1
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Ji X, Xiao Y, Xiao B, Peng P. Tea polysaccharides from Camellia sinensis: chemical analysis, structural characterization, and inhibition of HeLa cells activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1877957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xuening Ji
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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2
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Xylose rich heteroglycan from flaxseed gum mediates the immunostimulatory effects on macrophages via TLR2 activation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Chen S, Su T, Wang Z. Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and immunological activity in vitro of polysaccharides from fruiting bodies of Suillus granulatus. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun China
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun China
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun China
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4
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Gao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Peng P, Chen L, Xiao B. Hydrothermal extraction, structural characterization, and inhibition HeLa cells proliferation of functional polysaccharides from Chinese tea Zhongcha 108. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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5
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Farhadi N. Structural elucidation of a water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from Balangu shirazi (Lallemantia royleana) seeds. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Wu Y, Hui D, Eskin N, Cui S. Water-soluble yellow mustard mucilage: A novel ingredient with potent antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:710-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Zhang YJ, Zhang JX, Cheng F, Shen XL, Wang Z. Isolation and structural characterization of a low-molecular-weight pectic polysaccharide SHPPB-1 isolated from sunflower heads. J Carbohydr Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2016.1221077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-jun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ZJ, P.R. China
| | - Jian-xun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ZJ, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ZJ, P.R. China
| | - Xue-liang Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ZJ, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ZJ, P.R. China
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8
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Lin L, Wang P, Du Z, Wang W, Cong Q, Zheng C, Jin C, Ding K, Shao C. Structural elucidation of a pectin from flowers of Lonicera japonica and its antipancreatic cancer activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Pu X, Ma X, Liu L, Ren J, Li H, Li X, Yu S, Zhang W, Fan W. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from angelica and astragalus. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 137:154-164. [PMID: 26686116 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a fraction (AAP-2A) of polysaccharides from angelica and astragalus (AAP) were investigated. Characteriztion assay showed that AAP-2A had molecular weight (Mw), root-mean square (RMS) radius and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of 2.252 × 10(3)kDa, 28.4 nm and 1.038, respectively. There were infrared characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides in FT-IR spectroscopy. AAP-2A was composed of rhamnose (Rha), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara) and glucose (Glc) with a molar ratio of 1:2.13:3.22:6.18 in GC analysis. Methylation analysis combined with NMR spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that a preliminary structure of AAP-2A was proposed as follows: 1,3-linked Rhap, 1,3-linked Galp, 1,3-linked Araf, 1,5-linked Araf, 1,3,5-linked Araf, 1,4-linked Glcp and 1,4,6-linked Glcp interspersed with terminal Glcp. AAP-2A exhibited a surface with a sheet-like appearance in scanning electron microscope and stronger antioxidant capacity compared with AAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Pu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Haibing Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenbo Fan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
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10
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Lee JB, Tanikawa T, Hayashi K, Asagi M, Kasahara Y, Hayashi T. Characterization and biological effects of two polysaccharides isolated from Acanthopanax sciadophylloides. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Zhang X, Liu L, Lin C. Isolation, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a neutral polysaccharide from Sisal waste. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Structure and biological activities of a pectic polysaccharide from Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Li JE, Nie SP, Xie MY, Li C. Isolation and partial characterization of a neutral polysaccharide from Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru and its antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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14
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Dang Z, Feng D, Liu X, Yang T, Guo L, Liang J, Liang J, Hu F, Cui F, Feng S. Structure and antioxidant activity study of sulfated acetamido-polysaccharide from Radix Hedysari. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:20-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Structural features, antioxidant and immunological activity of a new polysaccharide (SP1) from sisal residue. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Wu Y, Ai L, Wu J, Cui SW. Structural analysis of a pectic polysaccharide from boat-fruited sterculia seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 56:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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18
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Structural elucidation of rhamnogalacturonans from flaxseed hulls. Carbohydr Res 2012; 362:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Kang J, Cui SW, Phillips GO, Chen J, Guo Q, Wang Q. New studies on gum ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia) Part III: Structure characterization of a globular polysaccharide fraction by 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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de Oliveira AJB, Gonçalves RAC, Chierrito TPC, dos Santos MM, de Souza LM, Gorin PAJ, Sassaki GL, Iacomini M. Structure and degree of polymerisation of fructooligosaccharides present in roots and leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni. Food Chem 2011; 129:305-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Structure characterization of high molecular weight heteropolysaccharide isolated from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seed. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Improvement of the compositional quality of monocot pectin extracts contaminated with glucuronic acid-containing components using a step-wise purification procedure. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Sun Y, Cui SW, Tang J, Gu X. Structural features of pectic polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Kim H, Ralph J. Solution-state 2D NMR of ball-milled plant cell wall gels in DMSO-d(6)/pyridine-d(5). Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:576-91. [PMID: 20090974 PMCID: PMC4070321 DOI: 10.1039/b916070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR fingerprinting of the components of finely divided plant cell walls swelled in DMSO has been recently described. Cell wall gels, produced directly in the NMR tube with perdeutero-dimethylsulfoxide, allowed the acquisition of well resolved/dispersed 2D (13)C-(1)H correlated solution-state NMR spectra of the entire array of wall polymers, without the need for component fractionation. That is, without actual solubilization, and without apparent structural modification beyond that inflicted by the ball milling and ultrasonication steps, satisfactorily interpretable spectra can be acquired that reveal compositional and structural details regarding the polysaccharide and lignin components in the wall. Here, the profiling method has been improved by using a mixture of perdeuterated DMSO and pyridine (4 : 1, v/v). Adding pyridine provided not only easier sample handling because of the better mobility compared to the DMSO-d(6)-only system but also considerably elevated intensities and improved resolution of the NMR spectra due to the enhanced swelling of the cell walls. This modification therefore provides a more rapid method for comparative structural evaluation of plant cell walls than is currently available. We examined loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, a gymnosperm), aspen (Populus tremuloides, an angiosperm), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus, an herbaceous plant), and corn (Zea mays L., a grass, i.e., from the Poaceae family). In principle, lignin composition (notably, the syringyl : guaiacyl : p-hydroxyphenyl ratio) can be quantified without the need for lignin isolation. Correlations for p-coumarate units in the corn sample are readily seen, and a variety of the ferulate correlations are also well resolved; ferulates are important components responsible for cell wall cross-linking in grasses. Polysaccharide anomeric correlations were tentatively assigned for each plant sample based on standard samples and various literature data. With the new potential for chemometric analysis using the 2D NMR fingerprint, this gel-state method may provide the basis for an attractive approach to providing a secondary screen for selecting biomass lines and for optimizing biomass processing and conversion efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, and DOE Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; Fax: +1 (608) 265-2904; Tel: +1 (608) 262-1629
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, DOE Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center, and Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; Fax: +1 (608) 265-2904; Tel: +1 (608) 890-2429
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Deng C, O'Neill MA, Hahn MG, York WS. Improved procedures for the selective chemical fragmentation of rhamnogalacturonans. Carbohydr Res 2008; 344:1852-7. [PMID: 19162261 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterization of branched rhamnogalacturonans (RGs) requires the availability of methods that selectively cleave the Rhap-(1-->4)-alpha-GalAp linkage and thereby generate oligosaccharide fragments that are suitable for mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Enzymic cleavage of this linkage is often ineffective, especially in highly branched RGs. Therefore, we have developed an improved chemical fragmentation method based on beta-elimination of esterified 4-linked GalpA residues. At least 85% of the carboxyl groups of the GalA residues in Arabidopsis thaliana seed mucilage RG is esterified using methyl iodide or 3-iodopropanol in Me(2)SO containing 8% water and 1% tetrabutylammonium fluoride. However, beta-elimination fragmentation at pH 7.3 and 120 degrees C is far more extensive with hydroxypropyl-esterified RG than with methyl-esterified RG. The non-reducing 4-deoxy-beta-l-threo-hex-4-enepyranosyluronic acid residue formed by the beta-elimination reaction is completely removed by treatment with aqueous N-bromosuccinimide, thereby simplifying the structural characterization of the chemically generated oligoglycosyl fragments. This newly developed procedure was used to selectively fragment the branched RG from peppergrass seed mucilage. The products were characterized using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, glycosyl residue composition analysis, and 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Our data show that the most abundant low-molecular weight fragments contained a backbone rhamnose residue substituted at O-4 with a single sidechain, and suggest that peppergrass seed mucilage RG is composed mainly of the repeating unit 4-O-methyl-alpha-d-GlcpA-(1-->4)-beta-d-Galp-(1-->4)-[-->4)-alpha-d-GalpA-(1-->2)-]-alpha-l-Rhap-(1-->.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Deng
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA
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26
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Vinod V, Sashidhar R, Suresh K, Rama Rao B, Vijaya Saradhi U, Prabhakar Rao T. Morphological, physico-chemical and structural characterization of gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium): A tree gum from India. Food Hydrocoll 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Westereng B, Michaelsen T, Samuelsen A, Knutsen S. Effects of extraction conditions on the chemical structure and biological activity of white cabbage pectin. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Eskin NAM, Raju J, Bird RP. Novel mucilage fraction of Sinapis alba L. (mustard) reduces azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in F344 and Zucker obese rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:479-85. [PMID: 17188481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of Sinapis alba Linn. (commonly called yellow or white mustard) and their components have been reported to possess anticancer properties. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel mucilaginous fraction of mustard seeds in inhibiting colonic preneoplastic changes in animal models of sporadic and obesity-associated colon cancer. In two separate studies, male Sprague-Dawley or female Zucker obese rats, injected with azoxymethane (15 or 10 mg/kg body wt. once a week for 2 weeks, respectively), were fed AIN-93G diets with or without 5% mustard mucilage (MM) (w/w) for 8 weeks. Our aim was to measure the ability to modulate the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions of the colon. The data were classified into total numbers of ACF and large ACF (crypt multiplicity of 4 or more). We report here that 5% MM significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of total (approximately 21% inhibition) and large (approximately 50% inhibition) ACF in the colons of Sprague-Dawley rats compared to that in untreated controls. In addition, 5% MM supplemented diet significantly lowered (p<0.05) the number of total (approximately 63% inhibition) and large (approximately 60% inhibition) colonic ACF in Zucker obese rats compared to untreated obese rats, and had no effect on fasting plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These results demonstrate the possible role of MM as a functional food against sporadic and obesity-associated colon cancer, and provide impetus to conduct research to understand the underlying mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A M Eskin
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2.
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29
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Cui SW, Eskin MAN, Wu Y, Ding S. Synergisms between yellow mustard mucilage and galactomannans and applications in food products--a mini review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 128-130:249-56. [PMID: 17196539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Yellow or white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) is unique in the mustard family by containing large amounts of mucilaginous material in the seed coat. This material was shown to exhibit similar rheological properties to xanthan gum such as shear thinning flow behavior and weak gel structure. This review will discuss the synergistic interactions between yellow mustard mucilage (YMM) and galactomannans, particularly locust bean gum (LBG), and its potential food applications. In addition, synergistic interactions between YMM, with or without LBG, on starch paste viscosity and syneresis will also be reviewed. The thickening, texturizing and stabilizing properties of YMM, and its ability to form gels at very low concentration in the presence of LBG, could lead to many food and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W Cui
- Food Research Program, AAFC, Guelph, Canada.
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30
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Sudan C, Prakash S, Bhomkar P, Jain S, Bhalla-Sarin N. Ubiquitous presence of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in plants and its regulation in some model plants. PLANTA 2006; 224:853-64. [PMID: 16652220 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUS) is well characterized in animals and microbes. However, this enzyme is not well studied in plants and is widely assumed to be absent in them. In this study we document the ubiquitous presence of GUS in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays and record its expression pattern. The pH of the assay buffer was found to be critical with pH 4.0 being optimum for detection in all the species. GUS in plants appears to be associated with growth. In general, younger regions of the organs showed more GUS activity than the older and more mature tissues. In Brassica juncea roots stained for GUS, intense blue color could be seen in the trichoblast cells and the growing root hair cells as compared to the non-root hair forming epidermal cells or the fully elongated root hairs. Cotton fibers showed high GUS activity during the initial phase of elongation while the seed coat, from which the fibers formed, did not stain for GUS activity. The activity in the fibers disappeared after they were fully elongated. The level of GUS activity increased 2.58 folds in leaf tissues of N. tabacum when cultured in MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, while gibberellic acid enhanced GUS activity 2.9 folds in the inter-nodal regions of rice in 12-h treatment. In addition, elongation of stem, root and root hairs in tobacco seedlings was strongly inhibited by the specific inhibitor of GUS, saccharo-1-4-lactone in a reversible manner. Taken together, these evidences suggest a probable association of plant GUS in cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sudan
- Lab no. 308, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi 110 067, India
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31
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Westereng B, Yousif O, Michaelsen TE, Knutsen SH, Samuelsen AB. Pectin isolated from white cabbage – structure and complement-fixing activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:746-55. [PMID: 16865748 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to investigate whether white cabbage contained polysaccharides with immunostimulatory activity using the complement-fixing test as an indicator. The main polysaccharide isolated was of pectin nature. Methanolysis and (13)C-NMR showed that the polymers consisted of highly esterified alpha-galactopyranoside (alpha-GalpA), significant amounts of alpha-arabinose furanoside (alpha-Araf), beta-Galp and lesser amounts of rhamnose in the pyranose form (Rhap) and xylose in the pyranose form (Xylp). Linkage analyses showed that the alpha-GalpA residues were mainly 1,4-linked with small amounts of 1,3,4-linkages. The alpha-Araf residues were mainly terminally (t)- and 1,5-linked, whereas beta-Galp was t-, 1,3-, 1,6-, and 1,3,6-linked. Positive Yariv reaction indicated polymers with arabinogalactan type 2 like structures. alpha-Rhap was mainly present as 1,2- and 1,2,4-linked residues and Xylp was t- and 1,4-linked. The molecular weight varied greatly and was from 10 to 150 kDa. Cabbage polymers had biological activity and this complement-fixing activity was greatly affected by hydrolytic removal of Araf from pectic side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørge Westereng
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry-Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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Wang X, Zheng Y, Zuo J, Fang J. Structural features of an immunoactive acidic arabinogalactan from Centella asiatica. Carbohydr Polym 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang XS, Dong Q, Zuo JP, Fang JN. Structure and potential immunological activity of a pectin from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Carbohydr Res 2004; 338:2393-402. [PMID: 14572724 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
S3A was a RG-I pectin isolated from Centella asiatica that contained Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc and GalA in molar ratio of 1.0:0.6:1.5:0.2:1.1 and had been found to have a backbone composed mainly of the disaccharide repeat unit, -->4)-alpha-D-GalpA-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->. Based on methylation analysis, NaIO4 oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis and lithium-treatment, the structural features were elucidated. Side chains of S3A were predominantly linked to O-4 of 1,2,4-linked alpha-L-Rhap. The side chains are comprised of arabinosyl chains, galactosyl chains, arabinogalactosyl chains and short glucosyl chains. A total of 45% Rhap in the backbone was substituted by side chains. The arabinosyl residues were mostly distributed in the arabinosyl side chains. According to the immunological results of S3A and its degraded derivatives, S3A had no immunological activity, but its derivatives had immuno-stimulating activities to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Lederkremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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