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Bin Kanner Y, Teng QX, Ganoth A, Peer D, Wang JQ, Chen ZS, Tsfadia Y. Cytotoxicity and reversal effect of sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram on MRP1- and MRP7-mediated MDR. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1290255. [PMID: 38026953 PMCID: PMC10651738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a major challenge in treating malignancies. In recent years, researchers have focused on understanding the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells and have identified the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABCC1/MRP1 and ABCC10/MRP7, as a key factor in the development of MDR. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether three drugs (sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram) from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) family, commonly used as antidepressants, could be repurposed as inhibitors of MRP1 and MRP7 transporters and reverse MDR in cancer cells. Using a combination of in silico predictions and in vitro validations, we analyzed the interaction of MRP1 and MRP7 with the drugs and evaluated their ability to hinder cell resistance. We used computational tools to identify and analyze the binding site of these three molecules and determine their binding energy. Subsequently, we conducted experimental assays to assess cell viability when treated with various standard chemotherapies, both with and without the presence of SSRI inhibitors. Our results show that all three SSRI drugs exhibited inhibitory/reversal effects in the presence of chemotherapies on both MRP1-overexpressed cells and MRP7-overexpressed cells, suggesting that these medications have the potential to be repurposed to target MDR in cancer cells. These findings may open the door to using FDA-approved medications in combination therapy protocols to treat highly resistant malignancies and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment. Our research highlights the importance of investigating and repurposing existing drugs to overcome MDR in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Bin Kanner
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Assaf Ganoth
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Shmunis School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yossi Tsfadia
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Indrakusuma AABP, Sadeva IGKA, Kusuma IGNAW, Lesmana CBJ, Wihandani DM. The Risk of Antipsychotic Drugs on Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oman Med J 2022; 37:e453. [PMID: 36475277 PMCID: PMC9682323 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2022.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between the consumption of antipsychotic drugs and breast cancer. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, relevant studies were extracted from different databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Medline, and additional sources. The selected studies were statistically analyzed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Of a total of 11 studies selected, five were case-control type and six were cohort type. The overall study quality was 6.7. Meta-analysis of the five case-control studies (which together had 81 766 breast cancer patients and 1 150 316 control participants) showed no significant association between the overall use of antipsychotic drugs and the incidence of breast cancer (odds ratio = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.94-1.19; p =0.36). Q-test results showed evidence of heterogeneity (p < 0.10) in the overall analysis. The I2 statistical assessment also show evidence of heterogeneity (I2> 75%). CONCLUSIONS The use of antipsychotic drugs does not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer.
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Targeting Ca2+ and Mitochondrial Homeostasis by Antipsychotic Thioridazine in Leukemia Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101477. [PMID: 36294912 PMCID: PMC9605445 DOI: 10.3390/life12101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have pivotal roles in cellular physiology including energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. Altered mitochondrial morphology and function is a common feature of cancer cells and the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis has been identified as a key to the response to chemotherapeutic agents in human leukemias. Here, we explore the mechanistic aspects of cytotoxicity produced by thioridazine (TR), an antipsychotic drug that has been investigated for its anticancer potential in human leukemia cellular models. TR exerts selective cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells in vitro. A PCR array provided a general view of the expression of genes involved in cell death pathways. TR immediately produced a pulse of cytosolic Ca2+, followed by mitochondrial uptake, resulting in mitochondrial permeabilization, caspase 9/3 activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Ca2+ chelators, thiol reducer dithiothreitol, or CHOP knockdown prevented TR-induced cell death. TR also exhibited potent cytotoxicity against BCL-2/BCL-xL-overexpressing leukemia cells. Additionally, previous studies have shown that TR exhibits potent antitumor activity in vivo in different solid tumor models. These findings show that TR induces a Ca2+-mediated apoptosis with involvement of mitochondrial permeabilization and ER stress in leukemia and it emphasizes the pharmacological potential of TR as an adjuvant in antitumor chemotherapy.
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Brown JS. Treatment of cancer with antipsychotic medications: Pushing the boundaries of schizophrenia and cancer. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104809. [PMID: 35970416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Over a century ago, the phenothiazine dye, methylene blue, was discovered to have both antipsychotic and anti-cancer effects. In the 20th-century, the first phenothiazine antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was found to inhibit cancer. During the years of elucidating the pharmacology of the phenothiazines, reserpine, an antipsychotic with a long historical background, was likewise discovered to have anti-cancer properties. Research on the effects of antipsychotics on cancer continued slowly until the 21st century when efforts to repurpose antipsychotics for cancer treatment accelerated. This review examines the history of these developments, and identifies which antipsychotics might treat cancer, and which cancers might be treated by antipsychotics. The review also describes the molecular mechanisms through which antipsychotics may inhibit cancer. Although the overlap of molecular pathways between schizophrenia and cancer have been known or suspected for many years, no comprehensive review of the subject has appeared in the psychiatric literature to assess the significance of these similarities. This review fills that gap and discusses what, if any, significance the similarities have regarding the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Drljača J, Popović A, Bulajić D, Stilinović N, Vidičević Novaković S, Sekulić S, Milenković I, Ninković S, Ljubković M, Čapo I. Diazepam diminishes temozolomide efficacy in the treatment of U87 glioblastoma cell line. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1447-1457. [PMID: 35703405 PMCID: PMC9344091 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Many patients with glioblastoma (GBM) suffer from comorbid neurological/psychiatric disorders and, therefore, are treated with psychopharmacological agents. Diazepam (DIA) is widely adopted to treat status epilepticus, alleviate anxiety, and inhibit chemotherapy-associated delayed emesis in GBM patients. Even though temozolomide (TMZ) and DIA could be found as possible combination therapy in clinical practice, there are no reports of their combined effects in GBM. Hence, it may be of interest to investigate whether DIA enhances the antitumor efficacy of TMZ in GBM cells. METHODS U87 human GBM was used to examine the effects of combined TMZ and DIA on cell viability, and the oxygen consumption within the cells, in order to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetic response upon the treatment. RESULTS The cooperative index showed the presence of antagonism between TMZ and DIA, which was confirmed on long-term observation. Moreover, the level of apoptosis after the TMZ treatment was significantly decreased when administered with DIA (p < 0.001). Concomitant use of TMZ and DIA increased the basal cell respiration rate, the oxidative phosphorylation rate, and maximal capacity of mitochondrial electron transport chain, as well as the activities of complexes I and II, vs. TMZ alone (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Comparing our results with data reported that DIA elicits cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and favors senescence reveals that DIA diminishes TMZ efficacy in concomitant use in the treatment of GBM. However, due to its great potency to hinder GBM proliferation and metabolism, it could be considered using DIA as maintenance therapy after TMZ cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Drljača
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popović
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragica Bulajić
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Stilinović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sašenka Vidičević Novaković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Sekulić
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Milenković
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Srđan Ninković
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Ljubković
- Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Association between schizophrenia and prostate cancer risk: Results from a pool of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152308. [PMID: 35303584 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies analyzing the risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia patients have generated mixed results. We performed a meta-analysis and a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the relationship and causality between schizophrenia and the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive and systematic search of cohort studies was conducted, and a random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for prostate cancer incidence among schizophrenia patients versus the general population. To investigate the correlation between genetically-predicted schizophrenia and prostate cancer risk, we used summary statistics from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium (61,106 controls and 79,148 cases), and 75 schizophrenia-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from European descent as the instrumental variable. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies with 218,076 men involved, a decreased risk of prostate cancer was observed among schizophrenia patients [SIR 0.610; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.500-0.740; p < 0.001] with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 83.3%; p < 0.001). However, MR analysis did not sustain the link between genetically-predicted schizophrenia and prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) 1.033; 95% CI 0.998-1.069; p = 0.065]. The result was robust against extensive sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated a decreased risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia patients through meta-analysis, while MR analysis did not support the connection between schizophrenia and prostate cancer. Due to the interaction of genetic variants between binary exposures, we need to be cautious in interpreting and presenting causal associations. Moreover, further research is needed to investigate underlying factors that might link schizophrenia to the risk of prostate cancer.
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Jeong JY, Park H, Yoo H, Kim EJ, Jeon B, Lee JD, Kang D, Lee CJ, Paek SH, Roh EJ, Yi GS, Kang SS. Trifluoperazine and Its Analog Suppressed the Tumorigenicity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell; Applicability of Antipsychotic Drugs to Lung Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051046. [PMID: 35625784 PMCID: PMC9138877 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases. Recently, some antipsychotics have been shown to possess anticancer activity. However, the effects of antipsychotics on NSCLC need to be further explored. We examined the effects of trifluoperazine (TFP), a commonly used antipsychotic drug, and its synthetic analogs on A549 human lung cancer cells. In addition, cell proliferation analysis, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, and in vivo xenograft experiments were performed. Key genes and mechanisms possibly affected by TFP are significantly related to better survival outcomes in lung cancer patients. Treatment with TFP and a selected TFP analog 3dc significantly inhibited the proliferation, anchorage-dependent/independent colony formation, and migration of A549 cells. Treatment with 3dc affected the expression of genes related to the apoptosis and survival of A549 cells. Treatment with 3dc promoted apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. In all experiments, including in vivo studies of metastatic lung cancer development, 3dc had more substantial anticancer effects than TFP. According to our analysis of publicly available clinical data and in vitro and in vivo experiments, we suggest that some kinds of antipsychotics prevent the progression of NSCLC. Furthermore, this study indicates a synthetic TFP analog that could be a potential therapeutic for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Haangik Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Hong Yoo
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.Y.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.-J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Borami Jeon
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (B.J.); (E.J.R.)
| | - Jong Deog Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.Y.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.-J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Changjoon Justin Lee
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction and Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (B.J.); (E.J.R.)
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-350-4318 (G.-S.Y.); +82-55-772-8033 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-350-4318 (G.-S.Y.); +82-55-772-8033 (S.S.K.)
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Baú-Carneiro JL, Akemi Guirao Sumida I, Gallon M, Zaleski T, Boia-Ferreira M, Bridi Cavassin F. Sertraline repositioning: an overview of its potential use as a chemotherapeutic agent after four decades of tumor reversal studies. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101303. [PMID: 34911014 PMCID: PMC8681026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen different neoplasms were shown to be susceptible to the antidepressant drug sertraline. The mechanisms of action through which sertraline can kill tumor cells are apoptosis, autophagy, and drug synergism. Sertraline inhibits TCTP, a tumor protein involved in cell survival pathways, responsible for reducing p53 levels. The testing of sertraline in vitro and in vivo resulted in reduced cell counting, shrinking of tumoral masses and increased survival rates. Dose extrapolation from animals to humans has shown a therapeutic index of sertraline that could support future clinical trials.
Sertraline hydrochloride is a first-line antidepressant with potential antineoplastic properties because of its structural similarity with other drugs capable to inhibit the translation-controlled tumor protein (TCTP), a biomolecule involved in cell proliferation. Recent studies suggest it could be repositioned for cancer treatment. In this review, we systematically map the findings that repurpose sertraline as an antitumoral agent, including the mechanisms of action that support this hypotesis. From experimental in vivo and in vitro tumor models of thirteen different types of neoplasms, three mechanisms of action are proposed: apoptosis, autophagy, and drug synergism. The antidepressant is able to inhibit TCTP, modulate chemotherapeutical resistance and exhibit proper cytotoxicity, resulting in reduced cell counting (in vitro) and shrunken tumor masses (in vivo). A mathematical equation determined possible doses to be used in human beings, supporting that sertraline could be explored in clinical trials as a TCTP-inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Baú-Carneiro
- Medical School Undergraduate Program, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Malu Gallon
- Medical School Undergraduate Program, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tânia Zaleski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Brazil; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR), Paranaguá, Brazil; Post Graduate Program of National Network's in Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marianna Boia-Ferreira
- Postdoctoral Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Matteoni S, Matarrese P, Ascione B, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Villani V, Pace A, Paggi MG, Abbruzzese C. Chlorpromazine induces cytotoxic autophagy in glioblastoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:347. [PMID: 34740374 PMCID: PMC8569984 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV glioma) is characterized by a very short overall survival time and extremely low 5-year survival rates. We intend to promote experimental and clinical research on rationale and scientifically driven drug repurposing. This may represent a safe and often inexpensive way to propose novel pharmacological approaches to GBM. Our precedent work describes the role of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in hindering malignant features of GBM. Here, we investigate in greater detail the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the effect of CPZ on GBM cells. METHODS We employed proteomics platforms, i.e., activity-based protein profiling plus mass spectrometry, to identify potential cellular targets of the drug. Then, by means of established molecular and cellular biology techniques, we assessed the effects of this drug on GBM cell metabolic and survival pathways. RESULTS The experimental output indicated as putative targets of CPZ several of factors implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with consequent unfolded protein response (UPR). Such a perturbation culminated in a noticeable reactive oxygen species generation and intense autophagic response that resulted in cytotoxic and abortive effects for six GBM cell lines, three of which growing as neurospheres, while it appeared cytoprotective for the RPE-1 human non-cancer neuro-ectodermal cell line. CONCLUSIONS This discrepancy could be central in explaining the lethal effects of the drug on GBM cells and the relatively scarce cytotoxicity toward normal tissues attributed to this compound. The data presented here offer support to the multicenter phase II clinical trial we have undertaken, which consists of the addition of CPZ to first-line treatment of GBM patients carrying a hypo- or un-methylated MGMT gene, i.e. those characterized by intrinsic resistance to temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ascione
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University School of Medicine, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Takaishi K, Kudo Y, Kawahito S, Kitahata H. Clinically relevant concentration of propofol and benzodiazepines did not affect in vitro angiogenesis. J Anesth 2021; 35:870-878. [PMID: 34460008 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-021-02993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis, one of regenerative medicine, is essential in the process of wound healing. The detailed effects of intravenous anesthetics and sedatives used during perioperative period have not yet been clarified. We investigated the effects of benzodiazepines and propofol on in vitro capillary tube formation. METHODS The effects of midazolam, diazepam and propofol (1, 10, 50 µM each) on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal human diploid fibroblasts (NHDF) were determined. Quantitation of migration was achieved by measuring the fluorescence of migrating HUVEC using angiogenesis system. The effects of midazolam, diazepam and propofol on in vitro angiogenesis were investigated in co-cultured HUVEC and NHDF incubated. The effects of midazolam on activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases were examined by Western blot analysis using phospho-specific antibodies. Parametric data were analyzed with one-way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by the Scheffé test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty µM of midazolam significantly impaired endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and in vitro capillary tube formation. Propofol, diazepam or lower dose midazolam did not show any enhancing or suppressive effects on in vitro angiogenesis. Fifty µM of midazolam remarkably activated ERK, but not p38 MAPK in HUVEC. CONCLUSION Propofol and benzodiazepines except high-dose midazolam did not affect in vitro angiogenesis. High-dose midazolam may impair in vitro capillary tube formation due to by suppressing proliferation and migration of endothelial cells via activation of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Takaishi
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawahito
- Department of Community Medicine and Human Resource Development, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitahata
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
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11
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Bormans S, Oudebrouckx G, Vandormael P, Vandenryt T, Wagner P, Somers V, Thoelen R. Pulsed Thermal Method for Monitoring Cell Proliferation in Real-Time. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2440. [PMID: 33916287 PMCID: PMC8036761 DOI: 10.3390/s21072440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of cell proliferation is of great importance for medical and biological research, as well as for industrial applications. To render the proliferation process accurately over time, real-time cell proliferation assay methods are required. This work presents a novel real-time and label-free approach for monitoring cell proliferation by continuously measuring changes in thermal properties that occur at the sensor interface during the process. The sensor consists of a single planar resistive structure deposited on a thin foil substrate, integrated at the bottom of a cell culture reservoir. During measurement, the structure is excited with square wave current pulses. Meanwhile, the temperature-induced voltage change measured over the structure is used to derive variations in the number of cells at the interface. This principle is demonstrated first by performing cell sedimentation measurements to quantify the presence of cells at the sensor interface in the absence of cell growth. Later, cell proliferation experiments were performed, whereby parameters such as the available nutrient content and the cell starting concentration were modified. Results from these experiments show that the thermal-based sensor is able to accurately measure variations in the number of cells at the interface. Moreover, the influence of the modified parameters could be observed in the obtained proliferation curves. These findings highlight the potential for the presented thermal method to be incorporated in a standardized well plate format for high-throughput monitoring of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Bormans
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gilles Oudebrouckx
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick Vandormael
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.S.)
| | - Thijs Vandenryt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.S.)
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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12
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Matteoni S, Matarrese P, Ascione B, Buccarelli M, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Villani V, Pace A, Paggi MG, Abbruzzese C. Anticancer Properties of the Antipsychotic Drug Chlorpromazine and Its Synergism With Temozolomide in Restraining Human Glioblastoma Proliferation In Vitro. Front Oncol 2021; 11:635472. [PMID: 33718225 PMCID: PMC7952964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.635472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extremely poor prognosis of patients affected by glioblastoma (GBM, grade IV glioma) prompts the search for new and more effective therapies. In this regard, drug repurposing or repositioning can represent a safe, swift, and inexpensive way to bring novel pharmacological approaches from bench to bedside. Chlorpromazine, a medication used since six decades for the therapy of psychiatric disorders, shows in vitro several features that make it eligible for repositioning in cancer therapy. Using six GBM cell lines, three of which growing as patient-derived neurospheres and displaying stem-like properties, we found that chlorpromazine was able to inhibit viability in an apoptosis-independent way, induce hyperdiploidy, reduce cloning efficiency as well as neurosphere formation and downregulate the expression of stemness genes in all these cell lines. Notably, chlorpromazine synergized with temozolomide, the first-line therapeutic in GBM patients, in hindering GBM cell viability, and both drugs strongly cooperated in reducing cloning efficiency and inducing cell death in vitro for all the GBM cell lines assayed. These results prompted us to start a Phase II clinical trial on GBM patients (EudraCT # 2019-001988-75; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04224441) by adding chlorpromazine to temozolomide in the adjuvant phase of the standard first-line therapeutic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ascione
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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13
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Li R, Li X, Yan P, Bing Z, Cao L, Hui X, Li J, Liu X, Yang K. Relationship between antidepressive agents and incidence risk of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1105-1124. [PMID: 33543643 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to review the association between antidepressive agent (AD) use and the incidence risk of breast cancer. Methods: CBM, WOS, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library were systematically searched in July 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: We included 19 studies from six countries or regions with relationships between breast cancer and ADs. Subgroup analysis showed no significant association in nested case-control or case-control studies; however, cohort studies revealed a significant association (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04-1.17). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that breast cancer was not associated with the use of ADs when considering all types of studies, but an association was observed if we considered cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Institution of Clinical Research & Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu Province People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhitong Bing
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liujiao Cao
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xu Hui
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Institution of Clinical Research & Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu Province People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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14
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Liu X, He JH, Sakthivel R, Chung RJ. Rare earth erbium molybdate nanoflakes decorated functionalized carbon nanofibers: An affordable and potential catalytic platform for the electrooxidation of phenothiazine. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Valli D, Gruszka AM, Alcalay M. Has Drug Repurposing Fulfilled its Promise in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia? J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1892. [PMID: 32560371 PMCID: PMC7356362 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a method of drug discovery that consists of finding a new therapeutic context for an old drug. Compound identification arises from screening of large libraries of active compounds, through interrogating databases of cell line gene expression response upon treatment or by merging several types of information concerning disease-drug relationships. Although, there is a general consensus on the potential and advantages of this drug discovery modality, at the practical level to-date no non-anti-cancer repurposed compounds have been introduced into standard acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) management, albeit that preclinical validation yielded several candidates. The review presents the state-of-the-art drug repurposing approach in AML and poses the question of what has to be done in order to take a full advantage of it, both at the stage of screening design and later when progressing from the preclinical to the clinical phases of drug development. We argue that improvements are needed to model and read-out systems as well as to screening technologies, but also to more funding and trust in drug repurposing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Valli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20 139 Milan, Italy; (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Alicja M. Gruszka
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20 139 Milan, Italy; (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20 139 Milan, Italy; (D.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20 122 Milan, Italy
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16
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Chen VCH, Hsieh YH, Lin TC, Lu ML, Liao YT, Yang YH, Hsu TC, Stewart R, Weng JC, Lee MJ, Chiu WC, Tzang BS. New Use for Old Drugs: The Protective Effect of Risperidone on Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061560. [PMID: 32545657 PMCID: PMC7352868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The potential of old drugs in novel indications is being greatly valued. We propose a triple-model study involving population-based, cell, and animal studies to investigate the effects of risperidone, a type of second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drug, on colorectal cancer. (2) Methods: We used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2013 to compare 101,989 patients with colorectal cancer and 101,989 controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between SGA exposure and the risk of colorectal cancer. The following bench studies were performed to evaluate the findings of the population-based study. (3) Results: We found that SGAs had been less commonly used in colorectal cancer patients than in controls. The colorectal cancer risk was reduced with an increase in the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of SGAs. The adjusted odds ratio of antipsychotic use for cDDD days was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.25–0.42). Risperidone exhibited the most prominent tumor inhibition effect in a cell screen study. Bench data revealed that risperidone significantly induced apoptosis and elevated intracellular ROS in human SW480 cells and suppressed the proliferation of the xenografted SW480 tumor in nude mice. (4) Conclusion: This triple-model study demonstrates the association between risperidone usage and a lower risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (V.C.-H.C.); (J.-C.W.); (M.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Lin
- Bethel Psychiatric Clinic, Taipei 11074, Taiwan;
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Yin-To Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (V.C.-H.C.); (J.-C.W.); (M.-J.L.)
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (V.C.-H.C.); (J.-C.W.); (M.-J.L.)
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10686, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24257, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2324-8168
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17
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Abbruzzese C, Matteoni S, Persico M, Villani V, Paggi MG. Repurposing chlorpromazine in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: analysis of literature and forthcoming steps. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:26. [PMID: 32005270 PMCID: PMC6995164 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme is a CNS cancer characterized by diffuse infiltrative growth, aggressive clinical behavior and very poor prognosis. The state-of-art clinical approach to this disease consists of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Tumor recurrence occurs in virtually all cases, therefore, despite any treatment, the median survival is very low (14.6 months), which makes the approach to these patients a challenging clinical issue. Main body The escalating costs and times required for new medications to reach the bedside make repurposing or repositioning of old drugs, when scientific bases allow their use in other pathologies, an appealing strategy. Here, we analyze a number of literature data concerning the antipsychotic chlorpromazine, the founder of the phenothiazines class of drugs, a medication widely used in the clinics for approximately 60 years. The drug exerts its effects on psychiatric patients by interfering with the dopamine receptor D2, although more recent pharmacodynamics studies ascribe chlorpromazine a series of biological effects on cancer cells, all converging in hindering also glioblastoma survival capabilities. Short conclusions On these bases, and assisted by the information on the well-established chlorpromazine toxicity and dosage in humans, we designed a Phase II clinical trial involving the combination of chlorpromazine with the standard treatment, temozolomide, in the adjuvant phase of the therapeutic protocol. Patients displaying hypo-methylation of the MGMT gene, and thus intrinsically resistant to temozolomide, will be enrolled. The endpoints of this study are the analysis of toxicity and clinical activity, as evaluated in terms of Progression-Free Survival, of the association of chlorpromazine with the first-line treatment for this very serious form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Persico
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Matsushima Y, Terada K, Kamei C, Sugimoto Y. Sertraline inhibits nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via a mechanism involving the sigma-1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:129-135. [PMID: 30902656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluvoxamine and sertraline show a high affinity for sigma-1 receptors. Fluvoxamine enhances nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via a sigma-1 receptor-mediated mechanism, which suggests that neurogenesis may be involved in the antidepressant action of fluvoxamine. However, the effects of sertraline on neurite outgrowth remain unclear. Here, we report the effects of sertraline on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. At concentrations above 0.3 μM, sertraline inhibited neurite outgrowth induced by NGF (50 ng/mL) in PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. At 0.3-3 μM, sertraline inhibited NGF-induced neurite outgrowth; however, had no effect on cell viability. This suggests that at these concentrations, sertraline inhibits NGF-induced neurite outgrowth without causing cell toxicity. Because sertraline has a high affinity for the sigma-1 receptor, we investigated whether this receptor is involved in sertraline's inhibitory effect on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. The effect was reversed by both the sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE-084 and the sigma-1 receptor antagonist NE-100. These results suggest that sertraline inhibits NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by acting as an inverse agonist of the sigma-1 receptor in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Matsushima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; Department of Kampo and Natural Product Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matanocho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Kazuki Terada
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kamei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiohno, Himeji 670-8524, Japan.
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Gonçalves JM, Silva CAB, Rivero ERC, Cordeiro MMR. Inhibition of cancer stem cells promoted by Pimozide. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:116-125. [PMID: 30383889 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, studies have described that users of antipsychotics are less likely to develop cancer than the population in general due to cytotoxic properties of this class of drugs on cancer cells. For this reason, Pimozide has been widely studied as a potential anticancer treatment, and satisfactory results in melanoma, central nervous system tumours, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, breast, lung, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma have been showed. Moreover, advantages as clinical use approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), high clinical safety, low side effects, and reasonable price have stimulated the treatment with Pimozide instead of other agents. The action mechanism remains unclear, but three vias associated to cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis show that Pimozide: (a) blocks CSC features, as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), through inhibition of Wnt-β/catenin signalling; (b) acts as an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3 and 5), pathway which is activated and up-regulated in CSCs; (c) inhibits ubiquitine specific protease (USP1) and WD repeat-containing protein 48 (WDR48), that are proteins responsible to inhibit the differentiation and to maintain the cell in an undifferentiated state. Based on this perspective, the aim of this manuscript is to review the antineoplastic role of Pimozide during tumorigenesis and its potential to revert the process of undifferentiation and proliferation of CSC through different vias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Maria Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Riet Correa Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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20
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Jóźwiak-Bębenista M, Jasińska-Stroschein M, Kowalczyk E. Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the mechanism of neuroleptic drugs. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:1032-1039. [PMID: 30144664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-associated signaling pathway in the frontal cortical areas demonstrates abnormal activity in cases of schizophrenia. Moreover, schizophrenia patients often display alterations in the regional cellular energy metabolism and blood flow of the brain; these are shown to parallel changes in angiogenesis primarily mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHODS The present study examines the differential effects of time-dependent treatment with haloperidol, olanzapine and amisulpride (20μM) on VEGF and MAPK mRNA expression and VEGF level, using the T98 cell line as an example of nerve cells. For the purposes of comparison, the effect of neuroprotective pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on the expression of VEGF mRNA and secretion were also evaluated in this cell model. RESULTS RT-PCR analysis revealed that all the tested neuroleptics increased VEGF mRNA expression after 72-h incubation; however, only haloperidol and olanzapine also increased the level of VEGF detected by ELISA, and they demonstrated significantly stronger effects than PACAP. Haloperidol and olanzapine, but not amisulpride, decreased MAPK14 mRNA expression in T98G cells after 72-h incubation. CONCLUSION The obtained results suggest that haloperidol and olanzapine can trigger the MAPK and VEGF signaling pathway, which may contribute to their neuroprotective mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jóźwiak-Bębenista
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Interfaculty Chair of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
| | | | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Interfaculty Chair of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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21
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Ruthenium(II)-N-alkyl phenothiazine complexes as potential anticancer agents. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:689-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mi G, Wang Y, Ye E, Gao Y, Liu Q, Chen P, Zhu Y, Yang H, Yang Z. The antipsychotic drug quetiapine stimulates oligodendrocyte differentiation by modulating the cell cycle. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:242-251. [PMID: 29627379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that oligodendrocyte differentiation deficits and de-myelination occur in the brains of schizophrenic patients. Cell cycle proteins play a critical role in modulating oligodendrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In our previous studies, we found that cuprizone, a copper chelant, induces oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination, and this effect can be alleviated by using the atypical antipsychotic drug quetiapine. To explore the mechanisms of quetiapine in oligodendrocyte development, we examined the effects of quetiapine on cell cycle progression. Quetiapine promoted cell cycle exit and blocked the mitogenic effect of PDGF in cultured rat cortical oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Quetiapine accelerated OPC differentiation in vitro. Moreover, the systemic administration of quetiapine up-regulated p21 mRNA expression, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in mice. Knocking down p21 expression by RNA interference enhanced proliferation and delayed differentiation. Our results suggest that cell cycle regulation may contribute to the differentiation-promoting effect of quetiapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Mi
- Department of Outpatients, 62301 Unit of PLA, No. 19, Dongan Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China; Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yituo Wang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Enmao Ye
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yunyun Gao
- The 89 Hospital of PLA, No. 256, Beigong West Street, WeiFang City, 261021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiaowei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuyang Zhu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hongju Yang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Roney MSI, Park SK. Antipsychotic dopamine receptor antagonists, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:384-408. [PMID: 29556831 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Despite extensive studies, treating metastatic cancers remains challenging. Years of research have linked a rare set of cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) to drug resistance, leading to the suggestion that eradication of CSCs might be an effective therapeutic strategy. However, few drug candidates are active against CSCs. New drug discovery is often a lengthy process. Drug screening has been advantageous in identifying drug candidates. Current understanding of cancer biology has revealed various clues to target cancer from different points of view. Many studies have found dopamine receptors (DRs) in various cancers. Therefore, DR antagonists have attracted a lot of attention in cancer research. Recently, a group of antipsychotic DR antagonists has been demonstrated to possess remarkable abilities to restrain and sensitize CSCs to existing chemotherapeutics by a process called differentiation approach. In this review, we will describe current aspects of CSC-targeting therapeutics, antipsychotic DR antagonists, and their extraordinary abilities to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam Roney
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
- Research Driven Hospital, Korea University Guro Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Insuasty D, Robledo SM, Vélez ID, Cuervo P, Insuasty B, Quiroga J, Nogueras M, Cobo J, Abonia R. A Schmidt rearrangement-mediated synthesis of novel tetrahydro-benzo[1,4]diazepin-5-ones as potential anticancer and antiprotozoal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:567-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Iqbal U, Chang TH, Nguyen PA, Syed-Abdul S, Yang HC, Huang CW, Atique S, Yang WC, Moldovan M, Jian WS, Hsu MH, Yen Y, Li YC(J. Benzodiazepines use and breast cancer risk: A population-based study and gene expression profiling evidence. J Biomed Inform 2017; 74:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Mtiraoui H, Nsira A, Msaddek M, Renard PY, Sabot C. Regioselective synthesis of o -triazolyl-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones and o -isoxazolyl-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones via copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Kang S, Hong J, Lee JM, Moon HE, Jeon B, Choi J, Yoon NA, Paek SH, Roh EJ, Lee CJ, Kang SS. Trifluoperazine, a Well-Known Antipsychotic, Inhibits Glioblastoma Invasion by Binding to Calmodulin and Disinhibiting Calcium Release Channel IP3R. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:217-227. [PMID: 28062709 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0169-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is an important signaling process, implicated in cancer cell proliferation and motility of the deadly glioblastomas that aggressively invade neighboring brain tissue. We have previously demonstrated that caffeine blocks glioblastoma invasion and extends survival by inhibiting Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) subtype 3. Trifluoperazine (TFP) is an FDA-approved antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia. Interestingly, TFP has been recently reported to show a strong anticancer effect on lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and T-cell lymphoma. However, the possible anticancer effect of TFP on glioblastoma has not been tested. Here, we report that TFP potently suppresses proliferation, motility, and invasion of glioblastoma cells in vitro, and tumor growth in in vivo xenograft mouse model. Unlike caffeine, TFP triggers massive and irreversible release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores by IP3R subtype 1 and 2 by directly interacting at the TFP-binding site of a Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin subtype 2 (CaM2). TFP binding to CaM2 causes a dissociation of CaM2 from IP3R and subsequent opening of IP3R. Compared with the control neural stem cells, various glioblastoma cell lines showed enhanced expression of CaM2 and thus enhanced sensitivity to TFP. On the basis of these findings, we propose TFP as a potential therapeutic drug for glioblastoma by aberrantly and irreversibly increasing Ca2+ in glioblastoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 217-27. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Moo Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Borami Jeon
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nal Ae Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Chen J, Dou Y, Zheng X, Leng T, Lu X, Ouyang Y, Sun H, Xing F, Mai J, Gu J, Lu B, Yan G, Lin J, Zhu W. TRPM7 channel inhibition mediates midazolam-induced proliferation loss in human malignant glioma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14721-14731. [PMID: 27629139 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The melastatin-like transient receptor potential 7 (TRPM7) has been implicated in proliferation or apoptosis of some cancers, indicating the potential of TRPM7 as an anti-anaplastic target. Here, we identified the characteristic TRPM7 channel currents in human malignant glioma MGR2 cells, which could be blocked by a pharmacologic inhibitor Gd3+. We mined the clinical sample data from Oncomine Database and found that human malignant glioma tissues expressed higher TRPM7 mRNA than normal brain ones. Importantly, we identified a widely used clinical anesthetic midazolam as a TRPM7 inhibitor. Midazolam treatment for seconds suppressed the TRPM7 currents and calcium influx, and treatment for 48 h inhibited the TRPM7 expression. The inhibitory effect on TRPM7 accounts for the proliferation loss and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest induced by midazolam. Our data demonstrates that midazolam represses proliferation of human malignant glioma cells through inhibiting TRPM7 currents, which may be further potentiated by suppressing the expression of TRPM7. Our result indicates midazolam as a pharmacologic lead compound with brain-blood barrier permeability for targeting TRPM7 in the glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunling Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiandong Leng
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8480, USA.
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Otreba M, Wrześniok D, Beberok A, Rok J, Buszman E. Melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in normal human melanocytes cultured in the presence of chlorpromazine. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:221-7. [PMID: 25449126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders and belongs to phenothiazine class of neuroleptic drugs. It shows severe side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms as well as ocular and skin disorders, but the mechanism is still not fully established. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of chlorpromazine on cell viability, melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in normal human melanocytes. It has been demonstrated that chlorpromazine induces concentration dependent loss in cell viability. The value of EC(50) was calculated to be 2.53 μM. Chlorpromazine in lower concentrations (0.0001, 0.001 and 0.01 μM) increased the melanin and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) content and tyrosinase activity, while changes of antioxidant enzymes activity were not observed. It suggests that long-term chlorpromazine therapy, even with low drug doses, may lead to hyperpigmentation disorders in skin and/or eye. The use of the analyzed drug in higher concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 μM) caused significant alterations of antioxidant enzymes activity in normal melanocytes, what may explain a potential role of chlorpromazine in the depletion of cellular antioxidant status leading to other adverse effects associated with the high-dose and/or long-term therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otreba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, PL 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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30
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Wu L, Liu YY, Li ZX, Zhao Q, Wang X, Yu Y, Wang YY, Wang YQ, Luo F. Anti-tumor effects of penfluridol through dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:489-94. [PMID: 24528079 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric patients appear to be at lower risk of cancer. Some antipsychotic drugs might have inhibitory effects on tumor growth, including penfluridol, a strong agent. To test this, we conducted a study to determine whether penfluridol exerts cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and, if so, to explore its anti-tumor mechanisms. METHODS Growth inhibition of mouse cancer cell lines by penfluridol was determined using the 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxic activity was determined by clonogenic cell survival and trypan blue assays. Animal tumor models of these cancer cells were established and to evaluate penfluridol for its anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Unesterified cholesterol in cancer cells was examined by filipin staining. Serum total cholesterol and tumor total cholesterol were detected using the cholesterol oxidase/p- aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method. RESULTS Penfluridol inhibited the proliferation of B16 melanoma (B16/ F10), LL/2 lung carcinoma (LL/2), CT26 colon carcinoma (CT26) and 4T1 breast cancer (4T1) cells in vitro. In vivo penfluridol was particularly effective at inhibiting LL/2 lung tumor growth, and obviously prolonged the survival time of mice bearing LL/2 lung tumors implanted subcutaneously. Accumulated unesterified cholesterol was found in all of the cancer cells treated with penfluridol, and this effect was most evident in LL/2, 4T1 and CT26 cells. No significant difference in serum cholesterol levels was found between the normal saline-treated mice and the penfluridol-treated mice. However, a dose-dependent decrease of total cholesterol in tumor tissues was observed in penfluridol-treated mice, which was most evident in B16/F10-, LL/2-, and 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that penfluridol is not only cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro but can also inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis by penfluridol may be involved in its anti-tumor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail :
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31
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Abstract
We review topics pertinent to the perioperative care of patients with neurological disorders. Our review addresses topics not only in the anesthesiology literature, but also in basic neurosciences, critical care medicine, neurology, neurosurgery, radiology, and internal medicine literature. We include literature published or available online up through December 8, 2013. As our review is not able to include all manuscripts, we focus on recurring themes and unique and pivotal investigations. We address the broad topics of general neuroanesthesia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, anesthetic neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, pharmacology, physiology, and nervous system monitoring.
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32
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Elmorsy E, Elzalabany LM, Elsheikha HM, Smith PA. Adverse effects of antipsychotics on micro-vascular endothelial cells of the human blood-brain barrier. Brain Res 2014; 1583:255-68. [PMID: 25139421 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of action of antipsychotics (APs) on neuronal function are well understood, very little is known about their effects on cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB); one function of which is to limit the access of these amphiphilic compounds to the central nervous system. To address this question we have investigated the cytological and functional effects of four APs: chlorpromazine (CLP), haloperidol (HAL), risperidone (RIS) and clozapine (CLZ), at concentrations typical of high therapeutic dosage on a human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) model of the BBB. At ~10 µM all four APs impaired the ability of HBMECs to reduce MTT which was followed by decreased Trypan blue exclusion and increased Lactate dehydrogenase release. These effects were associated with oxidative stress which was partly reversed by incubation in 10mM glutathione. At their EC50 concentrations for MTT reduction, all four APs disrupted cellular ultrastructure and morphology. HAL, CPZ and CLZ increased Caspase -3, -8 and -9 activity, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, data indicative of apoptosis. These events were associated with decreased transcytosis of Evans blue and increased transendothelial potential difference and electrical resistance of this BBB model. These findings suggest that at high therapeutic concentrations, CPZ and CLZ are likely to incur cytoxic effects and apoptosis of BBB endothelia with an impairment of barrier functionality. Such events may underlie the aetiology of neuroleptic associated cerebral oedema and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottinghamshire NG7 2UH, UK; Departments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Laila M Elzalabany
- Departments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paul A Smith
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottinghamshire NG7 2UH, UK.
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Evaluation of the in vitro cytogenotoxicity profile of antipsychotic drug haloperidol using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:316-324. [PMID: 25036041 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Haloperidol (HLP) is a potent antipsychotic drug that is commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders but has a tendency to cause adverse effects. In the present study, the cyto/genotoxic potential of clinically relevant concentrations of HLP was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) as sensitive biomarkers of exposure. HLP was administered as HLP hydrochloride in the final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/ml for 4 and 24 h period. Cytotoxicity was determined using differential staining of HPBLs with acridine orange and ethidium bromide while chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assays were applied to estimate the chromosomal and DNA damage after the treatment. The results of the present study indicate that HLP is capable of inducing cyto/genotoxicity in tested cells. Present study has also confirmed the need for further cytogenetic research and regular patient monitoring to minimize the risk of any possible adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zong D, Zielinska-Chomej K, Juntti T, Mörk B, Lewensohn R, Hååg P, Viktorsson K. Harnessing the lysosome-dependent antitumor activity of phenothiazines in human small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1111. [PMID: 24625970 PMCID: PMC3973193 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phenothiazines are a family of heterocyclic compounds whose clinical utility includes treatment of psychiatric disorders as well as chemotherapy-induced emesis. Various studies have demonstrated that these compounds possess cytotoxic activities in tumor cell lines of different origin. However, there is considerable confusion regarding the molecular basis of phenothiazine-induced cell death. Lung cancer (LC) remains one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies worldwide despite considerable efforts in the development of treatment strategies, especially new targeted therapies. In this work, we evaluated the potential utility of phenothiazines in human LC. We show that phenothiazines as single treatment decreased cell viability and induced cell death preferentially in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) over non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. Sensitivity to phenothiazines was not correlated with induction of apoptosis but due to phenothiazine-induced lysosomal dysfunction. Interestingly, the higher susceptibility of SCLC cells to phenothiazine-induced cell death correlated with an intrinsically lower buffer capacity in response to disruption of lysosomal homeostasis. Importantly, this effect in SCLC occurred despite mutation in p53 and was not influenced by intrinsic sensitivity/resistance toward conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Our data thus uncovered a novel context-dependent activity of phenothiazines in SCLC and suggest that phenothiazines could be considered as a treatment regimen of this disease, however, extended cell line analyses as well as in vivo studies are needed to make such conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zong
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Zielinska-Chomej
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Juntti
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Mörk
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Hååg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Guandalini L, Balliu M, Cellai C, Martino M, Nebbioso A, Mercurio C, Carafa V, Bartolucci G, Dei S, Manetti D, Teodori E, Scapecchi S, Altucci L, Paoletti F, Romanelli M. Design, synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a series of histone deacetylase inhibitors carrying a benzodiazepine ring. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Shin SY, Lee KS, Choi YK, Lim HJ, Lee HG, Lim Y, Lee YH. The antipsychotic agent chlorpromazine induces autophagic cell death by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway in human U-87MG glioma cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2080-9. [PMID: 23689352 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Chloro-10-[3(-dimethylamino)propyl]phenothiazine mono hydrochloride (chlorpromazine; CPZ) is an antipsychotic agent that was originally developed to control psychotic disorders. The cytotoxic properties of the CPZ are well known, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis and autophagy in CPZ-induced cytotoxicity in U-87MG glioma cells. CPZ treatment inhibited cell proliferation and long-term clonogenic survival. Additionally, CPZ triggered autophagy, as indicated by electron microscopy and accumulation of the membrane form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II); however, CPZ did not induce apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy by expression of Beclin 1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in U-87MG cells attenuated CPZ-induced LC3-II formation. Furthermore, U-87MG cells expressing Beclin 1 siRNA attenuated CPZ-induced cell death. CPZ inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/ mTOR pathway in U-87MG cells. Treatment with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, alone increased the accumulation of LC3-II and potentiated the effect of CPZ. In contrast, exogenous expression of AKT partially inhibited CPZ-induced LC3-II formation. When U-87MG cells were implanted into the brain of athymic nude mouse, CPZ triggered autophagy and inhibited xenograft tumor growth. These results provided the first evidence that CPZ-induced cytotoxicity is mediated through autophagic cell death in PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10)-null U-87MG glioma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Research Center for Transcription Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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38
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Kim SH, Lee HY, Yi H, Ahn YM, Kim YS. Haloperidol induces demethylation and expression of the dual specificity phosphatase 6 gene in MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. Life Sci 2012; 91:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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39
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Eom CS, Park SM, Cho KH. Use of antidepressants and the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:635-45. [PMID: 23139055 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to examine the association between the use of antidepressants (AD) and the risk of breast cancer. We searched the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception through February 25, 2012, using search terms related to ADs and breast cancer. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles and extracted data based on predetermined selection criteria. Pooled effect estimates were obtained by using random- and fixed effects meta-analyses. Of the 3,209 titles identified, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. The overall risk of breast cancer did not increase among AD users [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.02; 95 % CI 0.96-1.08]. Those who took tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were not at increased risks of breast cancer. In subgroup meta-analyses, null associations were consistent across the type of AD, funding sources, the number of adjusted variables, medication dose, the ascertainment of exposure, and methodological quality. In subgroup analyses based on exposure duration, a marginal association was observed for the use of SSRIs < 1-2 years (aOR 1.10; 95 % CI 1.02-1.19). However, this effect was attenuated over time and those using SSRIs for more than 1-2 years had no elevated breast cancer risk. These results support the lack of a clinically meaningful association between AD use and the development of breast cancer and provide considerable reassurance. Given that the data collected to date do not support changing the current prescribing patterns for ADs, the important benefits of AD therapy must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sick Eom
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Fond G, Macgregor A, Attal J, Larue A, Brittner M, Ducasse D, Capdevielle D. Antipsychotic drugs: pro-cancer or anti-cancer? A systematic review. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:38-42. [PMID: 22543071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Important data was recently published on the potential genotoxic or carcinogenic effects of antipsychotics, as well as on their cytotoxic properties on cancer cells, that must be considered by psychiatrists in the benefit/risk ratio of their prescriptions. AIM OF THE STUDY To answer whether or not antipsychotics, as a class or only some specific molecules, may influence cancer risk among treated patients. METHODS ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All studies (in vitro, animal studies and human studies) concerning effects of antipsychotic drugs on cancer development were included. The search paradigm [neoplasms AND (antipsychotic agents OR neuroleptic OR phenothiazine)] was applied to Medline (1966-present) and Web of Science (1975-present). RESULTS Ninety-three studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results can be summarized as follows: (1) patients with schizophrenia may be less likely to develop cancer than the general population, (2) antipsychotics as a class cannot be considered at the moment as at risk for cancer, even if some antipsychotics have shown carcinogenic properties among rodents, (3) phenothiazines seem to have antiproliferative properties that may be useful in multidrug augmentation strategies in various cancer treatments, but their bad tolerance may decrease usage amongst non-psychotic patients, and (4) clozapine appears to have a separate status given that this molecule shows antiproliferative effects implied in agranulocytosis as well as a potential increased risk for leukemia. CONCLUSION Benefit/risk ratio regarding cancer risk is in favor of treating patients with schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs. The practicing clinician should be reassuring on the subject of cancer risk due to antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fond
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France.
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Zheng X, Diao L, Ekins S, Polli JE. Why we should be vigilant: drug cytotoxicity observed with in vitro transporter inhibition studies. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1087-92. [PMID: 20599790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
From routine in vitro drug-transporter inhibition assays, observed inhibition is typically assumed from direct interaction with the transporter. Other mechanisms that possibly reduce substrate uptake are not frequently fully examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of transporter inhibition with drug cytotoxicity. From a pool of drugs that were identified as known ASBT or OCTN2 inhibitors, 21 drugs were selected to screen inhibitory potency of their prototypical substrate and cytotoxicity against three human sodium-dependent solute carrier (SLC) transporters: apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), organic cation/carnitine transporter (OCTN2), and the excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) in stable cell lines. Twenty drugs showed apparent inhibition in OCTN2-MDCK and ASBT-MDCK. Four dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers were cytotoxic to MDCK cells, and the observed cytotoxicity of three of them accounted for their apparent OCTN2 inhibition, and consequently were classified as non-OCTN2 inhibitors. Meanwhile, since their cytotoxicity only moderately contributed to ASBT inhibition, these three were still considered ASBT inhibitors. Four other drugs showed apparent inhibition in EAAT4-HEK cells, and cytotoxicity of three drugs corresponded with their inhibition of this transporter. Therefore, cytotoxicity significantly affected EAAT4 observations. Results showed the potential of cytotoxicity as a mechanism that can account for apparent in vitro transporter inhibition. Drug cytotoxicity varied in different cell lines, which could increase false positives for pharmacophore development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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Shin SY, Kim CG, Kim SH, Kim YS, Lim Y, Lee YH. Chlorpromazine activates p21Waf1/Cip1gene transcription via early growth response-1 (Egr-1) in C6 glioma cells. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:395-405. [DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.5.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 143-729, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Research Center for Transcription Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Chang Gun Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 143-729, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Research Center for Transcription Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 143-729, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Research Center for Transcription Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Wiklund ED, Catts VS, Catts SV, Ng TF, Whitaker NJ, Brown AJ, Lutze-Mann LH. Cytotoxic effects of antipsychotic drugs implicate cholesterol homeostasis as a novel chemotherapeutic target. Int J Cancer 2009; 126:28-40. [PMID: 19662652 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The reported reduction in cancer risk in those suffering from schizophrenia may be because antipsychotic medications have antineoplastic effects. In this study, 6 antipsychotic agents with a range of structural and pharmacological properties (reserpine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, pimozide, risperidone and olanzapine), were screened for their effect on the viability of cell lines derived from lymphoblastoma, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and breast adenocarcinoma. We aimed to determine if antipsychotic drugs in general possess cancer-specific cytotoxic potential, and whether it can be attributed to a common mode of action. With the exception of risperidone, all drugs tested displayed selective inhibition of the viability of cancer cell lines compared with normal cells. Using Affymetrix expression microarrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we found that for the antipsychotic drugs, olanzapine and pimozide, cytotoxicity appeared to be mediated via effects on cholesterol homeostasis. The role of cholesterol metabolism in the selective cytotoxicity of these drugs was supported by demonstration of their increased lethality when coadministered with a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, mevastatin. Also, pimozide and olanzapine showed accelerating cytotoxic effects from 12 to 48 hr in time course studies, mirroring the time-dependent onset of cytotoxicity induced by the amphiphile, U18666A. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the Class II cationic amphiphilic properties of antipsychotic drugs contribute to their cytotoxic effects by acting on cholesterol homeostasis and altering the biophysical properties of cellular membranes, and that drugs affecting membrane-related cholesterol pathways warrant further investigation as potential augmentors of standard cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Wiklund
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine enhances the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen in tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:723-35. [PMID: 19584708 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32832ec041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance is a major clinical problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast tumors. It is, at present, unclear what exactly causes tamoxifen resistance. For decades, chlorpromazine has been used for treating psychotic diseases, such as schizophrenia. However, the compound is now also recognized as a multitargeting drug with diverse potential applications, for example, it has antiproliferative properties and it can reverse resistance toward antibiotics in bacteria. Furthermore, chlorpromazine can reverse multidrug resistance caused by overexpression of P-glycoprotein in cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated the effect of chlorpromazine on tamoxifen response of human breast cancer cells. We found that chlorpromazine worked synergistically together with tamoxifen with respect to reduction of cell growth and metabolic activity, both in the antiestrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and in a tamoxifen-resistant cell line, established from the MCF-7 cells. Tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant cells were killed equally well by combined treatment with chlorpromazine and tamoxifen. This synergistic effect could be prevented by addition of estrogen, suggesting that chlorpromazine enhances the effect of tamoxifen through an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism. To investigate this putative mechanism, we applied biophysical techniques to simple model membranes in the form of unilamellar liposomes of well-defined composition and found that chlorpromazine interacts strongly with lipid bilayers of different composition leading to increased permeability. This implies that chlorpromazine can change influx properties of membranes hence suggesting that chlorpromazine may be a promising chemosensitizing compound for enhancing the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen.
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Shah N, Kataria H, Kaul SC, Ishii T, Kaur G, Wadhwa R. Effect of the alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves and its components on proliferation, migration, and differentiation of glioblastoma cells: combinational approach for enhanced differentiation. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1740-7. [PMID: 19575749 PMCID: PMC11159946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is widely used in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda. Although it is claimed to have a large variety of health-promoting effects, including therapeutic effects on stress and disease, the mechanisms of action have not yet been determined. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the growth inhibition and differentiation potential of the alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves (i-Extract), its different constituents (Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide A) and their combinations on glioma (C6 and YKG1) cell lines. Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide A and i-Extract markedly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner and changed their morphology toward the astrocytic type. Molecular analysis revealed that the i-Extract and some of its components caused enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, change in the immunostaining pattern of mortalin from perinuclear to pancytoplasmic, delay in cell migration, and increased expression of neuronal cell adhesion molecules. The data suggest that the i-Extract and its components have the potential to induce senescence-like growth arrest and differentiation in glioma cells. These assays led us to formulate a unique combination formula of i-Extract components that caused enhanced differentiation of glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Shah
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, University if Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tran E, Rouillon F, Loze JY, Casadebaig F, Philippe A, Vitry F, Limosin F. Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Cancer 2009; 115:3555-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pastor N, Kaplan C, Domínguez I, Mateos S, Cortés F. Cytotoxicity and mitotic alterations induced by non-genotoxic lithium salts in CHO cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:432-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Design, synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of new hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential antileukemic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5071-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Eisenberg S, Giehl K, Henis YI, Ehrlich M. Differential interference of chlorpromazine with the membrane interactions of oncogenic K-Ras and its effects on cell growth. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:27279-88. [PMID: 18693247 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804589200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane anchorage of Ras proteins is important for their signaling and oncogenic potential. K-Ras4B (K-Ras), the Ras isoform most often mutated in human cancers, is the only Ras isoform where a polybasic motif contributes essential electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged cytoplasmic leaflet. Here we studied the effects of the cationic amphiphilic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the membrane association of oncogenic K-Ras(G12V), cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Combining live cell microscopy, FRAP beam size analysis, and cell fractionation studies, we show that CPZ reduces the association of GFP-K-Ras(G12V) with the plasma membrane and increases its exchange between plasma membrane and cytoplasmic pools. These effects appear to depend on electrostatic interactions because the membrane association of another related protein that has a membrane-interacting polybasic cluster (Rac1(G12V)) was also affected, whereas that of H-Ras was not. The weakened association with the plasma membrane led to a higher fraction of GFP-K-Ras(G12V) in the cytoplasm and in internal membranes, accompanied by either cell cycle arrest (PANC-1 cells) or apoptosis (Rat-1 fibroblasts), the latter being in correlation with the targeting of K-Ras(G12V) to mitochondria. In accord with these results, CPZ compromised the transformed phenotype of PANC-1 cells, as indicated by inhibition of cell migration and growth in soft agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Eisenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Taler M, Bar M, Korob I, Lomnitski L, Baharav E, Grunbaum-Novak N, Weizman A, Gil-Ad I. Evidence for an inhibitory immunomodulatory effect of selected antidepressants on rat splenocytes: possible relevance to depression and hyperactive-immune disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:526-33. [PMID: 18328443 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants have been found to possess antiproliferative effect. In the immune system depression may activate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the immunomodulatory activity of antidepressants in naïve rat. Rat splenocytes were activated with con A and treated with paroxetine, sertraline or clomipramine ex vivo. We found that the antidepressants inhibit cell viability and proliferation at IC50 of 5-8 microM of mitogen-stimulated rat splenocytes. This inhibitory effect was accompanied by cell cycle arrest and increase in apoptotic events as assayed by FACS. Moreover, antidepressants decrease the secretion of the TH1 factor--TNFalpha. In addition, the antidepressants reduced the expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase2 which is involved in inflammation. On the cellular level we show the up-regulation of MAPK death signaling pathway and suppression of the anti-apoptotic factor--Bcl-2. These findings reveal the immunomodulatory effect of the selected antidepressants. These data suggest a novel use of antidepressants or their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Taler
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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