1
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Xie J, Zhang C, Waite TD. Hydroxyl radicals in anodic oxidation systems: generation, identification and quantification. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118425. [PMID: 35429884 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anodic oxidation has emerged as a promising treatment technology for the removal of a broad range of organic pollutants from wastewaters. Hydroxyl radicals are the primary species generated in anodic oxidation systems to oxidize organics. In this review, the methods of identifying hydroxyl radicals and the existing debates and misunderstandings regarding the validity of experimental results are discussed. Consideration is given to the methods of quantification of hydroxyl radicals in anodic oxidation systems with particular attention to approaches used to compare the electrochemical performance of different anodes. In addition, we describe recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of hydroxyl radical generation at the surface of most commonly used anodes and the utilization of hydroxyl radical in typical electrochemical reactors. This review shows that the key challenges facing anodic oxidation technology are related to i) the elimination of mistakes in identifying hydroxyl radicals, ii) the establishment of an effective hydroxyl radical quantification method, iii) the development of cost effective anode materials with high corrosion resistance and high electrochemical activity and iv) the optimization of electrochemical reactor design to maximise the utilization efficiency of hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Xie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, 214206, P.R. China.
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2
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Rosati B, Christiansen S, Dinesen A, Roldin P, Massling A, Nilsson ED, Bilde M. The impact of atmospheric oxidation on hygroscopicity and cloud droplet activation of inorganic sea spray aerosol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10008. [PMID: 33976276 PMCID: PMC8113565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) contributes significantly to natural aerosol particle concentrations globally, in marine areas even dominantly. The potential changes of the omnipresent inorganic fraction of SSA due to atmospheric ageing is largely unexplored. In the atmosphere, SSA may exist as aqueous phase solution droplets or as dried solid or amorphous particles. We demonstrate that ageing of liquid NaCl and artificial sea salt aerosol by exposure to ozone and UV light leads to a substantial decrease in hygroscopicity and cloud activation potential of the dried particles of the same size. The results point towards surface reactions on the liquid aerosols that are more crucial for small particles and the formation of salt structures with water bound within the dried aerosols, termed hydrates. Our findings suggest an increased formation of hydrate forming salts during ageing and the presence of hydrates in dried SSA. Field observations indicate a reduced hygroscopic growth factor of sub-micrometre SSA in the marine atmosphere compared to fresh laboratory generated NaCl or sea salt of the same dry size, which is typically attributed to organic matter or sulphates. Aged inorganic sea salt offers an additional explanation for such a measured reduced hygroscopic growth factor and cloud activation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Rosati
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | - Anders Dinesen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Massling
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - E Douglas Nilsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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3
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Cooper SP, Mulvihill CR, Mathieu O, Petersen EL. Isopropanol dehydration reaction rate kinetics measurement using H
2
O time histories. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Cooper
- J. Mike Walker ‘66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Clayton R. Mulvihill
- J. Mike Walker ‘66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- J. Mike Walker ‘66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Eric L. Petersen
- J. Mike Walker ‘66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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4
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Pelucchi M, Namysl S, Ranzi E, Rodriguez A, Rizzo C, Somers KP, Zhang Y, Herbinet O, Curran HJ, Battin-Leclerc F, Faravelli T. Combustion of n-C 3-C 6 Linear Alcohols: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study. Part I: Reaction Classes, Rate Rules, Model Lumping, and Validation. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2020; 34:14688-14707. [PMID: 33250570 PMCID: PMC7685228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work (and the companion paper, Part II) presents new experimental data for the combustion of n-C3-C6 alcohols (n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol) and a lumped kinetic model to describe their pyrolysis and oxidation. The kinetic subsets for alcohol pyrolysis and oxidation from the CRECK kinetic model have been systematically updated to describe the pyrolysis and high- and low-temperature oxidation of this series of fuels. Using the reaction class approach, the reference kinetic parameters have been determined based on experimental, theoretical, and kinetic modeling studies previously reported in the literature, providing a consistent set of rate rules that allow easy extension and good predictive capability. The modeling approach is based on the assumption of an alkane-like and alcohol-specific moiety for the alcohol fuel molecules. A thorough review and discussion of the information available in the literature supports the selection of the kinetic parameters that are then applied to the n-C3-C6 alcohol series and extended for further proof to describe n-octanol oxidation. Because of space limitations, the large amount of information, and the comprehensive character of this study, the manuscript has been divided into two parts. Part I describes the kinetic model as well as the lumping techniques and provides a synoptic synthesis of its wide range validation made possible also by newly obtained experimental data. These include speciation measurements performed in a jet-stirred reactor (p = 107 kPa, T = 550-1100 K, φ = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) for n-butanol, n-pentanol, and n-hexanol and ignition delay times of ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol/air mixtures measured in a rapid compression machine at φ = 1.0, p = 10 and 30 bar, and T = 704-935 K. These data are presented and discussed in detail in Part II, together with detailed comparisons with model predictions and a deep kinetic discussion. This work provides new experimental targets that are useful for kinetic model development and validation (Part II), as well as an extensively validated kinetic model (Part I), which also contains subsets of other reference components for real fuels, thus allowing the assessment of combustion properties of new sustainable fuels and fuel mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pelucchi
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S. Namysl
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - E. Ranzi
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Rodriguez
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - C. Rizzo
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - K. P. Somers
- Combustion
Chemistry Centre, National University of
Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Y. Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - O. Herbinet
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - H. J. Curran
- Combustion
Chemistry Centre, National University of
Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - F. Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - T. Faravelli
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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5
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Kalalian C, Abis L, Depoorter A, Lunardelli B, Perrier S, George C. Influence of indoor chemistry on the emission of mVOCs from Aspergillus niger molds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140148. [PMID: 32610229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
People spend 80% of their time indoors exposed to poor air quality due to mold growth in humid air as well as human activities (painting, cooking, cleaning, smoking…). To better understand the impact of molds on indoor air quality, we studied the emission of microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs) from Aspergillus niger, cultivated on malt agar extract, using a high-resolution proton transfer reaction- time of flight- mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). These emissions were studied for different cultivation time and indoor relative humidities. Our results show that the concentration of the known C4-C9 mVOCs tracers of the microbial activity (like 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methylfuran, 2-pentanone, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, nitromethane, 1,3-octadiene…) was the highest in the early stage of growth. However, these emissions decreased substantially after a cultivation time of 10-14 days and were highly affected by the relative humidity. In addition, the emissions of certain mVOCs were sensitive to indoor light, suggesting an impact of photochemistry on the relative amounts of indoor mVOCs. Based on this study, an estimation of the mVOC concentration for a standard living room was established at different air exchange rates and their indoor lifetimes toward hydroxyl radicals and ozone were also estimated. These findings give insights on possible mVOCs levels in moisture-damaged buildings for an early detection of microbial activity and new evidences about the effect of indoor light on their emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Kalalian
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Letizia Abis
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antoine Depoorter
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bastien Lunardelli
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France.
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6
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Sime SL, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Rate coefficients for the reactions of OH with butanols from 298 K to temperatures relevant for low‐temperature combustion. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A. Blitz
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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7
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Wahab AK, Nadeem MA, Idriss H. Hydrogen Production During Ethylene Glycol Photoreactions Over Ag-Pd/TiO 2 at Different Partial Pressures of Oxygen. Front Chem 2019; 7:780. [PMID: 31824920 PMCID: PMC6883913 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of ethylene glycol has been studied over Ag-Pd/TiO2 (anatase) under photo-irradiation while monitoring the reaction products (in the gas and liquid phases) as a function of time and at different partial pressures of molecular oxygen. The catalyst contained metal particles with a mean size of about 1 nm, most likely in the form of alloy (TEM, STEM, and XPS). The complex reaction network involves hydrogen abstraction, C-C bond dissociation, de-carbonylation and water gas shift ultimately yielding hydrogen and CO2. The two main competing reactions were found to be, photo reforming and photo-oxidation. Based on our previous study, Ag presence improves the reaction rate for hydrogen production, most likely via decreasing the adsorption energy of CO when compared to pure Pd. At high ethylene glycol concentrations, the rate of hydrogen produced decreased by a factor of two while changing O2 partial pressure from 0.001 to 0.2 atm. The rate was however very sensitive to oxygen partial pressures at low ethylene glycol concentrations, decreasing by about 50 times with increasing oxygen pressures to 1 atm. The order of reaction with respect to O2 changed from near zero at high oxygen partial pressure to ½ at low partial pressure (in 0.008-0.2 atm. range). Liquid phase analysis indicated that the main reaction product was formaldehyde, where its concentration was found to be higher than that of H2 and CO2. The mass balance approached near unity only upon the incorporation of formaldehyde and after a prolonged reaction time. This suggests that the photo-reforming reaction was not complete even at prolonged time, most likely due to kinetic limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khaja Wahab
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC Corporate Research and Development (CRD), King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amtiaz Nadeem
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC Corporate Research and Development (CRD), King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Idriss
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC Corporate Research and Development (CRD), King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Cheramangalath Balan R, Rajakumar B. Photo-Oxidation Reaction Kinetics and Mechanistics of 4-Hydroxy-2-butanone with Cl Atoms and OH Radicals in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4342-4353. [PMID: 31026164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The temperature-dependent rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone (4H2BN) with Cl atoms and OH radicals were explored experimentally using relative rate technique and computational methods. The concentrations of the reactants as well as products were followed using gas chromatography (GC) with the flame ionization detector, GC/mass spectrometry, and GC/infrared spectroscopy as analytical techniques. Formaldehyde was obtained as the major product during the title reaction. The kinetics of 4H2BN with Cl atoms and OH radicals were measured over the temperature range of 298-363 K at 760 Torr in the N2 atmosphere using C3H8, C2H4, isopropanol, and n-propanol as reference compounds. The temperature-dependent rate coefficients for the reaction of 4H2BN with Cl atoms and OH radicals were obtained as kExpt( T) = [(1.52 ± 0.86) × 10-26] T5 exp[(2474 ± 450)/ T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and kexpt( T) = [(2.09 ± 0.24) × 10-12] exp[-(409 ± 15)/ T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. Theoretical calculations were carried out at the M062X/6-31G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theories, and the rate coefficients for H abstraction reactions were evaluated using the canonical variational transition state theory with the inclusion of small-curvature tunneling correction over the temperature range of 200-400 K. The rate coefficients obtained over the studied temperature range were used to fit the data, and the Arrhenius expression was obtained to be kCl(Theory) (200-400 K) = (6.10 × 10-25) T4.42 exp(2397/ T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, kOH(Theory) (200-400 K) = (1.13 × 10-19) T2.27 exp(1505/ T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively, for the reactions of Cl atoms and OH radicals with 4H2BN. The possible reaction mechanism proposed based on the obtained products for the title reaction, thermochemistry, branching ratios, and atmospheric implications and cumulative lifetime of 4H2BN were also explored in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
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9
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Guo X, Zhang RM, Gao LG, Zhang X, Xu X. Computational kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction reactions of n-propanol and iso-propanol by OH radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24458-24468. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04809j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total reaction rate constants show a significant negative dependence on temperature in the low temperature regime and approach the capture rate for the formation of the pre-reactive complex when temperature is down to the ultracold regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
| | - Rui Ming Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Lu Gem Gao
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Xu
- Center for Combustion Energy, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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10
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Jara-Toro RA, Hernández FJ, Garavagno MDLA, Taccone RA, Pino GA. Water catalysis of the reaction between hydroxyl radicals and linear saturated alcohols (ethanol and n-propanol) at 294 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27885-27896. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water accelerates the title reaction by lowering the energy barrier and increasing the dipole moments of the reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Jara-Toro
- INFIQC (CONICET – UNC) – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
- Argentina
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica – Facultad de Ciencias Químicas – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
| | - Federico J. Hernández
- INFIQC (CONICET – UNC) – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
- Argentina
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica – Facultad de Ciencias Químicas – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
| | - María de los A. Garavagno
- INFIQC (CONICET – UNC) – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
- Argentina
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica – Facultad de Ciencias Químicas – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
| | - Raúl A. Taccone
- INFIQC (CONICET – UNC) – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
- Argentina
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica – Facultad de Ciencias Químicas – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
| | - Gustavo A. Pino
- INFIQC (CONICET – UNC) – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
- Argentina
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica – Facultad de Ciencias Químicas – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Córdoba
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11
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Bao JL, Meana-Pañeda R, Truhlar DG. Multi-path variational transition state theory for chiral molecules: the site-dependent kinetics for abstraction of hydrogen from 2-butanol by hydroperoxyl radical, analysis of hydrogen bonding in the transition state, and dramatic temperature dependence of the activation energy. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5866-5881. [PMID: 29861912 PMCID: PMC5950756 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01848j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present work is modeling the kinetics of a key reaction involved in the combustion of the biofuel 2-butanol. To accomplish this we extended multi-path variational transition state theory (MP-VTST) with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) approximation to include multistructural anharmonicity factors for molecules with chiral carbons. We use the resulting theory to predict the site-dependent rate constants of the hydrogen abstraction from 2-butanol by hydroperoxyl radical. The generalized transmission coefficients were averaged over the four lowest-energy reaction paths. The computed forward reaction rate constants indicate that hydrogen abstraction from the C-2 site has the largest contribution to the overall reaction from 200 K to 2400 K, with a contribution ranging from 99.9988% at 200 K to 88.9% at 800 K to 21.2% at 3000 K, while hydrogen abstraction from the oxygen site makes the lowest contribution at all temperatures, ranging from 2.5 × 10-9% at 200 K to 0.65% at 800 K to 18% at 3000 K. This work highlights the importance of including the multiple-structure and torsional potential anharmonicity in the computation of the thermal rate constants. We also analyzed the role played by the hydrogen bond at the transition state, and we illustrated the risks of (a) considering only the lowest-energy conformations in the calculations of the rate constants or (b) ignoring the nonlinear temperature dependence of the activation energies. A hydrogen bond at the transition state can lower the enthalpy of activation, but raise the free energy of activation. We find an energy of activation that increases from 11 kcal mol-1 at 200 K to more than 36 kcal mol-1 at high temperature for this radical reaction with a biofuel molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Lucas Bao
- Department of Chemistry , Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-043 , USA .
| | - Rubén Meana-Pañeda
- Department of Chemistry , Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-043 , USA .
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry , Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-043 , USA .
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12
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Experimental and theoretical study of the reaction system of 2NO2↔N2O4 and some fluorinated derivatives of butanols in the gas phase. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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McGillen MR, Baasandorj M, Burkholder JB. Gas-phase rate coefficients for the OH + n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol reactions measured between 220 and 380 K: non-Arrhenius behavior and site-specific reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4636-56. [PMID: 23627621 DOI: 10.1021/jp402702u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Butanol (C4H9OH) is a potential biofuel alternative in fossil fuel gasoline and diesel formulations. The usage of butanol would necessarily lead to direct emissions into the atmosphere; thus, an understanding of its atmospheric processing and environmental impact is desired. Reaction with the OH radical is expected to be the predominant atmospheric removal process for the four aliphatic isomers of butanol. In this work, rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol isomers with the OH radical were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser induced fluorescence to monitor its temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature range 221-381 K at total pressures between 50 and 200 Torr (He). The reactions exhibited non-Arrhenius behavior over this temperature range and no dependence on total pressure with k(296 K) values of (9.68 ± 0.75), (9.72 ± 0.72), (8.88 ± 0.69), and (1.04 ± 0.08) (in units of 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) for n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol, respectively. The quoted uncertainties are at the 2σ level and include estimated systematic errors. The observed non-Arrhenius behavior is interpreted here to result from a competition between the available H-atom abstraction reactive sites, which have different activation energies and pre-exponential factors. The present results are compared with results from previous kinetic studies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and theoretical calculations and the discrepancies are discussed. Results from this work were combined with available high temperature (1200-1800 K) rate coefficient data and room temperature reaction end-product yields, where available, to derive a self-consistent site-specific set of reaction rate coefficients of the form AT(n) exp(-E/RT) for use in atmospheric and combustion chemistry modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R McGillen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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14
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Seal P, Oyedepo G, Truhlar DG. Kinetics of the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions from 1-butanol by hydroxyl radical: theory matches experiment and more. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:275-82. [PMID: 23244297 DOI: 10.1021/jp310910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we study the H atom abstraction reactions by hydroxyl radical at all five sites of 1-butanol. Multistructural variational transition state theory (MS-VTST) was employed to estimate the five thermal rate constants. MS-VTST utilizes a multifaceted dividing surface that accounts for the multiple conformational structures of the transition state, and we also include all the structures of the reactant molecule. The vibrational frequencies and minimum energy paths (MEPs) were computed using the M08-HX/MG3S electronic structure method. The required potential energy surfaces were obtained implicitly by direct dynamics employing interpolated variational transition state theory with mapping (IVTST-M) using a variational reaction path algorithm. The M08-HX/MG3S electronic model chemistry was then used to calculate multistructural torsional anharmonicity factors to complete the MS-VTST rate constant calculations. The results indicate that torsional anharmonicity is very important at higher temperatures, and neglecting it would lead to errors of 26 and 32 at 1000 and 1500 K, respectively. Our results for the sums of the site-specific rate constants agree very well with the experimental values of Hanson and co-workers at 896-1269 K and with the experimental results of Campbell et al. at 292 K, but slightly less well with the experiments of Wallington et al., Nelson et al., and Yujing and Mellouki at 253-372 K; nevertheless, the calculated rates are within a factor of 1.61 of all experimental values at all temperatures. This gives us confidence in the site-specific values, which are currently inaccessible to experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Seal
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
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15
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Orkin VL, Khamaganov VG, Kurylo MJ. High Accuracy Measurements of OH Reaction Rate Constants and IR Absorption Spectra: Substituted 2-Propanols. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6188-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211534n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L. Orkin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
20899, United States
| | - Victor G. Khamaganov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
20899, United States
| | - Michael J. Kurylo
- Goddard
Earth Sciences, Technology,
and Research (GESTAR) Program, Universities Space Research Association,
Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
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16
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Vasu SS, Davidson DF, Hanson RK, Golden DM. Measurements of the reaction of OH with n-butanol at high-temperatures. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Moc J, Simmie JM. Hydrogen Abstraction from n-Butanol by the Hydroxyl Radical: High Level Ab Initio Study of the Relative Significance of Various Abstraction Channels and the Role of Weakly Bound Intermediates. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5558-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1009065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Moc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14,
50-383 Wroclaw, Poland and Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University
of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John M. Simmie
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14,
50-383 Wroclaw, Poland and Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University
of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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18
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Rajakumar B, McCabe DC, Talukdar RK, Ravishankara AR. Rate coefficients for the reactions of OH with n
-propanol and iso
-propanol between 237 and 376 K. INT J CHEM KINET 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Simmie JM, Curran HJ. Energy Barriers for the Addition of H, ĊH3, and Ċ2H5 to CH2═CHX [X = H, CH3, OH] and for H-Atom Addition to RCH═O [R = H, CH3, Ċ2H5, n-C3H7]: Implications for the Gas-Phase Chemistry of Enols. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7834-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Simmie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Henry J. Curran
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Hurley MD, Wallington TJ, Laursen L, Javadi MS, Nielsen OJ, Yamanaka T, Kawasaki M. Atmospheric Chemistry of n-Butanol: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Products of Cl Atom and OH Radical Initiated Oxidation in the Presence and Absence of NOx. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7011-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810585c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Hurley
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - T. J. Wallington
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - L. Laursen
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - M. S. Javadi
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - O. J. Nielsen
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - T. Yamanaka
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - M. Kawasaki
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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21
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Wang K, Du L, Ge M. Rate constants for the reaction of ozone with n-butyl, s-butyl and t-butyl methyl sulfides. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Wang S, Wu X, Wang Y, Li Q, Tao M. Removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2008; 15:933-937. [PMID: 18522871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on the removal of organic matters and ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by ultrasound irradiation were carried out. The effects of COD reduction and ammonia removal of power input, initial concentration, initial pH and aeration were studied. It was found that the sonolysis of organic matters proceeds via reaction with ()OH radicals; a thermal reaction also occurs with a small contribution. The rise of COD at some intervals could be explained by the complexity of organic pollutant sonolysis in landfill leachate. Ultrasonic irradiation was shown to be an effective method for the removal of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate. After 180 min ultrasound irradiation, up to 96% ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency can be obtained. It was found that the mechanism of ammonia nitrogen removal by ultrasound irradiation is largely that the free ammonia molecules in leachate enter into the cavitation bubbles and transform into nitrogen molecules and hydrogen molecules via pyrolysis under instant high temperature and high pressure in the cavitation bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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23
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Atmospheric Reactions of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds+OH Radicals: Role of Hydrogen-Bonded Intermediates and Transition States. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Bryukov MG, Vidrine RG, Dellinger B. Temperature-Dependent Kinetics Study of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH with n- and i-Propyl Bromide. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6197-203. [PMID: 17595069 DOI: 10.1021/jp072693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An experimental, temperature-dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl radical with n-propyl bromide, OH+n-C3H7Br-->products (reaction 1), and i-propyl bromide, OH+i-C3H7Br-->products (reaction 2), has been performed over wide ranges of temperatures 297-725 and 297-715 K, respectively, and at pressures between 6.67 and 26.76 kPa by a pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed laser-induced fluorescence technique. Data sets of absolute bimolecular rate coefficients obtained in this study for reactions 1 and 2 demonstrate no correlation with pressure and exhibit positive temperature dependencies that can be represented with modified three-parameter Arrhenius expressions within their corresponding experimental temperature ranges: k1(T)=(1.32x10(-17))T1.95 exp(+25/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 1 and k2(T)=(1.56x10(-24))T4.18exp(+922/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 2. The present results, which extend the current kinetics data base of reactions 1 and 2 to high temperatures, are compared with those from previous works. On the basis of the present data and available data from previous studies, the following bimolecular rate coefficient temperature dependencies can be recommended for the purpose of kinetic modeling: k1(T)=(1.89x10(-19))T2.54exp(+301/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for reaction 1 in a temperature range 210-725 K, and k2(T)=(2.83x10(-21))T3.1exp(+521/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) and k2(T)=(4.54x10(-24))T4.03exp(+860/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 2 in temperature ranges 210-480 and 297-715 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Bryukov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Mellouki A, Le Bras G, Sidebottom H. Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Oxidation of Oxygenated Organic Compounds in the Gas Phase. Chem Rev 2003; 103:5077-96. [PMID: 14664644 DOI: 10.1021/cr020526x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mellouki
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1C Avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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A QSAR study on the kinetics of the reactions of aliphatic alcohols with the photogenerated hydroxyl radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Wu H, Mu Y, Zhang X, Jiang G. Relative rate constants for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and chlorine atoms with a series of aliphatic alcohols. INT J CHEM KINET 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cavalli F, Geiger H, Barnes I, Becker KH. FTIR kinetic, product, and modeling study of the OH-initiated oxidation of 1-butanol in air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:1263-1270. [PMID: 11944678 DOI: 10.1021/es010220s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic and product study was performed on the reaction of OH radicals with 1-butanol in a 480 L indoor photoreactor and also in the EUPHORE outdoor smog chamber in Valencia, Spain. Long path in situ FTIR spectroscopy and gas chromatography with photoionization detection were used to analyze reactants and products. Using a kinetic relative rate technique, a rate coefficient of k(OH + 1-butanol) = (8.28 +/- 0.85) x 10(-12) cm3 s(-1) was measured in 740 Torr synthetic air at 298 +/- 2 K. The reaction products observed and their fractional molar yields were (in percent) butanal (51.8 +/- 7.1), propanal (23.4 +/- 3.5), ethanal (12.7 +/- 2.2), and formaldehyde (43.4 +/- 2.4). In addition, the results support the probable formation of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Propanal, ethanal, and formaldehyde could also be formed in secondary reactions of some of the primary aldehydic products. However, under the conditions employed in the experiments, the contribution from secondary reactions is very minor. On the basis of the product studies, a detailed atmospheric degradation mechanism was constructed and tested against experimental data by chemical box model calculations. Measured and simulated concentration-time profiles for selected reactants were in excellent agreement.
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30
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Measurement and analysis of ion distribution in laminar flame using an electrostatic probe. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02698403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Galano A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Bravo-Pérez G, Ruiz-Santoyo ME. Gas phase reactions of C1–C4alcohols with the OH radical: A quantum mechanical approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b205630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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