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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3471-3487. [PMID: 37668758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused due to the perturbations in the oxidant-antioxidant system can damage molecules and cause cellular alteration leading to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. This study was designed and performed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of an alkaloid, gramine on H2O2-induced oxidative stress on HEK 293 cells. Cell viability and morphometric analysis of cells treated with H2O2 and gramine were studied. Oxidative stress and inflammatory and antioxidant enzymes such as ROS, LPO, NO, SOD, GSH, and CAT were analyzed. Furthermore, mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and COX-2 was also evaluated. H2O2 at concentration > 0.3 mM and gramine at concentration > 80 μg/mL affect the proliferation. Viability and morphometric analysis showed that gramine has protective effects. Treating cells with gramine suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory enzymes, whereas antioxidant enzymes were enhanced. SOD and CAT mRNA levels were overexpressed and COX-2 mRNA levels were decreased in the treated groups. Gramine possesses effective antioxidant potential and can regulate oxidative stress and damages associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M Sabi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouf O AlAfaleq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Mujamammi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia T Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad M Althafar
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi S Bin Dahman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, 50511, Yemen
| | - Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Maddock Carlin KR, Steadham E, Huff-Lonergan E, Lonergan SM. Formation of the calpain-1/calpastatin complex promotes activation of calpain-1 under oxidizing conditions. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae135. [PMID: 38738874 PMCID: PMC11161899 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Calpains are cysteine proteinases responsible for many biological roles in muscle, including protein degradation, muscle growth, and myoblast fusion. Calpains are inhibited by calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor. Other factors, such as variations in pH, ionic strength, and oxidation influence calpain activity. This study aimed to determine the extent to which oxidation influences calpastatin inhibition of calpain-1. A series of order of addition assays were used to determine calpain-1 calcium activation and autolysis after exposure to an oxidizing agent (n-ethylmaleimide [NEM] or hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]. In the first series, purified calpastatin was added to the assay before or after oxidizing exposure at 165 mM NaCl, pH 6.5. In the second series, incubation buffer ionic strength (165 mM or 295 mM NaCl) was evaluated. The inhibitory activities of purified porcine calpastatin, purified human calpastatin domain I, or a subdomain B inhibitor peptide were evaluated in the third series. In the fourth series, a maleimide-polyethylene glycol molecule (MAL-PEG; MW = 5,000 Dalton) was used to evaluate the accessibility of free sulfhydryl groups and tagging of calpain-1 under each condition through a molecular weight shift assay. Results from this study indicate that autolysis of calpain-1, when used as an indicator of activation, occurred when the calpain-1/calpastatin complex was exposed to an oxidant or cysteine modifier such as NEM. However, when calpain-1 was exposed to the cysteine modifier before calpastatin, autolysis of calpain-1 did not occur or was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Irreversible modification of cysteine residues by NEM prevented activation of calpain-1 in the absence of calpastatin, but if the cysteine modification is potentially reversible (H2O2), calpain-1 activity can be recovered. Results from this study indicate that when calpastatin is bound to calpain-1, calpain-1 activation can occur even after being exposed to a cysteine modifier (NEM) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Calpain-1 is not tagged with maleimide-polyethylene glycol (MAL-PEG) in the presence of calpastatin, indicating that calpastatin blocks or covers free cysteines on calpain-1 from modification. Moreover, exposure to calpain-1/calpastatin complex with a cysteine modifier allows activation of calpain-1, indicating that the inhibitory action of calpastatin is compromised. These results indicate a regulatory role for calpastatin that is not inhibitory but protective for calpain-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Steadham
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | | | - Steven M Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
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3
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Blue EE, White JJ, Dush MK, Gordon WW, Wyatt BH, White P, Marvin CT, Helle E, Ojala T, Priest JR, Jenkins MM, Almli LM, Reefhuis J, Pangilinan F, Brody LC, McBride KL, Garg V, Shaw GM, Romitti PA, Nembhard WN, Browne ML, Werler MM, Kay DM, Mital S, Chong JX, Nascone-Yoder NM, Bamshad MJ. Rare variants in CAPN2 increase risk for isolated hypoplastic left heart syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100232. [PMID: 37663545 PMCID: PMC10474499 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart defect (CHD) characterized by hypoplasia of the left ventricle and aorta along with stenosis or atresia of the aortic and mitral valves. HLHS represents only ∼4%-8% of all CHDs but accounts for ∼25% of deaths. HLHS is an isolated defect (i.e., iHLHS) in 70% of families, the vast majority of which are simplex. Despite intense investigation, the genetic basis of iHLHS remains largely unknown. We performed exome sequencing on 331 families with iHLHS aggregated from four independent cohorts. A Mendelian-model-based analysis demonstrated that iHLHS was not due to single, large-effect alleles in genes previously reported to underlie iHLHS or CHD in >90% of families in this cohort. Gene-based association testing identified increased risk for iHLHS associated with variation in CAPN2 (p = 1.8 × 10-5), encoding a protein involved in functional adhesion. Functional validation studies in a vertebrate animal model (Xenopus laevis) confirmed CAPN2 is essential for cardiac ventricle morphogenesis and that in vivo loss of calpain function causes hypoplastic ventricle phenotypes and suggest that human CAPN2707C>T and CAPN21112C>T variants, each found in multiple individuals with iHLHS, are hypomorphic alleles. Collectively, our findings show that iHLHS is typically not a Mendelian condition, demonstrate that CAPN2 variants increase risk of iHLHS, and identify a novel pathway involved in HLHS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael K. Dush
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - William W. Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brent H. Wyatt
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Peter White
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colby T. Marvin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emmi Helle
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ojala
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James R. Priest
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary M. Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lynn M. Almli
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Faith Pangilinan
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence C. Brody
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Marilyn L. Browne
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Martha M. Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise M. Kay
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - National Birth Defects Prevention Study
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seema Mital
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
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5
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Kafoud A, Salahuddin Z, Ibrahim RS, Al-Janahi R, Mazurakova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Potential Treatment Options for Neuroblastoma with Polyphenols through Anti-Proliferative and Apoptotic Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2023; 13:563. [PMID: 36979499 PMCID: PMC10046851 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial tumor of the peripheral nervous system arising from neural crest cells. It is the most common malignancy in infants and the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The current treatment for high-risk NB involves chemotherapy and surgical resection followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue and radiation treatment. However, those with high-risk NB are susceptible to relapse and the long-term side effects of standard chemotherapy. Polyphenols, including the sub-class of flavonoids, contain more than one aromatic ring with hydroxyl groups. The literature demonstrates their utility in inducing the apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells, mostly in vitro and some in vivo. This review explores the use of various polyphenols outlined in primary studies, underlines the pathways involved in apoptotic activity, and discusses the dosage and delivery of these polyphenols. Primary studies were obtained from multiple databases with search the terms "neuroblastoma", "flavonoid", and "apoptosis". The in vitro studies showed that polyphenols exert an apoptotic effect on several NB cell lines. These polyphenols include apigenin, genistein, didymin, rutin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, butein, bisphenols, and various plant extracts. The mechanisms of the therapeutic effects include calpain-dependent pathways, receptor-mediated apoptosis, and, notably, and most frequently, mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, including the mitochondrial proteins Bax and Bcl-2. Overall, polyphenols demonstrate potency in decreasing NB proliferation and inducing apoptosis, indicating significant potential for further in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Kafoud
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Zoya Salahuddin
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Raghad Sabaawi Ibrahim
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Reem Al-Janahi
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
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Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Ramos-Mondragón R, Canugovi C, Stevenson MD, Herron TJ, Hummel SL, Figueroa CA, Bowles DE, Isom LL, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to diastolic dysfunction through impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102474. [PMID: 36183542 PMCID: PMC9530618 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction (DD) underlies heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a clinical syndrome associated with aging that is becoming more prevalent. Despite extensive clinical studies, no effective treatment exists for HFpEF. Recent findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of DD, but molecular mechanisms underpinning redox-sensitive cardiac remodeling in DD remain obscure. Using transgenic mice with mitochondria-targeted NOX4 overexpression (Nox4TG618) as a model, we demonstrate that NOX4-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress induces DD in mice as measured by increased E/E', isovolumic relaxation time, Tau Glantz and reduced dP/dtmin while EF is preserved. In Nox4TG618 mice, fragmentation of cardiomyocyte mitochondria, increased DRP1 phosphorylation, decreased expression of MFN2, and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in the myocardium are associated with lower ATP-driven and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, a decrease in respiratory reserve, and a decrease in citrate synthase and Complex I activities. Transgenic mice have an increased concentration of TGFβ and osteopontin in LV lysates, as well as MCP-1 in plasma, which correlates with a higher percentage of LV myocardial periostin- and ACTA2-positive cells compared with wild-type mice. Accordingly, the levels of ECM as measured by Picrosirius Red staining as well as interstitial deposition of collagen I are elevated in the myocardium of Nox4TG618 mice. The LV tissue of Nox4TG618 mice also exhibited increased ICaL current, calpain 2 expression, and altered/disrupted Z-disc structure. As it pertains to human pathology, similar changes were found in samples of LV from patients with DD. Finally, treatment with GKT137831, a specific NOX1 and NOX4 inhibitor, or overexpression of mCAT attenuated myocardial fibrosis and prevented DD in the Nox4TG618 mice. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to DD by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, activation of fibroblasts, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix, which leads to interstitial fibrosis and passive stiffness of the myocardium. Further, mitochondrial oxidative stress increases cardiomyocyte Ca2+ influx, which worsens CM relaxation and raises the LV filling pressure in conjunction with structural proteolytic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lozhkin
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - R Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandrika Canugovi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Mark D Stevenson
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Alberto Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA.
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Ahrabi B, Abbaszadeh HA, Piryaei A, Shekari F, Ahmady Roozbahany N, Rouhollahi M, Azam Sayahpour F, Ahrabi M, Azimi H, Moghadasali R. Autophagy-induced mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated renal fibrosis in an in vitro model. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 13:359-372. [PMID: 37736337 PMCID: PMC10509741 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic and progressive damage to the kidney by inflammatory processes, may lead to an increase in the extracellular matrix production, a condition known as renal fibrosis. The current study aims to evaluate if the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from autophagic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can reduce the inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in damaged kidney tissue. Methods Autophagy was induced in ADMSCs using 2µM concentration curcumin and was confirmed by evaluating LC3B, ATG7, and Beclin1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. An in vitro renal fibrotic model was established in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 (0.8mM) for 24 and 72 hours. The fibrotic model was confirmed through evaluation of collagen I, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, and vimentin genes expression using real-time PCR, collagen I protein by ELISA. After induction of fibrosis for 24 and 72 hours, the HEK cells were treated with NEVs (non-autophagy EVs) (50µM) or AEVs (autophagy EVs) (50µM) at 48, 96, and 124 hours, and then the samples were collected at 72 and 148 hours. Expression of collagen I, TGF-β1, E-cadherin, and vimentin Genes was evaluated via RT-PCR, and protein levels of IL1, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 using ELISA. Results Induction of autophagy using curcumin (2µM) for 24 hours significantly increased LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG7 in the ADMSCs. Upregulation in anti-fibrotic (E-cadherin) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) gene expression was significantly different in the fibrotic model treated by AEVs compared to NEVs. Also, the downregulation of fibrotic (TGF-β1, vimentin, collagen I) and pro-inflammatory (IL1, TNFα) gene expression was significantly different in AEVs compared with those treated by NEVs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AEVs can be considered as a therapeutic modality for renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Rouhollahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Azimi
- Department of English Language Teaching, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Brunet AA, Harvey AR, Carvalho LS. Primary and Secondary Cone Cell Death Mechanisms in Inherited Retinal Diseases and Potential Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020726. [PMID: 35054919 PMCID: PMC8775779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a leading cause of blindness. To date, 260 disease-causing genes have been identified, but there is currently a lack of available and effective treatment options. Cone photoreceptors are responsible for daylight vision but are highly susceptible to disease progression, the loss of cone-mediated vision having the highest impact on the quality of life of IRD patients. Cone degeneration can occur either directly via mutations in cone-specific genes (primary cone death), or indirectly via the primary degeneration of rods followed by subsequent degeneration of cones (secondary cone death). How cones degenerate as a result of pathological mutations remains unclear, hindering the development of effective therapies for IRDs. This review aims to highlight similarities and differences between primary and secondary cone cell death in inherited retinal diseases in order to better define cone death mechanisms and further identify potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A. Brunet
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Lions Eye Institute Ltd., 2 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-423-359-714
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Livia S. Carvalho
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Lions Eye Institute Ltd., 2 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Tsamou M, Pistollato F, Roggen EL. A Tau-Driven Adverse Outcome Pathway Blueprint Toward Memory Loss in Sporadic (Late-Onset) Alzheimer's Disease with Plausible Molecular Initiating Event Plug-Ins for Environmental Neurotoxicants. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:459-485. [PMID: 33843671 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is dramatically increasing. Aging and genetics are important risk factors, but systemic and environmental factors contribute to this risk in a still poorly understood way. Within the frame of BioMed21, the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept for toxicology was recommended as a tool for enhancing human disease research and accelerating translation of data into human applications. Its potential to capture biological knowledge and to increase mechanistic understanding about human diseases has been substantiated since. In pursuit of the tau-cascade hypothesis, a tau-driven AOP blueprint toward the adverse outcome of memory loss is proposed. Sequences of key events and plausible key event relationships, triggered by the bidirectional relationship between brain cholesterol and glucose dysmetabolism, and contributing to memory loss are captured. To portray how environmental factors may contribute to sAD progression, information on chemicals and drugs, that experimentally or epidemiologically associate with the risk of AD and mechanistically link to sAD progression, are mapped on this AOP. The evidence suggests that chemicals may accelerate disease progression by plugging into sAD relevant processes. The proposed AOP is a simplified framework of key events and plausible key event relationships representing one specific aspect of sAD pathology, and an attempt to portray chemical interference. Other sAD-related AOPs (e.g., Aβ-driven AOP) and a better understanding of the impact of aging and genetic polymorphism are needed to further expand our mechanistic understanding of early AD pathology and the potential impact of environmental and systemic risk factors.
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Tang Y, Li Y, Yu G, Ling Z, Zhong K, Zilundu PLM, Li W, Fu R, Zhou LH. MicroRNA-137-3p Protects PC12 Cells Against Oxidative Stress by Downregulation of Calpain-2 and nNOS. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1373-1387. [PMID: 32594381 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and insufficient antioxidant defenses contribute to a range of neurodegenerative diseases. High ROS levels damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids, leading to neuron vulnerability and eventual death. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the ROS regulation is not fully elucidated. Recently, an increasing number of studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as the targets in regulating oxidative stress. We recently reported the neuroprotective effect of miR-137-3p for brachial plexus avulsion-induced motoneuron death. The present study is sought to investigate whether miR-137-3p also could protect PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced neurotoxicity. By using cell viability assay, ROS assay, gene and protein expression assay, we found that PC-12 cells exposed to H2O2 exhibited decreased cell viability, increased expression levels of calpain-2 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), whereas a decreased miR-137-3p expression. Importantly, restoring the miR-137-3p levels in H2O2 exposure robustly inhibited the elevated nNOS, calpain-2 and ROS expression levels, which subsequently improved the cell viability. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of miR-137-3p on the elevated ROS level under oxidative stress was considerably blunted when we mutated the binding site of calpain-2 targted by miR-137-3p, suggesting the critical role of calpain-2 involving the neuroprotective effect of miR-137-3p. Collectively, these findings highlight the neuroprotective role of miR-137-3p through down-regulating calpain and NOS activity, suggesting its potential role for combating oxidative stress insults in the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 51900, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Prince L M Zilundu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfu Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Gu Z, Jia R, He Q, Cao L, Du J, Feng W, Jeney G, Xu P, Yin G. Alteration of lipid metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis and immune response in the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after long-term exposure to bisphenol A. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111923. [PMID: 33493725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), as a phenolic compound, is harmful to human health, and its residue in the aquatic environment also threatens the health of aquatic animals. In this research, the toxicity effects of BPA on liver tissues were evaluated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after long-term exposure. Fish were exposed to five concentrations of BPA (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 2 mg/L) for 30 days. The blood and liver tissues were gathered to analyze biochemical indices and genes transcription levels. The data related to lipid metabolism showed that BPA exposure increased serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, upregulated the expressions of fatp1, pparγ, fas, atgl, hsl, pparα, cpt1b, acox-1, and downregulated the expression of dgat1 in liver. Antioxidative parameters displayed a reduced antioxidant ability and increased lipid peroxidation after BPA exposure. Meanwhile, the upregulations of nrf2, ho-1, cyp1a and cyp1b genes revealed an adaptive response mechanism against oxidative stress-induced adverse effects. After 30 days of exposure, BPA induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) via upregulating the expression levels of apoptosis and ERS-related genes and increasing Ca2+ concentration in liver. Moreover, the downregulation of mtor and the upregulation of atg3, atg7, tfeb, uvrag and mcoln1 indicated that BPA could influence the normal process of autophagy. Furthermore, BPA exposure activated toll like receptors (TLRs) pathway to mediate the inflammatory response. Our results demonstrated that BPA exposure disturbed lipid metabolism, and induced oxidative stress, ERS, apoptosis, autophagy and inflammatory response in the liver of common carp. These findings contributed to the understanding of hepatotoxicity mechanism induced by BPA in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Qin He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Galina Jeney
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; National Agricultural Research Center, Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Anna Light 8, Szarvas 5440, Hungary
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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12
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Kwon HH, Lee JS, Park H, Shin J, Yin Y, Shin N, Shin HJ, Hwang JA, Kim DW, Kang JW. Vitamin E reduces spasms caused by prenatal stress by lowering calpain expression. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107609. [PMID: 33257295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress increases the susceptibility of infants to seizures and is known to be associated with oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that vitamin E has beneficial effects in various neurological diseases due to its antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the relationship between prenatal stress and vitamin E treatment on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced spasms. METHODS We used pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats and induced prenatal stress with an injection of betamethasone on G15. They were then treated orally with 200 mg/kg vitamin E or saline twice a day from G15-G21. On postnatal day 15, NMDA was administered to trigger spasms in offspring. The total number of spasms and latency to the first spasm were recorded. We also measured oxidative stress in the medial cortex using western blot, and calpain activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH)/GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and nitric oxide (NO) assays. RESULTS We observed that rats treated with vitamin E while exposed to prenatal stress demonstrated reduced total number and frequency of spasms. Expression of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and K+/Cl- co-transporter (KCC2) were reduced after prenatal stress; this recovered in the vitamin E treated group. Further, expression of calpain 2 was decreased and various markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH/GSSG, SOD, catalase, and NO) were reduced in the vitamin E treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that vitamin E lowers oxidative stress and decreases seizure susceptibility in rat offspring exposed to prenatal stress. Given the well-known safety profile of vitamin E, these results indicate its potential as a strategy for preventing seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Won Kang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Li Y, Fang Z, Huang D, Yang Y, Zhao D, Hang M, Wang J. The effect of Malus doumeri leaf flavonoids on oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:276. [PMID: 32917204 PMCID: PMC7488428 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, Malus doumeri leaf flavonoids (MDLF) were used as the research object to observe their in vitro antioxidant stress ability. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress in 293 T cells. METHODS MTT, flow cytometry, and qPCR were used to verify the effect of MDLF. RESULTS In vitro cell experiments showed that at a concentration of 0-160 μg/mL, MDLF did not affect the normal proliferation of human embryonic kidney 293 T cells (HEK 293 T cells), and MDLF had no cytotoxic effect in this concentration range. It was found that MDLF could maintain the survival of HEK 293 T cells (82.6%) at a high concentration (160 μg/mL). Morphological observation also found that MDLF can inhibit the cell structure imperfection caused by H2O2. It was also observed that MDLF could significantly increase the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that MDLF could significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of CAT, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulate the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 associated x protein (Bax), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in oxidative stress-injured cells. The HPLC analysis showed that MDLF contained hyperin, isoquercetin, quercitrin, hesperidin, myricetin, baicalin and quercetin. CONCLUSION From the experimental results, it was observed that MDLF has a strong anti-oxidation ability in vitro, and it can interfere with the oxidative stress damage caused by H2O2 in 293 T cells. Therefore, MDLF is a type of natural substance with good anti-oxidant effect, and it has the potential to interfere with many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Pharmacy Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Li
- Pharmacy Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhie Fang
- Pharmacy Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Huang
- Pharmacy Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Pharmacy Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dijia Zhao
- Pharmacy Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Hang
- Pharmacy Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junda Wang
- Radiology Department of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China.
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Duong P, Tenkorang MAA, Trieu J, McCuiston C, Rybalchenko N, Cunningham RL. Neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes of androgens and estrogens in an oxidative stress environment. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 32223745 PMCID: PMC7104511 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-0283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of sex hormones on cellular function is unclear. Studies show androgens and estrogens are protective in the CNS, whereas other studies found no effects or damaging effects. Furthermore, sex differences have been observed in multiple oxidative stress-associated CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and Parkinson's disease. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between sex hormones (i.e., androgens and estrogens) and oxidative stress on cell viability. METHODS N27 and PC12 neuronal and C6 glial phenotypic cell lines were used. N27 cells are female rat derived, whereas PC12 cells and C6 cells are male rat derived. These cells express estrogen receptors and the membrane-associated androgen receptor variant, AR45, but not the full-length androgen receptor. N27, PC12, and C6 cells were exposed to sex hormones either before or after an oxidative stressor to examine neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties, respectively. Estrogen receptor and androgen receptor inhibitors were used to determine the mechanisms mediating hormone-oxidative stress interactions on cell viability. Since the presence of AR45 in the human brain tissue was unknown, we examined the postmortem brain tissue from men and women for AR45 protein expression. RESULTS Neither androgens nor estrogens were protective against subsequent oxidative stress insults in glial cells. However, these hormones exhibited neuroprotective properties in neuronal N27 and PC12 cells via the estrogen receptor. Interestingly, a window of opportunity exists for sex hormone neuroprotection, wherein temporary hormone deprivation blocked neuroprotection by sex hormones. However, if sex hormones are applied following an oxidative stressor, they exacerbated oxidative stress-induced cell loss in neuronal and glial cells. CONCLUSIONS Sex hormone action on cell viability is dependent on the cellular environment. In healthy neuronal cells, sex hormones are protective against oxidative stress insults via the estrogen receptor, regardless of sex chromosome complement (XX, XY). However, in unhealthy (e.g., high oxidative stress) cells, sex hormones exacerbated oxidative stress-induced cell loss, regardless of cell type or sex chromosome complement. The non-genomic AR45 receptor, which is present in humans, mediated androgen's damaging effects, but it is unknown which receptor mediated estrogen's damaging effects. These differential effects of sex hormones that are dependent on the cellular environment, receptor profile, and cell type may mediate the observed sex differences in oxidative stress-associated CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Duong
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Mavis A A Tenkorang
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Jenny Trieu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Clayton McCuiston
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Nataliya Rybalchenko
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3400 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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15
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Calpain suppresses cell growth and invasion of glioblastoma multiforme by producing the cleavage of filamin A. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1055-1066. [PMID: 32103382 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamin A is the most widely expressed isoform of filamin in mammalian tissues. It can be hydrolyzed by Calpain, producing a 90-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment (ABP90). Calpeptin is a chemical inhibitor of Calpain, which can inhibit this effect. It has been shown that ABP90 acts as a transcription factor which is involved in mediating cell signaling. However, the significance of ABP90 and its clinical signature with underlying mechanisms have not been well studied in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). METHODS ABP90 protein was measured in 36 glioma patients by Western blot. Human GBM cell lines U87 and A172 were used to clarify the precise role of ABP90. CCK-8 assay was used to analyze the cell viability. Transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay were used to analyze the migration and invasion. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2/TIMP2) protein was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS ABP90 protein expression was lower in GBM tissues. The patients with low ABP90 protein expression had a shorter OS time (p = 0.046). After being treated with Calpain, the expression of ABP90 was upregulated, which led to a decline of cell viability, enhanced the efficacy of temozolomide and restrained the cell invasion. Calpeptin could inhibit the effect. The mechanism might be involved in the balance of MMP2/TIMP2. CONCLUSIONS Our present data suggest that ABP90 expression is a significant prognostic factor and may play an important role in cell viability, chemotherapeutic sensitivity and invasion of GBM.
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Qin J, Deng X, Lei Y, Liu P, Lu S, Zhang J. Effects of µ-calpain oxidation on Coregonus peled myofibrillar protein degradation in vitro. J Food Sci 2020; 85:682-688. [PMID: 31999363 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of µ-calpain oxidation on Coregonus peled myofibrillar protein degradation. In the present study, a hydroxyl radical oxidation system was selected to investigate oxidative modification on µ-calpain activity and its degradation on C. peled myofibrillar protein. When subjected to oxidation, the carbonyl content of µ-calpain significantly increased with the increasing of oxidation levels, and oxidation modification promoted the µ-calpain activity. Incubation of C. peled myofibrillar protein with oxidized µ-calpain resulted in the enhanced degradation of myosin heavy chains, actin, and troponin T, but the degradation of desmin at higher levels of oxidation was slightly inhibited, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. This study suggests that oxidation treatment of µ-calpain could accelerate myofibrillar proteolysis through regulating the enzyme activity during postmortem aging. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Endogenous proteases, especially µ-calpain, are reported to be involved in fish softening during early postmortem storage, which is critical to muscle quality. The cysteine residues of proteins are particularly sensitive to oxidation. The investigation of the effect of oxidation on µ-calpain (a cysteine protease) activity allows for the monitoring of its role in the postmortem proteolysis of fish myofibrils and the associated softening of fish meat, in an attempt to minimize this softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Qin
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China
| | | | - Yongdong Lei
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China.,Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shiling Lu
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China
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Fraser MS, Dauphinee AN, Gunawardena AHLAN. Determining the effect of calcium on cell death rate and perforation formation during leaf development in the novel model system, the lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis). J Microsc 2019; 278:132-144. [PMID: 31875955 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the destruction of unwanted cells through an intracellularly mediated process. Perforation formation in the lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) provides an excellent model for studying developmentally regulated PCD. Ca2+ fluxes have previously been identified as important signals for PCD in plants and mammals. The fundamental goal of this project was to determine the influence of Ca2+ on the rate of cell death and perforation formation during leaf development in the lace plant. This was investigated using the application of various known calcium modulators including lanthanum III chloride (LaCl3 ), ruthenium red and calcium ionophore A23187. Detached lace plant leaves at an early stage of development were treated with these modulators in both short- and long-term exposure assays and analysed using live cell imaging. Results from this study indicate that calcium plays a vital role in developmentally regulated PCD in the lace plant as application of the modulators significantly altered the rate of cell death and perforation formation during leaf development. In conclusion, this study exemplifies the suitability of the lace plant for live cell imaging and detached leaf experiments to study cell death and provides insight into the importance of Ca2+ in developmentally regulated PCD in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian N Dauphinee
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Current address: Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Yang YC, Wu WT, Mong MC, Wang ZH. Gynura bicolor aqueous extract attenuated H 2O 2 induced injury in PC12 cells. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2019; 9:12. [PMID: 31124458 PMCID: PMC6533937 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protective effects of Gynura bicolor aqueous extract (GAE) at three concentrations upon nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiated-PC12 cells against H2O2 induced injury were examined. METHODS NGF differentiated-PC12 cells were treated with GAE at 0.25%, 0.5% or 1%. 100 μM H2O2 was used to treat cells with GAE pre-treatments. After incubating at 37 °C for 12 hr, experimental analyses were processed. RESULTS H2O2 exposure decreased cell viability, increased plasma membrane damage, suppressed Bcl-2 mRNA expression and enhanced Bax mRNA expression. GAE pre-treatments reversed these changes. H2O2 exposure reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, lowered Na+-K+-ATPase activity, and increased DNA fragmentation and Ca2+ release. GAE pre-treatments attenuated these alterations. H2O2 stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lowered glutathione content, and reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase activities. GAE pretreatments maintained GPX and catalase activities; and concentration-dependently diminished the generation of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. H2O2 enhanced mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa (NF-κ) B and p38. GAE pre-treatments decreased mRNA expression of NF-κB and p38. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that GAE might be a potent neuronal protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tzu Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Mong
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan - Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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19
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Randriamboavonjy V, Kyselova A, Fleming I. Redox Regulation of Calpains: Consequences on Vascular Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1011-1026. [PMID: 30266074 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calpains (CAPNs) are a family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. The ubiquitous isoforms CAPN1 and CAPN2 have been involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity, but uncontrolled CAPN activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Recent Advances: It is well accepted that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with the development of vascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that ROS can also affect the CAPN activity, suggesting CAPN as a potential link between oxidative stress and vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES The physiopathological relevance of ROS in regulating the CAPN activity is not fully understood but seems to involve direct effects on CAPNs, redox modifications of CAPN substrates, as well as indirect effect on CAPNs via changes in Ca2+ levels. Finally, CAPNs can also stimulate ROS production; however, data showing in which context ROS are the causes or the consequences of CAPN activation are missing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the different members of the CAPN system by specific ROS would help understanding the pathophysiological role of CAPN in the modulation of the vascular function. Moreover, given that CAPNs have been found in different cellular compartments such as mitochondria and nucleus as well as in the extracellular space, identification of new CAPN targets as well as their functional consequences would add new insights in the function of these enigmatic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kyselova
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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20
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Singh A, Verma P, Raju A, Mohanakumar KP. Nimodipine attenuates the parkinsonian neurotoxin, MPTP-induced changes in the calcium binding proteins, calpain and calbindin. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:89-94. [PMID: 29427747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated neuroprotective abilities of nimodipine, an L-type voltage dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). To understand the calcium regulatory mechanisms in the disease pathogenesis, the present study examined calcium regulatory proteins calbindin and calpain mRNA and protein levels employing quantitative PCR and western blot in 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cell lines and in the striatum of mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). mRNA and protein levels of calbindin were lower, while that of calpain were higher in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-treated mouse striatum as compared to their respective controls. Nimodipine pretreatment significantly attenuated these effects in the parkinsonian neurotoxin-treated SH-SY5Y cell line and in the mouse striatum. The activities of the apoptotic mediator, caspase-3 and calpain were increased in the neurotoxin-treated groups as compared to their respective controls, which was ameliorated by nimodipine pretreatment. These results suggest that parkinsonian neurotoxin-mediated dopaminergic neuronal death might involve defects in calcium regulatory proteins that control intracellular calcium homeostasis, and these could be corrected by inhibiting L-type VDCC activity. These findings support the notion that hypertensive patients who are on long-term intake of dihydropyridine have reduced risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Poonam Verma
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Anu Raju
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032, India; Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India.
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21
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High altitude mediated skeletal muscle atrophy: Protective role of curcumin. Biochimie 2019; 156:138-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Lee CW, Chi MC, Chang TM, Liu JF. Artocarpin induces cell apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13157-13168. [PMID: 30549031 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, because of side effects and drug resistance in chemotherapy and the insufficiency of an effective adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma, it is necessary to research novel treatments. This study was the first to investigate the anticancer effects of the flavonoid derivative artocarpin in osteosarcoma. Artocarpin induced cell apoptosis in three human osteosarcoma cell lines-U2OS, MG63, and HOS. Artocarpin was also associated with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction was followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and accompanied by decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and increased proapoptotic protein Bak and Bax. Artocarpin triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by changes in cytosol calcium levels and increased glucose-regulated protein 78 and 94 expressions, and also increased calpains expression and activity. Animal studies revealed a dramatic 40% reduction in tumor volume after 18 days of treatment. This study demonstrated a novel anticancer activity of artocarpin against human osteosarcoma cells and in murine tumor models. In summary, artocarpin significantly induced cell apoptosis through ROS, ER stress, mitochondria, and the caspase pathway, and may thus be a novel anticancer treatment for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Ming Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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23
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Gu H, Li N, Dai J, Xi Y, Wang S, Wang J. Synthesis and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Novel Bivalent β-Carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives with DNA as a Potential Target. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3179. [PMID: 30326662 PMCID: PMC6214108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel bivalent β-carboline derivatives were designed and synthesized, and in vitro cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, and DNA-binding affinity were evaluated. The cytotoxic results demonstrated that most bivalent β-carboline derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than the corresponding monomer against the five selected tumor cell lines (A549, SGC-7901, Hela, SMMC-7721, and MCF-7), indicating that the dimerization at the C³ position could enhance the antitumor activity of β-carbolines. Among the derivatives tested, 4B, 6i, 4D, and 6u displayed considerable cytotoxicity against A549 cell line. Furthermore, 4B, 6i, 4D, and 6u induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and caused cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Moreover, the levels of cytochrome C in mitochondria, and the expressions of bcl-2 protein, decreased after treatment with β-carbolines, which indicated that 6i and 6u could induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the results of UV-visible spectral, thermal denaturation, and molecular docking studies revealed that 4B, 6i, 4D, and 6u could bind to DNA mainly by intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Gu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiangkun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yaxi Xi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shijun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
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24
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Dwivedi DK, Kumar D, Kwatra M, Pandey SN, Choubey P, Lahkar M, Jangra A. Voluntary alcohol consumption exacerbated high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits by NF-κB-calpain dependent apoptotic cell death in rat hippocampus: Ameliorative effect of melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1393-1403. [PMID: 30372842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern sedentary lifestyle with altered dietary habits imposes the risk of human health towards several metabolic disorders such as obesity. The metabolic insults negatively affect the mental health status and quality life of affected individuals. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on the cognitive and neurochemical deficits induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) and alcohol (ALC) alone or in combination (HFD + ALC) in rats. Male Wistar rats were given ALC (3-15% i.e. increased gradually) and HFD for 12 weeks in different experimental groups. After 12 weeks, we found that simultaneous consumption of HFD and ALC exacerbates cognitive dysfunction and neurochemical anomalies. However, melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) treatment for four weeks significantly prevented memory deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC groups. RT-PCR analysis showed down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in ALC and HFD + ALC groups. Moreover, caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) mRNA expression level were found up-regulated in hippocampus of HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC groups. However, calpain expression was found up-regulated only in the hippocampus of HFD + ALC group. Chronic treatment with melatonin significantly restored the aberrant gene expression level in HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC group. In conclusion, our findings indicated that melatonin can mitigate the HFD and ALC-induced cognitive deficits via attenuation of oxidative stress and calpain-1 dependent as well as independent caspase-3 mediated neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Surya Narayan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Priyansha Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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25
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Astaxanthin attenuates neuroinflammation contributed to the neuropathic pain and motor dysfunction following compression spinal cord injury. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:217-224. [PMID: 30243665 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition in which inflammatory responses in the secondary phase of injury leads to long lasting sensory-motor dysfunction. The medicinal therapy of SCI complications is still a clinical challenge. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying the progress of damage will help to find new therapeutic candidates. Astaxanthin (AST) is a ketocarotenoid which has shown anti-inflammatory effects in models of traumatic brain injury. In the present study, we examined its potential in the elimination of SCI damage through glutamatergic-phospo p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) signaling pathway. Inflammatory response, histopathological changes and sensory-motor function were also investigated in a severe compression model of SCI in male rats. The results of acetone drop and inclined plane tests indicated the promising role of AST in improving sensory and motor function of SCI rats. AST decreased the expression of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and p-p38MAPK as inflammatory signaling mediators as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as an inflammatory cytokine, following compression SCI. The histopathological study culminated in preserved white mater and motor neurons beyond the injury level in rostral and caudal parts. The results show the potential of AST to inhibit glutamate-initiated signaling pathway and inflammatory reactions in the secondary phase of SCI, and suggest it as a promising candidate to enhance functional recovery after SCI.
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26
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Li W, Liu BD, Liao K, Liu Y, Wan ZJ, Dong YF, Cao QQ, Zhu Q, Gu X. Alteration of Androgen Receptor Protein Stability by Triptolide in LNCaP Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54030039. [PMID: 30344270 PMCID: PMC6122114 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Although triptolide was effective for prostate cancer (PCa), the mechanism is still unclear. Androgen receptor (AR) plays a large role in the development and progression of PCa, even after castration. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of triptolide on AR protein stability and the possible mechanism. Materials and Methods: By blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX), the effect of triptolide on AR protein stability was investigated with western blot assay. The potential role of calpains in triptolide reduced AR protein stability was investigated with calpain inhibitor and Ca2+ chelator. Results: Triptolide down-regulated AR protein level when protein synthesis was blocked by CHX, demonstrating the decrease of AR protein stability. The AR protein level was restored when the cells were co-treated with triptolide and calpain inhibitor or Ca2+ chelator, indicating the important role of calpains. Conclusions: The results indicate that triptolide can activate calpain via promoting intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, and thus decrease the stability of AR protein, subsequently resulting in the breakdown of the AR protein in LNCaP cells. This work provides an experimental basis and evidence to elucidate the anti-PCa mechanisms of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Bi-De Liu
- People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China.
| | - Kai Liao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Zi-Jin Wan
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Yu-Fen Dong
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Qian-Qian Cao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Qian Zhu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Xiao Gu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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27
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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28
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Chinese patent medicine Xin-Ke-Shu inhibits Ca 2+ overload and dysfunction of fatty acid β -oxidation in rats with myocardial infarction induced by LAD ligation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1079:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Lin X, Zhao Y, Li S. Astaxanthin attenuates glutamate-induced apoptosis via inhibition of calcium influx and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 806:43-51. [PMID: 28400209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid that has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. In this study, it was found that AST significantly inhibited glutamate-induced loss of cell viability and apoptosis. AST pretreatment attenuated glutamate-induced activation of caspase-3, reduction of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and increase of pro-apoptotic protein Bak. In addition, AST pretreatment suppressed the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. AST treatment also prevented glutamate-induced increase of the level of activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which has been shown to promote apoptotic events. Furthermore, AST treatment greatly reduced the elevation of intracellular calcium level induced by glutamate and inhibited the activity of calpain, a calcium-dependent protease that plays an important role in mediating apoptosis stimulated by calcium overload in cytoplasm. Both oxidative stress and calcium overload can lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) is a bZIP transcription factor that can be activated by ER stress and promotes apoptosis. Here we found that AST attenuated glutamate-induced elevation of CHOP and ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). Overall, these results suggested that AST might protect cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis through maintaining redox balance and inhibiting glutamate-induced calcium influx and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China.
| | - Shanhe Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
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Calpain inhibitor attenuates ER stress-induced apoptosis in injured spinal cord after bone mesenchymal stem cells transplantation. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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KoraMagazi A, Wang D, Yousef B, Guerram M, Yu F. Rhein triggers apoptosis via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase-4 and intracellular calcium in primary human hepatic HL-7702 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:230-236. [PMID: 27003256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rhein is an active component of rhubarb; a traditional Chinese medicine reported to induce apoptosis and cause liver toxicity. However, rhein's apoptotic-inducing effects, as well as its molecular mechanisms of action on hepatic cells need to be further explored. In the present study, rhein was found to trigger apoptosis in primary human hepatic HL-7702 cells as showed by annexin V/PI double staining assay and nuclear morphological changes demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining. Moreover, it was observed that the mechanism implicated in rhein-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent, presumably via ER-stress associated pathways, as illustrated by up-regulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP 78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Meanwhile, caspase-4 as a hallmark of ER-stress, was also showed to be activated following by caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, rhein also promoted intracellular elevation of calcium that contributed in apoptosis induction. Interestingly, pre-treatment with calpain inhibitor I reduced the effects of rhein on apoptosis induction and JNK activation. These data suggested that rhein-induced apoptosis through ER-stress and elevated intracellular calcium level in HL-7702 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arouna KoraMagazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bashir Yousef
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mounia Guerram
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Efficacy of doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate in apoptosis induction in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species generation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 39:107-18. [PMID: 26611752 PMCID: PMC4820500 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a small molecular cytotoxic agent that can be transferred efficiently to cancer cells by nanocarriers. This anthracycline antibiotic serves as an effective anti-neoplastic drug against both hematological and solid malignancies. Here, we set out to assess the capacity of a novel doxorubicin - transferrin conjugate (DOX-TRF) to provoke apoptosis in human normal and leukemia cells through free radicals produced via a redox cycle of doxorubicin (DOX) when released from its conjugate. Methods After DOX-TRF exposure, we determined the time-course of apoptotic and necrotic events, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as alterations in cytochrome c levels and intracellular calcium concentrations in human leukemia-derived cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K562 and its doxorubicin-resistant derivative K562/DOX) and normal peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results We found that DOX-TRF can induce apoptosis in all leukemia-derived cell lines tested, which was associated with morphological changes and decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential. In comparison to free DOX treated cells, we observed a time-dependency between a higher level of ROS generation and a higher drop in mitochondrial membrane potential, particularly in the doxorubicin-resistant cell line. In addition, we found that the apoptotic cell death induced by DOX-TRF was directly associated with a release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and an increase in intracellular calcium level in all human leukemia-derived cell lines tested. Conclusions Our data indicate that DOX-TRF is considerably more cytotoxic to human leukemia cells than free DOX. In addition, we show that DOX-TRF can effectively produce free radicals, which are directly involved in apoptosis induction.
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Prakash C, Soni M, Kumar V. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:179-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
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Zang Y, Chen SX, Liao GJ, Zhu HQ, Wei XH, Cui Y, Na XD, Pang RP, Xin WJ, Zhou LJ, Liu XG. Calpain-2 contributes to neuropathic pain following motor nerve injury via up-regulating interleukin-6 in DRG neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 44:37-47. [PMID: 25150005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor nerve injury by L5 ventral root transection (L5-VRT) initiates interleukin-6 (IL-6) up-regulation in primary afferent system contributing to neuropathic pain. However, the early upstream regulatory mechanisms of IL-6 after L5-VRT are still unknown. Here, we monitored both the activity of calpain, a calcium-dependent protease suggested as one of the earliest mediators for cytokine regulation, and the expression of IL-6 in bilateral L4-L6 dorsal root ganglias (DRGs) soon after L5-VRT. We found that the protein level of calpain-2 in DRGs, but not calpain-1 was increased transiently in the first 10 min(-1)h ipsilaterally and 20 min(-1)h contralaterally after L5-VRT, long before mechanical allodynia was initiated (5-15 h ipsilaterally and 15 h(-1)d contralaterally). The early activation of calpain evaluated by the generation of spectrin breakdown products (SBDP) correlated well with IL-6 up-regulation in bilateral DRGs. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that almost all the calpain-2 positive neurons expressed IL-6, indicating an association between calpain-2 and IL-6. Inhibition of calpain by pre-treatment with MDL28170 (25mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the rat mechanical allodynia and prevented the early up-regulation of IL-6 following L5-VRT. Addition of exogenous calpain-2 onto the surface of left L5 DRG triggered a temporal allodynia and increased IL-6 in bilateral DRGs simultaneously. Taken together, the early increase of calpain-2 in L5-VRT rats might be responsible for the induction of allodynia via up-regulating IL-6 in DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shao-Xia Chen
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Jie Liao
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pathology, The Red Cross Hospital of Yulin, 1 Jinwang Rd., Yulin 537000, China
| | - He-Quan Zhu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-Hong Wei
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Na
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
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White-Schenk D, Shi R, Leary JF. Nanomedicine strategies for treatment of secondary spinal cord injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:923-38. [PMID: 25673988 PMCID: PMC4321603 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological injury, such as spinal cord injury, has a secondary injury associated with it. The secondary injury results from the biological cascade after the primary injury and affects previous uninjured, healthy tissue. Therefore, the mitigation of such a cascade would benefit patients suffering a primary injury and allow the body to recover more quickly. Unfortunately, the delivery of effective therapeutics is quite limited. Due to the inefficient delivery of therapeutic drugs, nanoparticles have become a major field of exploration for medical applications. Based on their material properties, they can help treat disease by delivering drugs to specific tissues, enhancing detection methods, or a mixture of both. Incorporating nanomedicine into the treatment of neuronal injury and disease would likely push nanomedicine into a new light. This review highlights the various pathological issues involved in secondary spinal cord injury, current treatment options, and the improvements that could be made using a nanomedical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée White-Schenk
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA ; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA ; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA ; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Lynn School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - James F Leary
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA ; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA ; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Lynn School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA ; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Yildiz-Unal A, Korulu S, Karabay A. Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:297-310. [PMID: 25709452 PMCID: PMC4327398 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s78226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-dependent proteolytic enzymes that have deleterious effects on neurons upon their pathological over-activation. According to the results of numerous studies to date, there is no doubt that abnormal calpain activation triggers activation and progression of apoptotic processes in neurodegeneration, leading to neuronal death. Thus, it is very crucial to unravel all the aspects of calpain-mediated neurodegeneration in order to protect neurons through eliminating or at least minimizing its lethal effects. Protecting neurons against calpain-activated apoptosis basically requires developing effective, reliable, and most importantly, therapeutically applicable approaches to succeed. From this aspect, the most significant studies focusing on preventing calpain-mediated neurodegeneration include blocking the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activities, which are closely related to calpain activation; directly inhibiting calpain itself via intrinsic or synthetic calpain inhibitors, or inhibiting its downstream processes; and utilizing the neuroprotectant steroid hormone estrogen and its receptors. In this review, the most remarkable neuroprotective strategies for calpain-mediated neurodegeneration are categorized and summarized with respect to their advantages and disadvantages over one another, in terms of their efficiency and applicability as a therapeutic regimen in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Yildiz-Unal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Sirin Korulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Arzu Karabay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shaafi S, Mahmoudi J, Pashapour A, Farhoudi M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Akbari H. Ketogenic Diet Provides Neuroprotective Effects against Ischemic Stroke Neuronal Damages. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:479-81. [PMID: 25671178 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Many mechanisms contribute in cell death in ischemic stroke. Ketogenic diet which has been successfully used in the drug-resistant epilepsy has been shown to be effective in many other neurologic disorders. The mechanisms underlying of its effects are not well studied, but it seems that its neuroprotective ability is mediated at least through alleviation of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis events. On the basis of these mechanisms, it is postulated that ketogenic diet could provide benefits to treatment of cerebral ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Shaafi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Pashapour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kumar P, Choonara YE, Pillay V. In silico affinity profiling of neuroactive polyphenols for post-traumatic calpain inactivation: a molecular docking and atomistic simulation sensitivity analysis. Molecules 2014; 20:135-68. [PMID: 25546626 PMCID: PMC6272800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-activated nonlysosomal neutral proteases, calpains, are believed to be early mediators of neuronal damage associated with neuron death and axonal degeneration after traumatic neural injuries. In this study, a library of biologically active small molecular weight calpain inhibitors was used for model validation and inhibition site recognition. Subsequently, two natural neuroactive polyphenols, curcumin and quercetin, were tested for their sensitivity and activity towards calpain's proteolytic sequence and compared with the known calpain inhibitors via detailed molecular mechanics (MM), molecular dynamics (MD), and docking simulations. The MM and MD energy profiles (SJA6017 < AK275 < AK295 < PD151746 < quercetin < leupeptin < PD150606 < curcumin < ALLN < ALLM < MDL-28170 < calpeptin) and the docking analysis (AK275 < AK295 < PD151746 < ALLN < PD150606 < curcumin < leupeptin < quercetin < calpeptin < SJA6017 < MDL-28170 < ALLM) demonstrated that polyphenols conferred comparable calpain inhibition profiling. The modeling paradigm used in this study provides the first detailed account of corroboration of enzyme inhibition efficacy of calpain inhibitors and the respective calpain-calpain inhibitor molecular complexes' energetic landscape and in addition stimulates the polyphenol bioactive paradigm for post-SCI intervention with implications reaching to experimental in vitro, in cyto, and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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Calpain activity and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in platelet regulate haemostatic situation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and coagulation in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:484510. [PMID: 25258477 PMCID: PMC4167458 DOI: 10.1155/2014/484510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human platelets express Toll-like receptors (TLR) 4. However, the mechanism by which TLR4 directly affects platelet aggregation and blood coagulation remains to be explored. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the platelet TLR4 expression in patients who underwent CABG surgery; we explored the correlation between platelet TLR4 expression and the early outcomes in hospital of patients. Additionally, C57BL/6 and C57BL/6-TlrLPS−/− mice were used to explore the roles of platelet TLR4 in coagulation by platelet aggregometry and rotation thromboelastometry. In conclusion, our results highlight the important roles of TLR4 in blood coagulation and platelet function. Of clinical relevance, we also explored novel roles for platelet TLR4 that are associated with early outcomes in cardiac surgery.
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Yokoyama Y, Maruyama K, Yamamoto K, Omodaka K, Yasuda M, Himori N, Ryu M, Nishiguchi KM, Nakazawa T. The role of calpain in an in vivo model of oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:510-5. [PMID: 25111816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we set out to establish an in vivo animal model of oxidative stress in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and determine whether there is a link between oxidative stress in the RGCs and the activation of calpain, a major part of the apoptotic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oxidative stress was induced in the RGCs of C57BL/6 mice by the intravitreal administration of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH, 30mM, 2μl). Control eyes were injected with 2μl of vehicle. Surviving Fluorogold (FG)-labeled RGCs were then counted in retinal flat mounts. Double staining with CellROX and Annexin V was performed to investigate the co-localization of free radical generation and apoptosis. An immunoblot assay was used both to indirectly evaluate calpain activation in the AAPH-treated eyes by confirming α-fodrin cleavage, and also to evaluate the effect of SNJ-1945 (a specific calpain inhibitor: 4% w/v, 100mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration) in these eyes. RESULTS Intravitreal administration of AAPH led to a significant decrease in FG-labeled RGCs 7days after treatment (control: 3806.7±575.2RGCs/mm(2), AAPH: 3156.1±371.2RGCs/mm(2), P<0.01). CellROX and Annexin V signals were co-localized in the FG-labeled RGCs 24h after AAPH injection. An immunoblot assay revealed a cleaved α-fodrin band that increased significantly 24h after AAPH administration. Intraperitoneally administered SNJ-1945 prevented the cleavage of α-fodrin and had a neuroprotective effect against AAPH-induced RGC death (AAPH: 3354.0±226.9RGCs/mm(2), AAPH+SNJ-1945: 3717.1±614.6RGCs/mm(2), P<0.01). CONCLUSION AAPH administration was an effective model of oxidative stress in the RGCs, showing that oxidative stress directly activated the calpain pathway and induced RGC death. Furthermore, inhibition of the calpain pathway protected the RGCs after AAPH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Morin Ryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
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Cheng L, Wang SH, Jia N, Xie M, Liao XM. Environmental stimulation influence the cognition of developing mice by inducing changes in oxidative and apoptosis status. Brain Dev 2014; 36:51-6. [PMID: 23273784 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Environment condition has been shown to play an important role in brain development. The present study examined the effects of enriched and impoverished environment on both spatial and emotional learning and memory of young mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. 3-week-old mice were housed in enriched environment (n=10, 10 mice in a large cage with toys and a running wheel), or standard environment (n=10, 10 mice in a large cage without objects), or impoverished environment (n=10, single mice in a small cage without objects) for 6weeks. Then, the spatial and emotional cognition of mice were evaluated by the water maze and step-down inhibitory avoidance test, respectively. To explore the underlying mechanisms, oxidation measurement in hippocampus and medial-temporal lobe cortex (MTLC) and apoptosis examination in hippocampus were performed. Results showed that compared with standard environment group, enriched and impoverished mice exhibited high and low performance levels in behavior tests, respectively. The oxidative status of hippocampus and MTLC were decreased in enriched group but increased in impoverished group. Moreover, changes in apoptosis of hippocampus in these two groups showed the same tendency with oxidative status. These results suggest that environment condition can simultaneously influence spatial and emotional learning and memory, which may result from inducing changes in the oxidative and apoptosis status in associated brain regions. Here, we firstly report using young mice to examine the oxidative status as a primary and direct factor to explore the mechanism of effects of different environment on both spatial and emotional cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integration Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integration Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integration Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integration Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liao
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integration Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China.
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Altered expression of platelet proteins and calpain activity mediate hypoxia-induced prothrombotic phenotype. Blood 2013; 123:1250-60. [PMID: 24297866 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-501924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-compromised environments, such as high altitude, air travel, and sports, and pathological conditions, such as solid tumors, have been suggested to be prothrombotic. Despite the indispensable role of platelets in thrombus formation, the studies linking hypoxia, platelet reactivity, and thrombus formation are limited. In the present study, platelet proteome/reactivity was analyzed to elucidate the acute hypoxia-induced prothrombotic phenotype. Rats exposed to acute simulated hypoxia (282 torr/8% oxygen) demonstrated a decreased bleeding propensity and increased platelet reactivity. Proteomic analysis of hypoxic platelets revealed 27 differentially expressed proteins, including those involved in coagulation. Among these proteins, calpain small subunit 1, a 28-kDa regulatory component for calpain function, was significantly upregulated under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, intraplatelet Ca(2+) level and platelet calpain activity were also found to be in accordance with calpain small subunit 1 expression. The inhibition of calpain activity demonstrated reversal of hypoxia-induced platelet hyperreactivity. The prothrombotic role for calpain was further confirmed by an in vivo model of hypoxia-induced thrombosis. Interestingly, patients who developed thrombosis while at extreme altitude had elevated plasma calpain activities and increased soluble P-selectin level. In summary, this study suggests that augmented calpain activity is associated with increased incidence of thrombosis under hypoxic environments.
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Dasuri K, Zhang L, Keller JN. Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and the balance of protein degradation and protein synthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:170-185. [PMID: 23000246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs in a variety of disease settings and is strongly linked to the development of neuron death and neuronal dysfunction. Cells are equipped with numerous pathways to prevent the genesis, as well as the consequences, of oxidative stress in the brain. In this review we discuss the various forms and sources of oxidative stress in the brain and briefly discuss some of the complexities in detecting the presence of oxidative stress. We then focus the review on the interplay between the diverse cellular proteolytic pathways and their roles in regulating oxidative stress in the brain. Additionally, we discuss the involvement of protein synthesis in regulating the downstream effects of oxidative stress. Together, these components of the review demonstrate that the removal of damaged proteins by effective proteolysis and the synthesis of new and protective proteins are vital in the preservation of brain homeostasis during periods of increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Last, studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that protein synthesis is intricately linked to the rates of protein degradation, with impairment of protein degradation sufficient to decrease the rates of protein synthesis, which has important implications for successfully responding to periods of oxidative stress. Specific neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke, are discussed in this context. Taken together, these findings add to our understanding of how oxidative stress is effectively managed in the healthy brain and help elucidate how impairments in proteolysis and/or protein synthesis contribute to the development of neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction in a variety of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathi Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Páramo B, Montiel T, Hernández-Espinosa DR, Rivera-Martínez M, Morán J, Massieu L. Calpain activation induced by glucose deprivation is mediated by oxidative stress and contributes to neuronal damage. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2596-604. [PMID: 23994487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to neuronal death during glucose deprivation have not been fully elucidated, but a role of oxidative stress has been suggested. In the present study we have investigated whether the production of reactive oxygen species during glucose deprivation, contributes to the activation of calpain, a calcium-dependent protease involved in neuronal injury associated with brain ischemia and cerebral trauma. We have observed a rapid activation of calpain, as monitored by the cleavage of the cytoskeletal protein α-spectrin, after glucose withdrawal, which is reduced by inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, phospholipase A2 and NADPH oxidase. Results suggest that phospholipase A2 and NADPH oxidase contribute to the early activation of calpain after glucose deprivation. In particular NOX2, a member of the NADPH oxidase family is involved, since reduced stimulation of calpain activity is observed after glucose deprivation in hippocampal slices from transgenic mice lacking a functional NOX2. We observed an additive effect of the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and phospholipase A2 on both ROS production and calpain activity, suggesting a synergistic action of these two enzymes. The present results provide new evidence showing that reactive oxygen species stimulate calpain activation during glucose deprivation and that this mechanism is involved in neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Páramo
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. CP 04510, Mexico.
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Gharzi M, Dolatabadi HRD, Reisi P, Javanmard SH. Effects of different doses of doxepin on passive avoidance learning in rats. Adv Biomed Res 2013; 2:66. [PMID: 24223381 PMCID: PMC3814585 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that Doxepin has anti-inflammatory effects and reduces oxidative stress. Due to the fact that other tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to have neuroprotective effects, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of doxepin on passive avoidance learning in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Old male Wistar rats were used in this study. Doxepin was administered intraperitoneally (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) for 21 days. Passive avoidance learning test was used for evaluation of learning and memory. Rats received foot electrical shock on fifteen day, and step through latencies were evaluated one week after the electrical shock in retention phase. RESULTS Administration of Doxepin considerably increased the step through latencies in the rats that received the doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg (P < 0.05). However, in the dose of 10 mg/kg, there wasn't any significant change comparing to control group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Doxepin has desirable effects on cognitive functions in low doses. Therefore, Doxepin can be considered as memory enhancers that understanding the underling mechanisms need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Gharzi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
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Ye Z, Wang Y, Quan X, Li J, Hu X, Huang J, Luo Z. Effects of mechanical force on cytoskeleton structure and calpain-induced apoptosis in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52183. [PMID: 23284927 PMCID: PMC3527405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sudden mechanical insult to the spinal cord is usually caused by changing pressure on the surface of the spinal cord. Most of these insults are mechanical force injuries, and their mechanism of injury to the spinal cord is largely unknown. METHODS Using a compression-driven instrument to simulate mechanical force, we applied mechanical pressure of 0.5 MPa to rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons for 10 min to investigate cytoskeletal alterations and calpain-induced apoptosis after the mechanical force injury. RESULTS The results indicated that mechanical forces affect the structure of the cytoskeleton and cell viability, induce early apoptosis, and affect the cell cycle of DRG neurons. In addition, the calpain inhibitor PD150606 reduced cytoskeletal degradation and the rate of apoptosis after mechanical force injury. CONCLUSION Thus, calpain may play an important role in DRG neurons in the regulation of apoptosis and cytoskeletal alterations induced by mechanical force. Moreover, cytoskeletal alterations may be substantially involved in the mechanotransduction process in DRG neurons after mechanical injury and may be induced by activated calpain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate a relationship between cytoskeletal degradation and apoptosis in DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Metabolic stress response implicated in diabetic retinopathy: The role of calpain, and the therapeutic impact of calpain inhibitor. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:556-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Overexpression of miR-7-1 Increases Efficacy of Green Tea Polyphenols for Induction of Apoptosis in Human Malignant Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and SK-N-DZ Cells. Neurochem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Sarina, Yagi Y, Nakano O, Hashimoto T, Kimura K, Asakawa Y, Zhong M, Narimatsu S, Gohda E. Induction of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by artemisinin through activation of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Brain Res 2012; 1490:61-71. [PMID: 23123209 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth of neurite processes is a critical step in neuronal development, regeneration, differentiation, and response to injury. The discovery of compounds that can stimulate neurite formation would be important for developing new therapeutics against both neurodegenerative disorders and trauma-induced neuronal injuries. Semisynthetic derivatives of artemisinin, an active compound in Artemisia annua, have been effectively used in malaria treatment, but they have been shown to possess neurotoxic potential. In this study, we found unexpectedly that artemisinin and its derivatives induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Artemisinins containing an endoperoxide bridge such as artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin induced growth of neurite processes at concentrations that were slightly cytotoxic, artemisinin having the most potent maximal effect among them. Deoxyartemisinin, which lacks the endoperoxide bridge, was ineffective. Artemisinin-treated cells expressed increased levels of the neuronal marker β(III)-tubulin. Artemisinin upregulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), critical signaling molecules in neuronal differentiation. Consistent with activation of the two MAPKs, neurite outgrowth induced by artemisinin was inhibited by the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059 and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Artemisinin also induced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) that was almost completely attenuated by PD98059 but not by SB203580. Taken together, our results indicate that artemisinin and its derivatives containing the endoperoxide bridge induced differentiation of PC12 cells toward a neuronal phenotype and suggest that both activation of ERK signaling pathway, which leads to CREB phosphorylation, and activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina
- Department of Immunochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Chen L, Feng XC, Zhang WG, Xu XL, Zhou GH. Effects of inhibitors on the synergistic interaction between calpain and caspase-3 during post-mortem aging of chicken meat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8465-8472. [PMID: 22720745 DOI: 10.1021/jf300062n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Calpain has been considered to be the most important protease involved in tenderization during the conversion of muscle into meat. However, recent evidence suggests the possible involvement of the key apoptosis protease, caspase, on post-mortem tenderization. This study used inhibitors of calpain and caspase-3 to treat chicken muscle immediately after slaughter and followed the changes in caspase-3 and calpain activities together with their expression during 5 days of aging. Addition of calpain inhibitors to the system resulted in significantly higher caspase-3 activities (p < 0.01) during storage. Western blot analysis of pro-caspase-3 and α-spectrin cleavage of the 120 kDa peptide (SBDP 120) showed that the addition of calpain inhibitors resulted in the formation of higher amounts of the active form of caspase-3 compared with the control (p < 0.01). Inclusion of inhibitors of caspase-3 led to lower calpain activities (p < 0.01) and dramatically reduced the expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2 (p < 0.01). Concomitantly, this inhibition resulted in greater calpastatin expression compared with the control (p < 0.01). The findings of this investigation show that calpain prevented the activation of caspase-3, whereas caspase-3 appeared to enhance the calpain activity during post-mortem aging through inhibition of calpastatin. It is therefore suggested that there is a relationship between caspase-3 and calpain which contributes to the tenderizing process during the conversion of muscle tissue into meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
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