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Distinct Peculiarities of In Planta Synthesis of Isoprenoid and Aromatic Cytokinins. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010086. [PMID: 31948077 PMCID: PMC7022850 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of aromatic cytokinins in planta, unlike isoprenoid cytokinins, is still unknown. To compare the final steps of biosynthesis pathways of aromatic and isoprenoid cytokinins, we synthesized a series of nucleoside derivatives of natural cytokinins starting from acyl-protected ribofuranosyl-, 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl- and 5'-deoxyribofuranosyladenine derivatives using stereoselective alkylation with further deblocking. Their cytokinin activity was determined in two bioassays based on model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Amaranthus caudatus. Unlike cytokinins, cytokinin nucleosides lack the hormonal activity until the ribose moiety is removed. According to our experiments, ribo-, 2'-deoxyribo- and 5'-deoxyribo-derivatives of isoprenoid cytokinin N6-isopentenyladenine turned in planta into active cytokinins with clear hormonal activity. As for aromatic cytokinins, both 2'-deoxyribo- and 5'-deoxyribo-derivatives did not exhibit analogous activity in Arabidopsis. The 5'-deoxyribo-derivatives cannot be phosphorylated enzymatically in vivo; therefore, they cannot be "activated" by the direct LOG-mediated cleavage, largely occurring with cytokinin ribonucleotides in plant cells. The contrasting effects exerted by deoxyribonucleosides of isoprenoid (true hormonal activity) and aromatic (almost no activity) cytokinins indicates a significant difference in the biosynthesis of these compounds.
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Dong X, Tang J, Hu C, Bai J, Ding H, Xiao Q. An Expeditious Total Synthesis of 5'-Deoxy-toyocamycin and 5'-Deoxysangivamycin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040737. [PMID: 30791372 PMCID: PMC6413189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In present paper, an expeditious total synthesis of naturally occurring 5′-deoxytoyocamycin and 5′-deoxysangivamycin was accomplished. Because of the introduction of a benzoyl group at N-6 of 4-amino-5-cyano-6-bromo-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, a Vorbrüggen glycosylation with 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranose afforded a completely regioselective N-9 glycosylation product, which is unambiguously confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the involved intermediates were well characterized by various spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyou Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Jiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Haixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
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Alexeev CS, Sivets GG, Safonova TN, Mikhailov SN. Substrate specificity of E. coli uridine phosphorylase. Further evidences of high-syn conformation of the substrate in uridine phosphorolysis. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 36:107-121. [PMID: 27846376 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1223306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty five uridine analogues have been tested and compared with uridine with respect to their potency to bind to E. coli uridine phosphorylase. The kinetic constants of the phosphorolysis reaction of uridine derivatives modified at 2'-, 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety and 2-, 4-, 5- and 6-positions of the heterocyclic base were determined. The absence of the 2'- or 5'-hydroxyl group is not crucial for the successful binding and phosphorolysis. On the other hand, the absence of both the 2'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups leads to the loss of substrate binding to the enzyme. The same effect was observed when the 3'-hydroxyl group is absent, thus underlining the key role of this group. Our data shed some light on the mechanism of ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleoside discrimination by E. coli uridine phosphorylase and E. coli thymidine phosphorylase. A comparison of the kinetic results obtained in the present study with the available X-ray structures and analysis of hydrogen bonding in the enzyme-substrate complex demonstrates that uridine adopts an unusual high-syn conformation in the active site of uridine phosphorylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Alexeev
- a Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - G G Sivets
- b Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Minsk , Belarus
| | - T N Safonova
- c Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - S N Mikhailov
- a Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Huang R, Xie C, Huang L, Liu J. Copper-catalyzed N-alkoxyalkylation of nucleobases involving direct functionalization of sp3 C–H bonds adjacent to oxygen atoms. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cook AF, Holman MJ. Synthesis of the Natural Product 5'-Deoxy-5-iodotubercidin and Related Halogenated Analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318408081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Panova NG, Alexeev CS, Kuzmichov AS, Shcheveleva EV, Gavryushov SA, Polyakov KM, Kritzyn AM, Mikhailov SN, Esipov RS, Miroshnikov AI. Substrate specificity of Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2007; 72:21-8. [PMID: 17309433 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Substrate specificity of Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase to thymidine derivatives modified at 5' -, 3' -, and 2' ,3' - positions of the sugar moiety was studied. Equilibrium and kinetic constants (K(m), K(I), k(cat)) of the phosphorolysis reaction have been determined for 20 thymidine analogs. The results are compared with X-ray and molecular dynamics data. The most important hydrogen bonds in the enzyme-substrate complex are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Panova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Zhang J, Visser F, Vickers MF, Lang T, Robins MJ, Nielsen LPC, Nowak I, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Uridine Binding Motifs of Human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 3 Produced inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 64:1512-20. [PMID: 14645682 DOI: 10.1124/mol.64.6.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive series of structural analogs of uridine that differed in substituents in the sugar and/or base moieties were subjected to inhibitor-sensitivity assays in a yeast expression system to define uridine structural determinants for inhibitors of human concentrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 3 (hCNT1 and hCNT3). The production of recombinant hCNT1 and hCNT3 in a nucleoside-transporter deficient strain of yeast was confirmed by immunoblotting, and uridine transport parameters (Km, Vmax) were determined by defining the concentration dependence of initial rates of uptake of [3H]uridine by intact yeast. The Ki values of uridine analogs were obtained from inhibitory-effect curves and converted to binding energies. hCNT1 and hCNT3 recognized uridine through distinguishable binding motifs. hCNT1 was sensitive to modifications at C(3), less sensitive at C(5') or N(3), and much less sensitive at C(2'). hCNT3 was sensitive to modifications at C(3'), but much less sensitive at N(3), C(5') or C(2'). The changes of binding energy between transporter proteins and different uridine analogs suggested that hCNT1 formed hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) with C(3')-OH, C(5')-OH, or N(3)-H of uridine, but not with C(2')-OH, whereas hCNT3 formed H-bonds to C(3')-OH, but not to N(3)-H, C(5')-OH, and C(2')-OH. Both transporters barely tolerated modifications at C(3') or inversion of configurations at C(2')orC(3'). The binding profiles identified in this study can be used to predict the potential transportability of nucleoside analogs, including anticancer or antiviral nucleoside drugs, by hCNT1 and hCNT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11540 University Ave., Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 1Z2
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Ugarkar BG, DaRe JM, Kopcho JJ, Browne CE, Schanzer JM, Wiesner JB, Erion MD. Adenosine kinase inhibitors. 1. Synthesis, enzyme inhibition, and antiseizure activity of 5-iodotubercidin analogues. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2883-93. [PMID: 10956196 DOI: 10.1021/jm000024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor agonists produce a wide variety of therapeutically useful pharmacologies. However, to date they have failed to undergo successful clinical development due to dose-limiting side effects. Adenosine kinase inhibitors (AKIs) represent an alternative strategy, since AKIs may raise local adenosine levels in a more site- and event-specific manner and thereby elicit the desired pharmacology with a greater therapeutic window. Starting with 5-iodotubercidin (IC50 = 0.026 microM) and 5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine (IC50 = 0.17 microM) as lead inhibitors of the isolated human AK, a variety of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues were designed and prepared by coupling 5-substituted-4-chloropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine bases with ribose analogues using the sodium salt-mediated glycosylation procedure. 5'-Amino-5'-deoxy analogues of 5-bromo- and 5-iodotubercidins were found to be the most potent AKIs reported to date (IC50S < 0.001 microM). Several potent AKIs were shown to exhibit anticonvulsant activity in the rat maximal electric shock (MES) induced seizure assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Ugarkar
- Metabasis Therapeutics Inc, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Wang G, Tam RC, Gunic E, Du J, Bard J, Pai B. Synthesis and cytokine modulation properties of pyrrolo[2, 3-d]-4-pyrimidone nucleosides. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2566-74. [PMID: 10891116 DOI: 10.1021/jm000035+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidone nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to enhance Type 2 cytokines and to suppress Type 1 cytokines in human T cells activated in vitro. Compounds 16b, 16c, 16d, 18c, and 19b induced substantial enhancement of IL-4 (a Type 2 cytokine) levels while three compounds (16b, 16c, and 16f) showed significant suppression of IFNgamma (a Type 1 cytokine) levels. The results revealed a strict structural requirement for the nucleoside-mediated enhancement of IL-4. Modifications of the ribofuranose moiety of the nucleosides either abolished or dramatically reduced the activity. Both the 5'-hydroxy and 5-carboxamidine are crucial for the activity. Of the few nucleoside analogues that demonstrated enhancement on Type 2 cytokine production, 7-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2, 3-d]-4-pyrimidone-5-carboxamidine (16c) showed a dramatic enhancement (>200%) of IL-4 levels and a significant enhancement (36%) of IL-5 levels. Moreover, this compound showed substantial suppression of the Type 1 cytokines, IFNgamma (42%), IL-2 (54%), and TNFalpha (55%). Similarly, compound 16b showed a substantial enhancement of IL-4 (46%) and suppression of IL-2 (35%), IFNgamma (30%), and TNFalpha (26%). To our knowledge, these are the first nucleoside analogues that induce a Type 2 cytokine bias in T cells. The cytokine modulation property of 16c and 16b merits the therapeutic evaluation of these compounds in treating diseases in which immunopathology is associated with polarized Type 1 cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Chemistry and Immunology Laboratories, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA.
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Porcari AR, Ptak RG, Borysko KZ, Breitenbach JM, Vittori S, Wotring LL, Drach JC, Townsend LB. Deoxy sugar analogues of triciribine: correlation of antiviral and antiproliferative activity with intracellular phosphorylation. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2438-48. [PMID: 10882371 DOI: 10.1021/jm990205m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triciribine (TCN) and triciribine monophosphate (TCN-P) have antiviral and antineoplastic activity at low micromolar or submicromolar concentrations. In an effort to improve and better understand this activity, we have conducted a structure-activity relationship study to explore requirements for the number of hydroxyl groups on the ribosyl moiety for biological activity. 2'-Deoxytriciribine (2'-dTCN), 3'-deoxytriciribine (3'-dTCN), 2', 3'-epoxytriciribine (2',3'-epoxyTCN), 2',3'-dideoxy-2', 3'-didehydrotriciribine (2',3'-d4TCN), and 2',3'-dideoxytriciribine (2',3'-ddTCN) were synthesized and evaluated for activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Antiproliferative activity of the compounds also was tested in murine L1210 cells and three human tumor cell lines. All compounds were either less active than TCN and TCN-P or inactive at the highest concentration tested (100 microM) in both antiviral and antiproliferative assays. Reverse-phase HPLC of extracts from uninfected cells treated with the deoxytriciribine analogues only detected the conversion of 3'-dTCN and 2',3'-ddTCN to their respective monophosphates. Therefore, either the deoxytriciribine analogues were not transported across the cell membrane or, more likely, they were not substrates for a nucleoside kinase or phosphotransferase. We have concluded that the hydroxyl groups on the ribosyl ring system of TCN and TCN-P must be intact in order to obtain significant antiviral and antineoplastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Porcari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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Escalettes F, Florentin D, Tse Sum Bui B, Lesage D, Marquet A. Biotin Synthase Mechanism: Evidence for Hydrogen Transfer from the Substrate into Deoxyadenosine. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9811748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Escalettes
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique and Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale Organique et Biologique, Université Paris VI, CNRS UMR 7613, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Florentin
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique and Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale Organique et Biologique, Université Paris VI, CNRS UMR 7613, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique and Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale Organique et Biologique, Université Paris VI, CNRS UMR 7613, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Denis Lesage
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique and Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale Organique et Biologique, Université Paris VI, CNRS UMR 7613, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Andrée Marquet
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique and Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale Organique et Biologique, Université Paris VI, CNRS UMR 7613, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Hirota K, Monguchi Y, Kitade Y, Sajiki H. Ribofuranose-ring cleavage of purine nucleosides with diisobutylaluminum hydride: Convenient method for the preparation of purine acyclonucleosides. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Guianvarc'h D, Florentin D, Tse Sum Bui B, Nunzi F, Marquet A. Biotin synthase, a new member of the family of enzymes which uses S-adenosylmethionine as a source of deoxyadenosyl radical. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 236:402-6. [PMID: 9240449 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The fact that biotin synthase, from Escherichia coli and Bacillus sphaericus, requires S-adenosylmethionine and a reducing system led us to postulate that this synthase could belong to the family of enzymes which use S-adenosylmethionine as a source of deoxyadenosyl radical, namely pyruvate formate-lyase, lysine 2,3-aminomutase, and anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase. We describe here experiments with S-[2,8-(3)H] adenosylmethionine and S-adenosyl-[methyl-3H]methionine which allowed the identification and quantification of the expected cleavage products, deoxyadenosine, and methionine. They are formed in equimolar amounts, in a ratio close to 3 with respect to the biotin produced. We postulate a mechanism involving the homolytic cleavage of two C-H bonds which should consume two equivalents of S-adenosylmethionine. The observed excess of S-adenosylmethionine consumption is attributed to abortive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guianvarc'h
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, Université Paris VI, France
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Désaubry L, Shoshani I, Johnson RA. Synthesis of 2′,5′-Dideoxy-adenosine-3′-monophosphate Derivatives as Allosteric Inhibitors of Adenylyl Cyclase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779508010705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shoshani I, Qiu H, Johnson F, Johnson RA. Synthesis of Iodo-aryl-azido Adenosine Analogs as Affinity Ligands for Adenylyl Cyclase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779408010676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Frey M, Rothe M, Wagner A, Knappe J. Adenosylmethionine-dependent synthesis of the glycyl radical in pyruvate formate-lyase by abstraction of the glycine C-2 pro-S hydrogen atom. Studies of [2H]glycine-substituted enzyme and peptides homologous to the glycine 734 site. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Sudhakar Rao T, Jayaraman K, Durland RH, Revankar GR. Synthesis of Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotides with a Stretched Phosphodiester Backbone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779408013239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Johnson RA, Shoshani I. Preparation and use of "P"-site-targeted affinity ligands for adenylyl cyclases. Methods Enzymol 1994; 238:56-71. [PMID: 7799803 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)38006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794
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Scovill JP, Thigpen DL, Lemley PV. A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND RANEY NICKEL DESULFURIZATION OF 5′-DEOXY-5′ -M ETHYLTHIOADENOSINE. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509308038193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Synthesis of triple helix forming oligonucleotides with a stretched phosphodiester backbone. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Structure and biological activity of thirty-six new nucleoside antibiotics which appeared after the 1988 review are described. New synthetic analogs of neplanocin and oxetanocin are also described with special emphasis on their antiviral activities. New biosynthetic findings on nikkomycins, blasticidin S, and griseolic acid are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Isono
- Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Saitama-ken, Japan
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23
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Johnson R, Shoshani I. Inhibition of Bordetella pertussis and Bacillus anthracis adenylyl cyclases by polyadenylate and “P”-site agonists. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Irreversible inactivation of adenylyl cyclase by the “P”-site agonist 2',5'-dideoxy-,3'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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26
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Kinetics of "P"-site-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the requirements for substrate. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Mikhailov SN, Grishko NB. Acyclic analogs of nucleosides. Synthesis of chiral 1,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxapent-2-yl derivatives of uracil. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00475574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Shuto S, Ueda S, Imamura S, Fukukawa K, Matsuda A, Ueda T. A facile one-step synthesis of 5′-phosphatidylnucleosides by an enzymatic two-phase reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The binding of cob(II)alamin (CblII) and 5'-deoxyadenosine to diol dehydrase was studied spectroscopically and with [U-14C]5'-deoxyadenosine. CblII was bound to this enzyme forming a tight 1:1 complex which was resistant to oxidation by O2 even in the presence of CN-. An irreversible 1:1:1 ternary complex was formed between enzyme, CblII, and 5'-deoxyadenosine, when the enzyme was incubated first with the nucleoside and then with CblII. When this order of addition of the constituents was reversed, no 5'-deoxyadenosine was bound to the enzyme-CblII complex. Hydroxocobalamin could also bind to the enzyme together with the nucleoside, while other cob(III)alamins bearing a bulkier Co beta ligand displaced the nucleoside upon binding to the enzyme. The binding of [U-14C]5'-deoxyadenosine was strongly inhibited by unlabeled 5'-deoxy-ara-adenosine, 4',5'-anhydroadenosine, adenosine, adenine, and 5',8-cyclic adenosine, in this order, but not by 5'-deoxyuridine. These results constitute direct evidence for the presence of the binding site for the adenosyl group of adenosylcobalamin, which is spatially limited to and highly specific for adenine nucleosides. The binding of 5'-deoxyadenosine to the apoenzyme was reversible.
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Stolarski R, Pohorille A, Dudycz L, Shugar D. Comparison of theoretical and experimental approaches to determination of conformation of nucleosides about the glycosidic bond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 610:1-19. [PMID: 6969094 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(80)90051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A study has been made by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the syn in equilibrium anti dynamic equilibrium about the glycosidic bond for 5'-deoxyadenosine and some 8-substituted analogues, in different solvents. The results are compared with those previously obtained for the parent adenosine and its 8-substituted analogues. Quantum chemical calculations, with the aid of the Classical Potential and PCILO procedures, were applied to obtain the energies for different conformations of the base in adenosine and 5'-deoxyadenosine, and their 8-methyl and 8-halogeno derivatives. Good agreement was found between experimentally determined conformations in solution and those corresponding theoretically to the energy minima, particularly those calculated by the PCILO method. Comparison of the quantitative experimental data with the theoretical results was used to evaluate the validity of the latter and their applicability to studies of nucleoside conformation. The experimental and theoretical findings pointed to the existence of a marked flexibility about the glycosidic bond of the parent nucleosides and their 8-substituted analogues, when the 8-substituents were not too bulky, such as methyl or bromine. Considerations is given to possible correlations between conformational parameters in nucleosides and their 5'-deoxy analogues. It is shown that the proposed stabilization of the conformation syn by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, 5'-OH...N(3), is not in accord with the results of the present study.
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Toraya T, Abeles RH. Inactivation of dioldehydrase in the presence of a coenzyme-B12 analog. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980; 203:174-80. [PMID: 6996617 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wang Y, P.C. Hogencamp H. The synthesis and the 1h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the cyclic sulfites of some sugars. Carbohydr Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(79)80013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wohlhueter RM, Marz R, Plagemann PG. Thymidine transport in cultured mammalian cells. Kinetic analysis, temperature dependence and specificity of the transport system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 553:262-83. [PMID: 444518 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(79)90231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transport of thymidine has been characterized kinetically and thermodynamically in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells grown in culture and, less extensively, in mouse L cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, P388 murine leukemia cells and HeLa cells. That the characterizations pertained to the transport system per se was ensured, (i) by employing recently developed methods for rapid sampling of cell/substrate mixtures in order to follow isotope movements within a few seconds after initial exposure of cells to substrate; (ii) by utilizing cells rendered, by genetic or chemical means, incapable of metabolizing thymidine; and (iii) by demonstrating conformity of the transport data to an integrated rate equation derived for a simple, carrier-mediated system. The results indicate that thymidine is transported into mammalian cells by a functionally symmetrical, non-concentrative system for which the carrier : substrate dissociation constant ranges from about 100 microM in Chinese hamster ovary cells, to 230 microM in Novikoff hepatoma cells. In all cell lines investigated, the velocity of transport was sufficient to nearly completely equilibrate low concentration of thymidine across the membrane membrane within 15 s. Temperature dependence of transport velocity and substrate : carrier dissociation were continuous (EA = 18.3 kcal/mol, delta H0' = 9.3 kcal/mol, respectively), and showed no evidence of abrupt transitions. Several natural and artificial nucleosides and nucleic acid bases inhibited influx of radiolabeled thymidine, apparently by competing with thymidine for the transport carrier.
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