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Grebe S, Porcar-Castell A, Riikonen A, Paakkarinen V, Aro EM. Accounting for photosystem I photoinhibition sheds new light on seasonal acclimation strategies of boreal conifers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3973-3992. [PMID: 38572950 PMCID: PMC11233416 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The photosynthetic acclimation of boreal evergreen conifers is controlled by regulatory and photoprotective mechanisms that allow conifers to cope with extreme environmental changes. However, the underlying dynamics of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) remain unresolved. Here, we investigated the dynamics of PSII and PSI during the spring recovery of photosynthesis in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies using a combination of chlorophyll a fluorescence, P700 difference absorbance measurements, and quantification of key thylakoid protein abundances. In particular, we derived a new set of PSI quantum yield equations, correcting for the effects of PSI photoinhibition. Using the corrected equations, we found that the seasonal dynamics of PSII and PSI photochemical yields remained largely in balance, despite substantial seasonal changes in the stoichiometry of PSII and PSI core complexes driven by PSI photoinhibition. Similarly, the previously reported seasonal up-regulation of cyclic electron flow was no longer evident, after accounting for PSI photoinhibition. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of considering the dynamics of PSII and PSI to elucidate the seasonal acclimation of photosynthesis in overwintering evergreens. Beyond the scope of conifers, our corrected PSI quantum yields expand the toolkit for future studies aimed at elucidating the dynamic regulation of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Grebe
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Porcar-Castell
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Riikonen
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Paakkarinen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Tikhonov AN. Electron Transport in Chloroplasts: Regulation and Alternative Pathways of Electron Transfer. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1438-1454. [PMID: 38105016 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This work represents an overview of electron transport regulation in chloroplasts as considered in the context of structure-function organization of photosynthetic apparatus in plants. Main focus of the article is on bifurcated oxidation of plastoquinol by the cytochrome b6f complex, which represents the rate-limiting step of electron transfer between photosystems II and I. Electron transport along the chains of non-cyclic, cyclic, and pseudocyclic electron flow, their relationships to generation of the trans-thylakoid difference in electrochemical potentials of protons in chloroplasts, and pH-dependent mechanisms of regulation of the cytochrome b6f complex are considered. Redox reactions with participation of molecular oxygen and ascorbate, alternative mediators of electron transport in chloroplasts, have also been discussed.
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Trubitsin BV, Milanovsky GE, Mamedov MD, Semenov AY, Tikhonov AN. The Interaction of Water-Soluble Nitroxide Radicals with Photosystem II. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 53:1053-1067. [PMID: 34522067 PMCID: PMC8428495 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the redox transients of a number of water-soluble spin labels upon their interactions with Photosystem II (PS II) core complexes isolated from spinach leaves. We have found that the reactivity of nitroxide radicals, determined by the rate of their reduction upon illumination of PS II, depends on the chemical structure of radicals and the capability of their coming close to low-potential redox centers of photoactive PS II complexes. An enhanced capability of nitroxide radicals to accept electrons from PS II correlates with their chemical structure. Nitroxide radicals NTI (2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-nitromethylene-3-imidazolidine-N-oxyl) and Tacet (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-acetate), containing polar groups, appear to be most efficient acceptors of electrons donated by PS II compared to neutral (TEMPOL, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) or positively charged (Tamine, 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl) spin labels. We assume that enhanced reactivities of polar nitroxide radicals, NTI and Tacet, are determined (1) by their relatively high redox potentials, providing the possibility to accept electrons from PS II, and (2) by their affinities to the closest binding sites on the surface of PS II in the vicinity of the primary plastoquinone acceptor PQA (12-14 Å) or/and in the intraprotein cavity for the secondary plastoquinone PQB (~ 22 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. E. Milanovsky
- Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. D. Mamedov
- Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Yu. Semenov
- Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. N. Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Kasai S, Sugiura Y, Prasad A, Inoue KY, Sato T, Honmo T, Kumar A, Pospíšil P, Ino K, Hashi Y, Furubayashi Y, Matsudaira M, Suda A, Kunikata R, Matsue T. Real-time imaging of photosynthetic oxygen evolution from spinach using LSI-based biosensor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12234. [PMID: 31439857 PMCID: PMC6706413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-driven splitting of water to oxygen (O2) is catalyzed by a protein-bound tetra-manganese penta-oxygen calcium (Mn4O5Ca) cluster in Photosystem II. In the current study, we used a large-scale integration (LSI)-based amperometric sensor array system, designated Bio-LSI, to perform two-dimensional imaging of light-induced O2 evolution from spinach leaves. The employed Bio-LSI chip consists of 400 sensor electrodes with a pitch of 250 μm for fast electrochemical imaging. Spinach leaves were illuminated to varying intensities of white light (400-700 nm) which induced oxygen evolution and subsequent electrochemical images were collected using the Bio-LSI chip. Bio-LSI images clearly showed the dose-dependent effects of the light-induced oxygen release from spinach leaves which was then significantly suppressed in the presence of urea-type herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). Our results clearly suggest that light-induced oxygen evolution can be monitored using the chip and suggesting that the Bio-LSI is a promising tool for real-time imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe electrochemical imaging of light-induced O2 evolution using LSI-based amperometric sensors in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Kasai
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yamato Sugiura
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Kumi Y Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teruya Sato
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Honmo
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Hashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Furubayashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahki Matsudaira
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suda
- Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kunikata
- Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Oxygenic photosynthesis: EPR study of photosynthetic electron transport and oxygen-exchange, an overview. Cell Biochem Biophys 2018; 77:47-59. [PMID: 30460441 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-018-0861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the applications of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods to the study of the relationships between the electron transport and oxygen-exchange processes in photosynthetic systems of oxygenic type. One of the purposes of this article is to encourage scientists to use the advantageous EPR oximetry approaches to study oxygen-related electron transport processes in photosynthetic systems. The structural organization of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain and the EPR approaches to the measurements of molecular oxygen (O2) with O2-sensitive species (nitroxide spin labels and solid paramagnetic particles) are briefly reviewed. In solution, the collision of O2 with spin probes causes the broadening of their EPR spectra and the reduction of their spin-lattice relaxation times. Based on these effects, tools for measuring O2 concentration and O2 diffusion in biological systems have been developed. These methods, named "spin-label oximetry," include not only nitroxide spin labels, but also other stable-free radicals with narrow EPR lines, as well as particulate probes with EPR spectra sensitive to molecular oxygen (lithium phthalocyanine, coals, and India ink). Applications of EPR approaches for measuring O2 evolution and consumption are illustrated using examples of photosynthetic systems of oxygenic type, chloroplasts in situ (green leaves), and cyanobacteria.
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Trubitsin BV, Vershubskii AV, Priklonskii VI, Tikhonov AN. Short-term regulation and alternative pathways of photosynthetic electron transport in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:400-15. [PMID: 26300376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shabnam N, Sharmila P, Sharma A, Strasser RJ, Pardha-Saradhi P. Mitochondrial electron transport protects floating leaves of long leaf pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poir) against photoinhibition: comparison with submerged leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:305-319. [PMID: 25366828 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigations were carried to unravel mechanism(s) for higher tolerance of floating over submerged leaves of long leaf pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poir) against photoinhibition. Chloroplasts from floating leaves showed ~5- and ~6.4-fold higher Photosystem (PS) I (reduced dichlorophenol-indophenol → methyl viologen → O2) and PS II (H2O → parabenzoquine) activities over those from submerged leaves. The saturating rate (V max) of PS II activity of chloroplasts from floating and submerged leaves reached at ~600 and ~230 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1), respectively. Photosynthetic electron transport rate in floating leaves was over 5-fold higher than in submerged leaves. Further, floating leaves, as compared to submerged leaves, showed higher F v/F m (variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence, a reflection of PS II efficiency), as well as a higher potential to withstand photoinhibitory damage by high light (1,200 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1)). Cells of floating leaves had not only higher mitochondria to chloroplast ratio, but also showed many mitochondria in close vicinity of chloroplasts. Electron transport (NADH → O2; succinate → O2) in isolated mitochondria of floating leaves was sensitive to both cyanide (CN(-)) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), whereas those in submerged leaves were sensitive to CN(-), but virtually insensitive to SHAM, revealing the presence of alternative oxidase in mitochondria of floating, but not of submerged, leaves. Further, the potential of floating leaves to withstand photoinhibitory damage was significantly reduced in the presence of CN(-) and SHAM, individually and in combination. Our experimental results establish that floating leaves possess better photosynthetic efficiency and capacity to withstand photoinhibition compared to submerged leaves; and mitochondria play a pivotal role in protecting photosynthetic machinery of floating leaves against photoinhibition, most likely by oxidation of NAD(P)H and reduction of O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Shabnam
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Tikhonov AN. Induction events and short-term regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts: an overview. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:65-94. [PMID: 25680580 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of photosynthetic electron transport at different levels of structural and functional organization of photosynthetic apparatus provides efficient performance of oxygenic photosynthesis in plants. This review begins with a brief overview of the chloroplast electron transport chain. Then two noninvasive biophysical methods (measurements of slow induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence and EPR signals of oxidized P700 centers) are exemplified to illustrate the possibility of monitoring induction events in chloroplasts in vivo and in situ. Induction events in chloroplasts are considered and briefly discussed in the context of short-term mechanisms of the following regulatory processes: (i) pH-dependent control of the intersystem electron transport; (ii) the light-induced activation of the Calvin-Benson cycle; (iii) optimization of electron transport due to fitting alternative pathways of electron flow and partitioning light energy between photosystems I and II; and (iv) the light-induced remodeling of photosynthetic apparatus and thylakoid membranes.
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Kuvykin IV, Ptushenko VV, Vershubskii AV, Tikhonov AN. Regulation of electron transport in C3 plant chloroplasts in situ and in silico: Short-term effects of atmospheric CO2 and O2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:336-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Computational analysis of the oscillatory dynamics in the processes of CO2 assimilation and photorespiration. Biosystems 2011; 103:285-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kuvykin IV, Vershubskii AV, Tikhonov AN. Alternative pathways of photoinduced electron transport in chloroplasts. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793109020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Roussel MR, Ivlev AA, Igamberdiev AU. Oscillations of the internal CO(2) concentration in tobacco leaves transferred to low CO(2). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 164:1188-96. [PMID: 17007962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the internal CO(2) concentration (Ci) in tobacco leaves using a fast-response CO(2) exchange system showed that in the light, switching from 350 microLL(-1) to a low CO(2) concentration of 36.5 microLL(-1) (promoting high photorespiration) resulted in the Ci oscillating near the value of CO(2) compensation point (Gamma*). The oscillations are highly irregular, the range of Ci varying by 2-4 microLL(-1) in substomatal cavities with a period of a few seconds. The statistical properties of the time series became stationary after a transient of approximately 100s following transfer to low CO(2). Attractor reconstruction shows that the observed oscillations are not chaotic but exhibit stochastic behavior. The period of oscillations is consistent with the duration of photorespiratory post-illumination burst (PIB). We suggest that the observed oscillations may be due to a similar mechanism to that which leads to PIB, and may play a role in switching mitochondrial operation between oxidation of the photorespiratory glycine and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Roussel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alta, Canada
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Ligeza A, Tikhonov AN, Hyde JS, Subczynski WK. Oxygen permeability of thylakoid membranes: electron paramagnetic resonance spin labeling study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1365:453-63. [PMID: 9711298 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen transport in thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts (Spinacia oleracea) has been studied by observing the collisions of molecular oxygen with spin labels, using line broadening electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Stearic acid spin labels were used to probe the local oxygen diffusion-concentration product. The free radical moiety was located at various distances from the membrane surface, and collision rates were estimated from linewidths of the EPR spectra measured in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen. The profile of the local oxygen diffusion-concentration product across the membrane determined at 20 degrees C demonstrates that this product, at all membrane locations, is higher than the value measured in water. From the profile of the oxygen diffusion-concentration product, the membrane oxygen permeability coefficient has been estimated using the procedure developed earlier (W.K. Subczynski, J.S. Hyde, A. Kusumi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 4474-4478). At 20 degrees C, the oxygen permeability coefficient for the lipid portion of the thylakoid membrane was found to be 39.5 cm s-1. This value is 20% higher than the oxygen permeability coefficient of a water layer of the same thickness as the thylakoid membrane. The high permeability coefficient implies that the oxygen concentration difference across the thylakoid membrane generated under the illumination of the leaf by saturating actinic light is negligible, smaller than 1 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ligeza
- Biophysics Department, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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