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Ozdemi̇r C, Isik B, Koca G, Inan MA. Effects of mid‑gestational sevoflurane and magnesium sulfate on maternal oxidative stress, inflammation and fetal brain histopathology. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:286. [PMID: 38827470 PMCID: PMC11140313 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Models of inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperoxia and hypoxia have demonstrated that magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), a commonly used drug in obstetrics, has neuroprotective potential. In the present study, the effects of MgSO4 treatment on inflammation, oxidative stress and fetal brain histopathology were evaluated in an experimental rat model following sevoflurane (Sv) exposure during the mid-gestational period. Rats were randomly divided into groups: C (control; no injections or anesthesia), Sv (exposure to 2.5% Sv for 2 h), MgSO4 (administered 270 mg/kg MgSO4 intraperitoneally) and Sv + MgSO4 (Sv administered 30 min after MgSO4 injection). Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were measured in the serum and neurotoxicity was investigated histopathologically in fetal brain tissue. Short-term mid-gestational exposure to a 1.1 minimum alveolar concentration of Sv did not significantly increase the levels of any of the measured biochemical markers, except for TNF-α. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated no findings suggestive of pathological apoptosis, neuroinflammation or oxidative stress-induced cell damage. MgSO4 injection prior to anesthesia caused no significant differences in biochemical or histopathological marker levels compared to the C and Sv groups. The present study indicated that short-term exposure to Sv could potentially be considered a harmless external stimulus to the fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Ozdemi̇r
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Mamak State Hospital, 06270 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Isik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulce Koca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arda Inan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Potra Cicalău GI, Marcu OA, Ghitea TC, Ciavoi G, Iurcov RC, Beiusanu C, Trifan DF, Vicaș LG, Ganea M. Study of Periodontal Bacteria in Diabetic Wistar Rats: Assessing the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carvacrol and Magnolol Hydrogels. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1445. [PMID: 39062018 PMCID: PMC11274435 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease and diabetes often co-occur; both are characterized by chronic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of carvacrol and magnolol when incorporated into a periodontal hydrogel and topically applied to Wistar rats with diabetes-associated periodontal disease. Forty male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: PD (induced diabetes and periodontitis), PDC (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with carvacrol), PDM (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with magnolol), and PDCM (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with both carvacrol and magnolol). Post treatment, gingival tissue samples were collected to measure levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. The PDCM group exhibited significantly lower levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) compared to the PD group. The combined application of a periodontal hydrogel containing carvacrol and magnolol may significantly reduce gingival inflammation in rats with diabetes-associated periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalău
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (G.I.P.C.); (G.C.); (R.C.I.)
| | - Olivia Andreea Marcu
- Department of Preclinics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Gabriela Ciavoi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (G.I.P.C.); (G.C.); (R.C.I.)
| | - Raluca Cristina Iurcov
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (G.I.P.C.); (G.C.); (R.C.I.)
| | - Corina Beiusanu
- Department of Preclinics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Daniela Florina Trifan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Laura Grațiela Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariana Ganea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.V.); (M.G.)
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3
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Sun J, Song X, Wang C, Ruan Q. Geniposidic acid alleviates osteoarthritis progression through inhibiting inflammation and chondrocytes ferroptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18228. [PMID: 38520209 PMCID: PMC10960175 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of the common diseases that seriously affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people worldwide. Geniposidic acid (GPA) is extracted from Eucommia ulmoides that exhibits various pharmacological effects. This study investigated the function of GPA on osteoarthritis (OA) in IL-1β-stimulated mouse chondrocytes and mouse OA model. Mouse OA model was established by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and GPA was given intraperitoneal injection. The results demonstrated that GPA could alleviate DMM-induced OA in mice. In vitro, IL-1β-induced PGE2, NO, MMP1 and MMP3 were suppressed by GPA. Furthermore, IL-1β-induced ferroptosis was inhibited by GPA, as confirmed by the inhibition of MDA, iron, and ROS, as well as the upregulation of GSH, GPX4, and Ferritin. In addition, GPA was found to increase the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. And the inhibition of GPA on IL-1β-induced inflammation and ferroptosis were prevented by Nrf2 inhibitor. In conclusion, GPA alleviates OA progression through inhibiting inflammation and chondrocytes ferroptosis via Nrf2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Sun
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Xianji Song
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Cuijie Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Qing Ruan
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
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4
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Kang S, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kwon O. Diverse and Synergistic Actions of Phytochemicals in a Plant-Based Multivitamin/Mineral Supplement against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Healthy Individuals: A Systems Biology Approach Based on a Randomized Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 38247460 PMCID: PMC10812391 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional clinical methodologies often fall short of revealing the complex interplay of multiple components and targets within the human body. This study was designed to explore the complex and synergistic effects of phytochemicals in a plant-based multivitamin/mineral supplement (PBS) on oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy individuals. Utilizing a systems biology framework, we integrated clinical with multi-omics analyses, including UPLC-Q-TOF-MS for 33 phytochemicals, qPCR for 42 differential transcripts, and GC-TOF-MS for 17 differential metabolites. A Gene Ontology analysis facilitated the identification of 367 biological processes linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. As a result, a comprehensive network was constructed consisting of 255 nodes and 1579 edges, featuring 10 phytochemicals, 26 targets, and 218 biological processes. Quercetin was identified as having the broadest target spectrum, succeeded by ellagic acid, hesperidin, chlorogenic acid, and quercitrin. Moreover, several phytochemicals were associated with key genes such as HMOX1, TNF, NFE2L2, CXCL8, and IL6, which play roles in the Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, adipocytokine, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways. This clinical data-driven network system approach has significantly advanced our comprehension of a PBS's effects by pinpointing pivotal phytochemicals and delineating their synergistic actions, thus illuminating potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Kang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
- Logme Inc., Seoul 03182, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Logme Inc., Seoul 03182, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyung Lee
- Innovation and Science, Amway Korea Ltd., Seoul 06414, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Logme Inc., Seoul 03182, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ali DM, Mahmoud MH, Rifaai RA, Fawzy MA, Atta M, Welson NN, Batiha GE, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Abdelzaher WY. Diacerein modulates TLR4/ NF-κB/IL-1β and TRPC1/CHOP signalling pathways in gentamicin-induced parotid toxicity in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1735-1744. [PMID: 37257043 PMCID: PMC10273056 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the possible protective effect of diacerein (DIA) on gentamicin (GNT)-induced parotid toxicity in rats. DIA was administered in the presence and absence of GNT. Thirty-two Wistar adult male rats were randomly arranged into four groups: control, DIA (50 mg/kg/day), GNT (100 mg/kg) and GNT+DIA groups for 8 days. Parotid oxidative stress parameters, besides inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, were evaluated. Salivary flow rate, transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRCP1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in parotid tissue were measured. A parotid histopathological examination and an interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) immunohistochemical study were also performed. GNT significantly increased parotid oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic and CHOP biomarkers with decreased salivary flow rate and TRCP1 level. A histopathological picture of parotid damage and high IL-1β immunoexpression were detected. DIA significantly normalized the distributed oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic indicators, CHOP and TRCP1, with a prompt improvement in the histopathological picture and a decrease in IL-1β immunoexpression. These results reported that DIA protects against GNT-induced parotid toxicity via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/IL-1β and TRPC1/CHOP signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohamed Ali
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ahmed Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of MedicineMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt
| | - Michael Atef Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt
| | - Medhat Atta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of MedicineMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt
| | - Nermeen N. Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of History of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
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Xiang Y, Fan D, An Q, Zhang T, Wu X, Ding J, Xu X, Yue G, Tang S, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Effects of Ion-Transporting Proteins on the Digestive System Under Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:870243. [PMID: 36187789 PMCID: PMC9515906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.870243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia refers to a state of oxygen limitation, which mainly mediates pathological processes in the human body and participates in the regulation of normal physiological processes. In the hypoxic environment, the main regulator of human body homeostasis is the hypoxia-inducible factor family (HIF). HIF can regulate the expression of many hypoxia-induced genes and then participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Ion-transporting proteins are extremely important types of proteins. Ion-transporting proteins are distributed on cell membranes or organelles and strictly control the inflow or outflow of ions in cells or organelles. Changes in ions in cells are often closely related to extensive physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Numerous studies have confirmed that hypoxia and its regulatory factors can regulate the transcription and expression of ion-transporting protein-related genes. Under hypoxic stress, the regulation and interaction of ion-transporting proteins by hypoxia often leads to diseases of various human systems and even tumors. Using ion-transporting proteins and hypoxia as targets to explore the mechanism of digestive system diseases and targeted therapy is expected to become a new breakthrough point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Qimin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Xu, ; Rui Xie,
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Xu, ; Rui Xie,
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7
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Latour YL, Sierra JC, McNamara KM, Smith TM, Luis PB, Schneider C, Delgado AG, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Piazuelo MB, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Ornithine Decarboxylase in Gastric Epithelial Cells Promotes the Immunopathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:796-805. [PMID: 35896340 PMCID: PMC9378675 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonization by Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric diseases, ranging from superficial gastritis to more severe pathologies, including intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma. The interplay of the host response and the pathogen affect the outcome of disease. One major component of the mucosal response to H. pylori is the activation of a strong but inefficient immune response that fails to control the infection and frequently causes tissue damage. We have shown that polyamines can regulate H. pylori-induced inflammation. Chemical inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which generates the polyamine putrescine from l-ornithine, reduces gastritis in mice and adenocarcinoma incidence in gerbils infected with H. pylori However, we have also demonstrated that Odc deletion in myeloid cells enhances M1 macrophage activation and gastritis. Here we used a genetic approach to assess the specific role of gastric epithelial ODC during H. pylori infection. Specific deletion of the gene encoding for ODC in gastric epithelial cells reduces gastritis, attenuates epithelial proliferation, alters the metabolome, and downregulates the expression of immune mediators induced by H. pylori Inhibition of ODC activity or ODC knockdown in human gastric epithelial cells dampens H. pylori-induced NF-κB activation, CXCL8 mRNA expression, and IL-8 production. Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the progression to more severe pathologies associated with H. pylori infection, and we now show that epithelial ODC plays an important role in mediating this inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kara M McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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8
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Anil SM, Peeri H, Koltai H. Medical Cannabis Activity Against Inflammation: Active Compounds and Modes of Action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908198. [PMID: 35614947 PMCID: PMC9124761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation often develops from acute, chronic, or auto-inflammatory disorders that can lead to compromised organ function. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) has been used to treat inflammation for millennia, but its use in modern medicine is hampered by a lack of scientific knowledge. Previous studies report that cannabis extracts and inflorescence inhibit inflammatory responses in vitro and in pre-clinical and clinical trials. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a modulator of immune system activity, and dysregulation of this system is involved in various chronic inflammations. This system includes cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in endocannabinoid metabolism. Cannabis produces a large number of phytocannabinoids and numerous other biomolecules such as terpenes and flavonoids. In multiple experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo, several phytocannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), exhibit activity against inflammation. These phytocannabinoids may bind to ECS and/or other receptors and ameliorate various inflammatory-related diseases by activating several signaling pathways. Synergy between phytocannabinoids, as well as between phytocannabinoids and terpenes, has been demonstrated. Cannabis activity can be improved by selecting the most active plant ingredients (API) while eliminating parts of the whole extract. Moreover, in the future cannabis components might be combined with pharmaceutical drugs to reduce inflammation.
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9
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Peng K, Deng L, Wei J, Zhao J, Deng H, Tao Q, Jiang C, Zeng Y, Li F, Zhang R, Sun X, Xu Z, Zhu L. Transcriptome Analyses of Senecavirus A-Infected PK-15 Cells: RIG-I and IRF7 Are the Important Factors in Inducing Type III Interferons. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846343. [PMID: 35308346 PMCID: PMC8931416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a new type of virus related to swine vesicular disease, which results in enormous economic losses worldwide. At present, the host transcriptional responses to SVA infection, host-SVA interactions, and the mechanism of SVA in innate immune modulation are not well understood. This study explores the gene expression profiles of PK-15 cells at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 h SVA post-infection by RNA sequencing. Our analysis identified 61, 510, 1,584, 2,460, and 2,359 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison groups S6 vs. Control, S12 vs. Control, S18 vs. Control, S24 vs. Control, S36 vs. Control, respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability of the results were validated by RT-qPCR, and all DEGs exhibited expression patterns consistent with the RNA-seq results. According to GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs in different periods after SVA infection, we found that SVA infection significantly modified the host cell gene-expression patterns and the host cells responded in highly specific manners, including response to signal reception and transmission, external biotic stimulus, response to the virus and host immune defense response. Notably, we observed the specific induction of type III interferon IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ3, which indicated that type III interferon plays an important antiviral function in PK-15 cells. Furthermore, our results showed that SVA might be recognized by RIG-I/MDA-5 receptors first after infecting PK-15 cells and then activates downstream IRF7-mediated signaling pathways, causing an increase in the expression of type III interferon. This study could provide important insights into the modulation of host metabolism during SVA infection and provide a strong theoretical basis for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism and immune escape mechanism of SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianfeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubing Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rubo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhu,
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10
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Abdelzaher WY, Nassan MA, Ahmed SM, Welson NN, El-Saber Batiha G, Khalaf HM. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Febuxostat Is Effective against 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Parotid Salivary Gland Injury in Rats Via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Targeting TRPC1/CHOP Signalling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020232. [PMID: 35215344 PMCID: PMC8880727 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research aimed to examine the ameliorative role of febuxostat (FEB), a highly potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor, against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced parotid salivary gland damage in rats, as FEB is a pleiotropic drug that has multiple pharmacological effects. A total of 32 Wistar adult male rats were randomly arranged into four groups. Group 1: the control group; given only the vehicle for 14 days, then given a saline i.p. injection from the 10th to the 14th day. Group 2: the FEB group; rats received FEB (10 mg/kg) once daily po for 14 days before receiving a saline i.p. injection from the 10th to the 14th day. Group 3: the 5-FU group; from the 10th to the 14th day, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (35 mg/kg/day). Group 4: the FEB/5-FU group; rats were pre-treated with FEB po for 14 days before receiving 5-FU i.p injections for five consecutive days from the 10th to the 14th day. Parotid gland damage was detected histologically and biochemically by the evaluation of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide levels (NOx)), oxidant defences (reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), and transient receptor potential canonical1 (TRCP1) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). FEB pre-treatment reduced MDA, TNF-, and IL-1 while increasing SOD, GSH, and NOx. FEB also significantly increased TRPC1 and decreased CHOP in parotid gland tissue. In conclusion, FEB pre-treatment reduced 5-FU-induced parotid salivary gland damage not only through its powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but also through its effect on the TRPC1/CHOP signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (W.Y.A.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Mohamed A. Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sabreen Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Deraya University, New Minia City 61768, Egypt
| | - Nermeen N. Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Hanaa Mohamed Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (W.Y.A.); (H.M.K.)
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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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12
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Shabani E, Kalantari H, Kalantar M, Goudarzi M, Mansouri E, Kalantar H. Berberine ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:301. [PMID: 34930229 PMCID: PMC8690423 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major urologic problem that mostly develops in older males. Oxidative stress and inflammation influence the occurrence of BPH. Berberine (BBR) is a natural ingredient that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current research aims at examining the effects of BBR on testosterone-stimulated BPH in rats. METHODS Animals were randomly categorized to six groups. In the control group, normal saline and olive oil were injected as the vehicle. BPH group: received testosterone (3 mg/kg, subcutaneous, 28 days), BPH + BBR groups; received BBR (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o, 28 days), BPH + finasteride groups: received finasteride (1 mg/kg, p.o, 28 days), BBR (50 mg/kg, p.o, alone) was administered for subjects in the BBR group. On the 29th day, after anesthesia, cervical dislocation was used to kill the subjects. Serum concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone was measured and prostate tissues were excised and used for biochemical, inflammation, and histological analysis. RESULTS BBR prevented increased serum concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. BBR considerably reduced BPH-stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation through preventing the rise in lipid peroxidation and nitrite concentration and declined the accumulations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α) and declining the depletion rate of GSH and the function of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Histopathological investigations reported that administration of BBR could suppress testosterone-stimulated BPH. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that BBR could significantly prevent the development of BPH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shabani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kalantar
- Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Behl T, Rana T, Alotaibi GH, Shamsuzzaman M, Naqvi M, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Almoshari Y, Abdellatif AAH, Iqbal MS, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Polyphenols inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112545. [PMID: 34922112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders affecting people of all ages worldwide. Despite significant heterogeneity between studies, increased inflammation and oxidative stress have been found in depression. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. In the current review, we discussed the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in depressive disorder and the association between these markers and the antidepressant treatment. The role of natural polyphenols in regulating various cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation has also been reviewed. The inhibitory effect of polyphenols on several cell signaling pathways reveals the vital role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorder. Understanding the mechanism of polyphenols implicated in the regulation of cell signaling pathways is essential for the identification of lead compounds and the development of novel effective compounds for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ghallab H Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaz Naqvi
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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14
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Oral N-acetylcysteine as an adjunct to standard medical therapy improved heart function in cases with stable class II and III systolic heart failure. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:2063-2075. [PMID: 34727343 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research attempted to assess whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as adjunctive therapy can be useful in the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Fifty-five cases with diagnosed systolic HF and stable symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II and III and on optimal medical treatment of HF for at least 3 months were assigned for receiving oral NAC (600 mg twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. The outcomes were changes in the echocardiographic hemodynamic indices as well as the patients' functional capacity assessed by NYHA classification over a 12-week treatment. RESULTS Compared to placebo, NAC more significantly improved the systolic left ventricular (LV) function expressed as the ejection fraction and Tei index. These changes are accompanied by more improvement in other LV echocardiographic indices including LV end-diastolic volume index and LV global longitudinal strain in the patients receiving NAC in comparison with those receiving placebo. In parallel with the improvement of LV function, right ventricular (RV) function expressed as RV fractional area change and RV Tei-index also got more improvement in those receiving NAC than those receiving placebo. However, the change in RV global longitudinal strain did not show a significant difference between study groups. Additionally, at week 12, the distribution of the NYHA functional class also shifted toward a better outcome in the NAC group in comparison with the placebo group; however, it was not significant. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data support experimental findings showing that NAC supplementation is able to improve heart function. TRIAL REGISTRATION The registration of the trial was done at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ). Identifier code: IRCT20120215009014N333. Registration date: 2020-01-11.
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15
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Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and m 6A RNA Methylation in Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6545728. [PMID: 34484567 PMCID: PMC8416400 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6545728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. Excessive ROS levels are an important factor in tumor development. Damage stimulation and excessive activation of oncogenes cause elevated ROS production in cancer, accompanied by an increase in the antioxidant capacity to retain redox homeostasis in tumor cells at an increased level. Although moderate concentrations of ROS produced in cancer cells contribute to maintaining cell survival and cancer progression, massive ROS accumulation can exert toxicity, leading to cancer cell death. RNA modification is a posttranscriptional control mechanism that regulates gene expression and RNA metabolism, and m6A RNA methylation is the most common type of RNA modification in eukaryotes. m6A modifications can modulate cellular ROS levels through different mechanisms. It is worth noting that ROS signaling also plays a regulatory role in m6A modifications. In this review, we concluded the effects of m6A modification and oxidative stress on tumor biological functions. In particular, we discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and m6A modifications.
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16
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Khadrawy YA, Hosny EN, El-Gizawy MM, Sawie HG, Aboul Ezz HS. The Effect of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Cisplatin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Wistar Albino Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:433-443. [PMID: 33548025 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cardiotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs as cisplatin has become a major issue in recent years. The present study investigates the efficacy of curcumin nanoparticles against the cardiotoxic effects of cisplatin by assessment of oxidative stress parameters, Na+,K+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in cardiac tissue in addition to serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Rats were divided into three groups: control rats that received saline for 14 days; cisplatin-treated rats that received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (12 mg/kg) followed by a daily oral administration of saline (0.9%) for 14 days and rats treated with a single i.p. injection of cisplatin (12 mg/kg) followed by a daily oral administration of curcumin nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Cisplatin resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), and TNF-α and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and Na+, K+- ATPase activity. Moreover, significant increases in cardiac AchE and serum lactate dehydrogenase activities were recorded. Treatment of cisplatin-injected animals with curcumin nanoparticles ameliorated all the alterations induced by cisplatin in the heart of rats. This suggests that curcumin nanoparticles can be used as an important therapeutic adjuvant in chemotherapeutic and other toxicities mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St., Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St., Giza, Egypt
| | - Mayada M El-Gizawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St., Giza, Egypt
| | - Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St., Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba S Aboul Ezz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Ghezzi P. Redox regulation of immunity and the role of small molecular weight thiols. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102001. [PMID: 33994345 PMCID: PMC8212150 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is thought that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be a causal component in many diseases, some of which have an inflammatory component. This led to an oversimplification whereby ROS are seen as inflammatory and antioxidants anti-inflammatory. This paper aims at reviewing some of the literature on thiols in host defense. The review will first summarize the mechanisms by which we survive infections by pathogens. Then we will consider how the redox field evolved from the concept of oxidative stress to that of redox regulation and how it intersects the field of innate immunity. A third section will analyze how an oversimplified oxidative stress theory of disease led to a hypothesis on the role of ROS and glutathione (GSH) in immunity, respectively as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Finally, we will discuss some recent research and how to think out of the box of that oversimplification and link the role of thiols in redox regulation to the mechanisms by which we survive an infection outlined in the first section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Great Britain, BN1 9RY, UK.
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18
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Tang L, Zhong H, Danzeng D, Liang C, Liu S. The Neuroprotective Effect of Byu d Mar 25 in LPS-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8879014. [PMID: 33727946 PMCID: PMC7936888 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8879014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Byu d Mar 25 (BM25) has been suggested to have protective effects in the central nervous system. However, the effect of BM25 on AD has not been determined. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of BM25 in AD. A total of 40 AD model mice were randomly assigned to the following five groups (n = 8 per group): the AD + NS group, the AD + donepezil group, and three AD + BM25 groups treated with either 58.39 mg/kg (AD + BM25-L), 116.77 mg/kg (AD + BM25-M), or 233.54 mg/kg BM25 (AD + BM25-H). The Morris water maze test was performed to assess alterations in spatial learning and memory deficits. Nissl staining was performed to detect Nissl bodies and neuronal damage. The expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was evaluated by ELISA. The protein expression of P-P38, P38, P-IκBα, caspase 1, COX2, and iNOS was determined by western blotting. The expression of Aβ, p-Tau, and CD11b was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2, and iNOS were measured by qRT-PCR. Spatial memory significantly improved in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups compared with the AD + NS group (p < 0.05). The expression of Aβ and p-Tau significantly decreased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). The neuron density and hierarchy and number of pyramidal neurons significantly increased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of CD11b, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2, iNOS, caspase 1, p-IκBα, and p-P38 significantly decreased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that BM25 may exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in AD model mice by suppressing the activity of microglia and inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Woman and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongcang Zhang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dunzhu Danzeng
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Cuiting Liang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Woman and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan 610041, China
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Yang H, Kalhoro MS, Kalhoro DH. Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2610-2619. [PMID: 32268861 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200408101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. METHODS This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases. RESULTS Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models. CONCLUSION Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box: 128, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (SBBUVAS), Sakrand, 67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Muhammad S Kalhoro
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 12120, Thailand
| | - Dildar H Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh
Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
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Amelioration of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia using febuxostat in rats: The role of VEGF/TGFβ and iNOS/COX-2. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173631. [PMID: 33031799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male disorder. Febuxostat is a non-purine, selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), which has a strong antioxidant capacity and pleiotropic pharmacological properties. This study's objective was to explore the potential ameliorative effects of febuxostat against testosterone-induced BPH in rats. Febuxostat (10 mg/kg/day, per os [p.o.]) prevented increased prostate index levels, serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and testosterone levels compared to animals treated with testosterone alone, when administered for 28 days. Histological examination indicated that febuxostat dramatically ameliorated pathological changes in the prostate architecture compared to the testosterone group. Similarly, febuxostat markedly improved testosterone-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the increase in lipid peroxide and nitrite content, and by reducing the level of depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which significantly reduced the prostate content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, febuxostat significantly reduced the prostatic content, both in terms of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels, and of protein levels. Moreover, compared to the testosterone group, febuxostat's beneficial effects prevented the increase in growth factors, comprising vascular endothelial cell growth factor A (VEGF-A) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) protein levels. Its ameliorating effects were equal to those of finasteride, which is the most widely used remedy for BPH. In conclusion, this study provides novel evidence that febuxostat experimentally attenuates testosterone-induced BPH in rats, at least in part by inhibiting iNOS/COX-2 and VEGF/TGF-β pathways.
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Tung YT, Pan CH, Chien YW, Huang HY. Edible Mushrooms: Novel Medicinal Agents to Combat Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4970-4981. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200831151316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of conditions and associated with an increased risk of developing
diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Edible mushrooms are widely consumed in many countries
and are valuable components of the diet because of their attractive taste, aroma, and nutritional value. Medicinal
mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low-fat content and a transisomer
of unsaturated fatty acids along with high fiber content, biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides
or polysaccharide β-glucans, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols and terpenoids. In vitro experiments, animal
models, and even human studies have demonstrated not only fresh edible mushroom but also mushroom
extract that has great therapeutic applications in human health as they possess many properties such as antiobesity,
cardioprotective and anti-diabetic effect. They are considered as the unmatched source of healthy foods
and drugs. The focus of this report was to provide a concise and complete review of the novel medicinal properties
of fresh or dry mushroom and extracts, fruiting body or mycelium and its extracts, fiber, polysaccharides,
beta-glucan, triterpenes, fucoidan, ergothioneine from edible mushrooms that may help to prevent or treat metabolic
syndrome and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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Hermann BT, Wuertz S, Vanselow KH, Schulz C, Stiller KT. Divergent gene expression in the gills of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) exposed to chronic severe hypercapnia indicates dose-dependent increase in intracellular oxidative stress and hypoxia. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:72-80. [PMID: 30458405 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide are a common stressor for fish and other aquatic animals. In particular, intensive aquaculture can impose prolonged periods of severe environmental hypercapnia, manifold exceeding CO2 concentrations of natural habitats. In order to cope with this stressor, gills are essential and constitute the primary organ in the acclimatization process. Yet, despite a general understanding of changes in ion regulation, not much is known with regard to other cellular mechanisms. In this study, we apply RT-qPCR to investigate changes in the expression of several genes associated with metabolism, stress and immunity within gills of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) after an eight-week exposure to different concentrations of CO2 (low = ∼3000 μatm, medium = ∼15,000 μatm and high = ∼25,000 μatm CO2). Histological examination of the gill tissue only found a significant increase of hypertrophied secondary lamella in the highest tested treatment level. gene expression results, on the other hand, implied both, mutual and dose-dependent transcriptional adjustments. Comparable up-regulation of IL-1ß, LMP7 and Grim19 at medium and high hypercapnia indicated an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within gill cells. Simultaneous increase in Akirin and PRDX transcripts at medium CO2 indicated enhanced anti-oxidant activity and regulation of transcription, while reduced mRNA concentrations of COX, EF1α and STAT2 at high CO2 denoted suppressed protein synthesis and reduced metabolic capacity. In addition to upregulated DFAD and ApoE expression, implying compensating repair measures, gills exposed to the highest tested treatment level seemed to operate close to or even beyond their maximum capacity. Thus, fitting the model of capacity limitation, our results provide evidence for accretive intracellular hypoxia and oxidative stress in the gills of turbot, dependent on the level of environmental hypercapnia. Further, genes, such as COX, may be valuable biomarkers when attempting to discriminate between a successful and an overpowered stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd T Hermann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sven Wuertz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Dept. Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus H Vanselow
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department for Marine Aquaculture, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany; Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur (GMA), Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Kevin T Stiller
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany; Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur (GMA), Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum, Germany; Nofima AS, Sjølseng, NO-6600, Sunndalsøra, Norway
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Yahfoufi N, Alsadi N, Jambi M, Matar C. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1618. [PMID: 30400131 PMCID: PMC6266803 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review offers a systematic understanding about how polyphenols target multiple inflammatory components and lead to anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It provides a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds. Polyphenols regulate immunity by interfering with immune cell regulation, proinflammatory cytokines' synthesis, and gene expression. They inactivate NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and modulate mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPk) and arachidonic acids pathways. Polyphenolic compounds inhibit phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AkT), inhibitor of kappa kinase/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (IKK/JNK), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which is a protein complex that controls protein synthesis, and JAK/STAT. They can suppress toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory genes' expression. Their antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids contribute as well to their anti-inflammation properties. They inhibit certain enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species ROS production like xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase (NOX) while they upregulate other endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Px). Furthermore, they inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) leading to a reduction in the production of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) and inflammation antagonism. The effects of these biologically active compounds on the immune system are associated with extended health benefits for different chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies of plant extracts and compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegeneration, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Yahfoufi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
| | - Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
| | - Majed Jambi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
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Long-Term Resveratrol Supplementation as a Secondary Prophylaxis for Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4147320. [PMID: 29743980 PMCID: PMC5878880 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4147320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, as well as a source of long-term disabilities and huge socioeconomic costs. This study investigates the effects of resveratrol, an antioxidant supplement, on blood pressure, weight status, glucose, and lipid profile in patients who had a stroke in the last 12 months. Two hundred and twenty-eight patients were divided into three groups: group I received only allopathic treatment (control group), while groups II and III received allopathic treatment with a daily supplementation of oral resveratrol (100 and 200 mg, resp.) for 12 months. In all groups, the changes of the studied parameters were monitored at 6 and 12 months from the initial evaluation. In groups II and III, resveratrol induced significant changes (p < 0.05) in the blood pressure, body mass index, as well as all parameters of the lipid profile, and glucose (in nondiabetic patients), compared to the control group. The supplementation of the allopathic treatment with resveratrol had a beneficial effect on all monitored parameters, which serve as major risk factors for stroke.
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Li Y, Lou C, Wang W. STIM1 deficiency protects the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:422-428. [PMID: 29305862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is unavoidable in various clinical conditions. Despite considerable investigation, the underlying molecular mechanism revealing liver I/R injury remains elusive. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) plays essential role in regulating the induction of cellular responses to a number of stress conditions, including temperature changes, elevated ROS, and hypoxia. Here, to explore if STIM1 is involved in hepatic injury, wild type (WT) and STIM1-knockout (STIM1-/-) mice were subjected to I/R. Our results indicated that the WT mice with hepatic I/R injury showed higher STIM1 expressions from gene and protein levels in liver tissue samples. Similar results were observed in hypoxia-exposed cells in vitro. Significantly, STIM1-/- attenuated hepatic injury compared to the WT mice after I/R, as evidenced by the improved pathological alterations in liver sections. WT mice subjected to liver I/R showed higher serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aminotransferase (AST) levels, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, which were significantly reduced by STIM1-/-. In addition, STIM1-/- also decreased the liver mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice after I/R injury. Furthermore, significantly decreased oxidative stress was found in STIM1-/- mice after I/R injury compared to the WT group of mice, evidenced by the enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in liver tissue samples. Moreover, STIM1-/- mice with hepatic I/R injury displayed the down-regulated nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT1), Orai1 and cleaved Caspase-3 levels in liver, contributing to apoptosis suppression. The results above were confirmed in hypoxia-treated cells lacking of STIM1 expression. Together, the findings suggested that STIM1-deletion protects the liver from I/R injury in mice through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. STIM1 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Chunyan Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Weiying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
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Scavenging reactive oxygen species inhibits status epilepticus-induced neuroinflammation. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:13-22. [PMID: 28822838 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been identified as an important mediator of seizures and epileptogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying seizure-induced neuroinflammation could lead to the development of novel therapies for the epilepsies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized as mediators of seizure-induced neuronal damage and are known to increase in models of epilepsies. ROS are also known to contribute to inflammation in several disease states. We hypothesized that ROS are key modulators of neuroinflammation i.e. pro-inflammatory cytokine production and microglial activation in acquired epilepsy. The role of ROS in modulating seizure-induced neuroinflammation was investigated in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) resulted in a time-dependent increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the hippocampus and piriform cortex. Scavenging ROS with a small-molecule catalytic antioxidant decreased SE-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and microglial activation, suggesting that ROS contribute to SE-induced neuroinflammation. Scavenging ROS also attenuated phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, the downstream target of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway indicating that this pathway might provide one mechanistic link between SE-induced ROS production and inflammation. Together, these results demonstrate that ROS contribute to SE-induced cytokine production and antioxidant treatment may offer a novel approach to control neuroinflammation in epilepsy.
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Chao CS, Tsai CS, Chang YP, Chen JM, Chin HK, Yang SC. Hyperin inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and activates nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 signaling pathways in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:517-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vergaro V, Aldieri E, Fenoglio I, Marucco A, Carlucci C, Ciccarella G. Surface reactivity and in vitro toxicity on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) of nanomaterials intermediates of the production of titania-based composites. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Imai C, Harazaki T, Inoue S, Mochizuki K, Goda T. Treatment with DPP-4I Anagliptin or α-GI Miglitol Reduces IGT Development and the Expression of CVD Risk Factors in OLETF Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61:313-21. [PMID: 26440638 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that postprandial hyperglycemia from the pre-diabetic stage, especially from the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) stage, is positively associated with subsequent incidences of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4I) or an α-glucosidase inhibitor (α-GI), either of which suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia, reduces the expression of CVD risk factors in an IGT animal model. A DPP-4I, anagliptin (1,200 ppm), or an α-GI, miglitol (600 ppm), in the diet was administered for 47 wk to Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model for spontaneously-developed type 2 diabetes, at the IGT stage. We examined whether each treatment reduced the expression of CVD risk factors such as inflammatory cytokines/cytokine-like factors in peripheral leukocytes and adhesion molecules in the aortic tissues and circulation. Treatment with either drug reduced IGT development and repressed expression of the interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, S100a9, and S100a11 genes in peripheral leukocytes in the fasting state at weeks 25 and 39. The mRNA levels of E-selectin in aortic tissues and protein levels of the soluble forms of E-selectin and ICAM-1 in arterial blood were significantly lower in the anagliptin and miglitol groups than in the control group. Our results suggest that long-term treatment with anagliptin or miglitol in OLETF rats at the IGT stage suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral leukocytes and adhesion molecules in aortic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Imai
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Zhang W, Yin L, Tao X, Xu L, Zheng L, Han X, Xu Y, Wang C, Peng J. Dioscin alleviates dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver injury through regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:193-201. [PMID: 27317992 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, the effects of dioscin against alcohol-, carbon tetrachloride- and acetaminophen-induced liver damage have been found. However, the activity of it against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced acute liver injury remained unknown. In the present study, dioscin markedly decreased serum ALT and AST levels, significantly increased the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and decreased the levels of MDA, iNOS and NO. Mechanism study showed that dioscin significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IκBα, p50 and p65 through regulating TLR4/MyD88 pathway to rehabilitate inflammation. In addition, dioscin markedly up-regulated the expression levels of SIRT1, HO-1, NQO1, GST and GCLM through increasing nuclear translocation of Nrf2 against oxidative stress. Furthermore, dioscin significantly decreased the expression levels of FasL, Fas, p53, Bak, Caspase-3/9, and upregulated Bcl-2 level through decreasing IRF9 level against apoptosis. In conclusion, dioscin showed protective effect against DMN-induced acute liver injury via ameliorating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, which should be developed as a new candidate for the treatment of acute liver injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lingli Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Two opposite extremes of adiposity similarly reduce inflammatory response of antigen-induced acute joint inflammation. Nutrition 2016; 33:132-140. [PMID: 27427510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute inflammation is a normal response of tissue to an injury. During this process, inflammatory mediators are produced and metabolic alterations occur. Adipose tissue is metabolically activated, and upon food consumption, it disrupts the inflammatory response. However, little is known about the acute inflammatory response in joints that results from diet-induced adipose tissue remodeling. The objective of this study was to determine whether alterations in adipose tissue mass arising from food consumption modify the inflammatory response of antigen-induced joint inflammation in mice. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were fed a chow diet, a highly refined carbohydrate-containing (HC) diet for 8 wk. They were then immunized and, after 2 wk, received a knee injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA). They were sacrificed at 6, 24, and 48 h after injection. The effect of the cafeteria diet for 8 wk, which also increases adipose tissue, or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation for 4 wk, a model of lipodystrophy, was evaluated 24 h after knee challenge with mBSA. RESULTS Cellular influx, predominantly neutrophils, in synovial fluid was attenuated in the HC diet group, as were levels of myeloperoxidase and IL-1β in periarticular tissue and histopathological analysis. These responses were associated with reduced adiponectin and increased leptin in serum, which was pronounced in mice fed the HC diet. Cafeteria diet and CLA supplementation induced a profile similar to that seen with the HC diet in terms of inflammation, disease response, and metabolic alteration. Interestingly, after the injection of mBSA, the area of adipocytes in the infrapatellar fat pad increased in mice fed with chow diet similar to those fed the HC and cafeteria diet. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that attenuation of joint response induced by diet was independent of adipose tissue remodeling but could be associated with metabolic alterations.
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Korkina L. Metabolic and redox barriers in the skin exposed to drugs and xenobiotics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:377-88. [PMID: 26854731 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1149569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing exposure of human skin to environmental and occupational hazards, to numerous skin care/beauty products, and to topical drugs led to a biomedical concern regarding sustainability of cutaneous chemical defence that is essential for protection against intoxication. Since skin is the largest extra-hepatic drug/xenobiotic metabolising organ where redox-dependent metabolic pathways prevail, in this review, publications on metabolic processes leading to redox imbalance (oxidative stress) and its autocrine/endocrine impact to cutaneous drug/xenobiotic metabolism were scrutinised. AREAS COVERED Chemical and photo-chemical skin barriers contain metabolic and redox compartments: their protective and homeostatic functions. The review will examine the striking similarity of adaptive responses to exogenous chemical/photo-chemical stressors and endogenous toxins in cutaneous metabolic and redox system; the role(s) of xenobiotics/drugs and phase II enzymes in the endogenous antioxidant defence and maintenance of redox balance; redox regulation of interactions between metabolic and inflammatory responses in skin cells; skin diseases sharing metabolic and redox problems (contact dermatitis, lupus erythematosus, and vitiligo) EXPERT OPINION Due to exceptional the redox dependence of cutaneous metabolic pathways and interaction of redox active metabolites/exogenous antioxidants with drug/xenobiotic metabolism, metabolic tests of topical xenobiotics/drugs should be combined with appropriate redox analyses and performed on 3D human skin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Korkina
- a Scientific Direction, Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations 'NANOLAB' , Moscow , Russia
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Movafagh S, Crook S, Vo K. Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a by reactive oxygen species: new developments in an old debate. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:696-703. [PMID: 25546605 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) has been largely studied for its role in cell survival in hypoxic conditions. The regulation of HIF-1 is a complex process and involves a number of molecules and pathways. Among these mechanisms a direct regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on HIF-1 alpha subunit has received a great deal of attention and the existing body of literature includes many contradictory findings. Other intermediates such as nitric oxide (NO), specific microRNAs (miR), and transcriptional and post-translational modification have also been implicated as players in ROS mediated HIF-1a regulation. The focus of this review is to present the past conflicting evidence along with more recent findings in order to relate various aspects of this complex process. Aside from the direct role of ROS on HIF-1a regulation under hypoxia and normoxia, we analyzed the effect of different sources and concentrations of NO and the interplay between superoxide (SO) and NO in this process. We also present findings on transcriptional and translational regulation of HIF-1a via ROS and the interplay with microRNAs in this process. This review further provides insight on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling as a common mechanism relating several pathways of ROS mediated HIF-1a regulation. Ultimately further research and discovery regarding HIF-1 regulation by oxidative stress is warranted for better understanding of disease development and potential therapeutics for pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Movafagh
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Ashburn, Virginia
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Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death, long-term disability, and socioeconomic costs, highlighting the urgent need for more effective treatments. Intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved therapy to re-establish cerebral blood flow. However, because of increased risk of hemorrhage beyond 3 h post stroke, few stroke patients (1-2%) benefit from t-PA; t-PA, which has neurotoxic effects, can also aggravate the extent of reperfusion injury by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability. An alternative strategy is needed to extend the window of intervention, minimize damage from reperfusion injury, and promote brain repair leading to neurological recovery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated soon after ischemia and during reperfusion and thereafter, are considered the main mediators of ischemic injury. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, etc. can neutralize ROS-mediated injury but their effective delivery to the brain remains a challenge. In this article, we review various therapeutic approaches including surgical interventions, and discuss the potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidants for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder Jaffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Dong D, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Peng J. Naringin prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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36
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E. Abdel-Salam OM, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Elhamed WAA. Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Other Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Serum of Autistic Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmip.2015.51002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fosen KM, Thom SR. Hyperbaric oxygen, vasculogenic stem cells, and wound healing. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1634-47. [PMID: 24730726 PMCID: PMC4175035 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is recognized as playing a role in stem cell mobilization from peripheral sites and also cell function. RECENT ADVANCES This review focuses on the impact of hyperoxia on vasculogenic stem cells and elements of wound healing. CRITICAL ISSUES Components of the wound-healing process in which oxidative stress has a positive impact on the various cells involved in wound healing are highlighted. A slightly different view of wound-healing physiology is adopted by departing from the often used notion of sequential stages: hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling and instead organizes the cascade of wound healing as overlapping events or waves pertaining to reactive oxygen species, lactate, and nitric oxide. This was done because hyperoxia has effects of a number of cell signaling events that converge to influence cell recruitment/chemotaxis and gene regulation/protein synthesis responses which mediate wound healing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Our alternative perspective of the stages of wound healing eases recognition of the multiple sites where oxidative stress has an impact on wound healing. This aids the focus on mechanistic events and the interplay among various cell types and biochemical processes. It also highlights the areas where additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina M. Fosen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen R. Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lee JE, Lim MS, Park JH, Park CH, Koh HC. Nuclear NF-κB contributes to chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis through p53 signaling in human neural precursor cells. Neurotoxicology 2014; 42:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yang YM, Park S, Ji H, Kim TI, Kim EK, Kang KK, Shin DM. DA-6034 Induces [Ca(2+)]i Increase in Epithelial Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:89-94. [PMID: 24757369 PMCID: PMC3994308 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DA-6034, a eupatilin derivative of flavonoid, has shown potent effects on the protection of gastric mucosa and induced the increases in fluid and glycoprotein secretion in human and rat corneal and conjunctival cells, suggesting that it might be considered as a drug for the treatment of dry eye. However, whether DA-6034 induces Ca2+ signaling and its underlying mechanism in epithelial cells are not known. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism for actions of DA-6034 in Ca2+ signaling pathways of the epithelial cells (conjunctival and corneal cells) from human donor eyes and mouse salivary gland epithelial cells. DA-6034 activated Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) and increased intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in primary cultured human conjunctival cells. DA-6034 also increased [Ca2+]i in mouse salivary gland cells and human corneal epithelial cells. [Ca2+]i increase of DA-6034 was dependent on the Ca2+ entry from extracellular and Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores. Interestingly, these effects of DA-6034 were related to ryanodine receptors (RyRs) but not phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) pathway and lysosomal Ca2+ stores. These results suggest that DA-6034 induces Ca2+ signaling via extracellular Ca2+ entry and RyRs-sensitive Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Soonhong Park
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hyewon Ji
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Tae-Im Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Kyung Koo Kang
- Research Institutes, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yongin 446-905, Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Yamazaki J, Mochizuki K, Miyauchi R, Ichikawa Y, Goda T. Circulating interleukin-1β concentrations are independently-positively associated with γ-glutamyltransferase activity within the normal range in middle-aged apparently healthy Japanese women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 59:526-32. [PMID: 24477249 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, which is known to induce the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and its complications, were positively associated with γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) activity in middle-aged apparently healthy Japanese men. It was still unknown if the association between IL-1β concentrations and γ-GTP activity is within the normal range in apparently healthy Japanese women. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 824 apparently healthy women aged 40-64 y [mean±standard deviation age, 53.1±7.1 y; body mass index (BMI), 22.0±3.1 kg/m(2)] who participated in health checkups in Japan, and whose γ-GTP activity was within the normal range (<38 U/L). Associations of γ-GTP with IL-1β and other clinical or lifestyle factors were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) followed by Tukey's multiple-range test. Multivariate logistic regression analyses (MLRA) were performed with γ-GTP activity as the dependent variable; independent variables included IL-1β plus clinical and lifestyle factors. ANOVA and ANCOVA indicated that IL-1β concentrations were positively associated with γ-GTP activity. MLRA showed that γ-GTP activity showed trends for higher IL-1β concentrations after adjusting for age, BMI, energy intake, alcohol intake, and smoking status. Together, IL-1β concentrations are positively associated with γ-GTP activity within the normal range in middle-aged apparently healthy Japanese women. Our results suggest that γ-GTP activity would be useful for assessing inflammation from the healthy state in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, University of Shizuoka, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences
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Hahn T, Polanczyk MJ, Borodovsky A, Ramanathapuram LV, Akporiaye ET, Ralph SJ. Use of anti-cancer drugs, mitocans, to enhance the immune responses against tumors. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2013; 14:357-76. [PMID: 22201597 DOI: 10.2174/1389201011314030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs in cancer therapy are used with the expectation of selectively killing and thereby eliminating the offending cancer cells. If they should die in an appropriate manner, the cells can also release danger signals that promote an immune reaction that reinforces the response against the cancer. The identity of these immune-enhancing danger signals, how they work extra- and intracellularly, and the molecular mechanisms by which some anti-cancer drugs induce cell death to bring about the release of danger signals are the major focus of this review. A specific group of mitocans, the vitamin E analogs that act by targeting mitochondria to drive ROS production and also promote a more immunogenic means of cancer cell death exemplify such anti-cancer drugs. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the events leading to the activation of the inflammasome and pro-inflammatory mediators induced by dying cancer cell mitochondria are discussed along with the evidence for their contribution to promoting immune responses against cancer. Current knowledge of how the danger signals interact with immune cells to boost the anti-tumor response is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hahn
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Ave., Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Frizzell RA, Hanrahan JW. Physiology of epithelial chloride and fluid secretion. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 2:a009563. [PMID: 22675668 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial salt and water secretion serves a variety of functions in different organ systems, such as the airways, intestines, pancreas, and salivary glands. In cystic fibrosis (CF), the volume and/or composition of secreted luminal fluids are compromised owing to mutations in the gene encoding CFTR, the apical membrane anion channel that is responsible for salt secretion in response to cAMP/PKA stimulation. This article examines CFTR and related cellular transport processes that underlie epithelial anion and fluid secretion, their regulation, and how these processes are altered in CF disease to account for organ-specific secretory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Frizzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Kerem E, Ferkol T, Elizur A. Airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Thorax 2013; 68:1157-62. [PMID: 23704228 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells and immune cells participate in the inflammatory process responsible for much of the pathology found in the lung of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Intense bronchial neutrophilic inflammation and release of proteases and oxygen radicals perpetuate the vicious cycle and progressively damage the airways. In vitro studies suggest that CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-deficient airway epithelial cells display signalling abnormalities and aberrant intracellular processes which lead to transcription of inflammatory mediators. Several transcription factors, especially nuclear factor-κB, are activated. In addition, the accumulation of abnormally processed CFTR in the endoplasmic reticulum results in unfolded protein responses that trigger 'cell stress' and apoptosis leading to dysregulation of the epithelial cells and innate immune function in the lung, resulting in exaggerated and ineffective airway inflammation. Measuring airway inflammation is crucial for initiating treatment and monitoring its effect. No inflammatory biomarker predictive for the clinical course of CF lung disease is currently known, although neutrophil elastase seems to correlate with lung function decline. CF animal models mimicking human lung disease may provide an important insight into the pathogenesis of lung inflammation in CF and identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Cohen-Cymberknoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, , Jerusalem, Israel
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Lee CS, Jeong EB, Kim YJ, Lee MS, Seo SJ, Park KH, Lee MW. Quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside inhibits TNF-α-activated NF-κB-induced inflammatory mediator production by suppressing ERK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:481-7. [PMID: 23684917 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin and its derivatives have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, the effect of quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (QGR), a new quercetin derivative, on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes is unclear. In addition, the effect of QGR on the ERK and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory process has not been studied. In human keratinocyte HaCat cells, we investigated the effect of QGR on the TNF-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in relation to the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which regulates the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. QGR inhibited the TNF-α-stimulated production of cytokines and chemokines in HaCaT cells. QGR, dexamethasone, cyclosporine A, Bay 11-7085 (an inhibitor of NF-κB activation) and cell signaling ERK inhibitor attenuated the TNF-α-induced formation of inflammatory mediators and activation of the NF-κB and ERK. Unlike other compounds, dexamethasone and cyclosporine A did not reduce formation of reactive oxygen species. The results show that QGR may attenuate TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory mediator production in HaCaT cells by suppressing the activation of the ERK-mediated NF-κB pathway that is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Additionally, QGR may exhibit a preventive effect against the proinflammatory mediator-induced skin diseases by inhibiting the activation of the ERK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
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Selenium-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and immunity in periparturient dairy cattle. Vet Med Int 2013; 2013:154045. [PMID: 23401850 PMCID: PMC3557619 DOI: 10.1155/2013/154045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled or impaired immune and inflammatory responses in periparturient dairy cows are associated with increased incidence and severity of infectious diseases. The progressive development of oxidative stress during the transition from late gestation to peak lactation is thought to be a significant underlying factor leading to dysfunctional immune cell responses. Certain trace minerals, such as selenium (Se), can ameliorate oxidative stress and reduce the severity of several economically important diseases in dairy cattle including mastitis and metritis. Many of the health benefits of Se can be attributed to the antioxidant functions of selenoproteins. Changes in selenoprotein activity as a consequence of Se nutritional status can directly alter a number of critical cellular functions involved in the inflammatory response. A better understanding of how Se can optimize immune cell responses may facilitate the design of nutritional regimes that will reduce health disorders during the periparturient period.
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Bi J, Jiang B, Zorn A, Zhao RG, Liu P, An LJ. Catalpol inhibits LPS plus IFN-γ-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes primary cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:543-50. [PMID: 23164921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that the inflammatory reaction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous studies described the neuroprotective effects of catalpol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory models, in which catalpol was shown to prevent mesencephalic neuron death and ameliorate cognitive ability animals. To further investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of catalpol, astrocytes were pretreated with low (0.1mM) and high dose (0.5mM) catalpol for 1h prior to LPS plus interferon-γ stimulation. Biochemical analyses showed that NO and ROS production and iNOS activity were significantly reduced by catalpol. Data at transcriptional level also demonstrated that catalpol potently attenuated gene expressions involved in inflammation, such as iNOS, COX-2 and TLR4. In addition, our exploration further revealed that the suppressive action of catalpol on inflammation was mediated via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Collectively, these results suggest that catalpol can exert inhibitory effects on the inflammatory reaction in astrocytes and that inactivation of NF-κB could be the major determinant for its anti-inflammatory mechanism. Therefore, catalpol may potentially be a highly effective therapeutic agent in treating neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Suh JH, Kim RY, Lee DS. A new metabolomic assay to examine inflammation and redox pathways following LPS challenge. J Inflamm (Lond) 2012; 9:37. [PMID: 23036094 PMCID: PMC3507808 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Shifts in intracellular arginine (Arg) and sulfur amino acid (SAA) redox metabolism modulate macrophage activation, polarization and phenotype. Despite their importance in inflammation and redox regulatory pathways, comprehensive analysis of these metabolic networks was not previously possible with existing analytical methods. METHODS The Arg/thiol redox LC-MS/MS metabolomics assay permits simultaneous assessment of amino acids and derivative products generated from Arg and SAA metabolism. Using this assay, LPS-induced changes in macrophage amino acid metabolism were monitored to identify pathway shifts during activation and their linkage to cellular redox regulation. RESULTS Metabolite concentrations most significantly changed after treatment of a macrophage-like cell line (RAW) with LPS for 24 hrs were citrulline (Cit) (48-fold increase), ornithine (Orn) (8.5-fold increase), arginine (Arg) (66% decrease), and aspartic acid (Asp) (73% decrease). The ratio Cit + Orn/Arg + Asp (CO/AA) was more sensitive to LPS stimulation than other amino acid ratios commonly used to measure LPS-dependent inflammation (e.g., SAM/SAH, GSH/GSSG) and total media NOx. The CO/AA ratio was also the first ratio to change significantly after LPS treatment (4 hrs). Changes in the overall metabolomic profile over time indicated that metabolic pathways shifted from Arg catabolism to thiol oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous quantification of Arg and SAA metabolic pathway shifts following LPS challenge of macrophage indicate that, in this system, the Arg-Citrulline/NO cycle and arginase pathways are the amino acid metabolic pathways most sensitive to LPS-challenge. The cellular (Cit + Orn)/(Arg + Asp) ratio, which summarizes this pathway, was more responsive to lower concentrations of LPS and responded earlier than other metabolic biomarkers of macrophage activation including GSH redox. It is suggested that the CO/AA ratio is a redox- independent early biomarker of macrophage activation. The ability to measure both the CO/AA and GSH-redox ratios simultaneously permits quantification of the relative effects of LPS challenge on macrophage inflammation and oxidative stress pathways. The use of this assay in humans is discussed, as are clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Suh
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert Y Kim
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Lee
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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Yimin, Tao H, Kohanawa M, Zhao S, Kuge Y, Tamaki N. Ferrous ferric chloride downregulates the inflammatory response to Rhodococcus aurantiacus infection in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:2214-23. [PMID: 23006611 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The healthy drink Pairogen is mainly composed of ferrous ferric chloride water that reportedly changes the status of intracellular water from oxidative to antioxidative. Here, we investigated whether Pairogen affects host immune function in a murine model of granulomatous inflammation in response to Rhodococcus aurantiacus (R. aurantiacus) infection. Longitudinal ingestion of Pairogen markedly improved the survival of infected mice in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared to mice received water, mice that ingested 10-fold-diluted Pairogen displayed rapid bacterial elimination, decreased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, and high levels of IL-10 in organs during the initial phase of infection. Moreover, histological studies showed significant reduction in the number and size of granulomas as well as amelioration of oxidative stress in the livers of mice ingested 10-fold-diluted Pairogen at 14 d post-infection. These characteristics were further pronounced in first-generation (F1) mice that also ingested 10-fold-diluted Pairogen. Following stimulation with heat-killed R. aurantiacus, the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 by macrophages from F1 mice was similar to that detected in vivo, while their gene expression levels in these cells were significantly lower than the levels in macrophages from mice received water. Heat-killed R. aurantiacus also induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA in the cells from F1 mice. Taken together, these results indicate that Pairogen contributes to the negative regulation of the immuno-inflammatory response to R. aurantiacus infection in mice by modulating the cellular redox state. Longitudinal ingestion of Pairogen further enhances the defense function in mouse progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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Kim YJ, Jang ER, Lee JC, Seo SJ, Lee MW, Lee CS. Diarylheptanoid Hirsutenoxime Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated NF-κB Activation Regulated by Akt Pathway in Keratinocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 38:1207-22. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10008573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial products, including lipopolysaccharides, may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. We examined the effect of hirsutenoxime on the Toll-like receptor 4-mediated activation of Akt and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated keratinocytes. Hirsutenoxime, a cell signaling Akt inhibitor, and Bay 11-7085, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of Toll-like receptor 4, activation of NF-κB and Akt, and the production of chemokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Hirsutenoxime may reduce the Toll-like receptor 4 expression-mediated NF-κB activation, which is regulated by the Akt pathway in keratinocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharides. This effect may reduce the skin inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ra Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 156-755, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
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Laviano A, Molfino A, Seelaender M, Frascaria T, Bertini G, Ramaccini C, Bollea MR, Citro G, Fanelli FR. Carnitine Administration Reduces Cytokine Levels, Improves Food Intake, and Ameliorates Body Composition in Tumor-Bearing Rats. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:696-700. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.626476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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