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D M Campos C, Uning KT, Barmuta P, Markovic T, Yadav R, Mangraviti G, Ocket I, Van Roy W, Lagae L, Liu C. Use of high frequency electrorotation to identify cytoplasmic changes in cells non-disruptively. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:39. [PMID: 37801137 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate how the use of frequencies ranging from 50 kHz to 5 GHz in the analysis of cells by electrorotation can open the path to the identification of differences not detectable by conventional set-ups. Earlier works usually reported electrorotation devices operating below 20 MHz, limiting the response obtained to properties associated with the cell membrane. Those devices are thus unable to resolve the physiological properties in the cytoplasm. We used microwave-based technology to extend the frequency operation to 5 GHz. At high frequencies (from tens of MHz to GHz), the electromagnetic signal passes through the membrane and allows probing the cytoplasm. This enables several applications, such as cell classification, and viability analysis. Additionally, the use of conventional microfabrication techniques reduces the cost and complexity of analysis, compared to other non-invasive methods. We demonstrated the potential of this set-up by identifying two different populations of T-lymphocytes not distinguishable through visual assessment. We also assessed the effect of calcein on cell cytoplasmic properties and used it as a controlled experiment to demonstrate the possibility of this method to detect changes happening predominantly in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila D M Campos
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kevin T Uning
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Barmuta
- Department Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomislav Markovic
- Department Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Unska 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rahul Yadav
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- imec OnePlanet Research Center, Bronland 10, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ilja Ocket
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Liesbet Lagae
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Department Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Habibi S, Joshi PU, Mi X, Heldt CL, Minerick AR. Changes in Membrane Dielectric Properties of Porcine Kidney Cells Provide Insight into the Antiviral Activity of Glycine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8344-8356. [PMID: 32614601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to monitor the status and progression of viral infections is important for development and screening of new antiviral drugs. Previous research illustrated that the osmolyte glycine (Gly) reduced porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection in porcine kidney (PK-13) cells by stabilizing the capsid protein and preventing virus capsid assembly into viable virus particles. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) was examined herein as a noninvasive, electric field- and frequency-dependent tool for real-time monitoring of PK-13 cell responses to obtain information about membrane barrier functionality and polarization. DEP responses of PK-13 cells were compared to those of PPV-infected cells in the absence and presence of the osmolyte glycine. With infection progression, PK-13 DEP spectra shifted toward lower frequencies, reducing crossover frequencies (fCO). The spherical single-shell model was used to extract PK-13 cell dielectric properties. Upon PPV infection, specific membrane capacitance increased over the time progression of virus attachment, penetration, and capsid protein production and assembly. Following glycine treatment, the DEP spectra displayed attenuated fCO and specific membrane capacitance values shifted back toward uninfected PK-13 cell values. These results suggest that DEP can be used to noninvasively monitor the viral infection cycle and screen antiviral compounds. DEP can augment traditional tools by elucidating membrane polarization changes related to drug mechanisms that interrupt the virus infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Pratik U Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Xue Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Caryn L Heldt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Adrienne R Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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3
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Chen Q, Yuan YJ. A review of polystyrene bead manipulation by dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4963-4981. [PMID: 35514668 PMCID: PMC9060650 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploitation of the intrinsic electrical properties of particles has recently emerged as an appealing approach for trapping and separating various scaled particles. Initiative particle manipulation by dielectrophoresis (DEP) showed remarkable advantages including high speed, ease of handling, high precision and being label-free. Herein, we provide a general overview of the manipulation of polystyrene (PS) beads and related particles via DEP; especially, the wide applications of these manipulated PS beads in the quantitative evaluation of device performance for model validation and standardization have been discussed. The motion and polarizability of the PS beads induced by DEP were analyzed and classified into two categories as positive and negative DEP within the time and space domains. The DEP techniques used for bioparticle manipulation were demonstrated, and their applications were conducted in four fields: trapping of single-sized PS beads, separation of multiple-sized PS beads by size, separation of PS beads and non-bioparticles, and separation of PS beads and bioparticles. Finally, future perspectives on DEP-on-a-chip have been proposed to discriminate bio-targets in the network of microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Chen
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Yong J Yuan
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
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Wang K, Chang CC, Chiu TK, Zhao X, Chen D, Chou WP, Zhao Y, Wang HM, Wang J, Wu MH, Chen J. Membrane capacitance of thousands of single white blood cells. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0717. [PMID: 29212758 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As label-free biomarkers, the electrical properties of single cells are widely used for cell type classification and cellular status evaluation. However, as intrinsic cellular electrical markers, previously reported membrane capacitances (e.g. specific membrane capacitance Cspec and total membrane capacitance Cmem) of white blood cells were derived from tens of single cells, lacking statistical significance due to low cell numbers. In this study, white blood cells were first separated into granulocytes and lymphocytes by density gradient centrifugation and were then aspirated through a microfluidic constriction channel to characterize both Cspec and Cmem Thousands of granulocytes (ncell = 3327) and lymphocytes (ncell = 3302) from 10 healthy blood donors were characterized, resulting in Cspec values of 1.95 ± 0.22 µF cm-2 versus 2.39 ± 0.39 µF cm-2 and Cmem values of 6.81 ± 1.09 pF versus 4.63 ± 0.57 pF. Statistically significant differences between granulocytes and lymphocytes were located for both Cspec and Cmem In addition, neural network-based pattern recognition was used to classify white blood cells, producing successful classification rates of 78.1% for Cspec and 91.3% for Cmem, respectively. These results indicate that as intrinsic bioelectrical markers, membrane capacitances may contribute to the classification of white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chieh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Keng Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Pin Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China .,Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Petiot E, Ansorge S, Rosa-Calatrava M, Kamen A. Critical phases of viral production processes monitored by capacitance. J Biotechnol 2016; 242:19-29. [PMID: 27867077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade industrial manufacturing of viral vaccines and viral vectors for prophylactic and therapeutic applications is experiencing a remarkable growth. Currently, the quality attributes of viral derived products are assessed only at the end-point of the production process, essentially because in-process monitoring tools are not available or not implemented at industrial scale. However, to demonstrate process reproducibility and robustness, manufacturers are strongly advised by regulatory agencies to adopt more on-line process monitoring and control. Dielectric spectroscopy has been successfully used as an excellent indicator of the cell culture state in mammalian and yeast cell systems. We previously reported the use of this technique for monitoring influenza and lentiviral productions in HEK293 cell cultures. For both viruses, multi-frequency capacitance measurements allowed not only the on-line monitoring of the production kinetics, but also the identification of the viral release time from the cells. The present study demonstrates that the same approach can be successfully exploited for the on-line monitoring of different enveloped and non-enveloped virus production kinetics in cell culture processes. The on-line monitoring multi-frequency capacitance method was assessed in human HEK293 and Sf9 insect cells expression systems, with viral productions initiated by either infection or transfection. The comparative analyses of all the data acquired indicate that the characteristic capacitance signals were highly correlated with the occurrence of viral replication phases. Furthermore the evolution of the cell dielectric properties (intracellular conductivity and membrane capacitance) were indicative of each main replication steps. In conclusion, multi-frequency capacitance has a great potential for on-line monitoring, supervision and control of viral vector production in cell culture processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Petiot
- NRC, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada; Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, International Center for Infectious diseases Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Lyon, France.
| | - Sven Ansorge
- NRC, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, International Center for Infectious diseases Research, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Lyon, France.
| | - Amine Kamen
- NRC, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada; McGill University, Bioengineering Dpt. 817, Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H2 B 2C6, Canada.
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Lannin T, Su WW, Gruber C, Cardle I, Huang C, Thege F, Kirby B. Automated electrorotation shows electrokinetic separation of pancreatic cancer cells is robust to acquired chemotherapy resistance, serum starvation, and EMT. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064109. [PMID: 27990211 PMCID: PMC5135715 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We used automated electrorotation to measure the cytoplasmic permittivity, cytoplasmic conductivity, and specific membrane capacitance of pancreatic cancer cells under environmental perturbation to evaluate the effects of serum starvation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and evolution of chemotherapy resistance which may be associated with the development and dissemination of cancer. First, we compared gemcitabine-resistant BxPC3 subclones with gemcitabine-naive parental cells. Second, we serum-starved BxPC3 and PANC-1 cells and compared them to untreated counterparts. Third, we induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PANC-1 cells and compared them to untreated PANC-1 cells. We also measured the electrorotation spectra of white blood cells isolated from a healthy donor. The properties from fit electrorotation spectra were used to compute dielectrophoresis (DEP) spectra and crossover frequencies. For all three experiments, the median crossover frequency for both treated and untreated pancreatic cancer cells remained significantly lower than the median crossover frequency for white blood cells. The robustness of the crossover frequency to these treatments indicates that DEP is a promising technique for enhancing capture of circulating cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lannin
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Wey-Wey Su
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Conor Gruber
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ian Cardle
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Fredrik Thege
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Multiple Roles of the Cytoplasmic Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Envelope Glycoprotein D in Infected Cells. J Virol 2016; 90:10170-10181. [PMID: 27581980 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01396-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) envelope glycoprotein D (gD) plays an essential role in viral entry. The functional regions of gD responsible for viral entry have been mapped to its extracellular domain, whereas the gD cytoplasmic domain plays no obvious role in viral entry. Thus far, the role(s) of the gD cytoplasmic domain in HSV-1 replication has remained to be elucidated. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of gD induces microvillus-like tubular structures at the plasma membrane which resemble the reported projection structures of the plasma membrane induced in HSV-1-infected cells. Mutations in the arginine cluster (residues 365 to 367) in the gD cytoplasmic domain greatly reduced gD-induced plasma membrane remodeling. In agreement with this, the mutations in the arginine cluster in the gD cytoplasmic domain reduced the number of microvillus-like tubular structures at the plasma membrane in HSV-1-infected cells. In addition, the mutations produced an accumulation of unenveloped nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm and reduced viral replication and cell-cell spread. These results suggest that the arginine cluster in the gD cytoplasmic domain is required for the efficient induction of plasma membrane projections and viral final envelopment, and these functions of the gD domain may lead to efficient viral replication and cell-cell spread. IMPORTANCE The cytoplasmic domain of HSV-1 gD, an envelope glycoprotein essential for viral entry, was reported to promote viral replication and cell-cell spread, but the role(s) of the domain during HSV-1 infection has remained unknown. In this study, we clarify two functions of the arginine cluster in the HSV-1 gD cytoplasmic domain, both of which require host cell membrane remodeling, i.e., the formation of microvillus-like projections at the plasma membrane and viral final envelopment in HSV-1-infected cells. We also show that the gD arginine cluster is required for efficient HSV-1 replication and cell-cell spread. This is the first report clarifying not only the functions of the gD cytoplasmic domain but also identifying the gD arginine cluster to be the HSV-1 factor responsible for the induction of plasma membrane projections in HSV-1-infected cells. Our results elucidate some of the functions of this multifunctional envelope glycoprotein during HSV-1 infection.
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Safavieh M, Khetani S, Juillard F, Kaul V, Kanakasabapathy MK, Kaye KM, Shafiee H. Electrical response of a B lymphoma cell line latently infected with Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:230-236. [PMID: 26851580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Certain viruses, such as herpesviruses, are capable of persistent and latent infection of host cells. Distinguishing and separating live, latently infected cells from uninfected cells is not easily attainable using current approaches. The ability to perform such separation would greatly enhance the ability to study primary, infected cells and potentially enable elimination of latently infected cells from the host. Here, the dielectrophoretic response of B cells infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) were investigated and compared to uninfected B cells. We evaluated the effect of applied voltage, signal frequency, and flow rate of the sample on the cell capture efficiency. We achieved 37.1% ± 8.5% difference in capture efficiencies between latently KSHV-infected and uninfected BJAB B lymphoma cells at the chip operational conditions of 1V, 50 kHz and 0.02 μl/min sample flow rate. Our results show that latently infected B lymphoma cells demonstrated significantly different electrical response compared to uninfected B cells and DEP-based microchips can be potentially used for sorting latently infected cells based on their electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Safavieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sultan Khetani
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franceline Juillard
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivasvat Kaul
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Kanakasabapathy
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kaye
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gascoyne PRC, Shim S. Isolation of circulating tumor cells by dielectrophoresis. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:545-79. [PMID: 24662940 PMCID: PMC3980488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrokinetic method that allows intrinsic dielectric properties of suspended cells to be exploited for discrimination and separation. It has emerged as a promising method for isolating circulation tumor cells (CTCs) from blood. DEP-isolation of CTCs is independent of cell surface markers. Furthermore, isolated CTCs are viable and can be maintained in culture, suggesting that DEP methods should be more generally applicable than antibody-based approaches. The aim of this article is to review and synthesize for both oncologists and biomedical engineers interested in CTC isolation the pertinent characteristics of DEP and CTCs. The aim is to promote an understanding of the factors involved in realizing DEP-based instruments having both sufficient discrimination and throughput to allow routine analysis of CTCs in clinical practice. The article brings together: (a) the principles of DEP; (b) the biological basis for the dielectric differences between CTCs and blood cells; (c) why such differences are expected to be present for all types of tumors; and (d) instrumentation requirements to process 10 mL blood specimens in less than 1 h to enable routine clinical analysis. The force equilibrium method of dielectrophoretic field-flow fractionation (DEP-FFF) is shown to offer higher discrimination and throughput than earlier DEP trapping methods and to be applicable to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R C Gascoyne
- Department of Imaging Physics Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Unit 951, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sangjo Shim
- Department of Imaging Physics Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Unit 951, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Yafouz B, Kadri NA, Ibrahim F. Microarray dot electrodes utilizing dielectrophoresis for cell characterization. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:9029-46. [PMID: 23857266 PMCID: PMC3758635 DOI: 10.3390/s130709029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades; dielectrophoresis (DEP) has become a vital tool for cell manipulation and characterization due to its non-invasiveness. It is very useful in the trend towards point-of-care systems. Currently, most efforts are focused on using DEP in biomedical applications, such as the spatial manipulation of cells, the selective separation or enrichment of target cells, high-throughput molecular screening, biosensors and immunoassays. A significant amount of research on DEP has produced a wide range of microelectrode configurations. In this paper; we describe the microarray dot electrode, a promising electrode geometry to characterize and manipulate cells via DEP. The advantages offered by this type of microelectrode are also reviewed. The protocol for fabricating planar microelectrodes using photolithography is documented to demonstrate the fast and cost-effective fabrication process. Additionally; different state-of-the-art Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices that have been proposed for DEP applications in the literature are reviewed. We also present our recently designed LOC device, which uses an improved microarray dot electrode configuration to address the challenges facing other devices. This type of LOC system has the capability to boost the implementation of DEP technology in practical settings such as clinical cell sorting, infection diagnosis, and enrichment of particle populations for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Yafouz
- Medical Informatics and Biological Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MIMEMS) Specialized Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (B.Y.); (F.I.)
| | - Nahrizul Adib Kadri
- Medical Informatics and Biological Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MIMEMS) Specialized Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (B.Y.); (F.I.)
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Medical Informatics and Biological Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MIMEMS) Specialized Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (B.Y.); (F.I.)
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Changes of cell electrical parameters induced by electroporation. A dielectrophoresis study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:365-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Emma P, Kamen A. Real-time monitoring of influenza virus production kinetics in HEK293 cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 29:275-84. [PMID: 22848016 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased interest from the vaccine industry to use mammalian cell cultures for influenza vaccine manufacturing. Therefore, it became important to study the influenza infection mechanism, the viral-host interaction, and the replication kinetics from a bioprocessing stand point to maximize the influenza viral production yield in cell culture. In the present work, influenza replication kinetics was studied in HEK293 cells. Two infection conditions were evaluated, a low (0.01) and a high multiplicity of infection (1.0). Critical time points of the viral production cycle (infection, protein synthesis, viral assembly and budding, viral release, and host-cell death) were identified in small-scale cell cultures. Additionally, cell growth, viability, and viral titers were monitored in the viral production process. The infection state of the cultivated cell population was assessed by influenza immunolabeling throughout the culture period. Influenza virus production kinetics were also on-line monitored by dielectric spectroscopy and successfully correlated to real-time capacitance measures. Overall, this work provided insights into the mechanisms associated with the infection of human HEK293 cell line by the influenza virus and demonstrated, once again, the usefulness of multifrequency scanning permittivity for in-line monitoring and supervision of cell-based viral production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petiot Emma
- National Research Council, Bioprocessing and Manufacturing, Vaccine Program, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sebastián JL, Muñoz S, Sancho M, Martínez G, Alvarez G. Electromechanical effects on multilayered cells in nonuniform rotating fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:011926. [PMID: 21867232 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.011926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use the Maxwell stress tensor to calculate the dielectrophoretic force and electrorotational torque acting on a realistic four-shelled model of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a nonuniform rotating electric field generated by four coplanar square electrodes. The comparison of these results with numerical calculations of the dipolar and quadrupolar contributions obtained from an integral equation for the polarization charge density shows the effect of the quadrupole contribution in the proximity of the electrode plane. We also show that under typical experimental conditions the substitution of the multilayered cell by an equivalent cell with homogeneous permittivity underestimates the quadrupole contribution to the force and torque by 1 order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sebastián
- Departamento de Física Aplicada III, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Ansorge S, Lanthier S, Transfiguracion J, Henry O, Kamen A. Monitoring lentiviral vector production kinetics using online permittivity measurements. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Recent advances in the bio- and nanotechnologies have led to the development of novel microsystems for bio-particle separation and analysis. Microsystems are already revolutionising the way we do science and have led to the development of a number of ultrasensitive bioanalytical devices capable of analysing complex biological samples. These devices have application in a number of diverse areas such as pollution monitoring, clinical diagnostics, drug discovery and biohazard detection. In this chapter we give an overview of the physical principles governing the behaviour of fluids and particles at the micron scale, which are relevant to the operation of microfluidic devices. We briefly discuss some of the fabrication technologies used in the production of microfluidic systems and then present a number of examples of devices and applications relevant to the biological and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holmes
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, Highfield, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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16
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Improvements in the extraction of cell electric properties from their electrorotation spectrum. Bioelectrochemistry 2009; 79:25-30. [PMID: 19892606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new approach to perform cell dielectric characterization from their electrorotation spectrum. At first, a variance analysis is carried out to quantify the dispersion in electrorotation spectra due to the different parameters involved. On this basis, the impact of each parameter is emphasized by weighing the spectrum with an appropriate frequency-dependent coefficient: this technique enables to minimize the coupling effects which deteriorate the accuracy of parameter extraction. In addition, the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm used in the identification procedure is modified to account for bounded intervals in which the unknown parameters are expected to vary. Both these techniques have proven to give increased confidence levels compared to previous work reported in the literature.
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17
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Hwang H, Lee DH, Choi W, Park JK. Enhanced discrimination of normal oocytes using optically induced pulling-up dielectrophoretic force. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2009; 3:14103. [PMID: 19693396 PMCID: PMC2717592 DOI: 10.1063/1.3086600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to discriminate normal oocytes in an optoelectrofluidic platform based on the optically induced positive dielectrophoresis (DEP) for in vitro fertilization. By combining the gravity with a pulling-up DEP force that is induced by dynamic image projected from a liquid crystal display, the discrimination performance could be enhanced due to the reduction in friction force acting on the oocytes that are relatively large and heavy cells being affected by the gravity field. The voltage condition of 10 V bias at 1 MHz was applied for moving normal oocytes. The increased difference of moving velocity between normal and starved abnormal oocytes allows us to discriminate the normal ones spontaneously under the moving image pattern. This approach can be useful to develop an automatic and interactive selection tool of fertilizable oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundoo Hwang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ansorge S, Esteban G, Schmid G. Multifrequency permittivity measurements enable on-line monitoring of changes in intracellular conductivity due to nutrient limitations during batch cultivations of CHO cells. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 26:272-83. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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20
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Fatoyinbo HO, Hoettges KF, Hughes MP. Rapid-on-chip determination of dielectric properties of biological cells using imaging techniques in a dielectrophoresis dot microsystem. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3-10. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Dessie SW, Rings F, Hölker M, Gilles M, Jennen D, Tholen E, Havlicek V, Besenfelder U, Sukhorukov VL, Zimmermann U, Endter JM, Sirard MA, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. Dielectrophoretic behavior of in vitro-derived bovine metaphase II oocytes and zygotes and its relation to in vitro embryonic developmental competence and mRNA expression pattern. Reproduction 2007; 133:931-46. [PMID: 17616723 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selecting developmentally competent oocytes and zygotes based on their morphology is more often influenced by personal judgments and lacks universal standards. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the rate of development and mRNA level of dielectrophoretically separated oocytes and zygotes to validate dielectrophoresis (DEP) as non-invasive option for selection of oocytes and zygotes. In the first experiment, metaphase II oocytes with (PB(+)) and without (PB(-)) first polar body and zygotes were subjected to DEP at 4 MHz and 450 mum electrode distance and classified into fast, very fast, slow, and very slow depending on the time elapsed to reach one of the electrodes in the electric field. Parthenogenetic activation was employed to monitor the embryonic development of dielectrophoretically classified oocytes. The result revealed that at 6 and 7 days of post-activation, the blastocyst rate of very slow dielectrophoretic PB(+) and PB(-) oocytes was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than other groups. Similarly, in zygotes, the blastocyst rate at 7 days post-insemination was higher (P < 0.05) in the very fast dielectrophoretic categories when compared with the slow and very slow categories. In the second experiment, mRNA level was analyzed in the very fast and very slow dielectrophoretic PB(+) oocytes and zygotes respectively using the bovine cDNA microarray. The result showed that 36 and 42 transcripts were differentially regulated between the very fast and very slow dielectrophoretic categories PB(+) oocytes and zygotes respectively. In conclusion, dielectrophoretically separated oocytes and zygotes showed difference in the rate of blastocyst development accompanied by difference in transcriptional abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salilew-Wondim Dessie
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Castellarnau M, Errachid A, Madrid C, Juárez A, Samitier J. Dielectrophoresis as a tool to characterize and differentiate isogenic mutants of Escherichia coli. Biophys J 2006; 91:3937-45. [PMID: 16950844 PMCID: PMC1630483 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.088534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report on an experimental method based on dielectrophoretic analysis to identify changes in four Escherichia coli isogenic strains that differed exclusively in one mutant allele. The dielectrophoretic properties of wild-type cells were compared to those of hns, hha, and hha hns mutant derivatives. The hns and hha genes code respectively for the global regulators Hha and H-NS. The Hha and H-NS proteins modulate gene expression in Escherichia coli and other Gram negative bacteria. Mutations in either hha or hns genes result in a pleiotropic phenotype. A two-shell prolate ellipsoidal model has been used to fit the experimental data, obtained from dielectrophoresis measurements, and to study the differences in the dielectric properties of the bacterial strains. The experimental results show that the mutant genotype can be predicted from the dielectrophoretic analysis of the corresponding cultures, opening the way to the development of microdevices for specific identification. Therefore, this study shows that dielectrophoresis can be a valuable tool to study bacterial populations which, although apparently homogeneous, may present phenotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castellarnau
- Nanobioengineering Research Laboratory, Institut de BioEnginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Abstract
Electrical forces for manipulating cells at the microscale include electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis. Electrophoretic forces arise from the interaction of a cell's charge and an electric field, whereas dielectrophoresis arises from a cell's polarizability. Both forces can be used to create microsystems that separate cell mixtures into its component cell types or act as electrical "handles" to transport cells or place them in specific locations. This review explores the use of these two forces for microscale cell manipulation. We first examine the forces and electrodes used to create them, then address potential impacts on cell health, followed by examples of devices for both separating cells and handling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Voldman
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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24
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Gascoyne PRC, Vykoukal JV. Dielectrophoresis-Based Sample Handling in General-Purpose Programmable Diagnostic Instruments. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE. INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS 2004; 92:22-42. [PMID: 19684877 PMCID: PMC2726756 DOI: 10.1109/jproc.2003.820535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the molecular origins of disease are better understood, the need for affordable, rapid, and automated technologies that enable microscale molecular diagnostics has become apparent. Widespread use of microsystems that perform sample preparation and molecular analysis could ensure that the benefits of new biomedical discoveries are realized by a maximum number of people, even those in environments lacking any infrastructure. While progress has been made in developing miniaturized diagnostic systems, samples are generally processed off-device using labor-intensive and time-consuming traditional sample preparation methods. We present the concept of an integrated programmable general-purpose sample analysis processor (GSAP) architecture where raw samples are routed to separation and analysis functional blocks contained within a single device. Several dielectrophoresis-based methods that could serve as the foundation for building GSAP functional blocks are reviewed including methods for cell and particle sorting, cell focusing, cell ac impedance analysis, cell lysis, and the manipulation of molecules and reagent droplets.
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25
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Labeed FH, Coley HM, Thomas H, Hughes MP. Assessment of multidrug resistance reversal using dielectrophoresis and flow cytometry. Biophys J 2003; 85:2028-34. [PMID: 12944315 PMCID: PMC1303374 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, multidrug resistance (MDR) is the simultaneous resistance of tumor cells to different natural product anticancer drugs that have no common structure. This is an impediment to the successful treatment of many human cancers. A common correlate of MDR is the overexpression of a membrane protein, P-glycoprotein. Many studies have shown that MDR can be reversed after the use of substrate analogs, called MDR modulators. However, our understanding of MDR modulation is incomplete. In this article, we examine the electrical properties of the human leukemic cells (K562) and its MDR counterpart (K562AR) using dielectrophoresis and flow cytometry (with a membrane potential sensitive dye, DIOC5), both before and after treatment with XR9576 (a P-glycoprotein-specific MDR-reversal agent). The results show significant differences in the cytoplasmic conductivity between the cell lines themselves, but indicate no significant changes after modulation therapy. We conclude that the process of MDR modulation is not associated with changes in the electrical properties of cancer cells. Moreover, the results demonstrate that using the flow cytometry method alone, with MDR cells, may produce artifactual results--whereas in combination with dielectrophoresis, the results show the role of MDR modulators in preventing drug efflux in MDR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima H Labeed
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, and Division of Oncology, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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26
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Abstract
The application of dielectrophoresis to particle discrimination, separation, and fractionation is reviewed, some advantages and disadvantages of currently available approaches are considered, and some caveats are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R C Gascoyne
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Hughes MP, Morgan H, Rixon FJ. Measuring the dielectric properties of herpes simplex virus type 1 virions with dielectrophoresis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1571:1-8. [PMID: 12031284 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An investigation has been performed into the biophysical properties of the enveloped mammalian virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The dielectrophoretic behaviour of the virus particles was measured as a function of applied frequency (over the range 100 kHz-20 MHz) and conductivity of the suspending medium (over the range 1-100 mS m(-1)). The dielectric properties of the virus were determined from the dielectrophoretic data using the smeared-out shell model. The data suggest that the intact particle has a surface conductance of 0.3 nS, an internal and membrane permittivity of 75varepsilon(o) and 7.5varepsilon(o), respectively, an internal conductivity of approximately 0.1 S m(-1) and a zeta potential of 70 mV. The dielectric properties were measured for intact, fresh virus particles and also for particles following exposure to various modifying agents, such as treatment with enzymes, ionophores and ageing. It is shown that the observed changes in the dielectrophoretic spectrum, and the variations in the dielectric properties of the virus concur with the expected physiological effects of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Hughes
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Bioelectronic Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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28
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Generalov VM, Bakirov TS, Durymanov AG, Sergeev AN, Shishkina LN, Petrishchenko VA, Toporkov VS, Tyunnikov GI, Medvedev AA, Poryvaev VD, Fefelov OV. Study of virus-cell interaction by the method of dielectrophoresis. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2002; 383:82-4. [PMID: 12058370 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015319331211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V M Generalov
- Research Institute of Aerobiology, State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, pos. Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, 630559 Russia
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29
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Raicu V, Sato T, Raicu G. Non-Debye dielectric relaxation in biological structures arises from their fractal nature. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:021916. [PMID: 11497629 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.021916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2001] [Revised: 03/16/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
What differentiates biological tissues from one another, thereby allowing their accomplishment of a physiological function, is their organization at supracellular and cellular levels. We developed general dielectric models for Cantorian (or treelike) fractal networks of transmission lines that mimic supracellular organization in numerous biological tissues and tissue surfaces, and which are compatible with both in vitro and in vivo measuring techniques. By varying a set of adjustable physical and geometrical parameters pertaining to the structure, we could numerically reproduce a variety of dielectric dispersion curves-most of them of a composite type-that suitably described experimental data from relatively organized biological tissues. We therefore conclude that the well-documented non-Debye dielectric behavior of biological structures reflects their self-similar architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raicu
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan.
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