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Ko IG, Kim SE, Kim BK, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Yim SJ, Bang YJ, Choi IH, Kim KH. Swimming: effects on stress urinary incontinence and the expression of nerve growth factor in rats following transabdominal urethrolysis. Int Neurourol J 2011; 15:74-81. [PMID: 21811696 PMCID: PMC3138847 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2011.15.2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) commonly occurs in women, and it has an enormous impact on quality of life. Surgery, drugs, and exercise have been recommended for the treatment of this disease. Among these, exercise is known to be effective for the relief of symptoms of SUI; however, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of the effect of exercise on SUI are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of swimming the symptom of SUI in relation to the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in rats. METHODS Transabdominal urethrolysis was used to induce SUI, in Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental groups were divided into the following three groups: sham-operation group, transabdominal urethrolysis-induced group, and transabdominal urethrolysis-induced and swimming group. The rats in the swimming group were forced to swim for 30 minutes once daily starting 2 weeks after SUI induction and continuing for 4 weeks. For this study, determination of abdominal leak point pressure and immunohistochemistry for NGF in the urethra and in the neuronal voiding centers (medial preoptic nucleus [MPA], ventrolateral periaqueductal gray [vlPAG], pontine micturition center [PMC], and spinal cord [L4-L5]) were performed. RESULTS Transabdominal urethrolysis significantly reduced the abdominal leak point pressure, thereby contributing to the induction of SUI. Abdominal leak point pressure, however, was significantly improved by swimming. The expression of NGF in the urethra and in the neuronal voiding centers (MPA, vlPAG, PMC, and L4-L5) relating to micturition was enhanced by the induction of SUI. Swimming, however, significantly suppressed SUI-induced NGF expression. CONCLUSIONS Swimming alleviated symptoms of transabdominal urethrolysis-induced SUI, as assessed by an increase in abdominal leak point pressure. The underlying mechanisms of these effects of swimming might be ascribed to the inhibitory effect of swimming on NGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal Soon Shin
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Yim
- Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Bang
- Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - In Ho Choi
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Khae Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
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Effect of Treadmill Exercise on Leak-point pressure and Neuronal Activation in Brain of Rats with Stress Urinary Incontinence. Int Neurourol J 2010; 14:141-8. [PMID: 21179331 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2010.14.3.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) commonly occurs in women, and it causes enormous impact on quality of life. Surgery, drugs, and exercise have been recommended for the treatment of this disease. Among these exercise is also known to be effective for relieving thesymptoms of SUI, however, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of exercise on SUI are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on abdominal leak-point pressure and neuronal activity in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPA), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), and pontine micturition center (PMC) following urethrolysis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250±10 g (9 weeks old), were used in this study. After having undergone transabdominal urethrolysis to induce SUI, the rats were divided into three groups (n=6 in each group): a sham operation group, an SUI-induced group, and an SUI-induced and treadmill exercise group. The rats in the exercise group performed treadmill running for 30 min once a day starting 2 weeks after the induction of SUI and continuing for 4 weeks after surgery. For this study, determination of abdominal leak point pressure and immunohistochemistry for c-Fos in the brain were performed. RESULTS Induction of transabdominal urethrolysis significantly reduced the abdominal leak point pressure, thereby contributing to the induction of SUI. In contrast, abdominal leak point pressure was significantly improved by treadmill exercise. The expression of c-Fosin the MPA, vlPAG, and PMC, the brain areas relating to micturition, was enhanced by the induction of SUI, whereas treadmill exercise significantly suppressed SUI-induced c-Fos expression, suggesting that neuronal activation in the micturition centers was suppressed by treadmill exercise. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that treadmill exercise may be an effective therapeutic modality for ameliorating the symptoms of SUI.
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Direct projections from the sacral spinal cord to the medial preoptic area in cat and guinea pig. Neuroscience 2009; 164:1732-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rickey LM, Sarkey S, DonCarlos LL. Estrogen-sensitive projections from the medial preoptic area to the dorsal pontine tegmentum, including Barrington's nucleus, in the rat. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:440-5. [PMID: 17957780 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Urinary incontinence affects a significant number of post-menopausal women. There is conflicting evidence whether voiding symptoms in these women are related to hypoestrogenism or aging itself. This neuroanatomical study was designed to determine whether a specific central nervous system (CNS) pathway that projects to the pontine micturition center (PMC, also known as "Barrington's nucleus") is estrogen sensitive in a rat model. METHODS A fluorescent retrograde tracer was injected into the dorsal pontine tegmentum of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats to identify neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPA) that project to the PMC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies directed against estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) to identify estrogen-sensitive neurons. The brain sections were examined using fluorescence microscopy to identify cells that project to the PMC (contain fluorescent tracer) and also express ER (are immunoreactive for ER). RESULTS There are neurons in the MPA that are double labeled (contain fluorescent tracer and express ERalpha, but not ERbeta), showing that a subset of neurons projecting from the MPA to the PMC is estrogen sensitive. CONCLUSIONS A subset of estrogen-sensitive neurons projects from the MPA to the PMC in rats, raising the possibility that indirect estrogenic regulation of forebrain neuronal function may modulate the micturition reflex. Future development of drugs that alter the function of this estrogen-sensitive CNS pathway may provide therapeutic strategies to treat post-menopausal incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Minor Rickey
- Division of Urology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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Olivier JDA, de Jong TR, Jos Dederen P, van Oorschot R, Heeren D, Pattij T, Waldinger MD, Coolen LM, Cools AR, Olivier B, Veening JG. Effects of acute and chronic apomorphine on sex behavior and copulation-induced neural activation in the male rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 576:61-76. [PMID: 17826765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apomorphine is a non-selective dopaminergic receptor agonist. Because of its pro-erectile effects, apomorphine is clinically used for treatment of erectile dysfunction. We investigated the effects of subcutaneous apomorphine administration (0.4 mg/kg rat) on sexual behavior and mating-induced Fos-expression following acute (day 1) or chronic apomorphine treatment (days 8 and 15) in sexually experienced male rats. Consistent facilitatory effects of apomorphine were observed in the reduced numbers of mounts and intromissions over time and an increased ejaculation frequency on day 1. The first post-ejaculatory interval, however, was lengthened, while other behavioral parameters were unaffected. Fos-immunoreactivity induced by acute apomorphine administration (barrel cortex, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central amygdala and locus coeruleus) was strongly reduced after chronic administration. After mating, induction of Fos-immunoreactivity was observed in well-known areas like medial preoptic nucleus and the posterodorsal medial amygdaloid area. Apomorphine, however, reduced mating-induced Fos-immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens shell and prevented its occurrence in its core area. This remarkable apomorphine effect was not observed in any other brain area. We conclude that the behavioral (pro-erectile) effects of apomorphine are consistent over time, and that the diminished accumbens-Fos-immunoreactivity and the elongated post-ejaculatory interval may reflect a decreased response to remote cues from the estrus female.
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Yamamoto T, Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Liu Z, Ito T, Yamanishi T, Hattori T. Lower urinary tract function in patients with pituitary adenoma compressing hypothalamus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:390-4. [PMID: 15716534 PMCID: PMC1739555 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.044644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The micturition reflex is under the tonic influence of suprapontine structures including the anteromedial frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus. However, there have been few reports about the role of the hypothalamus on the lower urinary tract (LUT) function in humans. OBJECTIVE To investigate LUT function in patients with pituitary adenomas. METHODS Urodynamic studies were carried out in three patients with LUT symptoms who had pituitary adenomas extending upwards to the hypothalamus. RESULTS All three male patients (age 28 to 62 years) developed LUT symptoms (urinary urgency and frequency (3); urinary incontinence (3); voiding difficulty and retention (2)) along with weight loss, psychiatric symptoms, unsteady gait, and/or visual disturbances. One had the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, but none had diabetes insipidus. Two had resection of the tumour and subsequent radiation therapy, but LUT dysfunction persisted. The third patient had partial resection of the tumour to ameliorate hydrocephalus. Urodynamic studies showed detrusor overactivity during the storage phase in all patients; during the voiding phase there was underactive detrusor in two and non-relaxing sphincter in one. CONCLUSIONS Hypothalamic lesions can cause severe LUT dysfunction in both the storage and voiding phases of micturition. This may reflect the crucial role of the hypothalamus in regulating micturition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamamoto
- Neurology Department, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Kuipers R, Mouton LJ, Holstege G. Afferent projections to the pontine micturition center in the cat. J Comp Neurol 2005; 494:36-53. [PMID: 16304684 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The pontine micturition center (PMC) or Barrington's nucleus controls micturition by way of its descending projections to the sacral spinal cord. However, little is known about the afferents to the PMC that control its function and may be responsible for dysfunction in patients with urge-incontinence and overactive bladder. In five female cats, wheatgerm agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) injections were made in the PMC and adjoining dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found in a large area, including the medullary and pontine medial and lateral tegmental field; dorsomedial, lateral, and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (PAG); posterior hypothalamus; medial preoptic area (MPO); bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; central nucleus of the amygdala; and infralimbic, prelimbic, and insular cortices. To verify whether these areas indeed project specifically to the PMC or perhaps only to adjacent structures in the pontine tegmentum, in 67 cats (3)H-leucine or WGA-HRP injections were made in each of these regions. Five cell groups appeared to have direct connections to the PMC, the ventromedial pontomedullary tegmental field, the ventrolateral and dorsomedial PAG, the MPO, and the posterior hypothalamus. The possible functions of these projections are discussed. These results indicate that all other parts of the brain that influence micturition have no direct connection with the PMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Kuipers
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hamson DK, Watson NV. Regional brainstem expression of Fos associated with sexual behavior in male rats. Brain Res 2004; 1006:233-40. [PMID: 15051527 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized Fos expression to map the distribution of activated cells in brainstem areas following masculine sexual behavior. Males displaying both appetitive and consumatory sexual behaviors (Cop) were compared to animals prevented from copulation (NC) and to socially isolated (SI) animals. Following copulation, Fos was preferentially augmented in the caudal ventral medulla (CVM), a region mediating descending inhibition of penile reflexes, and which may be regulated by a forebrain circuit that includes the medial preoptic area (MPOA). Copulation-induced Fos was observed in the medial divisions of both the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DC) and trapezoid bodies (Tz), areas which are part of a circuit processing auditory information. In addition, the medullary linear nucleus (Li) displayed comparable amounts of Fos in Cop and NC as compared to the SI animals. Other regions of the pontomedullary reticular system, which may mediate sleep and arousal, did not exhibit Fos expression associated with consumatory sexual behavior. We suggest that Fos is associated with the inhibition of sexual behavior following ejaculation in the CVM, and that auditory information arising from the DC and Tz is combined with copulation-related sensory information in the subparafasicular nucleus and projected to the hypothalamus. In addition, equal amounts of Fos expression observed in the Li in both the Cop and NC animals suggests that this region is involved in sexual arousal. Overall, the data suggest that processing by brainstem nuclei directly contributes to the regulation of mating behavior in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne K Hamson
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
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Yoo MJ, Searles RV, He JR, Shen WB, Grattan DR, Selmanoff M. Castration rapidly decreases hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neuronal activity in both male and female rats. Brain Res 2000; 878:1-10. [PMID: 10996131 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The postcastration LH response is greater and somewhat more rapid in male than female rats. We have previously demonstrated that hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neuronal activity decreases following gonadectomy in male rats. To investigate whether these same hypothalamic GABA neurons decrease their activity postcastration in female rats, and whether more rapid and or greater postcastration decreases occur in male rats, we determined the timing and magnitude of the postcastration decreases in GABA turnover which are associated with the sexually dimorphic postcastration LH response. Adult male and 4-day cycling female rats were castrated between 0800 and 1000 h (females ovariectomized on diestrus day 1). Serum LH levels increased significantly by 12 h postcastration in both males and females with the magnitude of the increases being 6.2-fold in males and 2.8-fold in females. GABA turnover was determined in 16 microdissected brain structures by the GABA transaminase inhibition method at 0 h (sham-operated controls), 6 h, 12 h and 1, 2, 4 and 6 days postcastration. In male rats, in the diagonal band of Broca at the level of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis [DBB(ovlt)], the rate of GABA turnover decreased significantly already by 6 h postcastration compared with the 0 h controls, and remained suppressed through 6 days. This rapid down regulation of DBB(ovlt) GABAergic neurons also occurred in female rats, however, the duration of the decrease was not as prolonged as in male rats. Similar changes occurred in the tuberoinfundibular GABAergic (TIGA) neurons projecting to the median eminence in both males and females. Down regulation of these GABAergic neurons precedes or is coincident with increased postcastration LH secretion in both sexes, and the duration of the decreases is consistent with the less robust postcastration LH response in female rats. In addition, the rate of GABA turnover decreased after castration in the interstitial (bed) nucleus of the stria terminalis, ventral aspect (INSTv), the medial preoptic nucleus, dorsomedial aspect (MPNdm) and the ventromedial nucleus, ventrolateral aspect (VMNvl) in male rats, and in the INSTv and VMNvl of female rats, while there was no effect of castration in other hypothalamic regions or control structures. The result in the female VMNvl is consistent with reports that GABA facilitates lordosis behavior in this hypothalamic structure. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that discrete hypothalamic populations of sex steroid-sensitive GABAergic neurons mediate the postcastration LH responses in both male and female rats, and may underlie other sexually dimorphic adult phenotypes such as sex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yoo
- Center for Studies in Reproduction, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
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Steininger TL, Gong H, Mcginty D, Szymusiak R. Subregional organization of preoptic area /anterior hypothalamic projections to arousal-related monoaminergic cell groups. J Comp Neurol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20010122)429:4<638::aid-cne10>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ding YQ, Wang D, Xu JQ, Ju G. Direct projections from the medial preoptic area to spinally-projecting neurons in Barrington's nucleus: an electron microscope study in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1999; 271:175-8. [PMID: 10507697 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Direct projections from the medial preoptic area (MPO) to the pontine micturition center neurons directly projecting to the lumbosacral spinal cord were revealed electron microscopically in the rat by a double labeling method. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the MPO and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the lumbosacral cord segments. At light microscopic level, BDA-labeled presumptive axon terminals completely overlapped with HRP-labeled neurons in Barrington's nucleus. Electron microscopic observation showed that some BDA-labeled axon terminals made synaptic contacts with dendrites of HRP-labeled neurons in Barrington's nucleus. The present results indicated that the MPO may be involved in the modulation of the pontine micturition reflex in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Stephenson CP, Hunt GE, Topple AN, McGregor IS. The distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine "Ecstasy"-induced c-fos expression in rat brain. Neuroscience 1999; 92:1011-23. [PMID: 10426541 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rats were injected with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("Ecstasy") and assessed for changes in locomotor activity and for the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos throughout the brain. A dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity was seen with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (0, 5 and 20 mg/kg) that continued for at least 2 h following administration. Dose-dependent increases in c-fos expression were seen in much of the cortex, forebrain, brainstem and cerebellum in rats given 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Expression was pronounced in 5-hydroxytryptamine terminal regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja, lateral septum, paraventricular hypothalamus and paraventricular thalamus. High levels of c-fos expression were also seen in the supraoptic and median preoptic nuclei, regions involved in the control of fluid balance and body temperature, respectively. This is potentially important since deaths in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users have been linked to hyperthermia and hyponatremia. In the brainstem, two regions of high c-fos expression were Barrington's nucleus, which is involved in micturition, and the pontine reticular nucleus oralis, a region involved in motor control of mastication. Activation of this latter structure may partly explain the bruxism (grinding of the jaw) reported by human 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users. Robust c-fos expression was seen in the cerebellum, particularly in the flocculus, and this may explain the reported deleterious effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on balance and co-ordination. Significant c-fos expression was also seen in the ventral tegmental area, amidst the cell bodies of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine neurons, and in the median and dorsal raphe, where the serotonergic innervation of the forebrain originates. Double-labelling of fos-positive neurons with 5-hydroxytryptamine showed that only a small number of serotonergic neurons in the raphe expressed c-fos following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The widespread distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced c-fos expression seen in this study can be linked to the profound alterations in physiological function, mood and behaviour produced by this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Stephenson
- Department of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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