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Ternette N, Yang M, Laroyia M, Kitagawa M, O’Flaherty L, Wolhulter K, Igarashi K, Saito K, Kato K, Fischer R, Berquand A, Kessler B, Lappin T, Frizzell N, Soga T, Adam J, Pollard P. Inhibition of mitochondrial aconitase by succination in fumarate hydratase deficiency. Cell Rep 2013; 3:689-700. [PMID: 23499446 PMCID: PMC3617368 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) is mutated in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). Loss of FH activity causes accumulation of intracellular fumarate, which can directly modify cysteine residues to form 2-succinocysteine through succination. We undertook a proteomic-based screen in cells and renal cysts from Fh1 (murine FH)-deficient mice and identified 94 protein succination targets. Notably, we identified the succination of three cysteine residues in mitochondrial Aconitase2 (ACO2) crucial for iron-sulfur cluster binding. We show that fumarate exerts a dose-dependent inhibition of ACO2 activity, which correlates with increased succination as determined by mass spectrometry, possibly by interfering with iron chelation. Importantly, we show that aconitase activity is impaired in FH-deficient cells. Our data provide evidence that succination, resulting from FH deficiency, targets and potentially alters the function of multiple proteins and may contribute to the dysregulated metabolism observed in HLRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ternette
- Central Proteomics Facility, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ming Yang
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Mahima Laroyia
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mitsuhiro Kitagawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Linda O’Flaherty
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kathryn Wolhulter
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Roman Fischer
- Central Proteomics Facility, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alexandre Berquand
- Bruker Nano GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Central Proteomics Facility, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Terry Lappin
- Hypoxia Biology Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Oxford-Keio Metabolomics Consortium, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Oxford-Keio Metabolomics Consortium, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Patrick J. Pollard
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford-Keio Metabolomics Consortium, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Oxford-Keio Metabolomics Consortium, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
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Chen C, Tsina E, Cornwall MC, Crouch RK, Vijayaraghavan S, Koutalos Y. Reduction of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol in the outer segments of frog and mouse rod photoreceptors. Biophys J 2004; 88:2278-87. [PMID: 15626704 PMCID: PMC1305277 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.054254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in the Visual Cycle, the series of reactions that regenerate the vertebrate visual pigment rhodopsin, is the reduction of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol, a reaction that requires NADPH. We have used the fluorescence of all-trans retinol to study this reduction in living rod photoreceptors. After the bleaching of rhodopsin, fluorescence (excitation, 360 nm; emission, 457 or 540 nm) appears in frog and wild-type mouse rod outer segments reaching a maximum in 30-60 min at room temperature. With this excitation and emission, the mitochondrial-rich ellipsoid region of the cells shows strong fluorescence as well. Fluorescence measurements at different emission wavelengths establish that the outer segment and ellipsoid signals originate from all-trans retinol and reduced pyridine nucleotides, respectively. Using outer segment fluorescence as a measure of all-trans retinol formation, we find that in frog rod photoreceptors the NADPH necessary for the reduction of all-trans retinal can be supplied by both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolic pathways. Inhibition of the reduction reaction, either by retinoic acid or through suppression of metabolic activity, reduced the formation of retinol. Finally, there are no significant fluorescence changes after bleaching in the rod outer segments of Rpe65(-/-) mice, which lack 11-cis retinal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Evans ND, Gnudi L, Rolinski OJ, Birch DJS, Pickup JC. Non-invasive glucose monitoring by NAD(P)H autofluorescence spectroscopy in fibroblasts and adipocytes: a model for skin glucose sensing. Diabetes Technol Ther 2003; 5:807-16. [PMID: 14633346 DOI: 10.1089/152091503322527012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro cell-culture model of skin-component cells to test the hypothesis that glucose can be monitored non-invasively by measuring NAD(P)H-related fluorescence changes in tissues. 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and adipocytes were grown in culture, and the response to added glucose was assessed by changes in steady-state autofluorescence at 400-500 nm [excitation at 340 nm, an index of NAD(P)H]. We also studied glucose-related fluorescence changes in cells stained with the mitochondrial marker, rhodamine-123. Fibroblasts and adipocytes showed glucose-dependent increases in autofluorescence with both short- and long-term exposure. Spectral properties indicated that the fluorescence was due to NAD(P)H production. With 5-h exposure to glucose, the maximal response was at 10-15 mmol/L glucose. Cells stained with the fluorescent mitochondrial marker, rhodamine-123, showed an immediate and marked decrease in fluorescence when exposed to glucose. We conclude that glucose can be sensed non-invasively by cellular fluorescence changes in fibroblasts and adipocytes. This is a model for the further exploration of fluorescence-based non-invasive metabolic monitoring in human diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Evans
- Metabolic Unit, Guy's, King's and St Thomas's School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Glucose metabolism has traditionally been assayed via biochemical means. Fluorescence monitoring of NAD(P)H levels has provided a non-invasive method to assay glucose metabolism in cells and tissues. However, these measurements have traditionally been of low resolution (no subcellular information) because of limitations imposed by optical and cellular photodamage problems. The recent advent of two-photon excitation microscopy as a dependable tool for biological research has opened the possibility of real-time, high-resolution analysis of glucose metabolism in living cells. Such measurements have the potential to provide subcellular information from intact tissue that cannot be obtained by other techniques.
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Piston DW, Masters BR, Webb WW. Three-dimensionally resolved NAD(P)H cellular metabolic redox imaging of the in situ cornea with two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy. J Microsc 1995; 178:20-7. [PMID: 7745599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1995.tb03576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional maps of cellular metabolic oxidation/reduction states of rabbit cornea in situ were obtained by imaging the fluorescence of the naturally occurring reduced pyridine nucleotides (both reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, NADH, and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH, denoted here as NAD(P)H). Autofluorescence images with submicrometre lateral resolution were obtained throughout the entire 400 microns thickness of the cornea. Two-photon excitation scanning laser microscopy with near-infrared excitation provided high fluorescence collection efficiency, reduced photodamage, and eliminated ultraviolet chromatic aberration, all of which have previously degraded the visualization of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence. Sharp autofluorescence images of the basal epithelium (40 microns within the cornea) show substantial subcellular detail, providing the ability to monitor autofluorescence intensity changes over time, which reflect changes in oxidative metabolism and cellular dynamics necessary for maintenance of the ocular surface. The autofluorescence was confirmed to be mostly of NAD(P)H origin by cyanide exposure, which increased the fluorescence from all cell types in the cornea by about a factor of two. Autofluorescence images of individual keratocytes in the stroma were observed only after cyanide treatment, while in the predominant extracellular collagen (> 90% of the stromal volume), fluorescence was not distinguished from the background. Observation of keratocyte metabolism demonstrates the sensitivity made available by two-photon microscopy for future redox fluorescence imaging of cellular metabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Piston
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Kunz WS, Kuznetsov AV, Schulze W, Eichhorn K, Schild L, Striggow F, Bohnensack R, Neuhof S, Grasshoff H, Neumann HW, Gellerich FN. Functional characterization of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in saponin-skinned human muscle fibers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1144:46-53. [PMID: 8347661 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90029-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The conditions of treatment of human skeletal muscle fibers from M. vastus lateralis with saponin were optimized to achieve complete permeabilization of cell membrane at intact mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. After 30 min of incubation with saponin all lactate dehydrogenase, 50% of creatine kinase, 30% of adenylate kinase and less than 20% of citrate synthase was released into the permeabilization medium. These skinned fibers behave similar to isolated mitochondria from human skeletal muscle: (i) the respiration with mitochondrial substrates can be stimulated by ADP, (ii) inhibited by carboxyatractyloside and (iii) it is possible to detect fluorescence changes of mitochondrial NAD(P)H on additions of substrates, uncoupler and cyanide. From a comparison of rates of respiration per cytochrome aa3 content of isolated human skeletal muscle mitochondria and saponin-skinned muscle fibers it was possible to calculate that almost 85% of mitochondria in those fibers are accessible for the investigation of oxidative phosphorylation. As shown by the investigation of biopsy samples of two patients with undefined myopathies these fibers are a suitable object for the replacement of isolated mitochondria in the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathies and encephalomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kunz
- Institut für Biochemie, Medizinische Akademie Magdeburg, Germany
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