvi E. Reactive oxygen species: Reactions and detection from photosynthetic tissues. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:176-214. [PMID: 26498710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been recognized as compounds with dual roles. They cause cellular damage by reacting with biomolecules but they also function as agents of cellular signaling. Several different oxygen-containing compounds are classified as ROS because they react, at least with certain partners, more rapidly than ground-state molecular oxygen or because they are known to have biological effects. The present review describes the typical reactions of the most important ROS. The reactions are the basis for both the detection methods and for prediction of reactions between ROS and biomolecules. Chemical and physical methods used for detection, visualization and quantification of ROS from plants, algae and cyanobacteria will be reviewed. The main focus will be on photosynthetic tissues, and limitations of the methods will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Mattila
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sergey Khorobrykh
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Havurinne
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Deletioglu V, Tuncay E, Toy A, Atalay M, Turan B. Immuno-spin trapping detection of antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties of zinc or selenium on DNA and protein radical formation via hydrogen peroxide. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 409:23-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abbas K, Hardy M, Poulhès F, Karoui H, Tordo P, Ouari O, Peyrot F. Medium-throughput ESR detection of superoxide production in undetached adherent cells using cyclic nitrone spin traps. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1122-8. [PMID: 25968949 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1045504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Spin trapping with cyclic nitrones coupled to electron spin resonance (ESR) is recognized as a specific method of detection of oxygen free radicals in biological systems, especially in culture cells. In this case, the detection is usually performed on cell suspensions, which is however unsuitable when adhesion influences free radical production. Here, we performed ESR detection of superoxide with four spin traps (5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, DEPMPO; 5-diisopropoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, DIPPMPO; (4R*, 5R*)-5-(diisopropyloxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-4-[({[2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethyl]carbamoyl}oxy)methyl]pyrroline N-oxide bromide, Mito-DIPPMPO; and 6-monodeoxy-6-mono-4-[(5-diisopropoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide)-ethylenecarbamoyl-(2,3-di-O-methyl) hexakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)]-β-cyclodextrin, CD-DIPPMPO) directly on RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured on microscope coverslip glasses after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. Distinct ESR spectra were obtained with each spin trap using this method. CD-DIPPMPO, a recently published phosphorylated cyclic nitrone bearing a permethylated β-cyclodextrin moiety, was confirmed as the most specific spin trap of the superoxide radical, with exclusive detection of the superoxide adduct. ESR detection performed on cells attached to coverslips represents significant advances over other methods in terms of simplicity, speed, and measurement under near-physiological conditions. It thus opens the way for numerous applications, such as medium-throughput screening of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-modulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbas
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris , France
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Amir A, Ezra A, Shimon LJW, Fischer B. Novel Cu(I)-selective chelators based on a bis(phosphorothioyl)amide scaffold. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7901-8. [PMID: 25033439 DOI: 10.1021/ic500465z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bis(dialkyl/aryl-phosphorothioyl)amide (BPA) derivatives are versatile ligands known by their high metal-ion affinity and selectivity. Here, we synthesized related chelators based on bis(1,3,2-dithia/dioxaphospholane-2-sulfide)amide (BTPA/BOPA) scaffolds targeting the chelation of soft metal ions. Crystal structures of BTPA compounds 6 (N(-)R3NH(+)) and 8 (NEt) revealed a gauche geometry, while BOPA compound 7 (N(-)R3NH(+)) exhibited an anti-geometry. Solid-state (31)P magic-angle spinning NMR spectra of BTPA 6-Hg(II) and 6-Zn(II) complexes imply a square planar or tetrahedral geometry of the former and a distorted tetrahedral geometry of the latter, while both BTPA 6-Ni(II) and BOPA 7-Ni(II) complexes possibly form a polymeric structure. In Cu(I)-H2O2 system (Fenton reaction conditions) BTPA compounds 6, 8, and 10 (NCH2Ph) were identified as most potent antioxidants (IC50 32, 56, and 29 μM, respectively), whereas BOPA analogues 7, 9 (NEt), and 11 (NCH2Ph) were found to be poor antioxidants. In Fe(II)-H2O2 system, IC50 values for both BTPA and BOPA compounds exceeded 500 μM indicating high selectivity to Cu(I) versus the borderline Fe(II)-ion. Neither BTPA nor BOPA derivatives showed radical scavenging properties in H2O2 photolysis, implying that inhibition of the Cu(I)-induced Fenton reaction by both BTPA and BOPA analogues occurred predominantly through Cu(I)-chelation. In addition, NMR-monitored Cu(I)- and Zn(II)-titration of BTPA compounds 8 and 10 showed their high selectivity to a soft metal ion, Cu(I), as compared to a borderline metal ion, Zn(II). In summary, lipophilic BTPA analogues are promising highly selective Cu(I) ion chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviran Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Abbas K, Hardy M, Poulhès F, Karoui H, Tordo P, Ouari O, Peyrot F. Detection of superoxide production in stimulated and unstimulated living cells using new cyclic nitrone spin traps. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:281-290. [PMID: 24662195 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have a diverse array of physiological and pathological effects within living cells depending on the extent, timing, and location of their production. For measuring ROS production in cells, the ESR spin trapping technique using cyclic nitrones distinguishes itself from other methods by its specificity for superoxide and hydroxyl radical. However, several drawbacks, such as the low spin trapping rate and the spontaneous and cell-enhanced decomposition of the spin adducts to ESR-silent products, limit the application of this method to biological systems. Recently, new cyclic nitrones bearing a triphenylphosphonium (Mito-DIPPMPO) or a permethylated β-cyclodextrin moiety (CD-DIPPMPO) have been synthesized and their spin adducts demonstrated increased stability in buffer. In this study, a comparison of the spin trapping efficiency of these new compounds with commonly used cyclic nitrone spin traps, i.e., 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), and analogs BMPO, DEPMPO, and DIPPMPO, was performed on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Our results show that Mito-DIPPMPO and CD-DIPPMPO enable a higher detection of superoxide adduct, with a low (if any) amount of hydroxyl adduct. CD-DIPPMPO, especially, appears to be a superior spin trap for extracellular superoxide detection in living macrophages, allowing measurement of superoxide production in unstimulated cells for the first time. The main rationale put forward for this extreme sensitivity is that the extracellular localization of the spin trap prevents the reduction of the spin adducts by ascorbic acid and glutathione within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Abbas
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Florent Poulhès
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Paul Tordo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; ESPE de l׳Académie de Paris, Université Paris Sorbonne, 75016 Paris, France.
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Hevroni BL, Sayer AH, Blum E, Fischer B. Nucleoside-2',3'/3',5'-bis(thio)phosphate analogues are promising antioxidants acting mainly via Cu+/Fe2+ ion chelation. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1594-605. [PMID: 24410662 DOI: 10.1021/ic402671q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of adenine/guanine 2',3'- or 3',5'-bisphosphate and -bisphosphorothioate analogues, 1-6, as potential Cu(+)/Fe(2+) chelators, with a view to apply them as biocompatible and water-soluble antioxidants. We found that electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-monitored inhibition of OH radicals production from H2O2, in an Fe(2+)-H2O2 system, by bisphosphate derivatives 1, 3, and 5 (IC50 = 36, 24, and 40 μM, respectively), was more effective than it was by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), by a factor of 1.5, 2, and 1.4, respectively. Moreover, 2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate, 1, was 1.8- and 4.7-times more potent than adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), respectively. The bisphosphorothioate derivatives 2, 4, and 6 (IC50 = 92, 50, and 80 μM, respectively), exhibited a dual antioxidant activity, acting as both metal-ion chelators and radical scavengers [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay data indicates IC50 = 50, 70, and 108 μM vs 27 μM for Trolox]. Only 2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphorothioate, 2, exhibited good inhibition of Cu(+)-induced H2O2 decomposition (IC50 = 78 vs 224 μM for EDTA). Nucleoside-bisphosphorothioate analogues (2, 4, and 6) were weaker inhibitors than the corresponding bisphosphate analogues (1, 3, and 5), due to intramolecular oxidation under Fenton reaction conditions. (1)H- and (31)P NMR monitored Cu(+) titration of 2, showed that Cu(+) was coordinated by both 3',5'-bisphosphorothioate groups, as well as N7-nitrogen atom, while adenosine-2',3'-bisphosphorothioate, 6, coordinated Cu(+) only by 2',3'-bisphosphorothioate groups. In conclusion, an additional terminal phosphate group on AMP/guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) resulted in Fe(2+)-selective chelators highly potent as Fenton reaction inhibitors.
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ESR spin trapping for characterization of radical formation in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Listeria innocua. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 94:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abu R, Jiang Z, Ueno M, Okimura T, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. In vitro antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:305-12. [PMID: 23643974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan from Ascophyllum nodosum was investigated in vitro by various assays, and compared with those of fucoidan. A chemiluminescence (CL) analysis using a luminol analog, L-012, showed that ascophyllan scavenges superoxide, and the activity is greater than fucoidan. However, in the presence of 10μg/ml of ascophyllan or 10μg/ml and 100μg/ml of fucoidan, slightly enhanced CL-responses were observed. Since EDTA-treatment resulted in disappearance of the enhancement effects, it was suggested that metal ions especially iron ions in the polysaccharides might be involved in this phenomenon. In fact, metal element analysis revealed that ascophyllan and fucoidan inherently contain iron and other metal elements. EDTA-treatment resulted in significant increase in Fe(2+)-chelating activities of these polysaccharides. In an electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping analysis in which direct UV-radiation to hydrogen peroxide was used as a source of hydroxyl radical, ascophyllan and fucoidan showed potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with similar extent. Reducing power of ascophyllan was stronger than that of fucoidan. Our results indicate that ascophyllan can exhibit direct and potent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Abu
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Oyamada A, Ikai H, Nakamura K, Hayashi E, Kanno T, Sasaki K, Niwano Y. In vitro bactericidal activity of photo-irradiated oxydol products via hydroxyl radical generation. Biocontrol Sci 2013; 18:83-8. [PMID: 23796639 DOI: 10.4265/bio.18.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative power of hydroxyl radicals has been applied to disinfection systems for the purpose of oral hygiene by utilizing blue light-induced photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in our laboratory. In the present study, the bactericidal potential of blue light-irradiated oxydol products via hydroxyl radical generation was compared with that of 3% (w/v) H₂O₂. Eleven commercially available oxydol products were used in the present study. Even though a few of the products that contained ethanol, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, as an additive showed slightly lower hydroxyl radical yield as compared with 3% (w/v) H₂O₂, the blue-light irradiation of each oxydol product for 3 min showed similar or superior bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus to that of 3% (w/v) H₂O₂. The results strongly suggest that any of the oxydol products tested in the present study can be used as a source of hydroxyl radicals for the disinfection technique developed in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Oyamada
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Gomez-Mejiba SE, Zhai Z, Della-Vedova MC, Muñoz MD, Chatterjee S, Towner RA, Hensley K, Floyd RA, Mason RP, Ramirez DC. Immuno-spin trapping from biochemistry to medicine: advances, challenges, and pitfalls. Focus on protein-centered radicals. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:722-9. [PMID: 23644035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immuno-spin trapping (IST) is based on the reaction of a spin trap with a free radical to form a stable nitrone adduct, followed by the use of antibodies, rather than traditional electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, to detect the nitrone adduct. IST has been successfully applied to mechanistic in vitro studies, and recently, macromolecule-centered radicals have been detected in models of drug-induced agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and ischemia/reperfusion, as well as in models of neurological, metabolic and immunological diseases. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW To critically evaluate advances, challenges, and pitfalls as well as the scientific opportunities of IST as applied to the study of protein-centered free radicals generated in stressed organelles, cells, tissues and animal models of disease and exposure. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Because the spin trap has to be present at high enough concentrations in the microenvironment where the radical is formed, the possible effects of the spin trap on gene expression, metabolism and cell physiology have to be considered in the use of IST and in the interpretation of results. These factors have not yet been thoroughly dealt with in the literature. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The identification of radicalized proteins during cell/tissue response to stressors will help define their role in the complex cellular response to stressors and pathogenesis; however, the fidelity of spin trapping/immuno-detection and the effects of the spin trap on the biological system should be considered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Gomez-Mejiba
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute Multidisciplinary of Biological Investigations-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Bureau of Science and Technology (CONICET) and National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Culcasi M, Benameur L, Mercier A, Lucchesi C, Rahmouni H, Asteian A, Casano G, Botta A, Kovacic H, Pietri S. EPR spin trapping evaluation of ROS production in human fibroblasts exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles: Evidence for NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial stimulation. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 199:161-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Dogan S, Ozlem Elpek G, Kirimlioglu Konuk E, Demir N, Aslan M. Measurement of intracellular biomolecular oxidation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via immuno-spin trapping. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:406-14. [PMID: 22634144 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) can lead to liver failure in association with remote organ damage, both of which have significant rates of morbidity and mortality. In this study, novel spin trapping and histopathological techniques have been used to investigate in vivo free radical formation in a rat model of warm liver I/R injury. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was administered to rats via intraperitoneal injection at a single dose of 1.5g of pure DMPO/kg body wt 2h before the initiation of liver ischemia. Blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes were occluded with an arterial clamp for 60min, followed by 60min reperfusion. The effects of DMPO on I/R injury were evaluated by assessing the hepatic ultrastructure via transmission electron microscopy and by histopathological scoring. Immunoelectron microscopy was performed to determine the cellular localization of DMPO nitrone adducts. Levels of nitrone adducts were also measured to determine in situ scavenging of protein and DNA radicals. Total histopathological scoring of cellular damage was significantly decreased in hepatic I/R injury after DMPO treatment. DMPO treatment significantly decreased the hepatic conversion of xanthine oxidase and 4-hydroxynonenal formation in I/R injury compared to the untreated I/R group. The distribution of gold-nanoparticle-labeled DMPO nitrone adducts was observed in mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nucleus of hepatocytes. The formation of protein- and DNA-nitrone adducts was increased in DMPO-treated I/R livers compared to DMPO controls, indicating increased in situ protein and DNA radical formation and scavenging by DMPO. These results suggest that DMPO reduces I/R damage via protection against oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Dogan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey
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Michail K, Siraki AG. Post-trapping derivatization of radical-derived EPR-silent adducts: application to free radical detection by HPLC/UV in chemical, biochemical, and biological systems and comparison with EPR spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6739-46. [PMID: 22724922 DOI: 10.1021/ac301142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals are conventionally detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy after being trapped as spin adducts. Albeit this technique has demonstrated utmost efficacy in studying free radicals, its application to biological settings is intrinsically hampered by the inevitable bioreduction of radical-derived paramagnetic adducts. Herein, we describe a reliable technique to detect and quantify free radical metabolites, wherein reduced alkyl- and phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) adducts are converted into ultrastable N-naphthoate esters. To mimic the ubiquitous in vivo microenvironment, bioreductants, exogenous thiols, and sodium borohydride were studied. Nitroxyl reduction was confirmed using EPR and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The formation of the N-naphthoyloxy derivatives was established by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The derivatives were chromatographed using a binary eluent. HPLC and internal standards were synthesized using Grignard addition. The labeled DMPO adduct is (1) fluorescent, (2) stable as opposed to nitroxyl radical adducts, (3) biologically relevant, and (4) excellently chromatographed. Applications encompassed chemical, biochemical, and biological model systems generating C-centered radicals. Different levels of phenyl radicals produced in situ from whole blood were successfully determined. The method is readily applicable to the detection of hydroxyl radical. Analogously, DMPO, the spin trap, could be detected with extreme sensitivity suitable for in vivo applications. The developed method proved to be a viable alternative to EPR, where for the first time the reductive loss of paramagnetic signals of DMPO-trapped free radicals is transformed into fluorescence emission. We believe the proposed methodology could represent a valuable tool to probe free radical metabolites in vivo using DMPO, the least toxic spin trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Michail
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Pamenter ME, Ali SS, Tang Q, Finley JC, Gu XQ, Dugan LL, Haddad GG. An in vitro ischemic penumbral mimic perfusate increases NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production in cultured hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 2012; 1452:165-72. [PMID: 22459046 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The currently accepted scheme for reactive oxygen species production during ischemia/reperfusion injury is characterized by a deleterious mitochondria-derived burst of radical generation during reperfusion; however, recent examination of the penumbra suggests a central role for NADPH-oxidase (Nox)-mediated radical generation during the ischemic period. Therefore, we utilized a novel in vitro model of the penumbra to examine the free radical profile of ischemic murine hippocampal neurons using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and also the role of Nox in this generation and in cell fate. We report that free radical production increased ~75% at 2 h of ischemia, and this increase was abolished by: (1) scavenging of extracellular free radicals with superoxide dismutase (SOD), (2) a general anion channel antagonist, or (3) the Nox inhibitor apocynin. Similarly, at 24 h of ischemia, [ATP] decreased >95% and vital dye uptake increased 6-fold relative to controls; whereas apocynin, the Cl(-) channel antagonist 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), or the free radical scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) each provided moderate neuroprotection, ameliorating 13-32% of [ATP]-depletion and 19-56% of vital dye uptake at 24 h. Our results support a cytotoxic role for Nox-mediated free radical production from penumbral neurons during the ischemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Oka T, Yamashita S, Midorikawa M, Saiki S, Muroya Y, Kamibayashi M, Yamashita M, Anzai K, Katsumura Y. Spin-Trapping Reactions of a Novel Gauchetype Radical Trapper G-CYPMPO. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9600-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2023926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Oka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319−1195, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Takasaki, Gunma 370−1292, Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Saiki
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Takasaki, Gunma 370−1292, Japan
| | - Yusa Muroya
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319−1188, Japan
| | - Masato Kamibayashi
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Kyoto 607−8414, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Kyoto 607−8414, Japan
| | - Kazunori Anzai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Kitaadachi, Saitama 362−0806, Japan
| | - Yosuke Katsumura
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113−8656, Japan
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Nakamura K, Ishiyama K, Ikai H, Kanno T, Sasaki K, Niwano Y, Kohno M. Reevaluation of analytical methods for photogenerated singlet oxygen. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 49:87-95. [PMID: 21980223 PMCID: PMC3171684 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to compare different analytical methods for singlet oxygen and to discuss an appropriate way to evaluate the yield of singlet oxygen photogenerated from photosensitizers. Singlet oxygen photogenerated from rose bengal was evaluated by electron spin resonance analysis using sterically hindered amines, spectrophotometric analysis of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran oxidation, and analysis of fluorescent probe (Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green®). All of the analytical methods could evaluate the relative yield of singlet oxygen. The sensitivity of the analytical methods was 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran < electron spin resonance < Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green®. However, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green® could be used only when the concentration of rose bengal was very low (<1 µM). In addition, since the absorption spectra of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran is considerably changed by irradiation of 405 nm laser, photosensitizers which are excited by light with a wavelength of around 400 nm such as hematoporphyrin cannot be used in the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran oxidation method. On the other hand, electron spin resonance analysis using a sterically hindered amine, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamide, had proper sensitivity and wide detectable range for the yield of photogenerated singlet oxygen. Therefore, in photodynamic therapy, it is suggested that the relative yield of singlet oxygen generated by various photosensitizers can be evaluated properly by electron spin resonance analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakamura
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Ikai H, Nakamura K, Shirato M, Kanno T, Iwasawa A, Sasaki K, Niwano Y, Kohno M. Photolysis of hydrogen peroxide, an effective disinfection system via hydroxyl radical formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:5086-91. [PMID: 20921319 PMCID: PMC2981275 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00751-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated by photolysis of H(2)O(2) and bactericidal activity was examined. H(2)O(2) (1 M) was irradiated with laser light at a wavelength of 405 nm to generate hydroxyl radicals. Electron spin resonance spin trapping analysis showed that the amount of hydroxyl radicals produced increased with the irradiation time. Four species of pathogenic oral bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis, were used in the bactericidal assay. S. mutans in a model biofilm was also examined. Laser irradiation of suspensions in 1 M H(2)O(2) resulted in a >99.99% reduction of the viable counts of each of the test species within 3 min of treatment. Treatment of S. mutans in a biofilm resulted in a >99.999% reduction of viable counts within 3 min. Other results demonstrated that the bactericidal activity was dependent on the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated. Treatment of bacteria with 200 to 300 μM hydroxyl radicals would result in reductions of viable counts of >99.99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyo Ikai
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
| | - Midori Shirato
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
| | - Taro Kanno
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuo Iwasawa
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Niwano
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohno
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryou 4-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka 1-30, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan
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Ali SS, Marcondes MCG, Bajova H, Dugan LL, Conti B. Metabolic depression and increased reactive oxygen species production by isolated mitochondria at moderately lower temperatures. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32522-8. [PMID: 20716522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature (T) reduction increases lifespan, but the mechanisms are not understood. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to aging, we hypothesized that lowering T might decrease mitochondrial ROS production. We measured respiratory response and ROS production in isolated mitochondria at 32, 35, and 37 °C. Lowering T decreased the rates of resting (state 4) and phosphorylating (state 3) respiration phases. Surprisingly, this respiratory slowdown was associated with an increase of ROS production and hydrogen peroxide release and with elevation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨ(m). We also found that at lower T mitochondria produced more carbon-centered lipid radicals, a species known to activate uncoupling proteins. These data indicate that reduced mitochondrial ROS production is not one of the mechanisms mediating lifespan extension at lower T. They suggest instead that increased ROS leakage may mediate mitochondrial responses to hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Mukohda M, Ueno S, Kamibayashi M, Okada M, Yamawaki H, Hara Y. Influences of organic solvents on CYPMPO-electron spin resonance spectra in in vitro radical generating systems. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1547-50. [PMID: 20661003 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimation of radical scavenging capacity of lipophilic antioxidants by electron spin resonance (ESR) in vitro is a challenging issue due to their poor solubility in aqueous radical generating and measuring systems. Water-miscible organic solvents are used for this purpose. A novel radical trapping agent, 5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxy cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (CYPMPO), that has practical advantages over well-known trapping agents was synthesized. However, no available data for the influence of solvents in an ESR system that uses CYPMPO has been presented. The influences of six water-miscible organic solvents, acetonitrile (AcN), acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and dimethoxyethane (DME), on ESR responses to Fenton Fe(2+)/H (2)O(2 )OH· and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase superoxide generation systems in vitro were studied. Reduction of the ESR signal to CYPMPO-OH· adducts by 55.86 ± 5.95 and 83.17 ± 2.50% compared with the control was observed in the presence of AcN and acetone, respectively, at a final concentration of 5% (v/v). AcN of less than 1% had minimal effects. DMSO, ethanol, PEG and DME at 5% (v/v) strongly inhibited the ESR signals and/or caused derangement in the signal patterns. The six water-miscible solvents at 5% (v/v) had no influence on the ESR spectra of CYPMPO-superoxide adducts. From these results, AcN, at less than 1% (v/v), is a useful water-miscible organic solvent for assessing radical scavenging capacities of lipophilic compounds in the CYPMPO-Fenton Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) OH· reaction system in an ESR assay. Any of the solvents used in the present study can be used in a hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase superoxide generation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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Yamato M, Kudo W, Shiba T, Yamada KI, Watanabe T, Utsumi H. Determination of reactive oxygen species associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons during dopamine metabolism. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:249-57. [PMID: 20014978 DOI: 10.3109/10715760903456084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to be an important mechanism underlying dopamine-induced neuronal damage. This study provides X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic evidence for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during dopamine metabolism. The authors induced excess dopamine metabolism in the mouse striatum by bathing it in tyramine-containing perfusate using microdialysis. The addition of tyramine to the perfusate raised the levels of extracellular dopamine and hydrogen peroxide significantly. The ESR signal from hydroxy-TEMPO decayed during tyramine perfusion and treatment with a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor or radical scavenger suppressed the signal decay. Decreases in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive fibres and in dopamine concentration after tyramine perfusion were observed. Moreover, the tyramine-perfused mice showed a marked methamphetamine-induced rotational response. Notably, these effects of tyramine were suppressed by the simultaneous perfusion of hydroxy-TEMPO. These findings indicate that the ROS generation, which was monitored by hydroxy-TEMPO, caused oxidative damage to the dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Yamato
- Department of REDOX Medicinal Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Tellurite-induced oxidative stress leads to cell death of murine hepatocarcinoma cells. Biometals 2010; 23:623-32. [PMID: 20213267 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding tellurium (Te) toxicity are scarce. Studies on its metabolism, performed mainly in bacteria, underline a major role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated whether tellurite undergoes redox cycling leading to ROS formation and cancer cell death. The murine hepatocarcinoma Transplantable Liver Tumor (TLT) cells were challenged with tellurite either in the presence or in the absence of different compounds as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 3-methyladenine, BAPTA-AM, and catalase. NAC inhibition of tellurite-mediated toxicity suggested a major role of oxidative stress. Tellurite also decreased both glutathione (GSH) and ATP content by 57 and 80%, respectively. In the presence of NAC however, the levels of such markers were almost fully restored. Tellurite-mediated ROS generation was assessed both by using the fluorescent, oxidation-sensitive probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to detect hydroxyl radical formation. Cell death occurs by a caspase-independent mechanism, as shown by the lack of caspase-3 activity and no cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). The presence of gamma-H2AX suggests tellurite-induced DNA strand breaking, NAC being unable to counteract it. Although the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM did show no effect, the rapid phosphorylation of eIF2alpha suggests that, in addition to oxidative stress, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may be involved in the mechanisms leading to cell death by tellurite.
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Reis A, Domingues MRM, Amado FML, Manuel Oliveira M, Domingues P. Detection and characterization of cyclic hydroxylamine adducts by mass spectrometry. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:481-91. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760802112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Fortier CA, Guan B, Cole RB, Tarr MA. Covalently bound fluorescent probes as reporters for hydroxyl radical penetration into liposomal membranes. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1376-85. [PMID: 19268527 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of hydroxyl radicals to penetrate into liposomal model membranes (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) has been demonstrated. Liposomes were prepared and then characterized by digital fluorescence microscopy and dynamic light scattering after extrusion to determine liposomal lamellarity, size, and shape. Hydroxyl radicals were generated in the surrounding aqueous medium using a modified Fenton reagent (hydrogen peroxide and Fe(2+)) with the water-soluble iron chelator EDTA. High and low doses of radical were used, and the low dose was achieved with physiologically relevant iron and peroxide concentrations. Fluorescent probes covalently bound to the membrane phospholipid were used, including two lipophilic pyrenyl probes within the membrane bilayer and one polar probe at the water-membrane interface. Radical reactions with the probes were monitored by following the decrease in fluorescence and by observing oxidation products via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differences in the probe position within the membrane were correlated with the reactivity of the probe to assess radical access to the site of the probe. For all probes, reaction rates increased with increasing temperature. Within the membrane bilayer, reaction rates were greater for the probe closest to the membrane-water interface. Cholesterol protected these probes from oxidation. Kinetic models, scavenger studies, and product identification studies indicated that hydroxyl radical reacted directly with the in-membrane probes without the mediation of a secondary radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel A Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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45
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Gomez-Mejiba SE, Zhai Z, Akram H, Deterding LJ, Hensley K, Smith N, Towner RA, Tomer KB, Mason RP, Ramirez DC. Immuno-spin trapping of protein and DNA radicals: "tagging" free radicals to locate and understand the redox process. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:853-65. [PMID: 19159679 PMCID: PMC2692890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-centered radicals are intermediate species produced during both reversible (redox modulation) and irreversible (oxidative stress) oxidative modification of biomolecules. These oxidative processes must be studied in situ and in real time to understand the molecular mechanism of cell adaptation or death in response to changes in the extracellular environment. In this regard, we have developed and validated immuno-spin trapping to tag the redox process, tracing the oxidatively generated modification of biomolecules, in situ and in real time, by detecting protein- and DNA-centered radicals. The purpose of this methods article is to introduce and update the basic methods and applications of immuno-spin trapping for the study of redox biochemistry in oxidative stress and redox regulation. We describe in detail the production, detection, and location of protein and DNA radicals in biochemical systems, cells, and tissues, and in the whole animal as well, by using immuno-spin trapping with the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E. Gomez-Mejiba
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Zili Zhai
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hammad Akram
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Leesa J. Deterding
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Rheal A. Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Ronald P. Mason
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Dario C. Ramirez
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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Lundqvist H, Dånmark S, Johansson U, Gustafsson H, Ollinger K. Evaluation of electron spin resonance for studies of superoxide anion production by human neutrophils interacting with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:1059-65. [PMID: 17604111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates electron spin resonance (ESR) and the spin trapper 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO) for analysis of superoxide radical production by human neutrophils interacting with viable Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. To avoid auto-activation due to interaction with glass surfaces, neutrophils were preincubated in plastic tubes until the peak response was reached, and then transferred to a quartz flat cell to record the ESR spectra. The time point for peak response was identified by parallel analysis of the bacteria-neutrophil interaction using luminol amplified chemiluminescence. We found detectable ESR spectra from neutrophils interacting with as few as five bacteria of the weak activating S. epidermidis per neutrophil. Addition of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium totally abolished spectra. Catalase, DMSO or an iron chelator had no impact on the produced spectra and ionomycin, a selective activator of intracellular NADPH oxidase, gave significant ESR spectra. Taken together, our results indicate that DEPMPO is cell permeable and detects NADPH oxidase derived superoxide anions formed in phagosomes or released by human neutrophils phagocytosing viable S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The technique may be used as a sensitive tool to evaluate superoxide anion production in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lundqvist
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Burgett RA, Bao X, Villamena FA. Superoxide Radical Anion Adduct of 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-Oxide (DMPO). 3. Effect of Mildly Acidic pH on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adduct Formation. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2447-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randy A. Burgett
- Department of Pharmacology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- Department of Pharmacology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Pharmacology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Chalier F, Hardy M, Ouari O, Rockenbauer A, Tordo P. Design of New Derivatives of Nitrone DEPMPO Functionalized at C-4 for Further Specific Applications in Superoxide Radical Detection. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7886-92. [PMID: 17880238 DOI: 10.1021/jo071070s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general synthetic route to prepare derivatives of the DEPMPO nitrone (5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) functionalized at C-4 was established via the synthesis of 4-HMDEPMPO nitrone (5-diethoxyphosphoryl-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) that was obtained from reduction of the nitro compound 1. (4R*,5S*)-4-HMDEPMPO was successfully separated from its minor diastereoisomer and could be used to generate various substituted analogues. Among them, 4-NHSDEPMPO, 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-4-succinimidyloxycarbonyloxymethyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, constitutes a NH2-reactive precursor for further conjugation to relevant moieties such as targeting groups, labels, or drugs. From 4-NHSDEPMPO, a biotinylated nitrone was synthesized offering new perspectives for targeted delivery applications. A short study of the trapping behaviors of the (4R*,5S*)-isomer of these 4-HMDEPMPO analogues proved that they are as good as DEPMPO for detecting superoxide. For each isomer, only one diastereoisomer adduct was obtained, resulting from the addition of superoxide on the less hindered face of the nitrone, that is, trans to the phosphoryl group and the C-4 substituent. From spectra simulation and experiments in various solvents, we proved that ESR patterns of each adduct corresponded to the superimposed signals of two sets of conformers in a sufficiently slow chemical exchange to induce a widening and a dissymmetry of some of the signal lines. This phenomenon was drastically reduced when compared with that observed for DEPMPO superoxide and attributed to a similar chemical exchange, and it did not hamper spectrum assignment. Determination of the decay rate of the superoxide adduct of (4R*,5S*)-4-HMDEPMPO proved that it has a 25% longer half-life time than the superoxide adduct of DEPMPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Chalier
- Chimie Biologie et Radicaux Libres, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 6517, Centre de Saint Jérôme, case 521, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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Shioji K, Iwashita H, Shimomura T, Yamaguchi T, Okuma K. ESR Measurement Using 2-Diphenylphosphinoyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrroleN-Oxide (DPhPMPO) in Human Erythrocyte Ghosts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Immuno-spin trapping is a highly sensitive method for detecting DNA radicals in biological systems. This technique involves three main steps: (i) in situ and real-time trapping of DNA radicals with the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), thus forming DMPO-DNA nitrone adducts (referred to here as nitrone adducts); (ii) purification of nitrone adducts; and (iii) analysis of nitrone adducts by heterogeneous immunoassays using Abs against DMPO. In experiments, DMPO is added prior to the formation of free radicals. It diffuses easily through all cell compartments and is present when DNA free radicals are formed as a result of oxidative damage. Due to its low toxicity, DMPO can be used in cells at high enough concentrations to out-compete the normal reactions of DNA radicals, thus ensuring a high yield of DNA nitrone adducts. Because both protein and DNA nitrone adducts are formed, it is important that the DNA be pure in order to avoid misinterpretations. Depending on the model under study, this protocol can be completed in as few as 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Ramirez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Building 101, MD F0-02, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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