1
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Wei HH, Yuan XS, Chen ZK, Chen PP, Xiang Z, Qu WM, Li RX, Zhou GM, Huang ZL. Presynaptic inputs to vasopressin neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113784. [PMID: 34139240 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are involved in important physiological behaviors, such as controling osmotic stability and thermoregulation. However, the presynaptic input patterns governing AVP neurons have remained poorly understood due to their heterogeneity, as well as intermingling of AVP neurons with other neurons both in the SON and PVN. In the present study, we employed a retrograde modified rabies-virus system to reveal the brain areas that provide specific inputs to AVP neurons in the SON and PVN. We found that AVP neurons of the SON and PVN received similar input patterns from multiple areas of the brain, particularly massive afferent inputs from the diencephalon and other brain regions of the limbic system; however, PVNAVP neurons received relatively broader and denser inputs compared to SONAVP neurons. Additionally, SONAVP neurons received more projections from the median preoptic nucleus and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (a circumventricular organ), compared to PVNAVP neurons, while PVNAVP neurons received more afferent inputs from the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, both of which are thermoregulatory nuclei, compared to those of SONAVP neurons. In addition, both SONAVP and PVNAVP neurons received direct afferent projections from the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is the master regulator of circadian rhythms and is concomitantly responsible for fluctuations in AVP levels. Taken together, our present results provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific afferent framework of AVP neurons both in the SON and PVN, and lay the foundation for further dissecting the diverse roles of SONAVP and PVNAVP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hua Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei-Pei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhe Xiang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Xi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Min Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Nagano H, Sobue Y, Matsuyama H, Saito S, Sakai H, Alom F, Tanahashi Y, Ishii T, Unno T. Muscarinic M 2 receptor promotes vasopressin synthesis in mice supraoptic nuclei. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:207-216. [PMID: 29563233 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have been suggested to be implicated in arginine-vasopressin secretion because intracerebroventricular muscarinic agonist administration induces arginine-vasopressin release into the circulation. Although which subtype is involved in the regulation of arginine-vasopressin secretion is unclear, M2 receptors have been reported to be highly expressed in the hypothalamus. In the present study, M2 receptor-knockout mice were used to elucidate whether M2 receptor regulates arginine-vasopressin synthesis in the paraventricular nuclei and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. The number of arginine-vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons in M2 receptor-knockout mice was significantly decreased in the supraoptic nuclei, but not in the paraventricular nuclei compared with wild-type mice. Plasma arginine-vasopressin level in M2 receptor-knockout mice was also significantly lower than in the wild-type mice. Urinary volume and frequency as well as water intake in M2 receptor-knockout mice were significantly higher than those in wild-type mice. The V2 vasopressin receptor expression in kidneys of M2 receptor-knockout mice was comparable with that of wild-type mice, and increased urination in M2 receptor-knockout mice was significantly decreased by administration of desmopressin, a specific V2 receptor agonist, suggesting that V2 receptors in the kidneys of M2 receptor-knockout mice are intact. These results suggest that M2 receptors promote arginine-vasopressin synthesis in the supraoptic nuclei and play a role in the regulation and maintenance of body fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagano
- Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary ScienceUnited Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Sobue
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologyFaculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hayato Matsuyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologyFaculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary AnatomyFaculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary PathologyFaculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Firoj Alom
- Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary ScienceUnited Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tanahashi
- Department of Animal Medical SciencesFaculty of Life Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishii
- Department of Basic Veterinary MedicineObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Unno
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologyFaculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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3
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Hou Y, Wang X, Lei Z, Ping J, Liu J, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Jia C, Jin M, Li X, Li X, Chen S, Lv Y, Gao Y, Jia W, Su J. Heat-Stress-Induced Metabolic Changes and Altered Male Reproductive Function. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1495-503. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501312t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Hou
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center
for Systems Biomedicine, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihai Lei
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jihui Ping
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - jiajian Liu
- Center
for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes
Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth, People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cuicui Jia
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoqiu Chen
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center
for Systems Biomedicine, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingfang Lv
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center
for Systems Biomedicine, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingdong Gao
- Laboratory
Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center
for Systems Biomedicine, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Center
for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes
Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth, People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juan Su
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
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4
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Bonnet MS, Roux J, Mounien L, Dallaporta M, Troadec JD. Advances in deoxynivalenol toxicity mechanisms: the brain as a target. Toxins (Basel) 2012. [PMID: 23202308 PMCID: PMC3509700 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), mainly produced by Fusarium fungi, and also commonly called vomitoxin, is a trichothecene mycotoxin. It is one of the most abundant trichothecenes which contaminate cereals consumed by farm animals and humans. The extent of cereal contamination is strongly associated with rainfall and moisture at the time of flowering and with grain storage conditions. DON consumption may result in intoxication, the severity of which is dose-dependent and may lead to different symptoms including anorexia, vomiting, reduced weight gain, neuroendocrine changes, immunological effects, diarrhea, leukocytosis, hemorrhage or circulatory shock. During the last two decades, many studies have described DON toxicity using diverse animal species as a model. While the action of the toxin on peripheral organs and tissues is well documented, data illustrating its effect on the brain are significantly less abundant. Yet, DON is known to affect the central nervous system. Recent studies have provided new evidence and detail regarding the action of the toxin on the brain. The purpose of the present review is to summarize critical studies illustrating this central action of the toxin and to suggest research perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion S. Bonnet
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Julien Roux
- Biomeostasis, Contract Research Organization, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Marseilles 13397, France;
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Michel Dallaporta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Jean-Denis Troadec
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel: +33-491-288-948; Fax: +33-491-288-885
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5
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Hazell GG, Hindmarch CC, Pope GR, Roper JA, Lightman SL, Murphy D, O’Carroll AM, Lolait SJ. G protein-coupled receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei--serpentine gateways to neuroendocrine homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:45-66. [PMID: 21802439 PMCID: PMC3336209 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors in the mammalian genome. They are activated by a multitude of different ligands that elicit rapid intracellular responses to regulate cell function. Unsurprisingly, a large proportion of therapeutic agents target these receptors. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are important mediators in homeostatic control. Many modulators of PVN/SON activity, including neurotransmitters and hormones act via GPCRs--in fact over 100 non-chemosensory GPCRs have been detected in either the PVN or SON. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the expression of GPCRs within the PVN/SON, including data from recent transcriptomic studies that potentially expand the repertoire of GPCRs that may have functional roles in these hypothalamic nuclei. We also present some aspects of the regulation and known roles of GPCRs in PVN/SON, which are likely complemented by the activity of 'orphan' GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J. Lolait
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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6
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Sinoaortic denervation prevents enhanced heat loss induced by central cholinergic stimulation during physical exercise. Brain Res 2010; 1366:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Rodrigues A, Lima N, Coimbra C, Marubayashi U. Evidence that exercise-induced heat storage is dependent on adrenomedullary secretion. Physiol Behav 2008; 94:463-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Santana R, de De Castro E Silva E, Reis de Oliveira I, Fregoneze JB. Effects of acute heat exposure on prosencephalic c-Fos expression in normohydrated, water-deprived and salt-loaded rats. Brain Res 2007; 1141:133-46. [PMID: 17288999 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the distribution pattern of c-Fos protein immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in prosencephalic areas of the brain involved in thermoregulatory and osmoregulatory responses was investigated, in rats exposed or not exposed to a hyperthermic environment, under three different conditions: normohydration, dehydration induced by water deprivation and hyperosmolarity induced by an acute intragastric salt load. Normohydrated, water-deprived or salt-loaded male Wistar rats (270+/-30 g) were submitted or not to acute heat exposure (33 degrees C for 45 min). A separate group of animals was submitted to the same experimental protocol and had blood samples collected before and after the heating period to measure serum osmolarity and sodium. The brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin peroxidase method. After analyzing Fos-IR in the brains of animals in the present study, three different types of prosencephalic areas were identified: (1) those that respond to hydrational and to heat conditions, with an interaction between these two factors (PaMP and SON); (2) those that respond to hydrational and to heat conditions, but with no interaction between these factors (MnPO, LSV and OVLT); and (3) those that respond only to hydrational status (SFO and PaLM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Santana
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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9
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Prímola-Gomes TN, Pires W, Rodrigues LOC, Coimbra CC, Marubayashi U, Lima NRV. Activation of the central cholinergic pathway increases post-exercise tail heat loss in rats. Neurosci Lett 2007; 413:1-5. [PMID: 17250962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stimulation of the central cholinergic pathway on the regulation of post-exercise tail heat loss in rats. Either 2.0microL of 25x10(-3)M physostigmine (Phy) or 0.15M NaCl solution (Sal) were injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle of both resting (n=8) and post-exercising rats (n=6; 24mmin(-1); 25min; 5% inclination). Tail temperature (Ttail) was measured using a thermistor taped to the tail, and intraperitoneal temperature, an index of core temperature (Tc), was recorded using a telemetry sensor implanted into the peritoneal cavity. In resting rats, Phy induced an increase in both Ttail (26.8+/-0.3 degrees C Phy versus 25.2+/-0.6 degrees C Sal; P<0.05) and in heat loss index (0.26+/-0.03 Phy versus 0.14+/-0.05 Sal; P<0.05; 30min after injection), and a decrease in Tc compared to the Sal injection group (36.6+/-0.2 degrees C Phy versus 37.0+/-0.2 degrees C Sal; P<0.05). In post-exercising rats, Phy injection attenuated the decrease in both T(tail) (28.3+/-0.8 degrees C Phy versus 26.4+/-0.6 degrees C Sal; P<0.05) and heat loss index (0.37+/-0.07 Phy versus 0.19+/-0.02 Sal; P<0.05) without altering Tc. We conclude that activation of the central cholinergic pathway increases post-exercise tail heat loss in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales N Prímola-Gomes
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Ghamari-Langroudi M, Bourque CW. Muscarinic receptor modulation of slow afterhyperpolarization and phasic firing in rat supraoptic nucleus neurons. J Neurosci 2005; 24:7718-26. [PMID: 15342739 PMCID: PMC6729628 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1240-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A slow posttrain afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) was studied in rat magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in vitro. The sAHP was isolated from other afterpotentials by blocking the depolarizing afterpotential (DAP) with Cs(+) and the medium afterhyperpolarization (mAHP) with apamin. The sAHP amplitude increased logarithmically with activity ( approximately 3 mV per e-fold increase in number of impulses) and, when firing stopped, decayed exponentially with a time constant of 2 sec. The sAHP was associated with increased membrane conductance, and its amplitude varied linearly with voltage, reversing at the K(+) equilibrium potential. The sAHP was blocked by Cd(2+) but not by charybdotoxin or iberiotoxin, blockers of intermediate- and big-conductance-type Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) (K(Ca)) channels. The sAHP was reversibly inhibited by muscarine, an effect antagonized by atropine, indicating involvement of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Muscarine did not affect Ca(2+)-dependent features of action potentials, DAPs, or the mAHP in MNCs, indicating selective modulation of K(Ca) channels causing the sAHP. Muscarinic inhibition of the sAHP enhanced plateau potentials and increased the mean firing rate and duration of afterdischarges that followed spike trains evoked from voltages near threshold. Similarly, the frequency and duration of the spontaneous phasic bursts that characterize physiologically activated vasopressin-releasing MNCs were enhanced by muscarine. MNCs thus express apamin- and voltage-insensitive K(Ca) channels that mediate an sAHP. The activity dependence and kinetics of the sAHP cause it to mask DAPs in a manner that attenuates the amplitude of plateau potentials. Muscarinic inhibition of the sAHP provides an effective mechanism for promoting phasic firing in MNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Montreal General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
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11
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12
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de Freitas RL, de Oliveira RC, de Carvalho AD, Felippotti TT, Bassi GS, Elias-Filho DH, Coimbra NC. Role of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in an experimental model of epilepsy-induced analgesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 79:367-76. [PMID: 15501314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2004] [Revised: 08/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The blockade of GABA-mediated Cl(-) influx with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was used in the present work to induce seizures in animals. The neurotransmission in the postictal period has been the focus of many studies, and there is evidence suggesting antinociceptive mechanisms following tonic-clonic seizures in both animals and men. The aim of this work was to study the involvement of acetylcholine in the antinociception induced by convulsions elicited by peripheral administration of PTZ (64 mg/kg). Analgesia was measured by the tail-flick test in eight albino Wistar rats per group. Convulsions were followed by significant increases in tail-flick latencies (TFLs) at least for 120 min of the postictal period. Peripheral administration of atropine (0.25, 1 and 4 mg/kg) caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in the TFL in seizing animals, as compared to controls. These data were corroborated by peripheral administration of mecamylamine, a nicotinic cholinergic receptor blocker, at the same doses (0.25, 1 and 4 mg/kg) used for the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. The recruitment of the muscarinic receptor was made 10 min postconvulsions and in subsequent periods of postictal analgesia, whereas the involvement of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor was implicated only after 30 min postseizures. The cholinergic antagonists caused a minimal reduction in body temperature, but did not impair baseline TFL, spontaneous exploration or motor coordination in the rotarod test at the maximal dose of 4 mg/kg. These results indicate that acetylcholine may be involved as a neurotransmitter in postictal analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14049-900, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
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13
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Abstract
Induction of c-Fos has previously been used to map locations of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that are activated by ethanol administration. Only a few studies examining a restricted range of CNS areas have identified brain areas activated by nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Because ethanol and N(2)O have overlapping physiological, psychological and behavioral effects, we hypothesized that these drugs act on similar sites in the CNS. To test this hypothesis, we assessed c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in brain slices from male Long-Evans rats that received a 2-h exposure of 0, 20, 40 or 60% N(2)O (n=5 each) immediately prior to sacrifice. N(2)O administration produced significant (P<0.05) dose-related increases of c-Fos expression in several forebrain regions, including the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the thalamic paraventricular nucleus, the amygdala, and in retrosplenial cortex. In the midbrain, N(2)O caused significant dose-related c-Fos expression in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Finally, the pontine locus coeruleus, and two medullary regions, the nucleus of the solitary tract and ventrolateral medulla, also showed significant dose-related N(2)O-induced c-Fos expression. Most of the brain areas identified as targets of N(2)O are also activated by ethanol administration. The overlapping pattern of c-Fos induced by ethanol and N(2)O suggests that these drugs may cause comparable central activity by acting on similar neuronal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Kaiyala
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
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14
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Eiland MM, Ramanathan L, Gulyani S, Gilliland M, Bergmann BM, Rechtschaffen A, Siegel JM. Increases in amino-cupric-silver staining of the supraoptic nucleus after sleep deprivation. Brain Res 2002; 945:1-8. [PMID: 12113945 PMCID: PMC8842515 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprived rats undergo a predictable sequence of physiological changes, including changes in skin condition, increased energy expenditure, and altered thermoregulation. Amino-cupric-silver staining was used to identify sleep deprivation related changes in the brain. A significant increase in staining was observed in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus of rats with high sleep loss (>45 h) vs. their yoked controls. Follow-up experiments showed that staining was not significantly different in rats sleep deprived for less than 45 h, suggesting that injurious sleep deprivation-related processes occur above a threshold quantity of sleep loss. These anatomical changes suggest that the effects of sleep deprivation may be related to protein metabolism in certain brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Eiland
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research 151A3, 16111 Plummer Street, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343, USA
| | - Lalini Ramanathan
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research 151A3, 16111 Plummer Street, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343, USA
| | - Seema Gulyani
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research 151A3, 16111 Plummer Street, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jerome M. Siegel
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research 151A3, 16111 Plummer Street, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: 11-818-891-7711x7581. (J.M. Siegel)
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