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Sheoran S, Gupta M, Kumari S, Kumar S, Rakshit S. Meta-QTL analysis and candidate genes identification for various abiotic stresses in maize ( Zea mays L.) and their implications in breeding programs. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:26. [PMID: 37309532 PMCID: PMC10248626 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change leads to the concurrence of a number of abiotic stresses including moisture stress (drought, waterlogging), temperature stress (heat, cold), and salinity stress, which are the major factors affecting maize production. To develop abiotic stress tolerance in maize, many quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified, but very few of them have been utilized successfully in breeding programs. In this context, the meta-QTL analysis of the reported QTL will enable the identification of stable/real QTL which will pave a reliable way to introgress these QTL into elite cultivars through marker-assisted selection. In this study, a total of 542 QTL were summarized from 33 published studies for tolerance to different abiotic stresses in maize to conduct meta-QTL analysis using BiomercatorV4.2.3. Among those, only 244 major QTL with more than 10% phenotypic variance were preferably utilised to carry out meta-QTL analysis. In total, 32 meta-QTL possessing 1907 candidate genes were detected for different abiotic stresses over diverse genetic and environmental backgrounds. The MQTL2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.6, 7.1, 9.1, and 9.2 control different stress-related traits for combined abiotic stress tolerance. The candidate genes for important transcription factor families such as ERF, MYB, bZIP, bHLH, NAC, LRR, ZF, MAPK, HSP, peroxidase, and WRKY have been detected for different stress tolerances. The identified meta-QTL are valuable for future climate-resilient maize breeding programs and functional validation of candidate genes studies, which will help to deepen our understanding of the complexity of these abiotic stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01294-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004 India
- Present Address: ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Mamta Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Shweta Kumari
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Present Address: ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, 132001 India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Station, Phanda, Bhopal, 462030 India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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Guhr A, Kircher S. Drought-Induced Stress Priming in Two Distinct Filamentous Saprotrophic Fungi. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:27-33. [PMID: 31950228 PMCID: PMC7338827 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sessile organisms constantly face environmental fluctuations and especially drought is a common stressor. One adaptive mechanism is "stress priming," the ability to cope with a severe stress ("triggering") by retaining information from a previous mild stress event ("priming"). While plants have been extensively investigated for drought-induced stress priming, no information is available for saprotrophic filamentous fungi, which are highly important for nutrient cycles. Here, we investigated the potential for drought-induced stress priming of one strain each of two ubiquitous species, Neurospora crassa and Penicillium chrysogenum. A batch experiment with 4 treatments was conducted on a sandy soil: exposure to priming and/or triggering as well as non-stressed controls. A priming stress was caused by desiccation to pF 4. The samples were then rewetted and after 1-, 7-, or 14-days of recovery triggered (pF 6). After triggering, fungal biomass, respiration, and β-glucosidase activity were quantified. P. chrysogenum showed positive stress priming effects. After 1 day of recovery, biomass as well as β-glucosidase activity and respiration were 0.5 to 5 times higher during triggering. Effects on biomass and activity decreased with prolonged recovery but lasted for 7 days and minor effects were still detectable after 14 days. Without triggering, stress priming had a temporary negative impact on biomass but this reversed after 14 days. For N. crassa, no stress priming effect was observed on the tested variables. The potential for drought-induced stress priming seems to be species specific with potentially high impact on composition and activity of fungal communities considering the expected increase of drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Guhr
- Department of Soil Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Sophia Kircher
- Department of Soil Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany
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Nikonorova N, Van den Broeck L, Zhu S, van de Cotte B, Dubois M, Gevaert K, Inzé D, De Smet I. Early mannitol-triggered changes in the Arabidopsis leaf (phospho)proteome reveal growth regulators. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4591-4607. [PMID: 30010984 PMCID: PMC6117580 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth is a complex, quantitative trait, controlled by a plethora of regulatory mechanisms. Diverse environmental stimuli inhibit leaf growth to cope with the perceived stress. In plant research, mannitol is often used to impose osmotic stress and study the underlying growth-repressing mechanisms. In growing leaf tissue of plants briefly exposed to mannitol-induced stress, a highly interconnected gene regulatory network is induced. However, early signalling and associated protein phosphorylation events that probably precede part of these transcriptional changes and that potentially act at the onset of mannitol-induced leaf size reduction are largely unknown. Here, we performed a proteome and phosphoproteome analysis on growing leaf tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to mild mannitol-induced stress and captured the fast (within the first half hour) events associated with this stress. Based on this in-depth data analysis, 167 and 172 differentially regulated proteins and phosphorylated sites were found. We provide these data sets as a community resource and we flag differentially phosphorylated proteins with described growth-regulatory functions, but we also illustrate potential novel regulators of shoot growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nikonorova
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shanshuo Zhu
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Ghent University, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Gyöngyösi N, Káldi K. Interconnections of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and circadian rhythm in Neurospora crassa. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:3007-23. [PMID: 23964982 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Both circadian rhythm and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental features of aerobic eukaryotic cells. The circadian clock enhances the fitness of organisms by enabling them to anticipate cycling changes in the surroundings. ROS generation in the cell is often altered in response to environmental changes, but oscillations in ROS levels may also reflect endogenous metabolic fluctuations governed by the circadian clock. On the other hand, an effective regulation and timing of antioxidant mechanisms may be crucial in the defense of cellular integrity. Thus, an interaction between the circadian timekeeping machinery and ROS homeostasis or signaling in both directions may be of advantage at all phylogenetic levels. RECENT ADVANCES The Frequency-White Collar-1 and White Collar-2 oscillator (FWO) of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is well characterized at the molecular level. Several members of the ROS homeostasis were found to be controlled by the circadian clock, and ROS levels display circadian rhythm in Neurospora. On the other hand, multiple data indicate that ROS affect the molecular oscillator. CRITICAL ISSUES Increasing evidence suggests the interplay between ROS homeostasis and oscillators that may be partially or fully independent of the FWO. In addition, ROS may be part of a complex cellular network synchronizing non-transcriptional oscillators with timekeeping machineries based on the classical transcription-translation feedback mechanism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further investigations are needed to clarify how the different layers of the bidirectional interactions between ROS homeostasis and circadian regulation are interconnected.
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Xu J, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Zhang G, Guo X, Wu F, Wang Q, Rong T, Pan G, Cao M, Tang Q, Gao S, Liu Y, Wang J, Lan H, Lu Y. Identification of candidate genes for drought tolerance by whole-genome resequencing in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:83. [PMID: 24684805 PMCID: PMC4021222 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for maize production. With the availability of maize B73 reference genome and whole-genome resequencing of 15 maize inbreds, common variants (CV) and clustering analyses were applied to identify non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and corresponding candidate genes for drought tolerance. RESULTS A total of 524 nsSNPs that were associated with 271 candidate genes involved in plant hormone regulation, carbohydrate and sugar metabolism, signaling molecules regulation, redox reaction and acclimation of photosynthesis to environment were detected by CV and cluster analyses. Most of the nsSNPs identified were clustered in bin 1.07 region that harbored six previously reported QTL with relatively high phenotypic variation explained for drought tolerance. Genes Ontology (GO) analysis of candidate genes revealed that there were 35 GO terms related to biotic stimulus and membrane-bounded organelle, showing significant differences between the candidate genes and the reference B73 background. Changes of expression level in these candidate genes for drought tolerance were detected using RNA sequencing for fertilized ovary, basal leaf meristem tissue and roots collected under drought stressed and well-watered conditions. The results indicated that 70% of candidate genes showed significantly expression changes under two water treatments and our strategies for mining candidate genes are feasible and relatively efficient. CONCLUSIONS Our results successfully revealed candidate nsSNPs and associated genes for drought tolerance by comparative sequence analysis of 16 maize inbred lines. Both methods we applied were proved to be efficient for identifying candidate genes for complex traits through the next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS). These selected genes will not only facilitate understanding of genetic basis of drought stress response, but also accelerate genetic improvement through marker-assisted selection in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Yibing Yuan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Yunbi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, the National Key Facilities for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan 56130 Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Fengkai Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Qilin Tang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Lan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130 Sichuan, China
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Ravindran C, Varatharajan GR, Rajasabapathy R, Vijayakanth S, Kumar AH, Meena RM. A role for antioxidants in acclimation of marine derived pathogenic fungus (NIOCC 1) to salt stress. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:168-79. [PMID: 22809619 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance a key factor helps in understanding the ionic homeostasis in general, which is a fundamental cellular phenomenon in all living cells. Here, a marine derived pathogenic fungus was examined for its adaptation under salt stress using antioxidant properties. The aqueous extracts of halophilic fungus exhibited different levels of antioxidant activity in all the in vitro tests such as α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(·)), Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Assay (HRSA), Metal chelating assay and β-carotene-linoleic acid model system. The antioxidant capacity of marine fungus exposed to high salt condition showed an increase in activity. In addition, the production of intra and extracellular antioxidant enzymes of the fungus at various salt stresses were analyzed and discussed for their possible role in the stress mechanism. The marine derived fungus was identified as Phialosimplex genus, which is associated with infections in dogs. Thus the present study elucidates that the scavenging activity is one of the protective mechanisms developed in the fungus to avoid the deleterious effect of salt stress. In addition, the study also helps in understanding how the pathogenic fungus tackles the oxidative burst i.e. hypersensitivity reaction performed by host to kill the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnarajan Ravindran
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.
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Stress induced cross-protection against environmental challenges on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 27:1281-96. [PMID: 25187127 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes thrive successfully in stressful environments such as high osmolarity, acidic or alkali, solar heat and u.v. radiation, nutrient starvation, oxidative stress, and several others. To live under these continuous stress conditions, these microbes must have mechanisms to protect their proteins, membranes, and nucleic acids, as well as other mechanisms that repair nucleic acids. The stress responses in bacteria are controlled by master regulators, which include alternative sigma factors, such as RpoS and RpoH. The sigma factor RpoS integrates multiple signals, such as the general stress response regulators and the sigma factor RpoH regulates the heat shock proteins. These response pathways extensively overlap and are induced to various extents by the same environmental stresses. In eukaryotes, two major pathways regulate the stress responses: stress proteins, termed heat shock proteins (HSP), which appear to be required only for growth during moderate stress, and stress response elements (STRE), which are induced by different stress conditions and these elements result in the acquisition of a tolerant state towards any stress condition. In this review, the mechanisms of stress resistance between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes will be described and compared.
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Abrashev RI, Pashova SB, Stefanova LN, Vassilev SV, Dolashka-Angelova PA, Angelova MB. Heat-shock-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant response in Aspergillus niger 26. Can J Microbiol 2009; 54:977-83. [PMID: 19096452 DOI: 10.1139/w08-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To extend the knowledge about the relationship between heat shock and oxidative stress in lower eukaryotes, the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger 26 was chosen as a model system. Here, the response of A. niger cells to heat shock is reported. The temperature treatment significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, superoxide anions (O2), and hydrogen peroxide and the rate of cyanide-resistant respiration as a marker of oxidative stress. Enhanced reactive oxygen species generation coincided with an increase in the content of oxidative damaged protein and in the accumulation of the storage carbohydrates trehalose and glycogen. Thermal survival of the A. niger cells corresponded to a significant increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase for all variants. These observations suggest that heat and oxidative stress have a common cellular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav I Abrashev
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Academician G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Rangel DEN, Butler MJ, Torabinejad J, Anderson AJ, Braga GUL, Day AW, Roberts DW. Mutants and isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae are diverse in their relationships between conidial pigmentation and stress tolerance. J Invertebr Pathol 2006; 93:170-82. [PMID: 16934287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Conidial pigmentation is involved in protection against heat and UV radiation in several fungal species. In this study, we compare the tolerance of 17 color mutants of wild-type ARSEF 23 plus 13 color mutants of wild-type ARSEF 2575 of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae to wet-heat and UV-B or simulated-solar radiation. The stress tolerance of each mutant was compared with that of its wild-type parent, and with the most thermo- and UV-tolerant wild-type Metarhizium we have tested to date, M. anisopliae var. acridum (ARSEF 324). The color of each isolate or mutant was identified with the PANTONE Color Standard book [Eiseman, L., Herbert, L., 1990. The PANTONE((R)) Book of Color: over 1000 color standards: color basics and guidelines for design, fashion, furnishing... and more. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, New York]. In addition, the pigments of each mutant or wild-type were extracted and the UV absorbances of the extracts compared to the stress tolerance of those isolates; but no relationships were detected. Color mutants of ARSEF 23, in general, were less UV tolerant than their parent wild-type. With ARSEF 23 and its mutants, conidial pigmentation was important to conidial tolerance to UV-B and simulated-solar radiation; but color had less impact on ARSEF 2575 and its mutants. The ARSEF 2575 color mutants were less variable in UV tolerance than those of ARSEF 23, even though very similar colors occurred in the two groups of mutants. When color mutants of ARSEF 23 reverted to wild-type color they recovered wild-type levels of UV tolerance. Results of UV-B and UV-A exposures of wild-types ARSEF 23 and ARSEF 2575 conidia indicated that they are equally tolerant of UV-A, but differ in UV-B-response. For thermotolerance, several mutants were more heat tolerant than their wild-type parents. Accordingly, darker pigmentation of wild-type isolates was not important to protection against heat.
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Rangel DEN, Anderson AJ, Roberts DW. Growth of Metarhizium anisopliae on non-preferred carbon sources yields conidia with increased UV-B tolerance. J Invertebr Pathol 2006; 93:127-34. [PMID: 16842815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conidia of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae produced on different growth substrates (culture media or insect cadavers) demonstrate reproducibly altered tolerance to UV-B radiation [Rangel, D.E.N., Braga, G.U.L., Flint, S.D., Anderson, A.J., Roberts, D.W., 2004. Variations in UV-B tolerance and germination speed of M. anisopliae conidia produced on artificial and natural substrates. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 87, 77-83]. In the current study, the fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar with yeast extract (PDAY), on minimal medium [(MM)=Czapek medium without saccharose], or on MM with one of 16 different carbon sources. The conidia produced on these media were exposed to UV-B radiation. Great amplitude in phenotypic plasticity for UV-B tolerance was demonstrated, viz., conidia produced under nutritive stress [MM or MM supplemented with non-preferred carbon sources (e.g., fructose, galactose, lactose etc.)] had at least two times higher tolerance than conidia produced on the rich medium (PDAY). Endogenous trehalose and mannitol accumulated at least two times more in conidia produced on MM (or MM with lactose, a non-preferred carbon source), as compared to conidia from MM plus glucose. High accumulations of these two carbohydrates in fungal spores are known to protect them against a wide range of stresses. Sporulation, however, was most profuse on PDAY, second best on MM plus d-mannose and least on MM or MM containing non-preferred carbon sources. Taken together, the results illustrate that nutritive stress generated by MM or MM plus a non-preferred carbon source greatly improved UV-B tolerance, but reduced conidial yield; while, on the other hand, preferred carbon sources improved conidial yield, but reduced UV-B tolerance.
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Abrashev R, Dolashka P, Christova R, Stefanova L, Angelova M. Role of antioxidant enzymes in survival of conidiospores of Aspergillus niger 26 under conditions of temperature stress. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:902-9. [PMID: 16162242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A better understanding of the role of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the protection of Aspergillus niger spores against thermal stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Conidiospores from A. niger 26 were subjected to wide range of temperatures (30, 50, 60 and 80 degrees C). The stress response was investigated by the determination of spore germination and mycelial growth of survivors under submerged cultivation. Exposure to any temperature above the optimal value induced an increase in SOD and CAT activities. PAGE demonstrated enhanced level of Cu/ZnSOD under stress conditions. We compared the influence of heat shock and superoxide-generating agent paraquat on growth and antioxidant enzyme defence and found different response to the both type of stresses. CONCLUSIONS Heat stress elicits the enhanced synthesis of enzymes whose functions are to scavenge reactive oxygen species. These results suggested an association between thermal and oxidative stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Evidence is provided for the possibility that oxidative stress plays a major role in the effect of heat in low eucaryotes such as A. niger. This knowledge may be of importance in controlling both fermentation and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abrashev
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Gocheva B, Ivanova I, Kostova I, Ivanova N. Biochemical Changes in Streptomyces Tenebrarius—Produces of Nebramycin Antibiotic Complex under the Effect of Stress Factors. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2003.10819200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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White NA, Buultjens EJ, Palfreyman JW. Induction of transient thermotolerance in Serpula lacrymans and S. himantioides following exposure to supraoptimal (sublethal) temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Changes in the levels of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inBrassica napus cultivars showing variable resistance toLeptosphaeria maculans. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02814401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
A survey of 12 genetically distinct, heat-sensitive mutants of Neurospora revealed three (un-1, un-3, and un-17) that are specifically deficient in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes SOD-2 (mitochondrial), SOD-3 (mitochondrial), SOD-4 (exocellular), respectively. Genetic analysis of the three mutants indicates that the enzyme deficiencies are probably the cause of the heat-sensitive phenotype. The phenotypes of the mutants are (1) no growth at the normally optimal temperature 35 degrees C and comparatively inferior growth at 15-30 degrees C; (2) inferior resistance to the oxidants paraquat or oxygen; (3) female sterility; and (4) inferior conidial viability and longevity. Paraquat or O2 inhibition is alleviated respectively by desferrioxamine-Mn (a SOD mimic) and tocopherol. Diverse antioxidants, including tocopherol, are therapeutic for the heat-sensitive and female-sterile phenotypes, and for inferior growth of wild type at stressfully high temperatures. The results support previous theories that heat stress is a form of oxyradical/oxidant stress and that antioxidant enzymes such as SOD are essential for normal growth, development, and longevity. Since the three genes may encode the three enzymes and are not closely linked to either one another or the family of antioxidant-enzyme regulatory genes Age-1, the latter apparently trans-regulate their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Munkres
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Lavie L, Weinreb O, Gershon D. Age-related alterations in superoxide anion generation in mouse peritoneal macrophages studied by repeated stimulations and heat shock treatment. J Cell Physiol 1992; 152:382-8. [PMID: 1322418 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041520220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) from young and senescent mice to generate superoxide anions (O2-) under repeated stimulation or thermal stress was studied using either zymosan, opsonized zymosan (OZ), or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). A diminished capacity to recover from repeated stimulation was found with aging. When stimulated for a second time 24 hours after the primary stimulation, PM from young animals generated 80% of the initial O2- responses to either zymosan, or OZ. Under the same conditions, PM from senescent mice generated 62% of the initial O2- produced in response to zymosan, and 45% in response to OZ. In both age groups the response to a second PMA stimulation comprised only 10% of the primary response. A considerably diminished capacity to generate O2- was also demonstrated in PM from senescent mice after recovery from exposure to thermal stress. Exposure to 42.5 degrees C for 20 minutes was found to be the threshold temperature for irreversible loss of activity in senescent PM, whereas at this temperature, PM from young animals recovered up to 70% of their O2- generating activity. Since NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were only mildly affected by the hyperthermia in all age groups, they could not account for the age-related decline in the recovery from stress. Age-related alterations in signal transduction or receptor alterations could possibly play a primary role in this decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lavie
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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18
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Levy E, Eyal Z, Hochman A. Purification and characterization of a catalase-peroxidase from the fungus Septoria tritici. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 296:321-7. [PMID: 1605641 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90579-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three classes of heme proteins, commonly designated hydroperoxidases, are involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide: catalases, peroxidases, and catalase-peroxidases. While catalases and peroxidases are widely spread in animals, plants, and microorganisms, catalase-peroxidases were characterized only in prokaryotes. We report here, for the first time, on a catalase-peroxidase in a eukaryotic organism. The enzyme was purified from the fungal wheat pathogen Septoria tritici, and is one of three different hydroperoxidases synthesized by this organism. The S. tritici catalase-peroxidase, designated StCP, is similar to the enzymes previously isolated from the bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, although it is significantly more sensitive to denaturing conditions. In addition to its catalatic activity StCP catalyzes peroxidatic activity with o-dianisidine, diaminobenzidine, pyrogallol, NADH, and NADPH as electron donors. The enzyme is a tetramer with identical subunits of 61,000 Da molecular weight. StCP shows a typical high-spin ferric heme spectrum with a Soret band at 405 nm and a peak at 632 nm, and binding of cyanide causes a shift of the Soret band to 421 nm, the appearance of a peak at 537 nm, and abolition of the peak at 632 nm. Reduction with dithionite results in a decrease in the intensity of the Soret band and its shift to 436 nm, and in the appearance of a peak at 552 nm. The pH optimum is 6-6.5 and 5.4 for the catalatic and peroxidatic activities, respectively. Fifty percent of the apparent maximal activity is reached at 3.4 mM and 0.26 mM for the catalatic and peroxidatic activities, respectively. The enzyme is inactivated by ethanol/chloroform, and is inhibited by KCN and NaN3, but not by the typical catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Levy
- Department of Botany, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel 69978
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19
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Singh SP, Kesavan PC. Biochemical effects of heat shock and caffeine on post-irradiation oxic and anoxic damage in barley seeds of low and high water content. Int J Radiat Biol 1991; 59:1227-36. [PMID: 1675240 DOI: 10.1080/09553009114551101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wet heat shock (60 degrees C, 90 s) and caffeine (3.8 X 10(-4) M) afford significant radioprotection against post-irradiation O2-dependent damage which develops in seeds of approximately 3.5% moisture content. The damage was assessed in terms of seedling injury on the eighth day of growth. An increase in seedling injury is clearly seen, associated with a parallel increase in the peroxidase activity. There is a concomitant decrease in the content of total peroxides. Both these post-irradiation treatments potentiate the O2-independent component of seedling injury, irrespective of the seed moisture content. Analysis of the peroxidase activity in the seedlings using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that two additional bands appear with the post-irradiation oxic damage. Radioprotection against this damage by caffeine, heat shock and O2-free post-irradiation hydration is accompanied by the disappearance of these two additional bands. However there is no appearance of the two additional bands in the peroxidase family even though the enzyme activity is substantially increased due to the action of caffeine and/or heat shock on the post-irradiation O2-independent pathway of damage. The probable mechanisms of radioprotection are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Kapoor M, Sreenivasan GM, Goel N, Lewis J. Development of thermotolerance in Neurospora crassa by heat shock and other stresses eliciting peroxidase induction. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:2798-801. [PMID: 2139653 PMCID: PMC208932 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.5.2798-2801.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia, CdCl2, sodium arsenite, and H2O2 led to the rapid appearance of high levels of peroxidase in Neurospora crassa cultures and induced tolerance toward normally lethal temperatures in 60-h-old colonies. Intracellular superoxide dismutase levels did not correlate with the development of thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kapoor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Abstract
The expression and induction of stress protein families were examined in cultured human fetal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)-derived cells. These stress proteins (SPs) include the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) that have been shown to be highly inducible following treatment by heat, amino acid analogues, and various chemical oxidants. Three sets of proteins with molecular weights of 70, 84, and 110 kilodaltons were elevated simultaneously from constitutive levels after treatment with azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AzC), an amino acid analogue of proline. Further experiments demonstrated that incubation of cultured human fetal RPE-derived cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations ranging from 10(-5) M to 10(-3) M for 30 minutes to 60 minutes did not elevate the levels of the common families of HSPs as with AzC. These results indicate that cultured human fetal RPE-derived cells are capable of elevated HSP biosynthesis after AzC exposure but appear resistant to H2O2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles
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