1
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Uzunova EL. Cation binding of Li(I), Na(I) and Zn(II) to cobalt and iron sulphide clusters - electronic structure study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20228-20238. [PMID: 35983907 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding of alkaline (Li+ and Na+) and zinc (Zn2+) cations to mononuclear disulphides MS2 and to persulphides, containing an S-S bond, M(S2), to binuclear disulphides M2S2 and persulphides M2(S2) and to cubic tetranuclear sulphides M4S4 where M = Fe, Co, is examined by density functional theory with the B3LYP functional, and dispersion corrections were applied. For the small-sized clusters (up to two transition metal centres), the energy gaps between different configurations were verified by CCSD(T) calculations. Persulphides M(S2) are more stable than disulphides MS2 as bare clusters, upon carbonyl and chloride ligand coordination and upon cation binding (Li+, Na+, Zn2+). The one-electron reduction of alkali cations and two-electron reduction of Zn2+ reverses order of stability and the planar disulphides (MS2-reduced cation) become more stable; the energy gap disulphide to persulphide increases. In all reduced clusters, zinc ions form bonds with sulphur and with the transition metal centre (Co or Fe). Lithium cations also form bonds to cobalt or iron, but only in the M2S2 clusters, upon reduction. Energy barriers were calculated for the disulphide to persulphide reaction in the Zn-Co-S2 system in the isolated clusters (gas-phase), in water, acetonitrile and 1-Cl-hexane solution. Most significant decrease in the energy barriers were obtained with less-polar solvents, acetonitrile, and particularly, 1-Cl-hexane. In M4S4 clusters, the cations do not reach optimal coordination to the sulphur centres. The global minima of M2S2 clusters are antiferromagnetic; in the reduced Zn-M2S2 clusters, magnetic moment is induced at zinc centres as a result of charge transfer between Zn and Co or Zn and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L Uzunova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G.Bonchev Str., block 11, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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2
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Mejuto-Zaera C, Tzeli D, Williams-Young D, Tubman NM, Matoušek M, Brabec J, Veis L, Xantheas SS, de Jong WA. The Effect of Geometry, Spin, and Orbital Optimization in Achieving Accurate, Correlated Results for Iron-Sulfur Cubanes. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:687-702. [PMID: 35034448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters comprise an important functional motif in the catalytic centers of biological systems, capable of enabling important chemical transformations at ambient conditions. This remarkable capability derives from a notoriously complex electronic structure that is characterized by a high density of states that is sensitive to geometric changes. The spectral sensitivity to subtle geometric changes has received little attention from correlated, large active space calculations, owing partly to the exceptional computational complexity for treating these large and correlated systems accurately. To provide insight into this aspect, we report the first Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) calculations for different geometries of the [Fe(II/III)4S4(SMe)4]-2 clusters using two complementary, correlated solvers: spin-pure Adaptive Sampling Configuration Interaction (ASCI) and Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG). We find that the previously established picture of a double-exchange driven magnetic structure, with minute energy gaps (<1 mHa) between consecutive spin states, has a weak dependence on the underlying geometry. However, the spin gap between the singlet and the spin state 2S + 1 = 19, corresponding to a maximal number of Fe-d electrons being unpaired and of parallel spin, is strongly geometry dependent, changing by a factor of 3 upon slight deformations that are still within biologically relevant parameters. The CASSCF orbital optimization procedure, using active spaces as large as 86 electrons in 52 orbitals, was found to reduce this gap compared to typical mean-field orbital approaches. Our results show the need for performing large active space calculations to unveil the challenging electronic structure of these complex catalytic centers and should serve as accurate starting points for fully correlated treatments upon inclusion of dynamical correlation outside the active space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mejuto-Zaera
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15784, Greece.,Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - David Williams-Young
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Norm M Tubman
- Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab. (QuAIL), Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Mikuláš Matoušek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Sotiris S Xantheas
- Advanced Computing, Mathematics and Data Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Wibe A de Jong
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Jiang GD, Li ZY, Mou LH, He SG. Dual Iron Sites in Activation of N 2 by Iron-Sulfur Cluster Anions Fe 5S 2- and Fe 5S 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9269-9274. [PMID: 34533969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the fact that the active centers of natural nitrogenases are polynuclear iron-sulfur clusters, the reactivity of isolated iron-sulfur clusters toward N2 has received considerable attention to gain fundamental insights into the activation of the N≡N triple bond. Herein, a series of gas-phase iron-sulfur cluster anions FexSy- (x = 1-8, y = 0-x) were prepared and their reactivities toward N2 were investigated systematically by mass spectrometry. Among the 44 investigated clusters, only Fe5S2- and Fe5S3- showed superior reactivity toward N2. Theoretical results revealed that N2 binds molecularly to the iron sites of Fe5S2,3- in a common end-on coordination mode with an unprecedented back-donation interaction from the localized d-d bonding orbitals of Fe-Fe sites to the π* antibonding orbitals of N2. This is the first example to disclose the significant contribution of the dual metal sites rather than the single metal atom to N2 adsorption in the prevalent end-on binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Amitouche F, Saad F, Tazibt S, Bouarab S, Vega A. Structural and Electronic Rearrangements in Fe 2S 2, Fe 3S 4, and Fe 4S 4 Atomic Clusters under the Attack of NO, CO, and O 2. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10919-10929. [PMID: 31794213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report results, based on density functional theory-generalized gradient approximation calculations, that shed light on how NO, CO, and O2 interact with Fe2S2, Fe3S4, and Fe4S4 clusters and how they modify their structural and electronic properties. The interest in these small iron sulfide clusters comes from the fact that they are at the protein cores and that elucidating fundamental aspects of their interaction with those light molecules which are known to modify their functionality may help in understanding complex behaviors in biological systems. CO and NO are found to bind molecularly, leading to moderate relaxations in the clusters, but nevertheless to changes in the spin-polarized electronic structure and related properties. In contrast, dissociative chemisorption of O2 is much more stable than molecular adsorption, giving rise to significant structural distortions, particularly in Fe4S4 that splits into two Fe2S2 subclusters. As a consequence, oxygen tends to strongly reduce the spin polarization in Fe and to weaken the Fe-Fe interaction inducing antiparallel couplings that, in the case of Fe4S4, clearly arise from indirect Fe-Fe exchange coupling mediated by O. The three molecules (particularly CO) enhance the stability of the iron-sulfur clusters. This increase is noticeably more pronounced for Fe2S2 than for the other iron-sulfur clusters of different compositions, a result that correlates with the fact that in recent experiments of CO reaction with FemSm (m = 1-4), the Fe2S2CO product results as a prominent one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrés Vega
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica , Universidad de Valladolid , Paseo Belèn 7 , E-47011 Valladolid , Spain
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5
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Yin S, Bernstein ER. Fe-V sulfur clusters studied through photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22610-22622. [PMID: 30123901 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron-vanadium sulfur cluster anions are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) at 3.492 eV (355 nm) and 4.661 eV (266 nm) photon energies, and by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structural properties, relative energies of different structural isomers, and the calculated first vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of different structural isomers for cluster anions FeVS1-3- and FemVnSm+n- (m + n = 3, 4; m > 0, n > 0) are investigated at a BPW91/TZVP theory level. The experimental first VDEs for these Fe-V sulfur clusters are reported. The most probable ground state structures and spin multiplicities for these clusters are tentatively assigned by comparing their theoretical and experiment first VDE values. For FeVS1-3- clusters, their first VDEs are generally observed to increase with the number of sulfur atoms from 1.45 eV to 2.86 eV. The NBO/HOMOs of the ground state of FeVS1-3- clusters are localized in a p orbital on a S atom; the partial charge distribution on the NBO/HOMO localized site of each cluster anion is responsible for the trend of their first VDEs. A less negative localized charge distribution is correlated with a higher first VDE. Structure and steric effect differences for FemVnSm+n- (m + n = 3, m > 0, n > 0) clusters are suggested to be responsible for their different first VDEs and properties. Two types of structural isomers are identified for FemVnSm+n- (m + n = 4, m > 0, n > 0) clusters: a tower structure isomer and a cubic structure isomer. The first VDEs for tower like isomers are generally higher than those for cubic like isomers of FemVnSm+n- (m + n = 4, m > 0, n > 0) clusters. Their first VDEs are can be understood through: (1) NBO/HOMO distributions, (2) structures (steric effects), and (3) partial charge numbers on the NBO/HOMO's localized sites. EBEs for excited state transitions for all Fe-V sulfur clusters are calculated employing OVGF and TDDFT approaches at the TZVP level. The OVGF approach for these Fe/V/S cluster anions is better for the higher transition energies than the TDDTF approach. The experimental and theoretical results for these Fe/V/S cluster anions are compared with their related pure iron sulfur cluster anions. Properties of the NBO/HOMO are essential for understanding and estimating the different first VDEs for Fe/V/S, and comparing them to those of the pure Fe/S cluster anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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6
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Lang SM, Miyajima K, Bernhardt TM, Mafuné F, Barnett RN, Landman U. Thermal stability of iron-sulfur clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7781-7790. [PMID: 29504007 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition of free cationic iron-sulfur clusters FexSy+ (x = 0-7, y = 0-9) is investigated by collisional post-heating in the temperature range between 300 and 1000 K. With increasing temperature the preferential formation of stoichiometric FexSy+ (y = x) or near stoichiometric FexSy+ (y = x ± 1) clusters is observed. In particular, Fe4S4+ represents the most abundant product up to 600 K, Fe3S3+ and Fe3S2+ are preferably formed between 600 K and 800 K, and Fe2S2+ clearly dominates the cluster distribution above 800 K. These temperature dependent fragment distributions suggest a sequential fragmentation mechanism, which involves the loss of sulfur and iron atoms as well as FeS units, and indicate the particular stability of Fe2S2+. The potential fragmentation pathways are discussed based on first principles calculations and a mechanism involving the isomerization of the cluster prior to fragmentation is proposed. The fragmentation behavior of the iron-sulfur clusters is in marked contrast to the previously reported thermal dissociation of analogous iron-oxide clusters, which resulted in the release of O2 molecules only, without loss of metal atoms and without any tendency to form particular prominent and stable FexOy+ clusters at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Lang
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
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7
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Yin S, Bernstein ER. Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory studies of (FeS) mH - (m = 2-4) cluster anions: effects of the single hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 20:367-382. [PMID: 29210391 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single hydrogen containing iron hydrosulfide cluster anions (FeS)mH- (m = 2-4) are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) at 3.492 eV (355 nm) and 4.661 eV (266 nm) photon energies, and by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The structural properties, relative energies of different spin states and isomers, and the first calculated vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of different spin states for these (FeS)mH- (m = 2-4) cluster anions are investigated at various reasonable theory levels. Two types of structural isomers are found for these (FeS)mH- (m = 2-4) clusters: (1) the single hydrogen atom bonds to a sulfur site (SH-type); and (2) the single hydrogen atom bonds to an iron site (FeH-type). Experimental and theoretical results suggest such available different SH- and FeH-type structural isomers should be considered when evaluating the properties and behavior of these single hydrogen containing iron sulfide clusters in real chemical and biological systems. Compared to their related, respective pure iron sulfur (FeS)m- clusters, the first VDE trend of the diverse type (FeS)mH0,1- (m = 1-4) clusters can be understood through (1) the different electron distribution properties of their highest singly occupied molecular orbital employing natural bond orbital analysis (NBO/HSOMO), and (2) the partial charge distribution on the NBO/HSOMO localized sites of each cluster anion. Generally, the properties of the NBO/HSOMOs play the principal role with regard to the physical and chemical properties of all the anions. The change of cluster VDE from low to high is associated with the change in nature of their NBO/HSOMO from a dipole bound and valence electron mixed character, to a valence p orbital on S, to a valence d orbital on Fe, and to a valence p orbital on Fe or an Fe-Fe delocalized valence bonding orbital. For clusters having the same properties for NBO/HSOMOs, the partial charge distributions at the NBO/HSOMO localized sites additionally affect their VDEs: a more negative or less positive localized charge distribution is correlated with a lower first VDE. The single hydrogen in these (FeS)mH- (m = 2-4) cluster anions is suggested to affect their first VDEs through the different structure types (SH- or FeH-), the nature of the NBO/HSOMOs at the local site, and the value of partial charge number at the local site of the NBO/HSOMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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8
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Yin S, Bernstein ER. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Studies of Iron Sulfur (FeS)m– (m = 2–8) Cluster Anions: Coexisting Multiple Spin States. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7362-7373. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of Chemistry,
NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry,
NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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9
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Huang W, Jiang N, Schwarz WHE, Yang P, Li J. Diversity of Chemical Bonding and Oxidation States in MS 4 Molecules of Group 8 Elements. Chemistry 2017; 23:10580-10589. [PMID: 28516506 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The geometric and electronic ground-state structures of 30 isomers of six MS4 molecules (M=Group 8 metals Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, and Pu) have been studied by using quantum-chemical density functional theory and correlated wavefunction approaches. The MS4 species were compared to analogous MO4 species recently investigated (W. Huang, W.-H. Xu, W. H. E. Schwarz, J. Li, Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 4616). A metal oxidation state (MOS) with a high value of eight appeared in the low-spin singlet Td geometric species (Os,Hs)S4 and (Ru,Os,Hs)O4 , whereas a low MOS of two appeared in the high-spin septet D2d species Fe(S2 )2 and (slightly excited) metastable Fe(O2 )2 . The ground states of all other molecules had intermediate MOS values, with S2- , S22- , S21- (and O2- , O1- , O22- , O21- ) ligands bonded by ionic, covalent, and correlative contributions. The known tendencies toward lower MOS on going from oxides to sulfides, from Hs to Os to Ru, and from Pu to Sm, and the specific behavior of Fe, were found to arise from the different atomic orbital energies and radii of the (n-1)p core and (n-1)d and (n-2)f valence shells of the metal atoms in row n of the periodic table. The comparative results of the electronic and geometric structures of the MO4 and MS4 species provides insight into the periodicity of oxidation states and bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57068, Germany
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 953002, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 953002, USA
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10
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Tazibt S, Chikhaoui A, Bouarab S, Vega A. Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Iron Disulfide FenS20/± (n = 1–6) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3768-3780. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tazibt
- Faculté
du Génie Electrique et d’Informatique, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. 17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - A. Chikhaoui
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. 17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - S. Bouarab
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. 17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - A. Vega
- Departamento
de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Lang SM, Zhou S, Schwarz H. Tuning the oxidative power of free iron-sulfur clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8055-8060. [PMID: 28265613 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactions between a series of di-iron sulfur clusters Fe2Sx+ (x = 1-3) and the small alkenes C2H4, C3H6, and C4H8 have been investigated by means of Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. For all studied alkenes, the reaction efficiency is found to increase in the order Fe2S+ < Fe2S2+ < Fe2S3+. In particular, Fe2S+ and Fe2S2+ only form simple association products, whereas the sulfur-rich Fe2S3+ is able to dehydrogenate propene and 2-butene via desulfurization of the cluster and formation of H2S. This indicates an increased propensity to induce oxidation reactions, i.e. oxidative power, of Fe2S3+ that is attributed to an increased formal oxidation state of the iron atoms. Furthermore, the ability of Fe2S3+ to activate and dissociate the C-H bonds of the alkenes is observed to increase with increasing size of the alkene and thus correlates with the alkene ionization energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Lang
- Institut für Oberflächenchemie und Katalyse, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany. and Institut für Chemieingenieurwesen, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Yin S, Bernstein ER. Properties of iron sulfide, hydrosulfide, and mixed sulfide/hydrosulfide cluster anions through photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:154302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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13
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Uzunova EL, Mikosch H. Electronic, magnetic structure and water splitting reactivity of the iron-sulfur dimers and their hexacarbonyl complexes: A density functional study. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:044307. [PMID: 25084910 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron sulfide dimers (FeS)2 and their persulfide isomers with S-S bonds are studied with the B3LYP density functional as bare clusters and as hexacarbonyls. The disulfides are more stable than the persulfides as bare clusters and the persulfide ground state lies at 3.2 eV above the global minimum, while in the hexacarbonyl complexes this order is reversed: persulfides are more stable, but the energy gap between disulfides and persulfides becomes much smaller and the activation barrier for the transition persulfide → disulfide is 1.11 eV. Carbonylation also favors a non-planar Fe2S2 ring for both the disulfides and the persulfides and high electron density in the Fe2S2 core is induced. The diamagnetic ordering is preferred in the hexacarbonyls, unlike the bare clusters. The hexacarbonyls possess low-lying triplet excited states. In the persulfide, the lowest singlet-to-triplet state excitation occurs by electron transition from the iron centers to an orbital located predominantly at S2 via metal-to-ligand charge transfer. In the disulfide this excitation corresponds to ligand-to-metal charge transfer from the sulfur atoms to an orbital located at the iron centers and the Fe-Fe bond. Water splitting occurs on the hexacarbonyls, but not on the bare clusters. The singlet and triplet state reaction paths were examined and activation barriers were determined: 50 kJ mol(-1) for HO-H bond dissociation and 210 kJ mol(-1) for hydrogen evolution from the intermediate sulfoxyl-hydroxyl complexes Fe2S(OH)(SH)(CO)6 formed. The lowest singlet-singlet excitations in the hexacarbonyls, the water adsorption complexes and in the reaction intermediates, formed prior to dihydrogen release, fall in the visible light region. The energy barrier of 210 kJ mol(-1) for the release of one hydrogen molecule corresponds to one visible photon of 570 nm. The dissociation of a second water molecule, followed by H2 and O2 release via hydro-peroxide intermediate is a two-step process, with activation barriers of 218 and 233 kJ mol(-1), which also fall in the visible light region. A comparison of the full reaction path with that on diiron dioxide hexacarbonyls Fe2O2(CO)6 is traced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L Uzunova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Hans Mikosch
- Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/E164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Terranova U, de Leeuw NH. Aqueous Fe2S2 cluster: structure, magnetic coupling, and hydration behaviour from Hubbard U density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:13426-33. [PMID: 24881882 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a DFT + U investigation of the all-ferrous Fe2S2 cluster in aqueous solution. We determine the value of U by tuning the geometry of the cluster in the gas-phase to that obtained by the highly accurate CCSD(T) method. When the optimised value of U is employed for the aqueous Fe2S2 cluster (Fe2S2(aq)), the resulting geometry agrees well with the X-ray diffraction structure, while the magnetic coupling is in line with the estimate from Mössbauer data. Molecular dynamics trajectories predict Fe2S2(aq) to be stable in water, regardless of the introduction of U. However, significant differences arise in the geometry, hydration, and exchange constant of the solvated clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Terranova
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Tran VT, Hendrickx MFA. Molecular Structures for FeS4–/0 As Determined from an ab Initio Study of the Anion Photoelectron Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3227-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Afdeling
Kwantumchemie en Fysicochemie, Departement
Chemie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc F. A. Hendrickx
- Afdeling
Kwantumchemie en Fysicochemie, Departement
Chemie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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Li YN, Wang S, Wang T, Gao R, Geng CY, Li YW, Wang J, Jiao H. Energies and Spin States of FeS0/−, FeS20/−, Fe2S20/−, Fe3S40/−, and Fe4S40/−Clusters. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1182-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201201043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yin S, Wang Z, Bernstein ER. Formaldehyde and methanol formation from reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on neutral Fe2S2 clusters in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4699-706. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50183c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Probing the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of multicenter Fe2S2 0/−, Fe3S4 0/− and Fe4S4 0/− clusters. J Mol Model 2012; 19:1527-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Zhong MM, Kuang XY, Wang ZH, Shao P, Ding LP. Probing the structural and electronic properties of aluminum-sulfur Al n S m (2 ≤ n + m ≤ 6) clusters and their oxides. J Mol Model 2012; 19:263-74. [PMID: 22872417 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Zhong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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21
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Lang SM, Bernhardt TM. Gas phase metal cluster model systems for heterogeneous catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9255-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40660h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Tran VT, Hendrickx MFA. Assignment of the photoelectron spectra of FeS3(-) by density functional theory, CASPT2, and RCCSD(T) calculations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13956-64. [PMID: 22035064 DOI: 10.1021/jp208824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The geometric structures of FeS(3) and FeS(3)(-) with spin multiplicities ranging from singlet to octet were optimized at the B3LYP level, allowing two low-lying conformations for these clusters to be identified. The planar D(3h) conformation contains three S(2-) atomic ligands (S(3)Fe(0/-)), whereas the C(2v) structure contains, in addition to an atomic S(2-) ligand, also a S(2)(2-) ligand that is side-on-bound to the iron cation: an η(2)-S(2)FeS conformation. Subsequently, energy differences between the various states of these conformations were estimated by carrying out geometry optimizations at the multireference CASPT2 level. Several competing structures for the ground state of the anionic cluster were recognized at this level. Relative stabilities were also estimated by performing single-point RCSSD(T) calculations on the B3LYP geometries. The ground state of the neutral complex was unambiguously found to be (5)B(2). The ground state of the anion is considerably less certain. The 1(4)B(2), 2(4)B(2), (4)B(1), and (6)A(1) states were all found as low-lying η(2)-S(2)FeS(-) states. Also, (4)B(2) of S(3)Fe(-) has a comparable CASPT2 energy. In contrast, B3LYP and RCCSD(T) mutually agree that the S(3)Fe(-) state is at a much higher energy. Energetically, the bands of the photoelectron spectra of FeS(3)(-) are reproduced at the CASPT2 level as ionizations from either the (4)B(2) or (6)A(1) state of η(2)-S(2)FeS. However, the Franck-Condon factors obtained from a harmonic vibrational analysis at the B3LYP level show that only the (4)B(2)-to-(5)B(2) ionization, which preserves the η(2)-S(2)Fe-S conformation, provides the best vibrational progression match with the X band of the experimental photoelectron spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Afdeling Kwantumchemie en Fysicochemie, Departement Chemie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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Zhao YC, Yuan J, Zhang ZG, Xu HG, Zheng W. Structures of manganese polysulfides: mass-selected photodissociation and density functional calculations. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2502-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Zhang XH, Fang R. A density functional theory study of methane to methanethiol conversion by first-row transition-metal sulfide ion: MnS+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wyrwas RB, Yoder BL, Maze JT, Jarrold CC. Reactivity of Small MoxOy- Clusters toward Methane and Ethane. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2157-64. [PMID: 16466251 DOI: 10.1021/jp057195n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of Mo2Oy- suboxide clusters with both methane and ethane have been studied with a combination of mass spectrometry, anion photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Reactions were carried out under "gentle" and "violent" conditions. For methane, a number of products appeared under the gentler source conditions that were more logically attributed to dissociation of Mo2Oy- clusters upon reacting with methane to form MoCH2-, Mo(O)CH2-, and HMo(O2)CH3-. With ethane, products observed under the same gentle conditions were Mo(O)C2H2-, Mo(O)C2H4-, Mo(O2)C2H4-, and Mo(O2)(C2H5)2-. As expected, more products were observed when the reactions were carried out under violent conditions. The photoelectron spectra obtained for these species were compared to calculated adiabatic and vertical electron affinities and vibrational frequencies, leading to definitive structural assignments for several of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Wyrwas
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Yoder BL, Maze JT, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Structures of Mo2Oy− and Mo2Oy (y=2, 3, and 4) studied by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:094313. [PMID: 15836134 DOI: 10.1063/1.1853379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The competitive structural isomers of the Mo(2)O(y) (-)Mo(2)O(y) (y=2, 3, and 4) clusters are investigated using a combination of anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The PE spectrum and calculations for MoO(3) (-)MoO(3) are also presented to show the level of agreement to be expected between the spectra and calculations. For MoO(3) (-) and MoO(3), the calculations predict symmetric C(3v) structures, an adiabatic electron affinity of 3.34 eV, which is above the observed value 3.17(2) eV. However, there is good agreement between observed and calculated vibrational frequencies and band profiles. The PE spectra of Mo(2)O(2) (-) and Mo(2)O(3) (-) are broad and congested, with partially resolved vibrational structure on the lowest energy bands observed in the spectra. The electron affinities (EA(a)s) of the corresponding clusters are 2.24(2) and 2.33(7) eV, respectively. Based on the calculations, the most stable structure of Mo(2)O(2) (-) is Y shaped, with the two Mo atoms directly bonded. Assignment of the Mo(2)O(3) (-) spectrum is less definitive, but a O-Mo-O-Mo-O structure is more consistent with overall electronic structure observed in the spectrum. The PE spectrum of Mo(2)O(4) (-) shows cleanly resolved vibrational structure and electronic bands, and the EA of the corresponding Mo(2)O(4) is determined to be 2.13(4) eV. The structure most consistent with the observed spectrum has two oxygen bridge bonds between the Mo atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA
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Zhai HJ, Yang X, Fu YJ, Wang XB, Wang LS. Sequential oxidation of the cubane [4Fe--4S] cluster from [4Fe--4S](-) to [4Fe--4S](3+) in Fe(4)S(4)L(n)(-) complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8413-20. [PMID: 15237997 DOI: 10.1021/ja0498437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous Fe(4)S(n)(-) (n = 4-6) clusters and synthetic analogue complexes, Fe(4)S(4)L(n)(-) (L = Cl, Br, I; n = 1-4), were produced by laser vaporization of a solid Fe/S target and electrospray from solution samples, respectively, and their electronic structures were probed by photoelectron spectroscopy. Low binding energy features derived from minority-spin Fe 3d electrons were clearly distinguished from S-derived bands. We showed that the electronic structure of the simplest Fe(4)S(4)(-) cubane cluster can be described by the two-layer spin-coupling model previously developed for the [4Fe] cubane analogues. The photoelectron data revealed that each extra S atom in Fe(4)S(5)(-) and Fe(4)S(6)(-) removes two minority-spin Fe 3d electrons from the [4Fe--4S] cubane core and each halogen ligand removes one Fe 3d electron from the cubane core in the Fe(4)S(4)L(n)(-) complexes, clearly revealing a behavior of sequential oxidation of the cubane over five formal oxidation states: [4Fe--4S](-) --> [4Fe--4S](0) --> [4Fe--4S](+) --> [4Fe-4S](2+) --> [4Fe-4S](3+). The current work shows the electron-storage capability of the [4Fe--4S] cubane, contributes to the understanding of its electronic structure, and further demonstrates the robustness of the cubane as a structural unit and electron-transfer center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Koszinowski K, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Formation and Reactivity of Gaseous Iron-Sulfur Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ohara M, Koyasu K, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Geometric and electronic structures of metal (M)-doped silicon clusters (M=Ti, Hf, Mo and W). Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The relative energies of a multitude of low-lying electronic states of Fe2S-/0/+ are determined by complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations. The numerous states obtained are assigned to spin ladders. For selected states, dynamic correlation has been included by multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) and the structures of some high-spin states have been optimized by CASSCF/MRCI. Comparison is made with structures obtained by density-functional theoretical calculations. The ground states of Fe2S-/0/+ are 10B2, 1A1 and 8A2, respectively, and the total splittings of the lowest-energy spin ladders are about 0.18, 0.07 and 0.13 eV, respectively. The spin ladders of Fe2S qualitatively reflect the picture of Heisenberg spin coupling. While both Fe2S- and Fe2S+ show an Fe-Fe distance of about 270 pm, that of Fe2S is about 100 pm longer. The calculated adiabatic electron affinity of Fe2S is 1.2 eV and the ionization energy 6.6 eV. An interpretation of the observed photoelectron spectrum of Fe2S- is given.
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Koszinowski K, Schröder D, Schwarz H, Liyanage R, Armentrout PB. Thermochemistry of small cationic iron–sulfur clusters. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1518004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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32
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Ohara M, Miyajima K, Pramann A, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Geometric and Electronic Structures of Terbium−Silicon Mixed Clusters (TbSin; 6 ≤ n ≤ 16). J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012952c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ohara
- Keio University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - K. Miyajima
- Keio University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - A. Pramann
- Keio University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - A. Nakajima
- Keio University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - K. Kaya
- Keio University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Rienstra-Kiracofe JC, Tschumper GS, Schaefer HF, Nandi S, Ellison GB. Atomic and molecular electron affinities: photoelectron experiments and theoretical computations. Chem Rev 2002; 102:231-82. [PMID: 11782134 DOI: 10.1021/cr990044u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 851] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hübner O, Sauer J. Structure and thermochemistry of Fe2S2−/0/+gas phase clusters and their fragments. B3LYP calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b207188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Socaciu LD, Hagen J, Heiz U, Bernhardt TM, Leisner T, Wöste L. Reaction mechanism for the oxidation of free silver dimers. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schröder D, Kretzschmar I, Schwarz H, Rue C, Armentrout PB. On the Structural Dichotomy of Cationic, Anionic, and Neutral FeS(2). Inorg Chem 1999; 38:3474-3480. [PMID: 11671091 DOI: 10.1021/ic990241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural and thermochemical aspects of the FeS(2)(+) cation are examined by different mass spectrometric methods and ab initio calculations using density functional theory. Accurate threshold measurements provide thermochemical data for FeS(+), FeS(2)(+), and FeCS(+), i.e., D(0)(Fe(+)-S) = 3.06 +/- 0.06 eV, D(0)(SFe(+)-S) = 3.59 +/- 0.12 eV, D(0)(Fe(+)-S(2)) = 2.31 +/- 0.12 eV, and D(0)(Fe(+)-CS) = 2.40 +/- 0.12 eV. Fortunate circumstances allow a refinement of the data for FeS(+) by means of ion/molecule equilibria, and the resulting D(0)(Fe(+)-S) = 3.08 +/- 0.04 eV is among the most precisely known binding energies of transition-metal compounds. The present results agree with previous experimental findings and also corroborate the computed data for FeS(+) and FeS(2)(+). Ab initio calculations predict a sextet ground state ((6)A(1)) for FeS(2)(+) with a cyclic structure. The presence of S-S and Fe-S bonds accounts for the fact that not only reactions involving the disulfur unit but also sulfur-atom transfer can occur. In contrast, the FeS(2)(-) anion is an acyclic iron disulfide. In the gas phase, neutral FeS(2) may adopt either acyclic or cyclic structures, which are rather close in energy according to the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Kretzschmar I, Schröder D, Schwarz H, Rue C, Armentrout PB. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Vanadium Sulfide Cation. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982199w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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