1
|
Bu XM, Niu DM, Wu J, Yuan YL, Song JX, Wang JJ. Elevated levels of preβ1-high-density lipoprotein are associated with cholesterol ester transfer protein, the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:4. [PMID: 28073362 PMCID: PMC5223436 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preβ1-high-density lipoprotein (preβ1-HDL), plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport and exhibits potent risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the association of plasma preβ1-HDL and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) levels in CAD patients and the relationship of preβ1-HDL with extent of CAD are debatable. Methods Preβ1-HDL and CETP levels were measured by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) in 88 acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 79 stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) patients and 85 control subjects. The correlation analyses, multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were performed, respectively. Results The preβ1-HDL and CETP levels in ACS patients were significantly higher than those in SCAD patients and both of them were higher than controls’. Preβ1-HDL levels were positively associated with CETP (R = 0.348, P = 0.000), the diameter of stenosis (R = 0.253, P = 0.005), the number of vessel disease (R = 0.274, P = 0.002) and Gensini score (R = 0.227, P = 0.009) in CAD patients. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that CETP was one of the determinants of preβ1-HDL levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated preβ1-HDL and CETP were potential risk factors for both ACS and SCAD. Conclusion The elevated preβ1-HDL levels may change with CETP concentrations in CAD patients and were related to the presence and severity of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Bu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Dong-Mei Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yun-Long Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jia-Xi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Jun-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tosheska K, Labudovic D, Jovanova S, Jaglikovski B, Alabakovska S. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, low density lipoprotein particle size and intima media thickness in patients with coronary heart disease. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2012; 11:169-73. [PMID: 21875419 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2011.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport and high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Predominance of small, dense LDL particles is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD).The aim of the study was to determine the potential relationship between the CETP concentration and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size and their association with intima media thickness (IMT) in patients with CHD. Lipid parameters, CETP concentration and LDL particle size were determined in 100 healthy subjects (control group) and in 100 patients with CHD, aged 43 to 77 years. Plasma CETP concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay with two different monoclonal antibodies. LDL subclasses were separated by nondenaturing polyacrilamide 3-31% gradient gel electrophoresis. CETP concentration was higher in patients compared to controls (2.02 ± 0.75 mg/ml vs. 1.74 ± 0.63 mg/ml, p<0.01). Mean LDL particle size (nm) was significantly smaller in patients than in controls (24.5 ± 1.1 vs. 26.1 ± 0.9; p<0.001). There was no relation between LDL particle size and CETP concentration (r=-0.1807, p=0.072). Age, diastolic blood pressure, CETP concentration and LDL particle size were independent factors for determing IMT by multiple linear regression analysis. They accounted for 35.2 % of the observed variability in IMT. CETP is not an independent contributor of LDL particle size. CETP might play a role in determining lipoprotein distributions, but did not seem to be the sole factor in the formation of small LDL particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tosheska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okamura T, Sekikawa A, Kadowaki T, El-Saed A, Abbott RD, Curb JD, Edmundowicz D, Nakamura Y, Murata K, Kashiwagi A, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Evans RW, Zmuda JM, Maegawa H, Hozawa A, Mitsunami KI, Nishio Y, Miljkovic-Gacic I, Horie M, Miyamatsu N, Murakami Y, Kuller LH, Ueshima H. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, coronary calcium, and intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in middle-age Japanese men. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104:818-22. [PMID: 19733717 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The relation between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels and atherosclerosis is controversial. We examined whether the serum CETP levels were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of its most common gene variant, in a sample of Japanese men. A population-based cross-sectional study of 250 Japanese men aged 40 to 49 years was conducted to assess the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery, coronary artery calcium, serum CETP levels, and the CETP D442G gene variant. Compared with the lowest CETP quartile, the multivariate adjusted odds ratio for coronary artery calcium was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.18 to 3.36), 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 3.40), and 3.49 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 11.6) with increasing CETP quartiles. The serum CETP quartiles were also positively associated with the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (adjusted mean 602, 616, 615, and 646 mum for the lowest to top quartile, respectively). The findings remained unchanged after additional adjustment for the CETP D442G gene variant. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of coronary artery calcium or in the mean intima-media thickness of the carotid artery between participants with and without the CETP D442G gene variant.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye D, Kraaijeveld AO, Grauss RW, Willems SM, van Vark-van der Zee LC, de Jager SCA, Jauhiainen M, Kuivenhoven JA, Dallinga-Thie GM, Atsma DE, Hogendoorn PCW, Biessen EAL, Van Berkel TJC, Jukema JW, van Eck M. Reduced leucocyte cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression in acute coronary syndromes. J Intern Med 2008; 264:571-85. [PMID: 18783479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in HDL cholesterol metabolism. Leucocytes, including monocyte-derived macrophages in the arterial wall synthesize and secrete CETP, but its role in atherosclerosis is unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) on leucocyte CETP expression. RESEARCH DESIGN Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were freshly isolated from hospitalized ACS patients displaying Braunwald class IIIB unstable angina pectoris (UAP) on admission (t = 0) and at 180 days post inclusion (t = 180) for analysis of CETP expression. In addition, to prove the potential correlation between leucocyte CETP and ACS the effect of acute myocardial infarction on leucocyte CETP expression was studied in CETP transgenic mice. RESULTS Upon admission, UAP patients displayed approximately 3-6 fold (P < 0.01) lower CETP mRNA and nearly absent CETP protein expression in PBMCs, as compared to healthy age-/sex-matched controls. Interestingly, CETP mRNA and protein levels were significantly elevated in PBMCs isolated from UAP patients (both stabilized and refractory) at t = 180 as compared to t = 0 (P < 0.01), which was correlated with a reduced inflammatory status after medical treatment. In agreement with the data obtained in UAP patients, markedly down-regulated leucocyte CETP mRNA expression was observed after coronary artery ligation in CETP transgenic mice, which also correlated with increased serum amyloid A levels. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to report that episodes of UAP in humans and myocardial infarction in CETP transgenic mice are associated with reduced leucocyte CETP expression. We propose that the impairment in leucocyte CETP production is associated with an enhanced inflammatory status, which could be clinically relevant for the pathogenesis of ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ye
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang C, Niu D, Li K, Yang Y, Liu X, Zhuang Y, Zhang J, Wang J. Reference values for serum levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and its distribution characteristics in healthy Chinese children and newborns. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:1107-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
6
|
Quarta G, Stanzione R, Evangelista A, Zanda B, Sciarretta S, Di Angelantonio E, Marchitti S, Di Murro D, Volpe M, Rubattu S. A protective role of a cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene variant towards ischaemic stroke in Sardinians. J Intern Med 2007; 262:555-61. [PMID: 17949364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a strong, inverse, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the relationship between a common variant of CETP gene, the Taq1 B polymorphism, that has been previously associated with CETP blood concentrations, and the risk of ischaemic stroke in a genetically homogenous population from the Sardinia island, Italy. This population has been previously shown to be a highly conservative sample. DESIGN A total of 215 cases of ischaemic stroke and 236 controls were selected and characterized for the CETP Taq1 B polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared amongst cases and controls. RESULTS Age, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were independent risk factors for stroke in this cohort. We found that presence of the CETP Taq1 B2 allele was associated with a significantly decreased risk of ischaemic stroke when assuming a recessive mode of inheritance (OR 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34-0.90, P = 0.017). This result was confirmed by multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, presence of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia (OR 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32-0.88, P = 0.014). By performing separate analysis for gender we found that the effect was present in females but not in males, with a significant sex-CETP gene variant interaction for both recessive (P = 0.005) and additive (P = 0.029) modes of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the Taq1 B2 allelic variant of the CETP gene may be associated, as a protective factor, with occurrence of ischaemic stroke. Further studies are needed to further elucidate the clinical implications of our finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Quarta
- Department of Cardiology, IInd School of Medicine, University La Sapienza, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeller M, Masson D, Farnier M, Lorgis L, Deckert V, Pais de Barros JP, Desrumaux C, Sicard P, Grober J, Blache D, Gambert P, Rochette L, Cottin Y, Lagrost L. High Serum Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Rates and Small High-Density Lipoproteins Are Associated With Young Age in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:1948-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Wang J, Gu Q, Li K, Zhang C. CETP and oxidized LDL levels increase in dyslipidemic subjects. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:995-9. [PMID: 17658505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the possible associations among cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), contents of lipids in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and in vivo oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL). DESIGN AND METHODS CETP and Ox-LDL were both detected by ELISA. Their levels and the lipid contents of LDL were investigated in 200 subjects with various dyslipidaemias. RESULTS Compared to the control, CETP levels were significantly increased in subjects with mixed hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemic. Ox-LDL levels were only significantly increased in mixed hyperlipidaemia subjects. Triacyglycerols to cholesterol ratio in LDL was significantly increased in various dyslipidaemias subjects, of which, hypertriglyceridaemic subjects exhibited the most significant change, while hypercholesterolaemic subjects the least. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that total cholesterol and triacyglycerols levels in very low-density lipoprotein were significantly related with CETP (R(2)=0.066), and triacyglycerols and total cholesterol levels were significantly related with Ox-LDL (R(2)=0.094), respectively. CONCLUSIONS High CETP promotes the transport of lipids among lipoproteins, which changed the lipid composition of LDL, resulting in the increase of in vivo Ox-LDL level, and subsequently contributing to the atherogenic process in dyslipidaemias subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002, 305# East Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang C, Yao M, Wang X, Zhuang Y, Xia Z, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu X, Li K, Wang J. Effect of hypoalbuminemia on the increased serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:869-75. [PMID: 17555738 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the alteration of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mass with the regression of albumin level in childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) in order to clarify the effect of albumin on CETP in NS. DESIGN AND METHODS Serum concentrations of CETP, kidney parameters and lipid traits were determined in 110 children with idiopathic NS and 150 control subjects. Of the NS patients, 69 children with an active phase formed group 1, and 41 in remission formed group 2. RESULTS Group 1 presented severe hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia, while group 2 exhibited marked recovery in both serum albumin level and lipid/lipoprotein profile. CETP concentration was significantly higher in group 1 (7.36+/-2.43 mg/L, compared with controls 3.38+/-1.83 mg/L, P<0.0001), and declined to within normal range in group 2 (2.91+/-1.77 mg/L). CETP concentration had a strong inverse correlation with serum albumin level (r=-0.688, P<0.0001) in NS patients. Furthermore, when multiple linear regression analysis was performed, in which albumin, proteinuria, lipid traits, and prednisone dose were treated as independent variables, albumin was the only variable showing a significant correlation with CETP in the NS patients (R(2)=0.587, beta=-0.475, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the decreased serum albumin level might be a main determinant of the increased CETP concentration in pediatric NS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang C, Zhuang Y, Liu X, Chen D, Wang G, Liu Q, Wang J. Changes in cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration during normal gestation. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyi Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daning Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Department of Radioimmunology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marschang P, Sandhofer A, Ritsch A, Fiŝer I, Kvas E, Patsch JR. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentrations predict cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease treated with pravastatin. J Intern Med 2006; 260:151-9. [PMID: 16882279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The B1B1 variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism and high plasma CETP concentrations are associated with favourable angiographic outcomes in pravastatin-treated patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of the present study was to test whether CETP TaqIB genotypes and/or plasma CETP concentrations at baseline also predict clinical end-points in patients with CAD. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal observational study. SETTING Primary care doctors (n=88) and hospitals (n=7) in Austria. SUBJECTS A total of 1620 men and women with preexisting CAD were recruited and plasma lipids were determined at study entry. 1389 hypercholesterolaemic patients were included and 1002 patients completed the follow-up. INTERVENTIONS In all patients treatment with pravastatin was started and patients were followed up for 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular events. RESULTS One hundred patients suffered at least one cardiovascular event. We observed significantly more events in patients within the lowest compared with the highest quartile of plasma CETP concentrations (odds ratio 3.20, CI95 1.65-6.23; P=0.001, adjusted for known risk factors of CAD). No significantly different numbers of cardiovascular events were found between CETP TaqIB genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Plasma CETP concentrations, but not CETP TaqIB genotypes, predict cardiovascular events in patients with CAD treated with pravastatin. Despite higher LDL cholesterol concentrations, high plasma CETP concentrations at baseline are associated with fewer cardiovascular events compared with low plasma CETP concentrations in CAD patients treated with pravastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Marschang
- Clinical Division of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boekholdt SM, Kuivenhoven JA, Wareham NJ, Peters RJG, Jukema JW, Luben R, Bingham SA, Day NE, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT. Plasma Levels of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and the Risk of Future Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Men and Women. Circulation 2004; 110:1418-23. [PMID: 15337694 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000141730.65972.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Low plasma levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are associated with elevated levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), but it remains unclear whether this translates into a concomitant reduction in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Evidence exists that the effect of CETP depends on metabolic context, in particular on triglyceride levels.
Methods and Results—
A nested case-control study was performed in the prospective EPIC-Norfolk cohort study. Cases were apparently healthy men and women aged 45 to 79 years who developed fatal or nonfatal CAD during follow-up. Control subjects were matched by age, sex, and enrollment time. CETP levels were not significantly different between cases and controls (4.0±2.2 versus 3.8±2.1 mg/L,
P
=0.07). CETP levels were significantly related to plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL-C. The risk of CAD increased with increasing CETP quintiles (
P
for linearity=0.02), such that subjects in the highest quintile had an adjusted OR of 1.43 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.99,
P
=0.03) versus those in the lowest. Among individuals with triglyceride levels below the median (1.7 mmol/L), no relationship between CETP levels and CAD risk was observed (
P
for linearity=0.5), but this relationship was strong among those with high triglyceride levels (
P
for linearity=0.02), such that those in the highest CETP quintile had an OR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.30,
P
=0.02).
Conclusions—
Elevated CETP levels are associated with an increasing risk of future CAD in apparently healthy individuals, but only in those with high triglyceride levels.
Collapse
|
13
|
Klerkx AHEM, de Grooth GJ, Zwinderman AH, Jukema JW, Kuivenhoven JA, Kastelein JJP. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration is associated with progression of atherosclerosis and response to pravastatin in men with coronary artery disease (REGRESS). Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34:21-8. [PMID: 14984434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene is associated with HDL-C, progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and response to pravastatin treatment in men with angiographically proven CAD (REGRESS). We hypothesized that differences in CETP concentration could explain these associations and now investigated whether CETP concentration is an independent determinant of these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma CETP concentrations at baseline and after 2 years' treatment with pravastatin or placebo were measured (n=674), and correlations with lipid and angiographic parameters (mean segment- and obstruction-diameter; MSD and MOD), and TaqIB genotype were studied. RESULTS After segregation into three groups (baseline CETP<1.58, 1.58-2.21, >2.21 mg L(-1)), subjects with the highest CETP had significantly higher baseline total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides (P<0.01), while HDL-C, MSD and MOD were not different among these groups. After 2 years of placebo, the MSD decreased threefold (P<0.001) and the MOD decreased 2.4-fold (P=0.042) more in the highest compared with the lowest CETP quartile. Pravastatin treatment reduced total cholesterol LDL-C and triglycerides significantly more in the highest CETP quartile. Moreover, only in the highest CETP quartile, pravastatin significantly reduced the MSD- (P=0.003) and MOD-decrease (P=0.014) compared with placebo, and, notably, this was independent of baseline lipids and differential lipid changes in these quartiles. Strikingly, baseline associations and treatment responses according to baseline CETP were independent of TaqIB genotype. CONCLUSIONS High CETP concentration is associated with faster progression of coronary atherosclerosis in men with proven CAD. Second, pravastatin yielded the highest improvement of lipid and angiographic parameters in patients with high baseline CETP independent of baseline lipids, lipid changes and TaqIB genotype, indicating that the plasma CETP level itself is an important determinant of the response to statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H E M Klerkx
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barter PJ, Brewer HB, Chapman MJ, Hennekens CH, Rader DJ, Tall AR. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23:160-7. [PMID: 12588754 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000054658.91146.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) promotes the transfer of cholesteryl esters from antiatherogenic HDLs to proatherogenic apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, including VLDLs, VLDL remnants, IDLs, and LDLs. A deficiency of CETP is associated with increased HDL levels and decreased LDL levels, a profile that is typically antiatherogenic. Studies in rabbits, a species with naturally high levels of CETP, support the therapeutic potential of CETP inhibition as an approach to retarding atherogenesis. Studies in mice, a species that lacks CETP activity, have provided mixed results. Human subjects with heterozygous CETP deficiency and an HDL cholesterol level >60 mg/dL have a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Evidence that atherosclerosis may be increased in CETP-deficient subjects whose HDL levels are not increased is difficult to interpret and may reflect confounding or bias. Small-molecule inhibitors of CETP have now been tested in human subjects and shown to increase the concentration of HDL cholesterol while decreasing that of LDL cholesterol and apoB. Thus, it seems important and timely to test the hypothesis in randomized trials of humans that pharmacological inhibition of CETP retards the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Barter
- Hanson Institute and the Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Qiang H, Chen D, Zhang C, Zhuang Y. CETP gene mutation (D442G) increases low-density lipoprotein particle size in patients with coronary heart disease. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 322:85-90. [PMID: 12104085 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in subjects with the atherogenic pattern B has been established as a risk factor of atherosclerosis. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in the transfer and exchange of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between the lipoprotein classes of human plasma. It has been shown that CETP can also change the particle size of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL subfractions in vitro. Previous clinical studies about CETP gene mutations mainly focused on abnormalities in HDL, few involved those in LDL. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of the D442G mutation in the CETP gene on major peak size of LDL particles in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD). METHODS D442G mutation in the CETP gene was detected using the PCR-RFLP. LDL particles sizes were analyzed by 2-16% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gels in CHD patients with D442G mutation in the CETP gene. RESULTS Six heterozygotes and one homozygote were found to have the D442G mutation among 200 CHD patients. The frequency of this mutation was 3.5%. The major peak size of LDL in patients with gene mutation (n=7) was significantly larger than that in patients without the mutation (n=40) (26.92 +/- 0.79 nm vs. 25.71 +/- 0.66 nm, respectively; P<0.01). All the patients with the gene mutation expressed pattern A, whereas only about half of the patients without the mutation expressed this pattern. The patients with gene mutation had decreased plasma CETP concentration, while increased concentration of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS CETP gene mutation (D442G) increases LDL particle size. This suggests that CETP play an antiatherogenic role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, 305#, East Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang C, Zhuang Y, Qiang H, Liu X, Xu R, Wu Y. Relationship between endogenous estrogen concentrations and serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentrations in Chinese women. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 314:77-83. [PMID: 11718681 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CETP plays an important role in HDL metabolism and in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. METHODS The relationship between the changes of endogenous estrogen and the concentration of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in the serum of Chinese women was investigated. Serum concentrations of estradiol (E(2)), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), CETP and lipid profile were determined in 196 Chinese women (52 premenopausal with ages ranging from 18 to 40 years, 57 perimenopausal from 41 to 60 years, and 87 postmenopausal from 61 to 81 years). RESULTS Serum CETP concentration was significantly lower in postmenopausal women compared with those in perimenopausal and premenopausal women (1.39+/-1.06, 2.36+/-1.50 and 2.31+/-1.25 mg/l, respectively, P<0.0001). Even in the women around the menopausal, CETP concentration in postmenopause was significantly lower than that in premenopause (1.93+/-1.33 vs. 3.42+/-1.35 mg/l, P<0.01). In addition, CETP concentration had a highly positive correlation with serum concentration of E(2) (r=0.243, P<0.001), while negative correlation of CETP concentration with serum concentration of FSH was found (r=-0.273, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Estrogen may affect the concentration of CETP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, 305# East Zhong Shan Road, 210002 Nanjing, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|