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Sunde RA, Williams CS. Biography of Raymond F Burk Jr, MD (1942-2023). J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00106-8. [PMID: 38467388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sunde
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Mu J, Lei L, Zheng Y, Liu J, Li J, Li D, Wang G, Liu Y. Oxidative Stress Induced by Selenium Deficiency Contributes to Inflammation, Apoptosis and Necroptosis in the Lungs of Calves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040796. [PMID: 37107171 PMCID: PMC10135166 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for health that can only be obtained through food. However, the pathological processes of selenium deficiency in cattle have received little attention. This study investigated the effects of selenium deficiency on oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and necroptosis in the lungs of weaning calves compared with healthy calves as controls. The lung selenium content and the expression of 11 selenoproteins mRNA in selenium-deficient calves were substantially reduced compared with the controls. Pathological results showed engorged alveolar capillaries, thickened alveolar septa, and diffuse interstitial inflammation throughout the alveolar septa. The levels of GSH and T-AOC, as well as the CAT, SOD, and TrxR activities, were significantly decreased compared with healthy calves. MDA and H2O2 were significantly elevated. Meanwhile, the apoptosis activation in the Se-D group was validated. Next, in the Se-D group, several pro-inflammatory cytokines showed higher expression. Further research revealed that the lungs in the Se-D group experienced inflammation via hyperactive NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The high level of expression of c-FLIP, MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3 indicated that necroptosis also causes lung damage during selenium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mu
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingce Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ding Li
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Muhammad AI, Dalia AM, Loh TC, Akit H, Samsudin AA. Effect of organic and inorganic dietary selenium supplementation on gene expression in oviduct tissues and Selenoproteins gene expression in Lohman Brown-classic laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:281. [PMID: 34419016 PMCID: PMC8380377 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oviduct of a hen provides a conducive environment for egg formation, which needs a large amount of mineral elements from the blood via trans-epithelial permeability. Eggshell is the calcified layer on the outside of an egg that provides protection and is critical for egg quality. However, little is known about the genes or proteins involved in eggshell formation, and their relationship to dietary microminerals. We hypothesized that dietary selenium supplementation in chickens will influence genes involved in eggshell biomineralization, and improve laying hen antioxidant capacity. The objective of this research was to investigate how organic and inorganic dietary selenium supplementation affected mRNA expression of shell gland genes involved in eggshell biomineralization, and selenoproteins gene expression in Lohman Brown-Classic laying hens. Results Shell gland (Uterus) and liver tissue samples were collected from hens during the active growth phase of calcification (15–20 h post-ovulation) for RT-PCR analysis. In the oviduct (shell gland and magnum) and liver of laying hens, the relative expression of functional eggshell and hepatic selenoproteins genes was investigated. Results of qPCR confirmed the higher (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of OC-17 and OC-116 in shell gland of organic Se hen compared to inorganic and basal diet treatments. Similarly, dietary Se treatments affected the mRNA expression of OCX-32 and OCX-36 in the shell gland of laying hens. In the magnum, mRNA expression of OC-17 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in hens fed-bacterial organic, while OC-116 mRNA expression was down-regulated in dietary Se supplemented groups compared to non-Se supplemented hens. Moreover, when compared to sodium selenite, only ADS18 bacterial Se showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mRNA levels in GPX1, GPX4, DIO1, DIO2 and SELW1, while Se-yeast showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mRNA levels in TXNRD1 than the non-Se group. Conclusions Dietary Se supplementation especially that from a bacterial organic source, improved shell gland and hepatic selenoproteins gene expression in laying hens, indicating that it could be used as a viable alternative source of Se in laying hens. The findings could suggest that organic Se upregulation of shell gland genes and hepatic selenoproteins in laying hens is efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Muhammad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - A M Dalia
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - T C Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A A Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Mengistu BM, Bitsue HK, Huang K. The Effects of Selenium-Enriched Probiotics on Growth Performance, Oocysts Shedding, Intestinal Cecal Lesion Scores, Antioxidant Capacity, and mRNA Gene Expression in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:278-291. [PMID: 32222936 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of selenium-enriched probiotics (SP) supplementation on growth performance, oocysts shedding, intestinal lesions and antioxidant capacities, and mRNA gene expression of local Chinese yellow male chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. One-day-old 270 chickens were randomly assigned into five groups, each consisting of three replicates with 18 chickens per replicate. Chickens in the negative and positive controls (NC, PC, respectively) received basal diets only (0.11 mg Se/kg), whereas the other groups were supplied basal diets with probiotics and designated as (P, 0.11 mg Se/kg), sodium selenite (SS, 0.41 mg Se/kg), and (SP, 0.41 mg Se/kg) groups. At 21 days of age, except the NC group, all other groups were infected by oral gavage with 1.5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts per chicken. Three chickens were randomly selected from each group for serum, liver, and cecal specimen collection. The results showed that P, SS, and SP had significant increase weight gain and feed intake. Additionally, these groups showed higher activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) compared to the PC group, whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content remained lower. Moreover, P, SS, and SP groups had lower oocyst shedding and cecal lesion scores. Significant upregulation of the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4), Selenium W (SelW), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA expression were detected in the SP group, which was then followed by SS when compared to the P group, whereas mRNA expression down-regulated in the PC group compared to NC, P, SS, and SP. In the NC and P groups, there were no significant differences in mRNA expression, except that IFN-γ mRNA level upregulated in P. We concluded that selenium-enriched probiotic supplementation has profound effects in enhancing the growth performance, antioxidant capacities, mRNA gene expression, reduced of oocysts shedding, and the cecal lesion scores of chickens and do provide protection against E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhe Mekonnen Mengistu
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.B: 2084, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Habtom Kiros Bitsue
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.B: 2084, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Shi X, Wang W, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Xu S. Selenomethionine relieves inflammation in the chicken trachea caused by LPS though inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:525-535. [PMID: 31325027 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenomethionine is able to relieve the effect of inflammation in various tissues and organs. However, there are few studies about the influences of organic selenium resisting inflammation induced by LPS in chicken trachea. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is to explore the organic selenium (selenomethionine) can raise immune function and relieve the LPS-induced inflammation of chicken trachea via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. To investigate the mechanism of organic selenium on chicken trachea, the supplement of selenomethionine and/or LPS-induced chicken models were established. One hundred 46-week-old isa chickens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 25). The four groups were the control group, the selenomethionine group (Se group), the LPS-induced group (LPS group), and the Se and LPS interaction group (Se + LPS group). Then, the expressions of inflammatory factors (including induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E (PTGEs) synthase), inflammation-related cytokines (including interleukin (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17) and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgY)), the marker of immune function (avian β-defensins (AvBD6, AvBD7)), heat shock proteins (including HSP60, HSP90), and selenoproteins (including Selo, Sels, Selm, Selh, Selu, Seli, SPS2, GPx1, GPx2, Dio1, Sepx1, Sep15, Sepp1, Txnrd1) were detected in our experiment. The above genes were significantly changed in different groups (p < 0.05). We can conclude that organic selenium can increase the function of immunity and the expression of selenoproteins, and mitigate the inflammation induced by LPS via suppression of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Yang H, Qazi IH, Pan B, Angel C, Guo S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Ming Z, Zeng C, Meng Q, Han H, Zhou G. Dietary Selenium Supplementation Ameliorates Female Reproductive Efficiency in Aging Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120634. [PMID: 31835711 PMCID: PMC6969897 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Female reproductive (ovarian) aging is distinctively characterized by a markedly reduced reproductive function due to a remarkable decline in quality and quantity of follicles and oocytes. Selenium (Se) has been implicated in playing many important biological roles in male fertility and reproduction; however, its potential roles in female reproduction, particularly in aging subjects, remain poorly elucidated. Therefore, in the current study we used a murine model of female reproductive aging and elucidated how different Se-levels might affect the reproductive efficiency in aging females. Our results showed that at the end of an 8-week dietary trial, whole-blood Se concentration and blood total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly reduced in Se-deficient (0.08 mg Se/kg; Se-D) mice, whereas both of these biomarkers were significantly higher in inorganic (0.33 mg/kg; ISe-S) and organic (0.33 mg/kg; OSe-S) Se-supplemented groups. Similarly, compared to the Se-D group, Se supplementation significantly ameliorated the maintenance of follicles and reduced the rate of apoptosis in ovaries. Meanwhile, the rate of in vitro-produced embryos resulting from germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes was also significantly improved in Se-supplemented (ISe-S and OSe-S) groups compared to the Se-D mice, in which none of the embryos developed to the hatched blastocyst stage. RT-qPCR results revealed that mRNA expression of Gpx1, Gpx3, Gpx4, Selenof, p21, and Bcl-2 genes in ovaries of aging mice was differentially modulated by dietary Se levels. A considerably higher mRNA expression of Gpx1, Gpx3, Gpx4, and Selenof was observed in Se-supplemented groups compared to the Se-D group. Similarly, mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and p21 was significantly lower in Se-supplemented groups. Immunohistochemical assay also revealed a significantly higher expression of GPX4 in Se-supplemented mice. Our results reasonably indicate that Se deficiency (or marginal levels) can negatively impact the fertility and reproduction in females, particularly those of an advancing age, and that the Se supplementation (inorganic and organic) can substantiate ovarian function and overall reproductive efficiency in aging females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Bo Pan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Shichao Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zhang Ming
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changjun Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Hongbing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-6273-2681 (H.H.); +86-159-081-89189 (G.Z.)
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (I.H.Q.); (B.P.); (S.G.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-6273-2681 (H.H.); +86-159-081-89189 (G.Z.)
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Effect of Dietary Modulation of Selenium Form and Level on Performance, Tissue Retention, Quality of Frozen Stored Meat and Gene Expression of Antioxidant Status in Ross Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060342. [PMID: 31212705 PMCID: PMC6617058 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the importance of usage of selenium as essential trace element in poultry production has been proven, the best source and level has not been fully addressed yet. Three different dietary selenium forms with three different levels were chosen to be added in broiler diet. Met-Se or nano-Se up to 0.6 mg/kg increased their performance and was more efficiently retained in the body than SeS. Frozen stored meat quality was improved in a dose-dependent manner especially with both Met-Se and nano-Se. Nano-Se was more potent than Met-Se, which in turn was more potent than inorganic Se against oxidative stress, which improved the quality of meat under frozen conditions. Abstract This study compares between different selenium forms (sodium selenite; SeS, selenomethionine; Met-Se or nano-Se) and levels on growth performance, Se retention, antioxidative potential of fresh and frozen meat, and genes related to oxidative stress in Ross broilers. Birds (n = 450) were randomly divided into nine experimental groups with five replicates in each and were fed diets supplemented with 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 mg Se/kg as (SeS, Met-Se), or nano-Se. For overall growth performance, dietary inclusion of Met-Se or nano-Se significantly increased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio of Ross broiler chicks at the level of 0.45 and 0.6 mg/kg when compared with the group fed the same level of SeS. Se sources and levels significantly affected (p < 0.05) its concentrations in breast muscle, liver, and serum. Moreover, Se retention in muscle was higher (p < 0.05) after feeding of broiler chicks on a diet supplemented with Met-Se or nano-Se compared to the SeS group, especially at 0.6 mg/kg. Additionally, higher dietary levels from Met-Se or nano-Se significantly reduced oxidative changes in breast and thigh meat in the fresh state and after a four-week storage period and increased muscular pH after 24 h of slaughter. Also, broiler’s meat in the Met-Se and nano-Se groups showed cooking loss and lower drip compared to the SeS group (p < 0.05). In the liver, the mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were elevated by increasing dietary Se levels from Met-Se and nano-Se groups up to 0.6 mg/kg when compared with SeS. Therefore, dietary supplementation with 0.6 mg/kg Met-Se and nano-Se improved growth performance and were more efficiently retained than with SeS. Both sources of selenium (Met-Se and nano-Se) downregulated the oxidation processes of meat during the first four weeks of frozen storage, especially in thigh meat, compared with an inorganic source. Finally, dietary supplementation of Met-Se and nano-Se produced acceptable Se levels in chicken meat offered for consumers.
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Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Female Reproduction: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123053. [PMID: 30469536 PMCID: PMC6321086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that has several important functions in animal and human health. The biological functions of Se are carried out by selenoproteins (encoded by twenty-five genes in human and twenty-four in mice), which are reportedly present in all three domains of life. As a component of selenoproteins, Se has structural and enzymatic functions; in the latter context it is best recognized for its catalytic and antioxidant activities. In this review, we highlight the biological functions of Se and selenoproteins followed by an elaborated review of the relationship between Se and female reproductive function. Data pertaining to Se status and female fertility and reproduction are sparse, with most such studies focusing on the role of Se in pregnancy. Only recently has some light been shed on its potential role in ovarian physiology. The exact underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms through which Se or selenoproteins modulate female reproduction are largely unknown; their role in human pregnancy and related complications is not yet sufficiently understood. Properly powered, randomized, controlled trials (intervention vs. control) in populations of relatively low Se status will be essential to clarify their role. In the meantime, studies elucidating the potential effect of Se supplementation and selenoproteins (i.e., GPX1, SELENOP, and SELENOS) in ovarian function and overall female reproductive efficiency would be of great value.
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Shetty SP, Sturts R, Vetick M, Copeland PR. Processive incorporation of multiple selenocysteine residues is driven by a novel feature of the selenocysteine insertion sequence. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19377-19386. [PMID: 30323062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA stem loop structures have been frequently shown to regulate essential cellular processes. The selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element, found in the 3' UTRs of all selenoprotein mRNAs, is an example of such a structure, as it is required for the incorporation of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Selenoprotein synthesis poses a mechanistic challenge because Sec is incorporated during translation in response to a stop codon (UGA). Although it is known that a SECIS-binding protein (SBP2) is required for Sec insertion, the mechanism of action remains elusive. Additional complexity is present in the synthesis of selenoprotein P (SELENOP), which is the only selenoprotein that contains multiple UGA codons and possesses two SECIS elements in its 3' UTR. Thus, full-length SELENOP synthesis requires processive Sec incorporation. Using zebrafish Selenop, in vitro translation assays, and 75Se labeling in HEK293 cells, we found here that processive Sec incorporation is an intrinsic property of the SECIS elements. Specifically, we identified critical features of SECIS elements that are required for processive Sec incorporation. A screen of the human SECIS elements revealed that most of these elements support processive Sec incorporation in vitro; however, we also found that the processivity of Sec incorporation into Selenop in cells is tightly regulated. We propose a model for processive Sec incorporation that involves differential recruitment of SECIS-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangala P Shetty
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Ryan Sturts
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Michael Vetick
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Paul R Copeland
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Shetty SP, Copeland PR. The Selenium Transport Protein, Selenoprotein P, Requires Coding Sequence Determinants to Promote Efficient Selenocysteine Incorporation. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:5217-5232. [PMID: 30243837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selenoproteins are an essential and unique group of proteins in which selenocysteine (Sec) is incorporated in response to a stop codon (UGA). Reprograming of UGA for Sec insertion in eukaryotes requires a cis-acting stem-loop structure in the 3' untranslated region of selenoprotein mRNA and several trans-acting factors. Together these factors are sufficient for Sec incorporation in vitro, but the process is highly inefficient. An additional challenge is the synthesis of selenoprotein P (SELENOP), which uniquely contains multiple UGA codons. Full-length SELENOP expression requires processive Sec incorporation, the mechanism for which is not understood. In this study, we identify core coding region sequence determinants within the SELENOP mRNA that govern SELENOP synthesis. Using 75Se labeling in cells, we determined that the N-terminal coding sequence (upstream of the second UGA) and C-terminal coding sequence context are two independent determinants for efficient synthesis of full-length SELENOP. In addition, the distance between the first UGA and the consensus signal peptide is also critical for efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangala P Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Paul R Copeland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Selenium-Related Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092665. [PMID: 30205557 PMCID: PMC6163693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenium content of the body is known to control the expression levels of numerous genes, both so-called selenoproteins and non-selenoproteins. Selenium is a trace element essential to human health, and its deficiency is related to, for instance, cardiovascular and myodegenerative diseases, infertility and osteochondropathy called Kashin–Beck disease. It is incorporated as selenocysteine to the selenoproteins, which protect against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. They also participate in the activation of the thyroid hormone, and play a role in immune system functioning. The synthesis and incorporation of selenocysteine occurs via a special mechanism, which differs from the one used for standard amino acids. The codon for selenocysteine is a regular in-frame stop codon, which can be passed by a specific complex machinery participating in translation elongation and termination. This includes a presence of selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in the 3′-untranslated part of the selenoprotein mRNAs. Nonsense-mediated decay is involved in the regulation of the selenoprotein mRNA levels, but other mechanisms are also possible. Recent transcriptional analyses of messenger RNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs combined with proteomic data of samples from Keshan and Kashin–Beck disease patients have identified new possible cellular pathways related to transcriptional regulation by selenium.
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Sunde RA. Selenium regulation of selenoprotein enzyme activity and transcripts in a pilot study with Founder strains from the Collaborative Cross. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191449. [PMID: 29338053 PMCID: PMC5770059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents and humans have 24–25 selenoproteins, and these proteins contain the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, incorporated co-translationally into the peptide backbone in a series of reactions dependent on at least 6 unique gene products. In selenium (Se) deficiency, there is differential regulation of selenoprotein expression, whereby levels of some selenoproteins and their transcripts decrease dramatically in Se deficiency, but other selenoprotein transcripts are spared this decrease; the underlying mechanism, however, is not fully understood. To begin explore the genetic basis for this variation in regulation by Se status in a pilot study, we fed Se-deficient or Se-adequate diets (0.005 or 0.2 μg Se/g, respectively) for eight weeks to the eight Founder strains of the Collaborative Cross. We found rather uniform expression of selenoenzyme activity for glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) 3 in plasma, Gpx1 in red blood cells, and Gpx1, Gpx4, and thioredoxin reductase in liver. In Founder mice, Se deficiency decreased each of these activities to a similar extent. Regulation of selenoprotein transcript expression by Se status was also globally retained intact, with dramatic down-regulation of Gpx1, Selenow, and Selenoh transcripts in all 8 strains of Founder mice. These results indicate that differential regulation of selenoprotein expression by Se status is an essential aspect of Se metabolism and selenoprotein function. A few lone differences in Se regulation were observed for individual selenoproteins in this pilot study, but these differences did not single-out one strain or one selenoprotein that consistently had unique Se regulation of selenoprotein expression. These differences should be affirmed in larger studies; use of the Diversity Outbred and Collaborative Cross strains may help to better define the functions of these selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sunde
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Selenium requirements based on muscle and kidney selenoprotein enzyme activity and transcript expression in the turkey poult (Meleagris gallopavo). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189001. [PMID: 29190764 PMCID: PMC5708738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current NRC selenium (Se) requirement for turkeys is 0.2 μg Se/g diet. We previously fed turkey poults a Se-deficient diet (0.005 μg Se/g) supplemented with 10 graded levels of Se (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 μg Se/g as Na2SeO3, 5/treatment) for 4 wk, and found that the minimum dietary Se requirement was 0.3 μg Se/g based on selenoprotein enzyme activity in blood, liver, gizzard and pancreas. Because the turkey is primarily a production animal, we expanded this analysis to kidney, heart, breast and thigh. Se concentrations in Se-deficient poults were 5.0, 9.8, 33, and 15% of levels in poults fed 0.4 μg Se/g in liver, kidney, thigh and breast, respectively. Increasing Se supplementation resulted in hyperbolic response curves for all tissues; breakpoint analysis indicated minimum Se requirements of 0.34-0.36 μg Se/g based on tissue Se levels in liver, kidney and thigh. Similarly, GPX1 activity in muscle tissues and kidney responded hyperbolically to increasing dietary Se, reaching well-defined plateaus with breakpoints at 0.30-0.36 μg Se/g. Minimum Se requirements based on GPX4 activity were 0.30-0.32 μg Se/g for breast and thigh. Selenoprotein transcript expression decreased significantly in Se deficiency for only 2, 3, 5, and 6 mRNA in breast, thigh, heart, and kidney, respectively, out of 24 known avian selenoproteins. Se response curves for regulated selenoprotein transcripts were hyperbolic, and reached well-defined plateaus with breakpoints in a narrow range of 0.08-0.19 μg Se/g. No selenoprotein transcript was altered by supernutritional Se. In summary, these results clearly indicate that the NRC dietary Se requirement should be raised to 0.4 μg Se/g, at least for poults, to meet the nutritional needs of the young turkey. The Se response curve plateaus further show that limits for turkey supplementation with selenite could safely be raised to 0.5 μg Se/g diet.
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Carlson BA, Gupta N, Pinkerton MH, Hatfield DL, Copeland PR. The utilization of selenocysteine-tRNA [Ser]Sec isoforms is regulated in part at the level of translation in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5:e1314240. [PMID: 28702279 DOI: 10.1080/21690731.2017.1314240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The tRNA for the 21st proteinogenic amino acid, selenocysteine, exists in mammalian cells as 2 isoforms differing by a single 2'-O-methylribosyl moiety at position 34 (Um34). These isoforms contain either 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine (mcm5U) or 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2'-O-methyluridine (mcm5Um) at position 34. The accumulation of the mcm5Um isoform is tightly correlated with the expression of nonessential "stress response" selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). The expression of essential selenoproteins, such as thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), is not affected by changes in Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec isoform accumulation. In this work we used purified mcm5U and mcm5Um Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec isoforms to analyze possible differences in binding to the selenocysteine-specific elongation factor, EEFSEC, and the translation of GPX1 and TXNRD1in vitro. Our results indicate that no major distinction between mcm5U and mcm5Um isoforms is made by the translation machinery, but a small consistent increase in GPX1 translation is associated with the mcm5Um isoform. These results implicate fundamental differences in translation efficiency in playing a role in regulating selenoprotein expression as a function of isoform accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nirupama Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mark H Pinkerton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul R Copeland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Selenium is a micronutrient essential to human health and has long been associated with cancer prevention. Functionally, these effects are thought to be mediated by a class of selenium-containing proteins known as selenoproteins. Indeed, many selenoproteins have antioxidant activity which can attenuate cancer development by minimizing oxidative insult and resultant DNA damage. However, oxidative stress is increasingly being recognized for its "double-edged sword" effect in tumorigenesis, whereby it can mediate both negative and positive effects on tumor growth depending on the cellular context. In addition to their roles in redox homeostasis, recent work has also implicated selenoproteins in key oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways. Together, these data suggest that the overall contribution of selenoproteins to tumorigenesis is complicated and may be affected by a variety of factors. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about selenoproteins in tumorigenesis with a focus on their contextual roles in cancer development, growth, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Sunde RA, Li JL, Taylor RM. Insights for Setting of Nutrient Requirements, Gleaned by Comparison of Selenium Status Biomarkers in Turkeys and Chickens versus Rats, Mice, and Lambs. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:1129-1138. [PMID: 28140330 PMCID: PMC5105040 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into nutrient biomarkers and setting of dietary nutrient requirements, selenium biomarker levels and requirements in response to multiple graded levels of dietary selenium were compared between day-old turkeys and chickens versus weanling rats and mice and 2-d-old lambs supplemented with sodium selenite. In rodents, there was no significant effect of dietary selenium on growth, indicating that the minimum selenium requirement was <0.007 μg Se/g diet. In contrast, there was a significant effect in turkeys, chicks, and lambs, which showed selenium requirements for growth of 0.05, 0.025, and 0.05 μg Se/g diet, respectively. Liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 1 activity fell in all species to <4% of selenium-adequate levels, plasma GPX3 activity fell to <3% in all species except for mice, and liver GPX4 activity fell to <10% in avians but only to ∼50% of selenium-adequate levels in rodents. Selenium-response curves for these biomarkers reached well-defined plateaus with increasing selenium supplementation in all species, collectively indicating minimum selenium requirements of 0.06-0.10 μg Se/g for rats, mice, and lambs but 0.10-0.13 μg Se/g for chicks and 0.23-0.33 μg Se/g for turkeys. In contrast, increasing dietary selenium did not result in well-defined plateaus for erythrocyte GPX1 activity and liver selenium in most species. Selenium-response curves for GPX1 mRNA for rodents and avians had well-defined plateaus and similar breakpoints. GPX4 mRNA was not significantly regulated by dietary selenium in rodents, but GPX4 mRNA in avians decreased in selenium deficiency to ∼35% of selenium-adequate plateau levels. Notably, no selenoprotein activities or mRNA were effective biomarkers for supernutritional selenium status. Robust biomarkers, such as liver GPX1 and plasma GPX3 activity for selenium, should be specific for the nutrient, fall dramatically in deficiency, and reach well-defined plateaus. Differences in biomarker-response curves may help researchers better understand nutrient metabolism and targeting of tissues in deficiency, thus to better characterize requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sunde
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rachel M Taylor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and
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Mao J, Vanderlelie JJ, Perkins AV, Redman CWG, Ahmadi KR, Rayman MP. Genetic polymorphisms that affect selenium status and response to selenium supplementation in United Kingdom pregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:100-6. [PMID: 26675765 PMCID: PMC4691667 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low selenium status in pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse conditions. In nonpregnant populations, the selenium status or response to supplementation has been associated with polymorphisms in dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (DMGDH), selenoprotein P (SEPP1) and the glutathione peroxidases [cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) and phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (GPx4)]. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that, in pregnant women, these candidate polymorphisms would be associated with selenium status in early pregnancy, its longitudinal change, and the interindividual response to selenium supplementation at 60 μg/d. DESIGN With the use of stored samples and data from the United Kingdom Selenium in Pregnancy Intervention (SPRINT) study in 227 pregnant women, we carried out genetic-association studies, testing for associations between selenium status, its longitudinal change, and response to supplementation and common genetic variation in DMGDH (rs921943), SEPP1 (rs3877899 and rs7579), GPx1 (rs1050450) and GPx4 (rs713041). Selenium status was represented by the concentration of whole-blood selenium at 12 and 35 wk of gestation, the concentration of toenail selenium at 16 wk of gestation, and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activity at 12 and 35 wk of gestation. RESULTS Our results showed that DMGDH rs921943 was significantly associated with the whole-blood selenium concentration at 12 wk of gestation (P = 0.032), which explained ≤2.0% of the variance. This association was replicated with the use of toenail selenium (P = 0.043). In unsupplemented women, SEPP1 rs3877899 was significantly associated with the percentage change in whole-blood selenium from 12 to 35 wk of gestation (P = 0.005), which explained 8% of the variance. In supplemented women, SEPP1 rs3877899 was significantly associated with the percentage change in GPx3 activity from 12 to 35 wk of gestation (P = 0.01), which explained 5.3% of the variance. Selenium status was not associated with GPx1, GPx4, or SEPP1 rs7579. CONCLUSIONS In agreement with previous studies, we show that the genetic variant rs921943 in DMGDH is significantly associated with selenium status in United Kingdom pregnant women. Notably, our study shows that women who carry the SEPP1 rs3877899 A allele are better able to maintain selenium status during pregnancy, and their GPx3 activity increases more with supplementation, which suggests better protection from low selenium status. The SPRINT study was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN37927591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica J Vanderlelie
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Christopher W G Redman
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh R Ahmadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom;
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Khoso PA, Yang Z, Liu C, Li S. Selenoproteins and heat shock proteins play important roles in immunosuppression in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens with selenium deficiency. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:967-78. [PMID: 26228634 PMCID: PMC4595424 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is necessary for the immune system in chicken and mediates its physiological functions through selenoproteins. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are indispensable for maintaining normal cell function and for directing the immune response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Se deficiency on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of selenoproteins and Hsps as well as immune functions in the chicken bursa of Fabricius. Two groups of chickens, namely the control and Se-deficient (L group) groups, were reared for 55 days. The chickens were offered a basal diet, which contained 0.15 mg Se/kg in the diet fed to the control group and 0.033 mg Se/kg in the diet fed to the L group. We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect the mRNA expression levels of selenoproteins and Hsps on days 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of Hsps on days 35, 45 and 55, and immune functions were assessed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 15, 35, and 55. The data showed that the mRNA expression levels of selenoproteins, such as Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Txnrd3, Dio1, Dio2, Dio3, GPx1, GPx2, GPx3 GPx4, Sepp1, Selo, Sel-15, Sepx1, Sels, Seli, Selu, Selh, and SPS2, were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the L group compared with the control group. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Hsps (Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90) were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the L group. The expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and TNF-α was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the L group compared with the control group. Our results show that immunosuppression was accompanied by a downregulation of mRNA expression levels of selenoproteins and an upregulation of the Hsp mRNA expression levels. Thus, Se deficiency causes defects in the chicken bursa of Fabricius, and selenoproteins and Hsps play important roles in immunosuppression in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens with Se deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervez Ahmed Khoso
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunpeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Seale LA, Gilman CL, Hashimoto AC, Ogawa-Wong AN, Berry MJ. Diet-induced obesity in the selenocysteine lyase knockout mouse. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:761-74. [PMID: 26192035 PMCID: PMC4589310 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) mediates selenocysteine decomposition. It was previously demonstrated that, upon adequate caloric intake (12% kcal fat) and selenium deficiency, disruption of Scly in mice leads to development of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigate the effect of a high-fat (45% kcal) selenium-adequate diet in Scly knockout (KO) mice on development of metabolic syndrome. Involvement of selenoproteins in energy metabolism after Scly disruption was also examined in vitro in the murine hepatoma cell line, Hepa1-6, following palmitate treatment. RESULTS Scly KO mice were more susceptible to diet-induced obesity than their wild-type counterparts after feeding a high-fat selenium-adequate diet. Scly KO mice had aggravated hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, glucose, and insulin intolerance, but unchanged inflammatory cytokines and expression of most selenoproteins, except increased serum selenoprotein P (Sepp1). Scly KO mice also exhibited enhanced hepatic levels of pyruvate and enzymes involved in the regulation of pyruvate cycling, such as pyruvate carboxylase (Pcx) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh). However, in vitro silencing of Scly in Hepa1-6 cells led to diminished Sepp1 expression, and concomitant palmitate treatment decreased Pdh expression. INNOVATION The role of selenium in lipid metabolism is recognized, but specific selenium-dependent mechanisms leading to obesity are unclear. This study uncovers that Scly has a remarkable effect on obesity and metabolic syndrome development triggered by high-fat exposure, independent of the expression of most selenoproteins. CONCLUSION Diet-induced obesity in Scly KO mice is aggravated, with effects on pyruvate levels and consequent activation of energy metabolism independent of selenoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A Seale
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christy L Gilman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ann C Hashimoto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ashley N Ogawa-Wong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Marla J Berry
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
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Tsuji PA, Carlson BA, Anderson CB, Seifried HE, Hatfield DL, Howard MT. Dietary Selenium Levels Affect Selenoprotein Expression and Support the Interferon-γ and IL-6 Immune Response Pathways in Mice. Nutrients 2015; 7:6529-49. [PMID: 26258789 PMCID: PMC4555136 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element that is required to support a number of cellular functions and biochemical pathways. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of reduced dietary selenium levels on gene expression to assess changes in expression of non-selenoprotein genes that may contribute to the physiological consequences of selenium deficiency. Mice were fed diets that were either deficient in selenium or supplemented with selenium in the form of sodium selenite for six weeks. Differences in liver mRNA expression and translation were measured using a combination of ribosome profiling, RNA-Seq, microarrays, and qPCR. Expression levels and translation of mRNAs encoding stress-related selenoproteins were shown to be up-regulated by increased selenium status, as were genes involved in inflammation and response to interferon-γ. Changes in serum cytokine levels were measured which confirmed that interferon-γ, as well as IL-6, were increased in selenium adequate mice. Finally, microarray and qPCR analysis of lung tissue demonstrated that the selenium effects on immune function are not limited to liver. These data are consistent with previous reports indicating that adequate selenium levels can support beneficial immune responses, and further identify the IL-6 and interferon-γ pathways as being responsive to dietary selenium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA.
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | | | - Harold E Seifried
- Nutritional Science Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Michael T Howard
- Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Rayman MP, Bath SC, Westaway J, Williams P, Mao J, Vanderlelie JJ, Perkins AV, Redman CWG. Selenium status in U.K. pregnant women and its relationship with hypertensive conditions of pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:249-58. [PMID: 25571960 PMCID: PMC4302388 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451400364x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake/status of the trace mineral Se may affect the risk of developing hypertensive conditions of pregnancy, i.e. pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PE/PIH). In the present study, we evaluated Se status in U.K. pregnant women to establish whether pre-pregnant Se status or Se supplementation affected the risk of developing PE/PIH. The samples originated from the SPRINT (Selenium in PRegnancy INTervention) study that randomised 230 U.K. primiparous women to treatment with Se (60 μg/d) or placebo from 12 weeks of gestation. Whole-blood Se concentration was measured at 12 and 35 weeks, toenail Se concentration at 16 weeks, plasma selenoprotein P (SEPP1) concentration at 35 weeks and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activity at 12, 20 and 35 weeks. Demographic data were collected at baseline. Participants completed a FFQ. U.K. pregnant women had whole-blood Se concentration lower than the mid-range of other populations, toenail Se concentration considerably lower than U.S. women, GPx3 activity considerably lower than U.S. and Australian pregnant women, and low baseline SEPP1 concentration (median 3.00, range 0.90-5.80 mg/l). Maternal age, education and social class were positively associated with Se status. After adjustment, whole-blood Se concentration was higher in women consuming Brazil nuts (P= 0.040) and in those consuming more than two seafood portions per week (P= 0.054). A stepwise logistic regression model revealed that among the Se-related risk factors, only toenail Se (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17, 0.87, P= 0.021) significantly affected the OR for PE/PIH. On excluding non-compliers with Se treatment, Se supplementation also significantly reduced the OR for PE/PIH (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09, 1.00, P= 0.049). In conclusion, U.K. women have low Se status that increases their risk of developing PE/PIH. Therefore, U.K. women of childbearing age need to improve their Se status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P. Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sarah C. Bath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jacob Westaway
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, QLD4222, Australia
| | - Peter Williams
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jinyuan Mao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jessica J. Vanderlelie
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, QLD4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, QLD4222, Australia
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Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:739-77. [PMID: 24987004 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient with important functions in human health and relevance to several pathophysiological conditions. The biological effects of selenium are largely mediated by selenium-containing proteins (selenoproteins) that are present in all three domains of life. Although selenoproteins represent diverse molecular pathways and biological functions, all these proteins contain at least one selenocysteine (Sec), a selenium-containing amino acid, and most serve oxidoreductase functions. Sec is cotranslationally inserted into nascent polypeptide chains in response to the UGA codon, whose normal function is to terminate translation. To decode UGA as Sec, organisms evolved the Sec insertion machinery that allows incorporation of this amino acid at specific UGA codons in a process requiring a cis-acting Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element. Although the basic mechanisms of Sec synthesis and insertion into proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been studied in great detail, the identity and functions of many selenoproteins remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in characterizing selenoproteins and selenoproteomes and understanding their physiological functions. We discuss current knowledge about how these unique proteins perform their functions at the molecular level and highlight new insights into the roles that selenoproteins play in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M Labunskyy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Liu CP, Fu J, Lin SL, Wang XS, Li S. Effects of dietary selenium deficiency on mRNA levels of twenty-one selenoprotein genes in the liver of layer chicken. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:192-8. [PMID: 24819087 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in many life forms due to its occurrence as selenocysteine (Sec) residue in selenoproteins. However, little is known about the expression pattern of selenoproteins in the liver of layer chicken. To investigate the effects of Se deficiency on the mRNA expressions of selenoproteins in the liver tissue of layer chickens, 1-day-old layer chickens were randomly allocated into two groups (n=120/group). The Se-deficient group (-Se) was fed a Se-deficient corn-soy basal diet; the Se-adequate group as control (+Se) was fed the same basal diet supplemented with Se at 0.15 mg/kg (sodium selenite). The liver tissue was collected and examined for mRNA levels of 21 selenoprotein genes at 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 days old. The data indicated that the mRNA expressions of Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, Gpx4, Sepn1, Sepp1, Selo, Sepx1, Selu, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Txnrd3, Dio1, Dio2, SPS2, Selm, SelPb, Sep15, and Sels were decreased (p<0.05), but not the levels of Dio3 and Seli (p>0.05). The results showed that the mRNA levels of 19 selenoprotein (except Seli and Dio3) genes in the layer chicken liver were regulated by diet Se level. The present study provided some compensated data about the roles of Se in the regulation of selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China,
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Mandair DS, Rossi RE, Pericleous M, Whyand T, Caplin M. The impact of diet and nutrition in the prevention and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:369-82. [PMID: 24597926 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.894879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There is growing evidence for a chemopreventive role of nutrition in the development of HCC in at risk populations. Bibliographical searches were performed in PubMed for the terms 'nutrition and hepatocellular carcinoma', 'nutrition and liver cancer', 'nutrition and hepatic cancer', 'diet and hepatocellular carcinoma', 'diet and liver cancer'. High dietary sugar intake should be discouraged in at risk populations. Coffee, polyphenols, vanadium, dietary fibre, fruits and vegetables show encouraging results in terms of chemoprevention. Red meat intake may be associated with increased risk of HCC. The evidence for fatty acids is inconclusive, but they might exert anti-cancer effects. Inconclusive results are available on vitamins, selenium probiotics and prebiotics. There is increasing evidence that diet may play an important role in the development of HCC, and may also have a chemopreventive role in at risk populations.
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Han SJ, Lee BC, Yim SH, Gladyshev VN, Lee SR. Characterization of mammalian selenoprotein o: a redox-active mitochondrial protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95518. [PMID: 24751718 PMCID: PMC3994087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins exhibit diverse biological functions, most of which are associated with redox control. However, the functions of approximately half of mammalian selenoproteins are not known. One such protein is Selenoprotein O (SelO), the largest mammalian selenoprotein with orthologs found in a wide range of organisms, including bacteria and yeast. Here, we report characterization of mammalian SelO. Expression of this protein could be verified in HEK 293T cells by metabolic labeling of cells with 75Se, and it was abolished when selenocysteine was replaced with serine. A CxxU motif was identified in the C-terminal region of SelO. This protein was reversibly oxidized in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in HEK 293T cells when cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide. This treatment led to the formation of a transient 88 kDa SelO-containing complex. The formation of this complex was enhanced by replacing the CxxU motif with SxxC, but abolished when it was replaced with SxxS, suggesting a redox interaction of SelO with another protein through its Sec residue. SelO was localized to mitochondria and expressed across mouse tissues. Its expression was little affected by selenium deficiency, suggesting it has a high priority for selenium supply. Taken together, these results show that SelO is a redox-active mitochondrial selenoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jeong Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Byung Cheon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Legrain Y, Touat-Hamici Z, Chavatte L. Interplay between selenium levels, selenoprotein expression, and replicative senescence in WI-38 human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6299-310. [PMID: 24425862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element, which is incorporated as selenocysteine into at least 25 selenoproteins using a unique translational UGA-recoding mechanism. Selenoproteins are important enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, redox homeostasis, and redox signaling pathways. Selenium levels decline during aging, and its deficiency is associated with a marked increase in mortality for people over 60 years of age. Here, we investigate the relationship between selenium levels in the culture medium, selenoprotein expression, and replicative life span of human embryonic lung fibroblast WI-38 cells. Selenium levels regulate the entry into replicative senescence and modify the cellular markers characteristic for senescent cells. Whereas selenium supplementation extends the number of population doublings, its deficiency impairs the proliferative capacity of WI-38 cells. We observe that the expression of several selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense is specifically affected in response to cellular senescence. Their expression is selectively controlled by the modulation of mRNA levels and translational recoding efficiencies. Our data provide novel mechanistic insights into how selenium impacts the replicative life span of mammalian cells by identifying several selenoproteins as new targets of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Legrain
- From the Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR3404, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France and
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Meta-analysis of selenium accumulation and expression of antioxidant enzymes in chicken tissues. Animal 2014; 8:542-54. [PMID: 24388007 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis integrating results of 40 selenium (Se) supplementation experiments that originated from 35 different controlled randomized trials was carried out in an attempt to identify significant factors that affect tissue Se accumulation in chicken. Examined factors included: Se source (12 different sources examined), type of chicken (laying hens or broilers), age of birds at the beginning of supplementation, duration of supplementation, year during which the study was conducted, sex of birds, number of chickens per treatment, method of analysis, tissue type, concentration of Se determined and Se added to feed. A correlation analysis was also carried out between tissue Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity. Data analysis showed that the factors significantly affecting tissue Se concentration include type of chicken (P=0.006), type of tissue (P<0.001) and the analytical method used (P=0.014). Although Se source was not found to affect tissue Se concentration (overall P>0.05), certain inorganic (sodium selenite), calcium selenite, sodium selenate and organic sources (B-Traxim Se), Se-yeast, Se-malt, Se-enriched cabbage and Se-enriched garlic as well as background Se level from feed ingredients were found to significantly affect tissue Se concentration. The Se accumulation rate (estimated as linear regression coefficient of Se concentrations to Se added to feed) discriminated between the various tissues with highest values estimated in the leg muscle and lowest in blood plasma. Correlation analysis has also shown that tissue Se concentration (pooled data) was correlated to Se added to feed (r=0.529, P<0.01, log values) and to glutathione peroxidase activity (r=0.332, P=0.0478), with the latter not being correlated with Se added to feed. Although significant factors affecting Se concentration were reported in the present study, they do not necessarily indicate the in vivo function of the antioxidant system or the level of accumulated Se as other factors, not examined in the present study, may interact at the level of trace element absorption, distribution and retention.
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Zhang L, Zhou ZQ, Li G, Fu MZ. The effect of deposition Se on the mRNA expression levels of GPxs in goats from a Se-enriched county of China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 156:111-23. [PMID: 24072670 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that Se was an important regulatory factor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes. However, the relationship between Se concentrations and mRNA expression levels of GPxs were unclear in goats, especially the goats living in natural Se-enriched area. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the Se concentrations and the mRNA expression levels of GPx-1, GPx-2, GPx-3, and GPx-4 in goats from Ziyang County (ZY-H and ZY-L goats) and Baoji City (BJ-P goats), which were Se-rich region and Se-poor region in China, respectively. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used as an essential method to determine the Se concentrations in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, longissimus, biceps femoris, and serum, and the gene expressions were quantified in mRNA samples extracted from the above tissues by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that the Se concentrations in ZY-H and ZY-L goats were higher than that in BJ-P goats significantly (P < 0.05), and the pertinence relations of Se levels between serum and heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were significant (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of GPx-1 in ZY-H and ZY-L goats were higher than that in BJ-P goats very significantly (P < 0.01) except for longissimus (P < 0.05). Our results indicated a significant trend for GPx-2 in the direction of increasing mRNA levels with increasing Se concentrations in goats but had no statistical significance (P > 0.05) in our experimental conditions. As to GPx-3, its mRNA expression in spleen, lung, and kidney (P < 0.05) were upregulated and were consensual to high Se contents in ZY-H goats, but no significant effects were observed in heart, liver, longissimus, and biceps femoris among our three groups (P > 0.05). The mRNA levels of GPx-4 in heart, liver, lung, and kidney of ZY-H and ZY-L goats were higher than that of BJ-P goats (P < 0.05), and the difference was very significant in lung especially (P < 0.01), but no change in spleen, longissimus, and biceps femoris (P > 0.05). In summary, these data suggested that the goats living in Ziyang County were rich in Se, and the deposition Se played important roles in the mRNA expression of GPx-1, GPx-3, and GPx-4 in certain tissues of goats differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712100, China,
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Howard MT, Carlson BA, Anderson CB, Hatfield DL. Translational redefinition of UGA codons is regulated by selenium availability. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19401-13. [PMID: 23696641 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of selenium into ~25 mammalian selenoproteins occurs by translational recoding whereby in-frame UGA codons are redefined to encode the selenium containing amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Here we applied ribosome profiling to examine the effect of dietary selenium levels on the translational mechanisms controlling selenoprotein synthesis in mouse liver. Dietary selenium levels were shown to control gene-specific selenoprotein expression primarily at the translation level by differential regulation of UGA redefinition and Sec incorporation efficiency, although effects on translation initiation and mRNA abundance were also observed. Direct evidence is presented that increasing dietary selenium causes a vast increase in ribosome density downstream of UGA-Sec codons for a subset of selenoprotein mRNAs and that the selenium-dependent effects on Sec incorporation efficiency are mediated in part by the degree of Sec-tRNA([Ser]Sec) Um34 methylation. Furthermore, we find evidence for translation in the 5'-UTRs for a subset of selenoproteins and for ribosome pausing near the UGA-Sec codon in those mRNAs encoding the selenoproteins most affected by selenium availability. These data illustrate how dietary levels of the trace element selenium can alter the readout of the genetic code to affect the expression of an entire class of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Howard
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Suzuki Y, Hashiura Y, Sakai T, Yamamoto T, Matsukawa T, Shinohara A, Furuta N. Selenium metabolism and excretion in mice after injection of (82)Se-enriched selenomethionine. Metallomics 2013; 5:445-52. [PMID: 23575454 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The organic Se compounds (particularly selenomethionine [SeMet]) in plants and yeasts are very effective chemoprotectants for mammalian cancer. To characterize the dynamics of selenomethionine utilization pathways, we intravenously injected (82)Se-enriched SeMet into mice under different nutritional states (Se-adequate and Se-deficient mice) and then measured their endogenous and exogenous (82)Se levels. Furthermore, we quantified Se compounds and selenoproteins in liver, kidneys, plasma, and urine. The average recoveries of exogenous (82)Se from solid tissues, urine, and feces were 81% for Se-adequate mice and 84% for Se-deficient mice. Exogenous (82)Se was distributed in the hepatic and renal cytosols as cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGPx), selenosugar, and SeMet within 1 h after injection. Synthesis of cGPx was maintained until 72 h after injection, regardless of the Se nutritional status. Whereas plasma levels of exogenous (82)Se as selenoprotein P (Sel-P) peaked at 6 h after injection, those of Se-containing albumin (SeAlb), extracellular GPx, and SeMet peaked at 1 h after injection. These results suggest three Se transport pathways in mice injected with SeMet: SeAlb (within 1 h after injection); SeMet (from 1 to 72 h after injection); and Sel-P (from 6 to 72 h after injection). The amount of Sel-P in Se-deficient mice was 1.5 times that of Se-adequate mice, and this increase was much larger than Se-containing compounds other than Sel-P. Our results indicate that Sel-P has an important role in Se transport when the nutritional supply of Se is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Suzuki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Kipp AP, Frombach J, Deubel S, Brigelius-Flohé R. Selenoprotein W as biomarker for the efficacy of selenium compounds to act as source for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol 2013; 527:87-112. [PMID: 23830627 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405882-8.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element and, like all elements, present in many different compounds with unequivocal functions. This fact is only sporadically mentioned when recommended intake or supplementation is indicated just as "selenium." In mammals, selenium is an integral part of selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Selenocysteine is formed from serine at the respective tRNA((ser)sec), a reaction that requires selenophosphate formed from selenide and ATP. Thus, only compounds that can be metabolized into selenide can serve as sources for selenoprotein biosynthesis. We therefore tested the ability of selenium compounds such as sodium selenite, methylseleninic acid (MeSeA), Se-methyl selenocysteine, and selenomethionine to increase the activity, protein, or mRNA levels of commonly used biomarkers of the selenium status, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) and thioredoxin reductase, and of putatively new biomarkers, selenoprotein W1 (SepW1), selenoprotein H, and selenoprotein 15 in three different cell lines. Selenite and MeSeA were most efficient in increasing all markers tested, whereas the other compounds had only marginal effects. Effects were higher in the noncancerous young adult mouse colon cells than in the cancer cell lines HepG2 and HT-29. At the protein level, SepW1 responded as well as GPx1 and at the mRNA level, even better. Thus, the outcome of selenium treatment strongly depends on the chemical form, the cell type, and the biomarker used for testing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Patricia Kipp
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Rohr-Udilova N, Sieghart W, Eferl R, Stoiber D, Björkhem-Bergman L, Eriksson LC, Stolze K, Hayden H, Keppler B, Sagmeister S, Grasl-Kraupp B, Schulte-Hermann R, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Antagonistic effects of selenium and lipid peroxides on growth control in early hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2012; 55:1112-21. [PMID: 22105228 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor as well as increased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-8 predict poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Moreover, HCC patients display reduced selenium levels, which may cause lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress because selenium is an essential component of antioxidative glutathione peroxidases (GPx). We hypothesized that selenium-lipid peroxide antagonism controls the above prognostic markers and tumor growth. (1) In human HCC cell lines (HCC-1.2, HCC-3, and SNU398) linoleic acid peroxide (LOOH) and other prooxidants enhanced the expression of VEGF and IL-8. LOOH up-regulated AP-1 activation. Selenium inhibited these effects. This inhibition was mediated by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which preferentially degrades lipid peroxides. Selenium enhanced GPx4 expression and total GPx activity, while knock-down of GPx4 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased VEGF, and IL-8 expression. (2) These results were confirmed in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. Selenium treatment during tumor promotion increased hepatic GPx4 expression and reduced the expression of VEGF and of the AP-1 component c-fos as well as nodule growth. (3) In HCC patients, increased levels of LOOH-related antibodies (LOOH-Ab) were found, suggesting enhanced LOOH formation. LOOH-Ab correlated with serum VEGF and IL-8 and with AP-1 activation in HCC tissue. In contrast, selenium inversely correlated with VEGF, IL-8, and HCC size (the latter only for tumors smaller than 3 cm). CONCLUSION Reduced selenium levels result in accumulation of lipid peroxides. This leads to enhanced AP-1 activation and consequently to elevated expression of VEGF and IL-8, which accelerate the growth of HCC. Selenium supplementation could be considered for investigation as a strategy for chemoprevention or additional therapy of early HCC in patients with low selenium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ibáñez E, Stoedter M, Hofmann PJ, Plano D, Calvo A, Nguewa PA, Palop JA, Sanmartín C, Schomburg L. Structure- and cell-specific effects of imidoselenocarbamates on selenoprotein expression and activity in liver cells in culture. Metallomics 2012; 4:1297-307. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
The trace element selenium is an essential micronutrient that is required for the biosynthesis of selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins. Most of the known selenoproteins are expressed in the thyroid gland, including some with still unknown functions. Among the well-characterized selenoproteins are the iodothyronine deiodinases, glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, enzymes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, regulation of redox state and protection from oxidative damage. Selenium content in selenium-sensitive tissues such as the liver, kidney or muscle and expression of nonessential selenoproteins, such as the glutathione peroxidases GPx1 and GPx3, is controlled by nutritional supply. The thyroid gland is, however, largely independent from dietary selenium intake and thyroid selenoproteins are preferentially expressed. As a consequence, no explicit effects on thyroid hormone profiles are observed in healthy individuals undergoing selenium supplementation. However, low selenium status correlates with risk of goiter and multiple nodules in European women. Some clinical studies have demonstrated that selenium-deficient patients with autoimmune thyroid disease benefit from selenium supplementation, although the data are conflicting and many parameters must still be defined. The baseline selenium status of an individual could constitute the most important parameter modifying the outcome of selenium supplementation, which might primarily disrupt self-amplifying cycles of the endocrine-immune system interface rectifying the interaction of lymphocytes with thyroid autoantigens. Selenium deficiency is likely to constitute a risk factor for a feedforward derangement of the immune system-thyroid interaction, while selenium supplementation appears to dampen the self-amplifying nature of this derailed interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Südring 10, CVK, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Hoefig CS, Renko K, Köhrle J, Birringer M, Schomburg L. Comparison of different selenocompounds with respect to nutritional value vs. toxicity using liver cells in culture. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:945-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The intraoperative decrease of selenium is associated with the postoperative development of multiorgan dysfunction in cardiac surgical patients*. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1879-85. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182190d48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Budiman ME, Bubenik JL, Driscoll DM. Identification of a signature motif for the eIF4a3-SECIS interaction. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:7730-9. [PMID: 21685449 PMCID: PMC3177196 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
eIF4a3, a DEAD-box protein family member, is a component of the exon junction complex which assembles on spliced mRNAs. The protein also acts as a transcript-selective translational repressor of selenoprotein synthesis during selenium deficiency. Selenocysteine (Sec) incorporation into selenoproteins requires a Sec Insertion Sequence (SECIS) element in the 3′ untranslated region. During selenium deficiency, eIF4a3 binds SECIS elements from non-essential selenoproteins, preventing Sec insertion. We identified a molecular signature for the eIF4a3-SECIS interaction using RNA gel shifts, surface plasmon resonance and enzymatic foot printing. Our results support a two-site interaction model, where eIF4a3 binds the internal and apical loops of the SECIS. Additionally, the stability of the complex requires uridine in the SECIS core. In terms of protein requirements, the two globular domains of eIF4a3, which are connected by a linker, are both critical for SECIS binding. Compared to full-length eIF4a3, the two domains in trans bind with a lower association rate but notably, the uridine is no longer important for complex stability. These results provide insight into how eIF4a3 discriminates among SECIS elements and represses translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Budiman
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Sunde RA, Raines AM. Selenium regulation of the selenoprotein and nonselenoprotein transcriptomes in rodents. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:138-50. [PMID: 22332043 PMCID: PMC3065762 DOI: 10.3945/an.110.000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses progress in understanding the hierarchy of selenoprotein expression at the transcriptome level from selenium (Se) deficiency to Se toxicity. Microarray studies of the full selenoproteome have found that 5 of 24 rodent selenoprotein mRNA decrease to <40% of Se adequate levels in Se deficient liver but that the majority of selenoprotein mRNA are not regulated by Se deficiency. These differences match with the hierarchy of selenoprotein expression, helping to explain these differences and also showing that selenoprotein transcripts can be used as molecular biomarkers for assessing Se status. The similarity of the response curves for regulated selenoproteins suggests one underlying mechanism is responsible for the downregulation of selenoprotein mRNA in Se deficiency, but the heterogeneity of the UGA position in regulated and nonregulated selenoprotein transcripts now indicates that current nonsense mediated decay models cannot explain which transcripts are susceptible to mRNA decay. Microarray studies on the full liver transcriptome in rats found only <10 transcripts/treatment were significantly down- or upregulated by Se deficiency or by supernutritional Se up to 2.0 μg Se/g diet (20× requirement), suggesting that cancer prevention associated with supernutritional Se may not be mediated by transcriptional changes. Toxic dietary Se at 50× requirement (5 μg Se/g diet), however, significantly altered ∼4% of the transcriptome, suggesting number of transcriptional changes itself as a biomarker of Se toxicity. Finally, panels of Se regulated selenoprotein plus nonselenoprotein transcripts predict Se status from deficient to toxic better than conventional biomarkers, illustrating potential roles for molecular biomarkers in nutrition.
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Tsuji Y, Mikami T, Anan Y, Ogra Y. Comparison of selenohomolanthionine and selenomethionine in terms of selenium distribution and toxicity in rats by bolus administration. Metallomics 2010; 2:412-8. [PMID: 21072388 DOI: 10.1039/c004026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and metabolism of selenohomolanthionine (4,4'-selenobis[2-aminobutanoic acid], SeHLan), a newly identified selenoamino acid in selenized Japanese pungent radish, were compared with those of selenomethionine (SeMet) in rats. Either selenoamino acid was injected intravenously at a bolus dose of 1.0 mg Se/kg body weight. SeMet was preferably accumulated in the pancreas, increasing the serum amylase level, an index of pancreatic damage. SeHLan was preferably accumulated in the kidneys, raising the serum creatinine level, an index of kidney damage. On the other hand, the levels of two major urinary selenometabolites, i.e., Se-methylseleno-N-acetyl-galactosamine and trimethylselenonium, were comparable between SeHLan- and SeMet-administered rats, suggesting that there may be no differences in the efficiency of metabolism of these two selenoamino acids to the urinary selenometabolites despite the difference in distribution. SeHLan is expected to be a potential supplemental source of Se without inducing the onset of pancreatic damage. The specific toxicity of SeHLan to the kidneys may be avoided if its dose is lower than the one used in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Tsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo, Chiba, Japan
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Suzuki Y, Hashiura Y, Matsumura K, Matsukawa T, Shinohara A, Furuta N. Dynamic pathways of selenium metabolism and excretion in mice under different selenium nutritional statuses. Metallomics 2010; 2:126-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b915816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Flohé L. The labour pains of biochemical selenology: The history of selenoprotein biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1389-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Berry MJ, Howard MT. Reprogramming the Ribosome for Selenoprotein Expression: RNA Elements and Protein Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89382-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
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Budiman ME, Bubenik JL, Miniard AC, Middleton LM, Gerber CA, Cash A, Driscoll DM. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 is a selenium-regulated RNA-binding protein that selectively inhibits selenocysteine incorporation. Mol Cell 2009; 35:479-89. [PMID: 19716792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of selenoproteins requires the translational recoding of the UGA stop codon as selenocysteine. During selenium deficiency, there is a hierarchy of selenoprotein expression, with certain selenoproteins synthesized at the expense of others. The mechanism by which the limiting selenocysteine incorporation machinery is preferentially utilized to maintain the expression of essential selenoproteins has not been elucidated. Here we demonstrate that eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 (eIF4a3) is involved in the translational control of a subset of selenoproteins. The interaction of eIF4a3 with the selenoprotein mRNA prevents the binding of SECIS binding protein 2, which is required for selenocysteine insertion, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of the selenoprotein. Furthermore, the expression of eIF4a3 is regulated in response to selenium. Based on knockdown and overexpression studies, eIF4a3 is necessary and sufficient to mediate selective translational repression in cells. Our results support a model in which eIF4a3 links selenium status with differential selenoprotein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Budiman
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Zhou JC, Zhao H, Li JG, Xia XJ, Wang KN, Zhang YJ, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Lei XG. Selenoprotein gene expression in thyroid and pituitary of young pigs is not affected by dietary selenium deficiency or excess. J Nutr 2009; 139:1061-6. [PMID: 19357213 PMCID: PMC3738374 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and function of selenoproteins in endocrine tissues remain unclear, largely due to limited sample availability. Pigs have a greater metabolic similarity and tissue size than rodents as a model of humans for that purpose. We conducted 2 experiments: 1) we cloned 5 novel porcine selenoprotein genes; and 2) we compared the effects of dietary selenium (Se) on mRNA levels of 12 selenoproteins, activities of 4 antioxidant enzymes, and Se concentrations in testis, thyroid, and pituitary with those in liver of pigs. In Experiment 1, porcine Gpx2, Sephs2, Sep15, Sepn1, and Sepp1 were cloned and demonstrated 84-94% of coding sequence homology to human genes. In Experiment 2, weanling male pigs (n = 30) were fed a Se-deficient (0.02 mg Se/kg) diet added with 0, 0.3, or 3.0 mg Se/kg as Se-enriched yeast for 8 wk. Although dietary Se resulted in dose-dependent increases (P < 0.05) in Se concentrations and GPX activities in all 4 tissues, it did not affect the mRNA levels of any selenoprotein gene in thyroid or pituitary. Testis mRNA levels of Txnrd1 and Sep15 were decreased (P < 0.05) by increasing dietary Se from 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg. Comparatively, expressions of Gpx2, Gpx4, Dio3, and Sep15 were high in pituitary and Dio1, Sepp1, Sephs2, and Gpx1 were high in liver. In conclusion, the mRNA abundances of the 12 selenoprotein genes in thyroid and pituitary of young pigs were resistant to dietary Se deficiency or excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chang Zhou
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Hua Zhao
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jun-Gang Li
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Xin-Jie Xia
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: and
| | - Kang-Ning Wang
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yan Liu
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ying Zhao
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China and Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: and
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Lum GE, Rowntree JE, Bondioli KR, Southern LL, Williams CC. The influence of dietary selenium on common indicators of selenium status and liver glutathione peroxidase-1 messenger ribonucleic acid. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1739-46. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lu J, Zhong L, Lönn ME, Burk RF, Hill KE, Holmgren A. Penultimate selenocysteine residue replaced by cysteine in thioredoxin reductase from selenium-deficient rat liver. FASEB J 2009; 23:2394-402. [PMID: 19351701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-127662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, and its deficiency can predispose to the development of pathological conditions. This study evaluates the effect of selenium deficiency on the thioredoxin system, consisting of NADPH, selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and thioredoxin (Trx); and the glutathione system, including NADPH, glutathione reductase, glutathione, and glutaredoxin coupled with selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We particularly investigate whether inactive truncated TrxR is present under selenium-starvation conditions due to reading of the UGA codon as stop. Feeding rats a selenium-deficient diet resulted in a large decrease in activity of TrxR and GPx in rat liver but not in the levels of Trx1 and Grx1. However, selenium deficiency induced mitochondrial Grx2 10-fold and markedly changed the expression of some flavoproteins that are involved in the cellular folate, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Liver TrxR mRNA was nearly unchanged, but no truncated enzyme was found. Instead, a low-activity form of TrxR with a cysteine substituted for the penultimate selenocysteine in the C-terminal active site was identified in selenium-deficient rat liver. These results show a novel mechanism for decoding the UGA stop codon, inserting cysteine to make a full-length enzyme that may be required for selenium assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Schomburg L, Schweizer U. Hierarchical regulation of selenoprotein expression and sex-specific effects of selenium. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1453-62. [PMID: 19328222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of selenoproteins is controlled on each one of the textbook steps of protein biosynthesis, i.e., during gene transcription, RNA processing, translation and posttranslational events as well as via control of the stability of the involved intermediates and final products. Selenoproteins are unique in their dependence on the trace element Se which they incorporate as the 21st proteinogenic amino acid, selenocysteine. Higher mammals have developed unique pathways to enable a fine-tuned expression of all their different selenoproteins according to developmental stage, actual needs, and current availability of the trace element. Tightly controlled and dynamic expression patterns of selenoproteins are present in different tissues. Interestingly, these patterns display some differences in male and female individuals, and can be grossly modified during disease, e.g. in cancer, inflammation or neurodegeneration. Likewise, important health issues related to the selenium status show unexpected sexual dimorphisms. Some detailed molecular insights have recently been gained on how the hierarchical Se distribution among the different tissues is achieved, how the selenoprotein biosynthesis machinery discriminates among the individual selenoprotein transcripts and how impaired selenoprotein biosynthesis machinery becomes phenotypically evident in humans. This review tries to summarize these fascinating findings and highlights some interesting and surprising sex-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Südring 10, CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353-Berlin, Germany.
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Shigeta K, Matsumura K, Suzuki Y, Shinohara A, Furuta N. Distribution and dynamic pathway of selenium species in selenium-deficient mice injected with (82)Se-enriched selenite. ANAL SCI 2009; 24:1117-22. [PMID: 18781022 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate Se metabolism in a living body, (82)Se-enriched selenite was injected intravenously into mice fed Se-adequate and -deficient diets. We studied the time-dependent changes in the distribution of the labeled Se in organs, red blood cells, and plasma. The total Se was determined by flow-injection ICPMS, and Se speciation analysis was conducted by micro-affinity chromatography coupled with low-flow ICPMS. Total Se in almost all organs, including liver, showed the maximum at 1 h after injection. From speciation analysis, exogenous (82)Se as Se-containing proteins other than selenoprotein P (Sel-P) (selenium containing albumin (SeAlb) and extra cellular glutathione peroxidase (eGPx)), peaked at 1 h and quickly decreased from 1 to 6 h after injection, whereas that as Sel-P, peaked at 6 h, and gradually decreased from 6 to 72 h after injection. We found that there were two pathways for the transfer of Se in mice; one was as SeAlb until 1 h after injection, and the other was as Sel-P from 6 to 72 h after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Shigeta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Pappas A, Zoidis E, Surai P, Zervas G. Selenoproteins and maternal nutrition. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 151:361-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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