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Zhang Y, Spitzer BW, Zhang Y, Wallace DA, Yu B, Qi Q, Argos M, Avilés-Santa ML, Boerwinkle E, Daviglus ML, Kaplan R, Cai J, Redline S, Sofer T. Untargeted Metabolome Atlas for Sleep Phenotypes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.17.24307286. [PMID: 38798578 PMCID: PMC11118618 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.17.24307286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is essential to maintaining health and wellbeing of individuals, influencing a variety of outcomes from mental health to cardiometabolic disease. This study aims to assess the relationships between various sleep phenotypes and blood metabolites. Utilizing data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we performed association analyses between 40 sleep phenotypes, grouped in several domains (i.e., sleep disordered breathing (SDB), sleep duration, timing, insomnia symptoms, and heart rate during sleep), and 768 metabolites measured via untargeted metabolomics profiling. Network analysis was employed to visualize and interpret the associations between sleep phenotypes and metabolites. The patterns of statistically significant associations between sleep phenotypes and metabolites differed by superpathways, and highlighted subpathways of interest for future studies. For example, some xenobiotic metabolites were associated with sleep duration and heart rate phenotypes (e.g. 1H-indole-7-acetic acid, 4-allylphenol sulfate), while ketone bodies and fatty acid metabolism metabolites were associated with sleep timing measures (e.g. 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine (1)). Heart rate phenotypes had the overall largest number of detected metabolite associations. Many of these associations were shared with both SDB and with sleep timing phenotypes, while SDB phenotypes shared relatively few metabolite associations with sleep duration measures. A number of metabolites were associated with multiple sleep phenotypes, from a few domains. The amino acids vanillylmandelate (VMA) and 1-carboxyethylisoleucine were associated with the greatest number of sleep phenotypes, from all domains other than insomnia. This atlas of sleep-metabolite associations will facilitate hypothesis generation and further study of the metabolic underpinnings of sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian W Spitzer
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle A Wallace
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maria Argos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Larissa Avilés-Santa
- Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ganji R, Razavi S, Ghasemi N, Mardani M. Improvement of Remyelination in Demyelinated Corpus Callosum Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (hADSCs) and Pregnenolone in the Cuprizone Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1088-1099. [PMID: 32314194 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have neuroprotective effects, and their repair ability has been approved in neurodegenerative studies. Pregnenolone as a neurosteroid plays significant roles in neurogenesis. We aimed to consider the effect of ADSCs and pregnenolone injection on the multiple sclerosis (MS) model created by cuprizone. Male Wistar rats (n = 36) were fed with an ordinary diet or a diet with cuprizone (0.6%) for 3 weeks. H-ADSCs were taken from patients with lipoaspirate surgery. The rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): healthy, MS, sham, pregnenolone injection, ADSCs injection, pregnenolone and ADSCs injection. Behavioral test, histological examination and TEM were conducted. The specific markers for myelin and cell differentiation were assessed using immunohistochemistry staining. Additionally, the measure of MBP and MOG gene expression and the amount of related proteins were determined using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. Histologic results showed that induced demyelination in corpus callosum fibers. TEM revealed an increased thickness of myelin in fibers in the treated groups (P < 0.05). Injection of hADSC and pregnenolone significantly increased the expression levels of MBP and MOG (P < 0.001). The mean percentage of MOG and MBP markers were significantly increased in the treated groups compared to MS and sham groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the OD level of MBP and MOG proteins showed that their values in the ADSCs/pregnenolone group were close to those of the control group without a significant difference. Our data indicated the remyelination potency and cell differentiation can improve with ADSCs and pregnenolone treatments in the multiple sclerosis model which created by cuprizone in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Ganji
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744-176, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744-176, Iran.
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744-176, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mardani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744-176, Iran.
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Frau R, Traccis F, Bortolato M. Neurobehavioural complications of sleep deprivation: Shedding light on the emerging role of neuroactive steroids. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12792. [PMID: 31505075 PMCID: PMC6982588 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with a broad spectrum of cognitive and behavioural complications, including emotional lability and enhanced stress reactivity, as well as deficits in executive functions, decision making and impulse control. These impairments, which have profound negative consequences on the health and productivity of many individuals, reflect alterations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its connectivity with subcortical regions. However, the molecular underpinnings of these alterations remain elusive. Our group and others have begun examining how the neurobehavioural outcomes of SD may be influenced by neuroactive steroids, a family of molecules deeply implicated in sleep regulation and the stress response. These studies have revealed that, similar to other stressors, acute SD leads to increased synthesis of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in the PFC. Whereas this up-regulation is likely aimed at counterbalancing the detrimental impact of oxidative stress induced by SD, the increase in prefrontal allopregnanolone levels contributes to deficits in sensorimotor gating and impulse control, signalling a functional impairment of PFC. This scenario suggests that the synthesis of neuroactive steroids during acute SD may be enacted as a neuroprotective response in the PFC; however, such compensation may in turn set off neurobehavioural complications by interfering with the corticolimbic connections responsible for executive functions and emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Francesco Traccis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (UT), USA
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Ratner MH, Kumaresan V, Farb DH. Neurosteroid Actions in Memory and Neurologic/Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:169. [PMID: 31024441 PMCID: PMC6465949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory dysfunction is a symptomatic feature of many neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the basic underlying mechanisms of memory and altered states of circuitry function associated with disorders of memory remain a vast unexplored territory. The initial discovery of endogenous neurosteroids triggered a quest to elucidate their role as neuromodulators in normal and diseased brain function. In this review, based on the perspective of our own research, the advances leading to the discovery of positive and negative neurosteroid allosteric modulators of GABA type-A (GABAA), NMDA, and non-NMDA type glutamate receptors are brought together in a historical and conceptual framework. We extend the analysis toward a state-of-the art view of how neurosteroid modulation of neural circuitry function may affect memory and memory deficits. By aggregating the results from multiple laboratories using both animal models for disease and human clinical research on neuropsychiatric and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, elements of a circuitry level view begins to emerge. Lastly, the effects of both endogenously active and exogenously administered neurosteroids on neural networks across the life span of women and men point to a possible underlying pharmacological connectome by which these neuromodulators might act to modulate memory across diverse altered states of mind.
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Helms CM, Rossi DJ, Grant KA. Neurosteroid influences on sensitivity to ethanol. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:10. [PMID: 22654852 PMCID: PMC3356014 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will highlight a variety of mechanisms by which neurosteroids affect sensitivity to ethanol, including physiological states associated with activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes, and the effects of chronic exposure to ethanol, in addition to behavioral implications. To date, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor mechanisms are a major focus of the modulation of ethanol effects by neuroactive steroids. While NMDA receptor mechanisms are gaining prominence in the literature, these complex data would be best discussed separately. Accordingly, GABA(A) receptor mechanisms are emphasized in this review with brief mention of some NMDA receptor mechanisms to point out contrasting neuroactive steroid pharmacology. Overall, the data suggest that neurosteroids are virtually ubiquitous modulators of inhibitory neurotransmission. Neurosteroids appear to affect sensitivity to ethanol in specific brain regions and, consequently, specific behavioral tests, possibly related to the efficacy and potency of ethanol to potentiate the release of GABA and increase neurosteroid concentrations. Although direct interaction of ethanol and neuroactive steroids at common receptor binding sites has been suggested in some studies, this proposition is still controversial. It is currently difficult to assign a specific mechanism by which neuroactive steroids could modulate the effects of ethanol in particular behavioral tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa M. Helms
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research CenterBeaverton, OR, USA
- *Correspondence: Christa M. Helms, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, L-584, 505 North-West 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA. e-mail:
| | - David J. Rossi
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research CenterBeaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
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Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in the field of sleep regulation, particularly in the role of hormones, and of synthetic GABA(A) receptor agonists. Certain hormones play a specific role in sleep regulation. A reciprocal interaction of the neuropeptides growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in sleep regulation. At least in males GHRH is a common stimulus of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and GH and inhibits the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) hormones, whereas CRH exerts opposite effects. Furthermore CRH may enhance rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). Changes in the GHRH:CRH ratio in favor of CRH appear to contribute to sleep EEG and endocrine changes during depression and normal ageing. In women, however, CRH-like effects of GHRH were found. Besides CRH somatostatin impairs sleep, whereas ghrelin, galanin and neuropeptide Y promote sleep. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide appears to be involved in the temporal organization of human sleep. Beside of peptides, steroids participate in sleep regulation. Cortisol appears to promote REMS. Various neuroactive steroids exert specific effects on sleep. The beneficial effect of estrogen replacement therapy in menopausal women suggests a role of estrogen in sleep regulation. The GABA(A) receptor or GABAergic neurons are involved in the action of many of these hormones. Recently synthetic GABA(A) agonists, particularly gaboxadol and the GABA reuptake inhibitor tiagabine were shown to differ distinctly in their action from allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor like benzodiazepines as they promote slow-wave sleep, decrease wakefulness and do not affect REMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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George O, Vallée M, Le Moal M, Mayo W. Neurosteroids and cholinergic systems: implications for sleep and cognitive processes and potential role of age-related changes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006; 186:402-13. [PMID: 16416333 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-0254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The neurosteroids pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and allopregnanolone (3alpha,5alpha THPROG) have been implicated as powerful modulators of memory processes and sleep states in young and aged subjects with memory impairment. As these processes depend on the integrity of cholinergic systems, a specific effect of neurosteroids on these systems may account for their effects on sleep and memory. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence for a specific and differential effect of neurosteroids on cholinergic systems. METHODS We carried out keyword searches in "Medline" to identify articles concerning (1) the effects of neurosteroids on cholinergic systems, sleep and memory processes, and (2) changes in neurosteroid concentrations during aging. Few results are available for humans. Most data concerned rodents. RESULTS Peripheral and central administrations of PREGS, DHEAS, and 3alpha,5alpha THPROG modulate the basal forebrain and brainstem projection cholinergic neurons but not striatal cholinergic interneurons. Local administration of neurosteroids to the basal forebrain and brainstem cholinergic neurons alters sleep and memory in rodents. There are a few conflicting reports concerning the effects of aging on neurosteroid concentrations in normal and pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS The specific modulation of basal forebrain and brainstem cholinergic systems by neurosteroids may account for the effects of these compounds on sleep and memory processes. To improve our understanding of the role of neurosteroids in cholinergic systems during normal and pathological aging, we need to determine whether there is specific regionalization of neurosteroids, and we need to investigate the relationship between neurosteroid concentrations in cholinergic nuclei and age-related sleep and memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier George
- INSERM, U588, Institut François Magendie, Université de Bordeaux II, F-33077, Bordeaux, France.
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Sliwinski A, Monnet FP, Schumacher M, Morin-Surun MP. Pregnenolone sulfate enhances long-term potentiation in CA1 in rat hippocampus slices through the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Neurosci Res 2005; 78:691-701. [PMID: 15505794 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the different steroids found in the brain, pregnenolone sulfate (3beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one-3-sulfate; PREGS) is known to enhance hippocampal-associated memory. The present study employs rat hippocampal slices to investigate the ability of PREGS to modulate long-term potentiation (LTP), a phenomenon considered as a model of synaptic plasticity related to memory processes. LTP (3 x 100 Hz/1 sec within 2 min), implicated essentially glutamatergic transmission, for which the different synaptic events could be pharmacologically dissociated. We show that PREGS enhances LTP in CA1 pyramidal neurons at nanomolar concentrations and exhibits a bell-shaped concentration-response curve. The maximal effect of PREGS on both induction and maintenance phases of LTP is observed at 300 nM and requires 10 min of superfusion. Although PREGS does not change the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) component of the field potentials (fEPSPs) isolated in the presence of 10 microM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) in Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid, PREGS does enhance the response induced by NMDA application (50 microM, 20 sec). PREGS does not modify the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) component of the fEPSPs isolated in the presence of 100 microM DL-2-amino-7-phosphopentanoic acid (DL-AP5) or its potentiation induced by a single tetanic stimulation and the response induced by AMPA application (10 microM, 10 sec). Furthermore, PREGS does not affect the recurrent inhibition of the fEPSPs mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor. In conclusion, this study shows the ability of PREGS to enhance LTP in CA1 by accentuating the activity of NMDA receptors. This modulation of LTP might mediate the steroid-induced enhancement of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sliwinski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 488, Stéroïdes et Système Nerveux, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Darbra S, George O, Bouyer JJ, Piazza PV, Le Moal M, Mayo W. Sleep-wake states and cortical synchronization control by pregnenolone sulfate into the pedunculopontine nucleus. J Neurosci Res 2004; 76:742-7. [PMID: 15139033 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmentum nucleus (PPT) are crucial for initiation and maintenance of electroencephalographic (EEG) desynchronization states like paradoxical sleep and wakefulness. These neurons are regulated by classical neurotransmitter systems from the pontomesencephalic reticular formation and basal ganglia. In addition to this regulation, PPT neuron activity could be modulated by endogenous neurosteroids and particularly by pregnenolone sulfate (PREG-S) because synthesis enzymes of this neurosteroid are present in this area and peripheral administrations of PREG-S affect sleep-wakefulness states. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of different doses of PREG-S infusion into the PPT on sleep-wakefulness states in rats. Our results show dose-dependent effects of PREG-S on sleep-wakefulness states. Low concentration of PREG-S (5 ng) increased the amount of paradoxical sleep without any modification of slow wave sleep and wakefulness. High level of PREG-S (10 and 20 ng) increased paradoxical sleep and slow wave sleep together with an increase of delta power and a decrease of theta power during wakefulness. Dependent on the doses used, PREG-S thus can promote paradoxical sleep alone or the global propensity to fall asleep, impairing the quality of wakefulness. These results unveil a new regulation pathway for PPT neurons and strengthen the role of PREG-S in sleep-wakefulness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Darbra
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Wetzel W, Wagner T, Balschun D. REM sleep enhancement induced by different procedures improves memory retention in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 18:2611-7. [PMID: 14622163 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the idea that sleep following learning is critically involved in memory formation. Recent studies suggest that information acquired during waking is reactivated and possibly consolidated during subsequent sleep, especially during rapid-eye movement (REM) or paradoxical sleep (PS). Critical reviews, however, have questioned PS and memory relationships, particularly because of shortcomings of the PS deprivation paradigm applied in many studies. Therefore, in the present study we used an opposite strategy, i.e. we investigated the effects of PS enhancement on memory retention. In three experiments, we found that selective PS enhancement, induced by different procedures after discrimination training in rats, results in increased retention tested 24 h later. Moreover, calculated in all animals (n = 61), there was a highly significant correlation between post-training PS values and retention scores. Our results suggest that an experimentally induced increase of PS after learning facilitates memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Wetzel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Darnaudéry M, Pallarès M, Piazza PV, Le Moal M, Mayo W. The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate infused into the medial septum nucleus increases hippocampal acetylcholine and spatial memory in rats. Brain Res 2002; 951:237-42. [PMID: 12270502 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an infusion of the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate into the medial septum on acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and on spatial memory were evaluated in two experiments. Results show that pregnenolone sulfate enhanced acetylcholine release by more than 50% of baseline and improved recognition memory of a familiar environment. Therefore, our results suggest that the septo-hippocampal pathway could be involved in the promnesic properties of this neurosteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Darnaudéry
- Laboratoire Stress périnatal et désadaptations comportementales, Université de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Abstract
Neurosteroid production may be a mechanism to counteract the negative effects of stress and return organisms toward homeostasis. Stress induces an increase in neurosteroid production. Neurosteroids affect two of the most widely distributed neurotransmitter and receptor systems in the central nervous system (CNS): gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. This ability of this class of compounds to affect both the primary excitatory and the inhibitory systems in the CNS allows the modulation of a wide array of behaviors. For example, neurosteroids modulate anxiety, cognition, sleep, ingestion, aggression, and reinforcement. In general, neurosteroids that are positive modulators of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors enhance cognitive performance and decrease appetite. Neurosteroids that are positive modulators of GABAA receptors decrease anxiety, increase feeding and sleeping, and exhibit a bimodal effect on aggression that may be secondary to effects on anxiety and cognition. Some data suggest that neurosteroids have reinforcing effects, which could affect their clinical utility. Drug discrimination studies are helping scientists to dissect more closely the receptor systems affected by neurosteroids at the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Engel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, USA
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