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Wu JM, Lin JS, Xie N, Qiu GF, Hu XM. [Synthesis of a novel L-nucleoside, beta-L-D4A and its inhibition on the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2005; 40:825-9. [PMID: 16342685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nucleoside analogues have become the most promising candidates of anti-HBV drugs. In this study, beta-L-D4A was synthesized and explored its inhibitiory action against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 2. 2. 15 cells derived from HepG2 cells transfected with HBV genome. METHODS beta-L-D4A was stereo-controlled synthesized from D-glutamic acid, and the structure was identified by IR, 1H NMR and MS. 2. 2. 15 Cells were placed at a density of 5 x 10(4) per well in 12-well tissue culture plates, and treated with various concentrations of beta-L-D4A for 6 days. At the end, medium was processed to obtain virions by a polyethlene glycol precipitation method. At the same time, intracellular DNA was also extracted and digested with Hind III. Both of the above DNA were subjected to Southern blot, hybridized with a 32P-labeled HBV probe and autoradiographed. The intensity of the autoradiographic bands was quantitated by densitometric scans of computer and EC50 was calculated. 2. 2. 15 cells were also seeded in 24-well tissue culture plates, and cytotoxicity with different concentrations was examined by MTT method. IC50 was calculated. RESULTS The synthesized compound structure conformed with beta-L-D4A; Autoradiographic bands showed similar for supernatant and intracellular HBV DNA. Episomal HBV DNA was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. EC50 0.2 micromol x L(-1). The experiment of cytotoxicity gained IC50 200 micromol x L(-10. CONCLUSION beta-L-D4A has been synthesized successfully. beta-L-D4A possessed potent inhibitory effect on replication of HBV in vitro with low cytotoxicity, TI value was 1 000. It is expected to be developed clinically into a new anti-HBV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
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2
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Gudmundsson KS, Daluge SM, Johnson LC, Jansen R, Hazen R, Condreay LD, McGuigan C. Phosphoramidate protides of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine and related nucleosides with potent activity against HIV and HBV. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2004; 22:1953-61. [PMID: 14609234 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120025242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of phosphoramidate protides of several 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine derivatives by treatment of the nucleoside with phosphorochloridates in the presence of pyridine and t-BuMgCl is described. Several of these protides showed significantly improved antiviral potency over the parent nucleoside against HIV and HBV. Especially marked was the improvement in potency of phosphoramidate protides of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine against both HIV and HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan S Gudmundsson
- Division of Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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3
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Ye S, Rezende MM, Deng WP, Herbert B, Daly JW, Johnson RA, Kirk KL. Synthesis of 2‘,5‘-Dideoxy-2-fluoroadenosine and 2‘,5‘-Dideoxy-2,5‘-difluoroadenosine: Potent P-Site Inhibitors of Adenylyl Cyclase. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1207-13. [PMID: 14971900 DOI: 10.1021/jm0303599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of 2-fluoroadenine with the appropriate protected thioglycoside derivatives, followed by deprotection and anomer separation, produced the alpha- and beta-anomers of 2',5'-dideoxy-2-fluoroadenosine (1), 2',5'-dideoxy-2,5'-difluoroadenosine (2), and 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine (3). These were examined as P-site inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase. The presence of fluorine on the purine ring increased potency of inhibition, and the most potent compound, beta-2',5'-dideoxy-2-fluoroadenosine (1b), was 3 times more potent than beta-2',5'-dideoxyadenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ye
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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4
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Izawa K, Takamatsu S, Katayama S, Hirose N, Kozai S, Maruyama T. An industrial process for synthesizing Lodenosine (FddA). Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:507-17. [PMID: 14565226 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120021951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two industrial synthetic approaches to Lodenosine (1, FddA, 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl) adenine) via a purine riboside or a purine 3'-deoxyriboside are described. Several novel applications of deoxygenation and fluorination methods are compared considering reaction yields, economy, safety and environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunisuke Izawa
- AminoScience Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan.
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5
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Takamatsu S, Katayama S, Naito M, Yamashita K, Ineyama T, Izawa K. A facile synthetic method for 3'-alpha-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:711-3. [PMID: 14565260 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for the synthesis of 3'-alpha-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (5) has been developed using a novel rearrangement of 3'-beta-bromine to the 2'-beta position during 3'-alpha fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takamatsu
- AminoScience Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan.
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6
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Maruyama T, Kozai S, Takamatsu S, Izawa K. Introduction of a benzoyl group onto 6-chloropurine riboside in aqueous solution and its application to the synthesis of nucleoside derivatives. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 2003:103-4. [PMID: 12903289 DOI: 10.1093/nass/44.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A benzoyl group was introduced onto the 3'-hydroxyl group of 6-chloropurine riboside by treatment with benzoic anhydride in the presence of a base in aqueous solution. The product (3b) was converted to 9-(2,3-Di-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine (1, FddA) in 6 steps, including radical deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maruyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Novel 3'-substituted isonucleoside analogs were designed on the basis of the similarities of their electrostatic potential with the active anti-HIV compound, (S,S)-isodideoxy-adenosine. The key synthetic step involved coupling between the dideoxygenated sugar derivatives, 10 and 14, and adenine under Mitsunobu conditions. Anti-HIV data are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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8
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Gudmundsson KS, Daluge SM, Condreay LD, Johnson LC. Synthesis of novel 8-substituted carbocyclic analogs of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine with activity against hepatitis B virus. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2002; 21:891-901. [PMID: 12537029 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120016613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and antiviral activity of several new 8-substituted carbocyclic analogs of D-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine are described. The new 8-substituted analogs were synthesized via lithiation of carbocyclic 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine followed by quenching with electrophiles. This methodology allows for a divergent synthesis of a variety of 8-substituted analogs from carbocyclic 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine in high yields. 8-Methyl and 8-halogenated carbocyclic 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine analogs showed 6-25 fold more activity against hepatitis B virus than the unsubstituted carbocyclic D-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan S Gudmundsson
- Division of Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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9
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Quirk Dorr DR, Vince R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of endocyclic 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxymethanocarba adenosine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2002; 21:665-80. [PMID: 12502282 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120015724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report describing the synthesis and conformation of methanocarba nucleosides incorporating an endo (beta-face) cyclopropyl at the 2',3' position of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy carbocyclic nucleosides. These nucleoside isosteres have been shown to exist in a unique extreme eastern conformation. This prediction was confirmed by x-ray crystallography and high resolution NMR spectroscopy. As expected, the methanocarba adenosine compound was neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. However, some of the compounds synthesized demonstrated moderate antiviral activity against HSV-1. The methanocarba adenosine and its triphosphate form were evaluated as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danaè R Quirk Dorr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street S. E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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10
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Salvatori D, Volpini R, Vincenzetti S, Vita A, Costanzi S, Lambertucci C, Cristalli G, Vittori S. Adenine and deazaadenine nucleoside and deoxynucleoside analogues: inhibition of viral replication of sheep MVV (in vitro model for HIV) and bovine BHV-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2973-80. [PMID: 12110319 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of N(6)-cycloalkyl-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives has been prepared by coupling of 2,6-dichloropurine to protected 2,3-dideoxyribose, followed by reaction with appropriate cycloalkylamines. Synthesized compounds, along with other purine nucleoside analogues previously synthesized in our laboratory, have been tested for their antiviral activity against Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and sheep Maedi/Visna Virus (MVV), the latter being an in vitro and in vivo model of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). All compounds showed good antireplicative activity against MVV, with the N(6)-cycloheptyl-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (5b) being the most active [effective concentration (EC(50)) causing 50% reduction of cytopatic effects (CPE)=27 nM]. All compounds showed also a from low to very low cell toxicity, resulting in a cytotoxic dose 50 (CD(50))/EC(50) ratio in some cases higher than 1000.
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11
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Takamatsu S, Maruyama T, Katayama S, Hirose N, Naito M, Izawa K. Synthesis of 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine (FddA) via a purine 3'-deoxynucleoside. J Org Chem 2001; 66:7469-77. [PMID: 11681963 DOI: 10.1021/jo0158985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine (1, FddA) via a 6-chloro-9-(3-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-9H-purine (9), which was readily obtained from inosine (5), is described. Fluorination at the C2'-beta position of the purine 3'-deoxynucleoside with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride was improved by the introduction of a 6-chloro group and proceeded in moderate yield. Purine 3'-deoxynucleoside derivatives were also subjected to nucleophilic reactions with triethylamine trihydrofluoride and gave the desired fluorinated nucleoside in good yield. The safety and yield of the fluorination process were greatly improved by the use of triethylamine trihydrofluoride. The influence of the sugar ring conformation and 6-chloro group on the rate of the nucleophilic reaction against elimination are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takamatsu
- AminoScience Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc. 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gurjar
- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India.
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13
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Jeannot F, Mathé C, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 3'-C-trifluoromethyl nucleoside derivatives bearing adenine as the base. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:755-8. [PMID: 11563109 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
3'-deoxy-3'-C-trifluoromethyl- (3), 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-C-trifluoromethyl- (5) and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-3'-C-trifluoromethyladenosine (6) derivatives have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. All these derivatives were stereospecifically prepared by glycosylation of adenine with a trifluoromethyl sugar precursor (1), followed by appropriate chemical modifications. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against HIV, but they did not show an antiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jeannot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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14
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Takamatsu S, Izawa K, Maruyama T, Katayama S, Hirose N, De Clercq E. Synthesis and in vitro antiviral activity evaluation of 9-(2-azido-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1053-7. [PMID: 11562957 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
9-(2-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine derivatives (1a-e) containing a lipophilic function at the N-6 position in the purine ring were prepared and evaluated for their antiviral activity. The compounds 1a-e turned out to be inactive as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takamatsu
- AminoScience Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc. 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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15
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Wnuk SF, Valdez CA, Khan J, Moutinho P, Robins MJ, Yang X, Borchardt RT, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Doubly homologated dihalovinyl and acetylene analogues of adenosine: synthesis, interaction with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, and antiviral and cytostatic effects. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1180-6. [PMID: 10737751 DOI: 10.1021/jm990486y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the 6-aldehyde derived by Moffatt oxidation of 3-O-benzoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-ribo-hexofuranose (2c) with the dibromo- or bromofluoromethylene Wittig reagents generated in situ with tetrabromomethane or tribromofluoromethane, triphenylphosphine, and zinc gave the dihalomethyleneheptofuranose analogues 3b and 3d, respectively. Acetolysis, coupling with adenine, and deprotection gave 9-(7,7-dibromo-5,6, 7-trideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hept-6-enofuranosyl)adenine (5a) or its bromofluoro analogue 5b. Treatment of 5a with excess butyllithium provided the acetylenic derivative 9-(5,6, 7-trideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hept-6-ynofuranosyl)adenine (6). The doubly homologated vinyl halides 5a and 5b and acetylenic 6 adenine nucleosides were designed as putative substrates of the "hydrolytic activity" of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase. Incubation of AdoHcy hydrolase with 5a, 5b, and 6 resulted in time- and concentration-dependent inactivation of the enzyme (K(i): 8.5 +/- 0.5, 17 +/- 2, and 8.6 +/- 0.5 microM, respectively), as well as partial reduction of enzyme-bound NAD(+) to E-NADH. However, no products of the "hydrolytic activity" were observed indicating these compounds are type I mechanism-based inhibitors. The compounds displayed minimal antiviral and cytostatic activity, except for 6, against vaccinia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (IC(50): 15 and 7 microM, respectively). These viruses typically fall within the activity spectrum of AdoHcy hydrolase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.
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16
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Siddiqui MA, Driscoll JS, Abushanab E, Kelley JA, Barchi JJ, Marquez VE. The "beta-fluorine effect" in the non-metal hydride radical deoxygenation of fluorine-containing nucleoside xanthates. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:1-12. [PMID: 10772699 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008032993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An alternative method to conduct a Barton-McCombie deoxygenation in nucleosides is described. The utility of the procedure is limited to structures with an electronegative substituent, particularly fluorine, in the beta-position relative to the radical center. The process is radical in nature and triggered by peroxides. The abstraction of hydrogen from the solvent is favorably influenced by the presence of a beta-fluorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Wnuk SF, Mao Y, Yuan CS, Borchardt RT, Andrei G, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Robins MJ. Discovery of type II (covalent) inactivation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase involving its "hydrolytic activity": synthesis and evaluation of dihalohomovinyl nucleoside analogues derived from adenosine. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3078-83. [PMID: 9685247 DOI: 10.1021/jm9801410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the 5'-carboxaldehyde derived by Moffatt oxidation of 6-N-benzoyl-2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine (1) with the "(bromofluoromethylene)triphenylphosphorane" reagent and deprotection gave 9-(6-bromo-5, 6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-beta-d-ribo-hex-5-enofuranosyl)adenine (4). Parallel treatment with a "dibromomethylene Wittig reagent" and deprotection gave 9-(6,6-dibromo-5, 6-dideoxy-beta-d-ribo-hex-5-enofuranosyl)adenine (7), which also was prepared by successive bromination and dehydrobromination of the 6'-bromohomovinyl nucleoside 8. Bromination-dehydrobromination of the 5'-bromohomovinyl analogue 11 and deprotection gave (E)-9-(5, 6-dibromo-5,6-dideoxy-beta-d-ribo-hex-5-enofuranosyl)adenine (15). Compounds 4, 7, and 15 were designed as putative substrates of the "hydrolytic activity" of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase. Enzyme-mediated addition of water across the 5,6-double bond could generate electrophilic acyl halide or alpha-halo ketone species that could undergo nucleophilic attack by proximal groups on the enzyme. Such type II (covalent) mechanism-based inactivation is supported by protein labeling with 8-[3H]-4 and concomitant release of bromide and fluoride ions. Incubation of AdoHcy hydrolase with 7 or 15 resulted in irreversible inactivation and release of bromide ion. In contrast with type I mechanism-based inactivation, reduction of enzyme-bound NAD+ to NADH was not observed. Compounds 4, 7, and 15 were not inhibitory to a variety of viruses in cell culture, and weak cytotoxicity was observed only for CEM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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18
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Antonov KV, Konstantinova ID, Miroshnikov AI. New approach to the synthesis of 2',3',-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1998; 17:153-9. [PMID: 9708346 DOI: 10.1080/07328319808005166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K V Antonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Pélicano H, Pierra C, Eriksson S, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Maury G. Enzymatic properties of the unnatural beta-L-enantiomers of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3969-73. [PMID: 9397178 DOI: 10.1021/jm9701482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The beta-L-enantiomers of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine have been stereospecifically synthesized. In an attempt to explain the previously reported antiviral activities of these compounds, their enzymatic properties were studied with respect to adenosine kinase, deoxycytidine kinase, adenosine deaminase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Adenosine deaminase was strictly enantioselective and favored beta-D-ddA and beta-D-d4A, whereas adenosine kinase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase had no apparent substrate properties for the D- or L-enantiomers of beta-ddA or beta-d4A. Human deoxycytidine kinase showed a remarkable inversion of the expected enantioselectivity, with beta-L-ddA and beta-L-d4A having better substrate efficiencies than their corresponding beta-D-enantiomers. Our results demonstrate the potential of beta-L-adenosine analogues as antiviral agents and suggest that deoxycytidine kinase has a strategic importance in their cellular activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pélicano
- UMR 5626 du CNRS, Département de Chimie Organique Fine, Université Montpellier-2 des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France
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20
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Shoshani I, Qui H, Johnson F, Taussig R, Johnson RA. Azido-iodo-phenyl-analogs of 2',5'-dideoxy-adenosine as photoaffinity ligands for adenylyl cyclase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1245:37-42. [PMID: 7654764 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(95)00069-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Azidoiodophenyl-analogs of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine were synthesized and tested as potential 'P'-site selective affinity probes for adenylyl cyclases. The 3'-substituted analogs included: 1: 3'-[(4-nitrophenyl)-acetyl]-2',5'-dideoxy-adenosine 2: 3'-[(4-nitrophenyl)-butyryl]-2',5'-dideoxyadenosine 3: 3'-[(4-azido-3-iodophenyl)-acetyl]-2',5'-dideoxyadenosine and 4: 3'-[(4-azido-3-iodophenyl)-butyryl]-2',5'-dideoxyadenosine. The azidoiodo-phenyl-analogs inactivated adenylyl cyclase irreversibly and in a light-dependent manner. This was observed with detergent-dispersed enzyme from rat brain, purified native enzyme from bovine brain, and recombinant Type I bovine adenylyl cyclase expressed in membranes from fall army worm ovarian (Sf9) cells. Inactivation of the recombinant enzyme was inversely dependent on ATP concentration and was not completely prevented by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine. Inhibition kinetics with the recombinant enzyme in the absence of light suggested two sites of inhibition, whereas with the native Type I enzyme inhibition kinetics exhibited a straightforward noncompetitive mechanism. Occupation of either or both sites by ligand protected the enzyme against denaturation by UV-irradiation per se. The data are consistent with inactivation of the recombinant enzyme occurring both through the 'P'-site and the catalytic active site, but suggest that this is a characteristic of the recombinant enzyme and is not dependent on the probes per se. The data suggest the potential for independent interactions of such ligands with different sites on a given enzyme and also with other enzymes containing adenosine or adenine nucleotide binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shoshani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794
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22
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Parry RJ, Muscate A, Askonas LJ. 9-(5',6'-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hex-5'-ynofuranosyl)adenine, a novel irreversible inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Biochemistry 1991; 30:9988-97. [PMID: 1911790 DOI: 10.1021/bi00105a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The acetylenic analogue of adenosine 9-(5',6'-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hex-5'-ynofuranosyl)adenine has been synthesized, and its behavior as an inhibitor of bovine S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase has been examined. Incubation of the enzyme with excess inhibitor caused a time-dependent, irreversible inactivation of the enzyme that was accompanied by the reduction of two equivalents of NAD+ to NADH and the loss of the two remaining equivalents of NAD+. With use of radiolabeled inhibitor, it was established that 4 equiv of the acetylenic analog bind irreversibly to the enzyme and that 4 equiv were required to inactivate the enzyme completely. The inactivated enzyme could not be reactivated by incubation with NAD+. Denaturation studies revealed that 2 equiv of the inhibitor are bound more tightly to the enzyme than the remainder, suggesting the formation of a covalent linkage between the oxidized inhibitor and the enzyme. The putative covalent linkage was found to be acid sensitive but stable to mild base. The linkage could not be stabilized by treatment of the enzyme-inhibitor complex with either borohydride or cyanoborohydride. A Kl of 173 nM was measured for the inhibitor, making it one of the more potent inhibitors that have been reported. The enzyme used in these studies was isolated by modification of an affinity chromatography method reported by Narayanan and Borchardt [(1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 965, 22-28]. The affinity chromatography unexpectedly led to the isolation of two forms of the enzyme. The major form contained 4.0 mol of nucleotide cofactor/mol of enzyme tetramer, while the minor form carried only 2.0 mol/tetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Parry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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23
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Williams KJ, Brocia RW, Fisher EA. The unstirred water layer as a site of control of apolipoprotein B secretion. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:16741-4. [PMID: 2170353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) is a constituent of low density lipoproteins that has been implicated in the development of coronary artery disease (Editorial (1988) Lancet 1, 1141-1142). It is produced primarily in the liver, but mechanisms of secretory control are unclear. We examined the possibility that rapid reuptake of newly secreted lipoproteins regulates the net output of apoB by cultured liver cells. Polyclonal blocking antibodies to the low density lipoprotein receptor markedly increased apoB output, and varying the width of the unstirred water layer around the cells also changed apoB output, consistent with local reuptake. Labeled apoB added to the bulk fluid phase of the incubation media was not detectably taken up, implying that re-uptake is predominantly local. We conclude that a major site of apoB secretory control resides in the unstirred water layer, external to the cell. Because many cells secrete products for which they possess receptors, local re-uptake from the unstirred water layer may be a general mechanism for secretory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129
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24
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Tarusova NB, Khorlin AA, Kraevskiĭ AA, Korneeva MN, Nosik DN, Kruglov IV, Galegov GA, Bibilashvili RS. [Inhibition of HIV reproduction in cell culture by 5'-phosphonates of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 1989; 23:1716-24. [PMID: 2633042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate analogues: 5'-phosphonomethylene-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, 5'-methylphosphonate and 5'-phosphite of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, 5'-phosphites of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and guanosine was investigated in HIV-infected cell cultures (human lymphoblastoid cells). The effectivity of inhibition of HIV-reproduction in cells by these substances was close or even higher than that for the corresponding 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, whereas their toxicity was lower than that of nucleosides. These substances are supposed to be transported into the cells and to be transformed into the corresponding 5'-triphosphate analogues under the action of cell kinases. It is possible that such agents are terminator substrates of virus reverse transcriptases and thus inhibit the biosynthesis of DNA chains.
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