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Montefusco L, D'Addio F, Loretelli C, Ben Nasr M, Garziano M, Rossi A, Pastore I, Plebani L, Lunati ME, Bolla AM, Porta MD, Piuri G, Rocchio F, Abdelsalam A, Assi E, Barichella M, Maestroni A, Usuelli V, Loreggian L, Muzio F, Zuccotti GV, Cazzola R, Fiorina P. Anti-inflammatory effects of diet and caloric restriction in metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2407-2415. [PMID: 33686615 PMCID: PMC8502121 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss in patients with metabolic syndrome has positive effects on cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks, but its effects on peripheral cytokines and lipid profiles in patients are still unclear. AIM To determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss on metabolic parameters, lipids and cytokine profiles. METHODS Eighteen adult males with metabolic syndrome (defined according to IDF 2009) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m2 were subjected to a balanced hypocaloric diet for 6 months to reach at least a 5% body weight loss. RESULTS After weight loss, a significant improvement in BMI, waist circumference, insulin, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) was observed. The analysis of LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) lipoproteins showed a change in their composition with a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDL to LDL. This was associated with a significant reduction in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MIP-1β, leading to an overall decreased inflammatory score. An interesting positive correlation was also observed among peripheral cytokines levels after diet and peripheral levels of CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), an enzyme with a key role in lipid change. CONCLUSION Weight loss through caloric restriction is associated with an improvement in peripheral lipid and cytokine profiles that may play a major role in improving cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Montefusco
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - F D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Loretelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Garziano
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco", Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - I Pastore
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - L Plebani
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - M E Lunati
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Bolla
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - M D Porta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco", Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Piuri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco", Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Rocchio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Abdelsalam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E Assi
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Barichella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - A Maestroni
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Loreggian
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Muzio
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - G V Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital and Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco", Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Fiorina
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Cieluch A, Uruska A, Nowicki M, Wysocka E, Grzelka-Woźniak A, Flotyńska J, Niedźwiecki P, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz D. Suppression of serum lipid transfer proteins involved in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism by intensive insulin therapy in the first year of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Prospective InLipoDiab1 study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1219-1226. [PMID: 33549454 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) are crucial proteins in reverse cholesterol transport. There are insufficient data on regulating these proteins by insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We aimed to assess prospectively the impact of insulin therapy initiation on transfer proteins serum levels in adults with newly diagnosed T1DM. METHODS AND RESULTS 57 adults with newly diagnosed T1DM were enrolled in the InLipoDiab1 Study. All participants were treated with subcutaneous insulin in the model of intensive insulin therapy since the diagnosis of diabetes. Serum PLTP and CETP concentrations were measured at diagnosis, after three weeks, six months, and after one year of insulin treatment, using the immunoenzymatic method ELISA. A significant decrease in PLTP and CETP concentrations were demonstrated during twelve months of insulin therapy in newly diagnosed T1DM. The dynamics of changes in the level of these proteins varied depending on the occurrence of remission after a year of the disease. In the group without remission, a significant decrease in PLTP and CETP levels appeared after six months of follow-up. The remission group was characterized by a decrease in proteins concentration only after one year of treatment. In the non-remission group, significant negative correlations were found between the daily dose of insulin and levels of PLTP and CETP. CONCLUSION Exogenous insulin is an inhibitor of lipid transfer proteins involved in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in the first year of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cieluch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Uruska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Wysocka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Grzelka-Woźniak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Flotyńska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Niedźwiecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834, Poznan, Poland
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Ueland T, Roland MCP, Michelsen AE, Godang K, Aukrust P, Henriksen T, Bollerslev J, Lekva T. Elevated Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Activity Early in Pregnancy Predicts Prediabetes 5 Years Later. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5608982. [PMID: 31665383 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) regulates high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and interaction between glucose, and HDL metabolism is central in the development of diabetes. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that CETP levels would be regulated in diabetic pregnancies. We tested the hypothesis by evaluating CETP activity measured multiple times during pregnancy and at 5 years' follow-up in a prospective cohort (STORK) and investigated its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy or development of prediabetes 5 years after pregnancy. We also evaluated the strongest correlation of CETP activity among measures of adipocity and glucose metabolism, lipoproteins, adipokines, and monocyte/macrophage activation markers. DESIGN A population-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2001 to 2013. SETTING The study setting was Oslo University Hospital. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 300 women during pregnancy and at 5 years postpartum participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CETP activity was measured at 14 to 16, 22 to 24, 30 to 32, and 36 to 38 weeks' gestation, and at 5 years' follow-up. RESULTS We found higher CETP activity in pregnancy in women developing prediabetes but no association with GDM. CETP activity decreased throughout pregnancy and remained low at follow-up. High CETP activity was associated with sCD14 levels, in particular in women who developed prediabetes. These data show that enhanced CETP activity during pregnancy is associated with systemic indices of monocyte/macrophage activation, in particular in women who develop prediabetes later in life. CONCLUSIONS CETP activity during pregnancy identifies women at risk for later diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marie Cecilie Paasche Roland
- National Advisory Unit for Women's Health; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Godang
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Henriksen
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Kettunen J, Holmes MV, Allara E, Anufrieva O, Ohukainen P, Oliver-Williams C, Wang Q, Tillin T, Hughes AD, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Perola M, Davey Smith G, Chaturvedi N, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, Butterworth AS, Ala-Korpela M. Lipoprotein signatures of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000572. [PMID: 31860674 PMCID: PMC6944381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition reduces vascular event risk, but confusion surrounds its effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Here, we clarify associations of genetic inhibition of CETP on detailed lipoprotein measures and compare those to genetic inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). We used an allele associated with lower CETP expression (rs247617) to mimic CETP inhibition and an allele associated with lower HMGCR expression (rs12916) to mimic the well-known effects of statins for comparison. The study consists of 65,427 participants of European ancestries with detailed lipoprotein subclass profiling from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Genetic associations were scaled to 10% reduction in relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We also examined observational associations of the lipoprotein subclass measures with risk of incident CHD in 3 population-based cohorts totalling 616 incident cases and 13,564 controls during 8-year follow-up. Genetic inhibition of CETP and HMGCR resulted in near-identical associations with LDL cholesterol concentration estimated by the Friedewald equation. Inhibition of HMGCR had relatively consistent associations on lower cholesterol concentrations across all apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. In contrast, the associations of the inhibition of CETP were stronger on lower remnant and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, but there were no associations on cholesterol concentrations in LDL defined by particle size (diameter 18–26 nm) (−0.02 SD LDL defined by particle size; 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.05 for CETP versus −0.24 SD, 95% CI −0.30 to −0.18 for HMGCR). Inhibition of CETP was strongly associated with lower proportion of triglycerides in all high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. In observational analyses, a higher triglyceride composition within HDL subclasses was associated with higher risk of CHD, independently of total cholesterol and triglycerides (strongest hazard ratio per 1 SD higher triglyceride composition in very large HDL 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18–1.54). In conclusion, CETP inhibition does not appear to affect size-specific LDL cholesterol but is likely to lower CHD risk by lowering concentrations of other atherogenic, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (such as remnant and VLDLs). Inhibition of CETP also lowers triglyceride composition in HDL particles, a phenomenon reflecting combined effects of circulating HDL, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B-containing particles and is associated with a lower CHD risk in observational analyses. Our results reveal that conventional composite lipid assays may mask heterogeneous effects of emerging lipid-altering therapies. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein does not affect size-specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but may lower coronary heart disease risk by lowering cholesterol concentrations in other apolipoprotein-B containing atherogenic lipoproteins, and by lowering triglyceride content of high-density lipoprotein particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Allara
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Anufrieva
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pauli Ohukainen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Clare Oliver-Williams
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Therese Tillin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D. Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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McCullough A, Previs SF, Dasarathy J, Lee K, Osme A, Kim C, Ilchenko S, Lorkowski SW, Smith JD, Dasarathy S, Kasumov T. HDL flux is higher in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E852-E862. [PMID: 31503515 PMCID: PMC6879863 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00193.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even though high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a CVD protective marker, is decreased, whether HDL metabolism and function are perturbed in NAFLD are currently unknown. We examined the effect of NAFLD and disease severity on HDL metabolism and function in patients with biopsy-proven simple steatosis (SS), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and healthy controls. HDL turnover and HDL protein dynamics in SS (n = 7), NASH (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 9) were studied in vivo. HDL maturation and remodeling, antioxidant, cholesterol efflux properties, and activities of lecithin-cholesterol ester acyltransferase and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) were quantified using in vitro assays. All patients with NAFLD had increased turnover of both HDL cholesterol (HDLc; 0.16 ± 0.09 vs. 0.34 ± 0.18 days, P < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoAI) (0.26 ± 0.04 vs. 0.34 ± 0.06 days, P < 0.005) compared with healthy controls. The fractional catabolic rates of other HDL proteins, including ApoAII (and ApoAIV) were higher (P < 0.05) in patients with NAFLD who also had higher CETP activity, ApoAI/HDLc ratio (P < 0.05). NAFLD-induced alterations were associated with lower antioxidant (114.2 ± 46.6 vs. 220.5 ± 48.2 nmol·mL-1·min-1) but higher total efflux properties of HDL (23.4 ± 1.3% vs. 25.5 ± 2.3%) (both P < 0.05), which was more pronounced in individuals with NASH. However, no differences were observed in either HDL turnover, antioxidant, and cholesterol efflux functions of HDL or HDL proteins' turnover between subjects with SS and subjects with NASH. Thus, HDL metabolism and function are altered in NAFLD without any significant differences between SS and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kwangwon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Chunki Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Serguei Ilchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Shuhui W Lorkowski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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6
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van Eyk HJ, Blauw LL, Bizino MB, Wang Y, van Dijk KW, de Mutsert R, Smit JWA, Lamb HJ, Jazet IM, Rensen PCN. Hepatic triglyceride content does not affect circulating CETP: lessons from a liraglutide intervention trial and a population-based cohort. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9996. [PMID: 31292457 PMCID: PMC6620358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is mainly expressed by Kupffer cells in the liver. A reduction of hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) by pioglitazone or caloric restriction is accompanied by a decrease in circulating CETP. Since GLP-1 analogues also reduce HTGC, we assessed whether liraglutide decreases CETP. Furthermore, we investigated the association between HTGC and CETP in a population-based cohort. In a placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to treatment with liraglutide or placebo added to standard care. In this trial and in 1,611 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, we measured HTGC and circulating CETP by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ELISA, respectively. The HTGC was decreased in the liraglutide group (-6.3%; 95%CI of difference [-9.5, -3.0]) but also in the placebo group (-4.0%; 95%CI[-6.0, -2.0]), without between-group differences. CETP was not decreased by liraglutide (-0.05 µg/mL; 95%CI[-0.13, 0.04]) or placebo (-0.04 µg/mL; 95%CI[-0.12, 0.04]). No association was present between HTGC and CETP at baseline (β: 0.002 µg/mL per %TG, 95%CI[-0.005, 0.009]) and between the changes after treatment with liraglutide (β: 0.003 µg/mL per %TG, 95%CI[-0.010, 0.017]) or placebo (β: 0.006 µg/mL per %TG, 95%CI[-0.012,0.024]). Also, in the cohort n o association between HTGC and CETP was present (β: -0.001 µg/mL per SD TG, 95%CI[-0.005, 0.003]). A reduction of HTGC after treatment with liraglutide or placebo does not decrease circulating CETP. Also, no association between HTGC and CETP was present in a large cohort. These findings indicate that circulating CETP is not determined by HTGC.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01761318).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub J van Eyk
- Department Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisanne L Blauw
- Department Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice B Bizino
- Department Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department Radiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department Human Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department Radiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Department Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The validity of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) elevation as a therapeutic target has been questioned, in comparison to enhancing HDL functionality. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is an in-vitro assay that measures the ability of an individual's HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from cholesterol donor cells such as macrophages. CEC of HDL is a predictor of cardiovascular risk independent of HDL-C levels. However, molecular determinants of CEC and the effects of diseases and therapeutic interventions on CEC have not been completely defined. RECENT FINDINGS We review here recent findings on elevated HDL-C and disease risk, as well as determinants of CEC, from genetics and proteomics to pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions that contribute to our understanding of CEC as a biomarker of HDL functionality. SUMMARY Elevated HDL-C levels are not always protective against cardiovascular disease and mortality. CEC is a heritable trait, and genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in HDL and triglycerides metabolism are associated with CEC. Multiple HDL proteins correlate positively with CEC levels and inversely with noncalcified plaque burden. Differences in CEC assays that make comparisons between studies difficult are also emphasized. CEC should be measured in clinical trials of lipid-modifying and anti-inflammatory therapies to determine whether increases are cardioprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rhainds
- Montreal Heart Institute, Atherosclerosis Research Group
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Atherosclerosis Research Group
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sepsis is a common syndrome of multiorgan system dysfunction caused by a dysregulated inflammatory response to an infection and is associated with high rates of mortality. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and composition change profoundly during sepsis and have emerged as both biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for this condition. The purpose of this article is to review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular regulation of lipid metabolism during sepsis. RECENT FINDINGS Patients who experience greater declines in high-density lipoprotein during sepsis are at much greater risk of succumbing to organ failure and death. Although the causality of these findings remains unclear, all lipoprotein classes can sequester and prevent the excessive inflammation caused by pathogen-associated lipids during severe infections such as sepsis. This primordial innate immune function has been best characterized for high-density lipoproteins. Most importantly, results from human genetics and preclinical animal studies have suggested that several lipid treatment strategies, initially designed for atherosclerosis, may hold promise as therapies for sepsis. SUMMARY Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism undergoes significant changes during sepsis. An improved understanding of the molecular regulation of these changes may lead to new opportunities for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Trinder
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Experimental Medicine Program
| | - John H Boyd
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Experimental Medicine Program
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liam R Brunham
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
- Department of Experimental Medicine Program
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Colijn JM, den Hollander AI, Demirkan A, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Verzijden T, Kersten E, Meester-Smoor MA, Merle BMJ, Papageorgiou G, Ahmad S, Mulder MT, Costa MA, Benlian P, Bertelsen G, Bron AM, Claes B, Creuzot-Garcher C, Erke MG, Fauser S, Foster PJ, Hammond CJ, Hense HW, Hoyng CB, Khawaja AP, Korobelnik JF, Piermarocchi S, Segato T, Silva R, Souied EH, Williams KM, van Duijn CM, Delcourt C, Klaver CCW. Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Levels Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from the EYE-RISK and European Eye Epidemiology Consortia. Ophthalmology 2019; 126:393-406. [PMID: 30315903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic and epidemiologic studies have shown that lipid genes and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We studied circulating lipid levels in relationship to AMD in a large European dataset. DESIGN Pooled analysis of cross-sectional data. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (N = 30 953) aged 50 years or older participating in the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium and 1530 individuals from the Rotterdam Study with lipid subfraction data. METHODS AMD features were graded on fundus photographs using the Rotterdam classification. Routine blood lipid measurements, genetics, medication, and potential confounders were extracted from the E3 database. In a subgroup of the Rotterdam Study, lipid subfractions were identified by the Nightingale biomarker platform. Random-intercepts mixed-effects models incorporating confounders and study site as a random effect were used to estimate associations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AMD features and stage; lipid measurements. RESULTS HDL was associated with an increased risk of AMD (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 per 1-mmol/l increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.29), whereas triglycerides were associated with a decreased risk (OR, 0.94 per 1-mmol/l increase; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97). Both were associated with drusen size. Higher HDL raised the odds of larger drusen, whereas higher triglycerides decreases the odds. LDL cholesterol reached statistical significance only in the association with early AMD (P = 0.045). Regarding lipid subfractions, the concentration of extra-large HDL particles showed the most prominent association with AMD (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.40). The cholesteryl ester transfer protein risk variant (rs17231506) for AMD was in line with increased HDL levels (P = 7.7 × 10-7), but lipase C risk variants (rs2043085, rs2070895) were associated in an opposite way (P = 1.0 × 10-6 and P = 1.6 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of AMD and that triglycerides are negatively associated. Both show the strongest association with early AMD and drusen. Extra-large HDL subfractions seem to be drivers in the relationship with AMD, and variants in lipid genes play a more ambiguous role in this association. Whether systemic lipids directly influence AMD or represent lipid metabolism in the retina remains to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedicte M J Merle
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Angelo Costa
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pascale Benlian
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alain M Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Birte Claes
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Maja Gran Erke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Integrative Epidemiology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Francois Korobelnik
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France; Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Tatiana Segato
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rufino Silva
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eric H Souied
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Katie M Williams
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are still the main cause of death in Poland and throughout the world. Independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease, in addition to elevated LDL cholesterol, are both low HDL levels and high levels of non-HDL cholesterol. Plasma phospholipid-transfer protein (PLTP) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) both play a major role in the metabolism of those lipoproteins. A lack of these proteins increases HDL and lowers LDL levels. In the light of current knowledge, it seems reasonable to search for compounds that may decrease the activity of CETP, and thus reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Whereas on the one hand there are reports about the adverse effect of torcetrapib and the lack of therapeutic effects of dalcetrapib, on the other hand the question arises whether the CETP inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials will rise to the challenges before them. Currently, it is known that the activity of PLTP, while affecting the metabolism of lipoproteins, especially HDL, plays a major role in atherogenesis. Still, there are some contradictions and controversies about the effect of PLTP on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). There are a number of studies about the role that PLTP plays in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Further studies are needed to clearly determine the impact of PLTP activity on the formation and development of pathological processes in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszko Chowaniec
- Department and Clinic of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Anna Skoczyńska
- Department and Clinic of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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11
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Qin Y, Ran L, Wang J, Yu L, Lang HD, Wang XL, Mi MT, Zhu JD. Capsaicin Supplementation Improved Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals with Low HDL-C Levels. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091037. [PMID: 28930174 PMCID: PMC5622797 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of capsaicin intervention on the serum lipid profile in adults with low HDL-C. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, 42 eligible subjects were randomly assigned to the capsaicin (n = 21, 4 mg of capsaicin daily) or to the control group (n = 21, 0.05 mg of capsaicin daily) and consumed two capsaicin or control capsules, which contained the powder of the skin of different peppers, twice daily for three months. Thirty-five subjects completed the trial (18 in the capsaicin group and 17 in the control group). The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Compared with the control group, fasting serum HDL-C levels significantly increased to 1.00 ± 0.13 mmol/L from 0.92 ± 0.13 mmol/L in the capsaicin group (p = 0.030), while levels of triglycerides and C-reactive protein and phospholipid transfer protein activity moderately decreased (all p < 0.05). Other lipids, apolipoproteins, glucose, and other parameters did not significantly change. In conclusion, capsaicin improved risk factors of CHD in individuals with low HDL-C and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Li Ran
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - He-Dong Lang
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Wang
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Man-Tian Mi
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jun-Dong Zhu
- Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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12
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Hancock-Cerutti W, Lhomme M, Dauteuille C, Lecocq S, Chapman MJ, Rader DJ, Kontush A, Cuchel M. Paradoxical coronary artery disease in humans with hyperalphalipoproteinemia is associated with distinct differences in the high-density lipoprotein phosphosphingolipidome. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1192-1200.e3. [PMID: 28826666 PMCID: PMC10455038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in epidemiologic studies. Despite this, the directionality of this relationship and the underlying biology behind it remain to be firmly established, especially at the extremes of HDL-C levels. OBJECTIVE We investigated differences in the HDL phosphosphingolipidome in a rare population of subjects with premature CAD despite high HDL-C levels to gain insight into the association between the HDL lipidome and CAD disease status in this unusual phenotype. We sought to assess differences in HDL composition that are associated with CAD in subjects with HDL-C >90th percentile. We predicted that quantitative lipidomic analysis of HDL particles would reveal novel differences between CAD patients and healthy subjects with matched HDL-C levels. METHODS We collected plasma samples from 25 subjects with HDL-C >90th percentile and clinically manifest CAD and healthy controls with HDL-C >90th percentile and without self-reported CAD. More than 140 individual HDL phospholipid and sphingolipid species were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. RESULTS Significant reductions in HDL phosphatidylcholine (-2.41%, Q value = 0.025) and phosphatidylinositol (-10.7%, Q value = 0.047) content, as well as elevated sphingomyelin (+10.0%, Q value = 0.025) content, and sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine ratio (+12.8%, P value = .005) were associated with CAD status in subjects with high HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS These differences may lay the groundwork for further analysis of the relationship between the HDL lipidome and disease states, as well as for the development of biomarkers of CAD status and HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hancock-Cerutti
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICANalytics, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Carolane Dauteuille
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sora Lecocq
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France
| | - M John Chapman
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Nomura A, Won HH, Khera AV, Takeuchi F, Ito K, McCarthy S, Emdin CA, Klarin D, Natarajan P, Zekavat SM, Gupta N, Peloso GM, Borecki IB, Teslovich TM, Asselta R, Duga S, Merlini PA, Correa A, Kessler T, Wilson JG, Bown MJ, Hall AS, Braund PS, Carey DJ, Murray MF, Kirchner HL, Leader JB, Lavage DR, Manus JN, Hartze DN, Samani NJ, Schunkert H, Marrugat J, Elosua R, McPherson R, Farrall M, Watkins H, Juang JMJ, Hsiung CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Tada H, Kawashiri MA, Inazu A, Yamagishi M, Katsuya T, Nakashima E, Nakatochi M, Yamamoto K, Yokota M, Momozawa Y, Rotter JI, Lander ES, Rader DJ, Danesh J, Ardissino D, Gabriel S, Willer CJ, Abecasis GR, Saleheen D, Kubo M, Kato N, Ida Chen YD, Dewey FE, Kathiresan S. Protein-Truncating Variants at the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease. Circ Res 2017; 121:81-88. [PMID: 28506971 PMCID: PMC5523940 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Therapies that inhibit CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) have failed to demonstrate a reduction in risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Human DNA sequence variants that truncate the CETP gene may provide insight into the efficacy of CETP inhibition. OBJECTIVE To test whether protein-truncating variants (PTVs) at the CETP gene were associated with plasma lipid levels and CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced the exons of the CETP gene in 58 469 participants from 12 case-control studies (18 817 CHD cases, 39 652 CHD-free controls). We defined PTV as those that lead to a premature stop, disrupt canonical splice sites, or lead to insertions/deletions that shift frame. We also genotyped 1 Japanese-specific PTV in 27561 participants from 3 case-control studies (14 286 CHD cases, 13 275 CHD-free controls). We tested association of CETP PTV carrier status with both plasma lipids and CHD. Among 58 469 participants with CETP gene-sequencing data available, average age was 51.5 years and 43% were women; 1 in 975 participants carried a PTV at the CETP gene. Compared with noncarriers, carriers of PTV at CETP had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (effect size, 22.6 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, 18-27; P<1.0×10-4), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-12.2 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -23 to -0.98; P=0.033), and lower triglycerides (-6.3%; 95% confidence interval, -12 to -0.22; P=0.043). CETP PTV carrier status was associated with reduced risk for CHD (summary odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.90; P=5.1×10-3). CONCLUSIONS Compared with noncarriers, carriers of PTV at CETP displayed higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower triglycerides, and lower risk for CHD.
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14
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Griffiths K, Pazderska A, Ahmed M, McGowan A, Maxwell AP, McEneny J, Gibney J, McKay GJ. Type 2 Diabetes in Young Females Results in Increased Serum Amyloid A and Changes to Features of High Density Lipoproteins in Both HDL 2 and HDL 3. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1314864. [PMID: 28596970 PMCID: PMC5450179 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1314864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an elevated risk of atherosclerosis. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) normally protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD), but this may be attenuated by serum amyloid A (SAA). In a case-control study of young females, blood samples were compared between subjects with T2DM (n = 42) and individuals without T2DM (n = 42). SAA and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) concentrations, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities were measured in the serum and/or HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. SAA concentrations were higher in T2DM compared to controls: serum (30 mg/L (17, 68) versus 15 mg/L (7, 36); p = 0.002), HDL2 (1.0 mg/L (0.6, 2.2) versus 0.4 mg/L (0.2, 0.7); p < 0.001), and HDL3, (13 mg/L (8, 29) versus 6 mg/L (3, 13); p < 0.001). Serum-PON-1 activity was lower in T2DM compared to that in controls (38,245 U/L (7025) versus 41,109 U/L (5690); p = 0.043). CETP activity was higher in T2DM versus controls in HDL2 (232.6 μmol/L (14.1) versus 217.1 μmol/L (25.1); p = 0.001) and HDL3 (279.5 μmol/L (17.7) versus 245.2 μmol/L (41.2); p < 0.001). These results suggest that individuals with T2DM have increased SAA-related inflammation and dysfunctional HDL features. SAA may prove to be a useful biomarker in T2DM given its association with elevated CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Anne McGowan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | | | - Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James Gibney
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Gareth J. McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- *Gareth J. McKay:
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To re-evaluate the functions of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in atherosclerosis based upon recent findings from human genetics and pharmacological CETP manipulation. RECENT FINDINGS CETP is involved in the transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, a key step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). CETP inhibitors have been developed to raise serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and reduce cardiovascular events. However, outcome studies of three CETP inhibitors (torcetrapib, dalcetrapib and evacetrapib) were prematurely terminated because of increased mortality or futility despite marked increases in HDL-cholesterol and decreases in LDL-cholesterol except for dalcetrapib. Patients with CETP deficiency show remarkable changes in HDL and LDL and are sometimes accompanied by atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Recent prospective epidemiological studies demonstrated atheroprotective roles of CETP. CETP inhibition induces formation of small dense LDL and possibly dysfunctional HDL and downregulates hepatic scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Therefore, CETP inhibitors may interrupt LDL receptor and SR-BI-mediated cholesterol delivery back to the liver. SUMMARY For future drug development, the opposite strategy, namely enhancers of RCT via CETP and SR-BI activation as well as the inducers of apolipoprotein A-I or HDL production might be a better approach rather than delaying HDL metabolism by inhibiting a main stream of RCT in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Yamashita
- aDepartment of Community Medicine bDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita cRinku General Medical Center, Izumisano dSumitomo Hospital, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
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16
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McGowan A, Widdowson WM, O'Regan A, Young IS, Boran G, McEneny J, Gibney J. Postprandial Studies Uncover Differing Effects on HDL Particles of Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Thyroid 2016; 26:356-64. [PMID: 26800752 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overt hypothyroidism (OH) is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction under fasting conditions. The balance of evidence suggests similar but less marked abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). There are few data regarding the metabolic and vascular effects of OH or SCH under postprandial conditions. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in a teaching hospital. Subjects with OH (n = 21), SCH (n = 28), and controls (n = 44) matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were studied under fasting and postprandial conditions. Postprandial lipid metabolism with particular emphasis on intestinally derived lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol (HDL), and endothelial function were compared in subjects with OH and SCH who were matched for age, sex, and BMI. Apolipoprotein B48 (Apo B48), a measure of intestinally derived lipoprotein, was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HDL was subfractionated into HDL2 and HDL3 by rapid ultracentrifugation. Functional aspects of HDL were determined by monitoring the activities of cholesteryl-ester-transfer-protein (CETP) and lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT). Systemic and HDL-associated inflammation was assessed by measuring serum-amyloid-A (SAA) levels. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to hyperemia of the forearm. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences in LDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentration. Peak Apo B48 levels were greater in OH (p < 0.001) and SCH (p < 0.05) compared with control subjects. HDL area under the curve (AUC) was lower postprandially in SCH (p < 0.001) but not OH compared with control subjects. HDL2- and HDL3-associated CETP AUC was lower only in OH (p < 0.005) compared with controls. FMD was reduced in OH (p < 0.05) compared with SCH and controls postprandially. CONCLUSION Postprandial lipoprotein and vascular abnormalities differ between OH and SCH. Although both are characterized by increased intestinally derived lipoprotein particles, HDL is reduced only in SCH. Maintained HDL in OH probably reflects reduced CETP activity, which was not observed in SCH. Postprandial endothelial dysfunction is abnormal only in OH, and this effect does not appear to reflect increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne McGowan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Anna O'Regan
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Young
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Boran
- 3 Department of Chemical Pathology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane McEneny
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - James Gibney
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Merino J, Sala-Vila A, Plana N, Girona J, Vallve JC, Ibarretxe D, Ros E, Ferré R, Heras M, Masana L. Serum palmitoleate acts as a lipokine in subjects at high cardiometabolic risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:261-267. [PMID: 26817937 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Clinical data on the role as a lipokine of de novo lipogenesis-derived palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7cis) in serum non-esterified fatty acids (palmitoleate) are scarce. We aimed to assess whether palmitoleate relates to cardiometabolic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study we included 358 individuals aged 30-65-years at high cardiovascular risk. We tested the association of palmitoleate (determined by gas chromatography) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components (defined by ATPIII criteria), fatty liver index (a surrogate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]), and subclinical atherosclerosis (determined as ultrasound-measured carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness). Palmitoleate concentration was higher in women compared with men (median ± range interquartile, 1.36 ± 0.96 vs. 0.97 ± 0.77 μmol/L respectively, P < 0.001). In both genders palmitoleate concentration was associated with a higher prevalence of MS: men, odds ratio [OR: 1.12 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.23, P = 0.010)]; women [OR: 1.07 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.13, P = 0.005)], and all of its components except low HDL-cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia. Palmitoleate was also associated with increased risk of NAFLD in both men [OR: 1.12 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.29, P = 0.031)] and women [OR: 1.11 (95%CI: 1.05; 1.19, P = 0.001)]. No associations with subclinical atherosclerosis were detected. CONCLUSIONS Our observational data supports a relationship between de novo lipogenesis-derived circulating palmitoleic acid (palmitoleate) and increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Merino
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - N Plana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Vallve
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - R Ferré
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Heras
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit and Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Minhas JS, Patel P, Gupta PK. Limitations of a Cardiac Risk (QRISK2) Calculator in Patients with High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2016; 23:47-50. [PMID: 26905417 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-016-0131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is existing debate as to the relationship between blood concentration of HDL (high density lipoprotein) and cardiovascular outcomes. Patients with hyperalphalipoproteinaemia (HALP) have high HDL levels and this can be attributed to a variety of factors. AIM AND METHODS This study aims for the first time to examine the HALP cohort and understand demographics, relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and scoring with a cardiac risk calculator (QRISK 2 calculator). RESULTS The study found 42 patients had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) between CVD risk estimated using actual measured HDL (Score 1) versus CVD risk calculated using standard population mean HDL values (Score 2). Furthermore, in the CVD event group (n = 6) a significant difference was also seen between Score 1 and Score 2 (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION The study highlights issues with underestimation of CVD risk in this population and strongly advocates use of standard population mean values in assessment of CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder S Minhas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Prashanth Patel
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Pankaj K Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK.
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
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19
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Yang S, Chen XY, Xu XP. The Relationship Between Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A(2), Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Lipid Profile and Risk of Atherosclerosis in Women with Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Clin Lab 2015; 61:1463-9. [PMID: 26642708 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2015.150202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and risk of atherosclerosis in IDA women has not been fully clarified. The objective of this study was to investigate lipid-related atherogenic risk factors in women with IDA. METHODS Eighty women with IDA and 80 age-matched healthy women as the control group were enrolled in the study. Serum lipid profile, Lp-PLA2, and CETP were determined. Correlations between lipid-related atherogenic risk factors were analyzed by Pearson's correlation analyses. RESULTS TG levels were higher and HDL-C levels were lower in the IDA women. Lp-PLA2 activity, Lp-PLA2 concentration, and CETP concentration were higher in the IDA women. There were negative correlations between activity or concentration of Lp-PLA2 and hemoglobin level (r = -0.29 or r = -0.33, p < 0.05), as well as HDL-C level (r = -0.38 or r = -0.35, p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between Lp-PLA2 activity and Lp-PLA2 concentration and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (r = 0.41 or r = 0.36 respectively, p < 0.05). CETP concentration was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (r = -0.56, p < 0.01) and HDL-C level (r = -0.35, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with triglyceride level (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increases in the levels of circulating CETP and Lp-PLA2 might partly play a role in the atherogenic disturbances in patients with IDA through increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation.
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20
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Wu BJ, Shrestha S, Ong KL, Johns D, Dunn LL, Hou L, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Increasing HDL levels by inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in rabbits with hindlimb ischemia is associated with increased angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol 2015. [PMID: 26204569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoprotein (HDL) infusions increase new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) in rodents with ischemic injury. This study asks if increasing HDL levels by inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity increases angiogenesis in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits with hindlimb ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS NZW rabbits were maintained for 6weeks on chow or chow supplemented with 0.07% or 0.14% (wt/wt) of the CETP inhibitor, des-fluoro-anacetrapib. The left femoral artery was ligated after 2weeks of des-fluoro-anacetrapib treatment. The animals were sacrificed 4weeks after femoral artery ligation. Treatment with 0.07% and 0.14% (wt/wt) des-fluoro-anacetrapib reduced CETP activity by 63±12% and 81±8.6%, increased plasma apoA-I levels by 1.3±0.1- and 1.4±0.1-fold, and increased plasma HDL-cholesterol levels by 1.4±0.1- and 1.7±0.2-fold, respectively. Treatment with 0.07% and 0.14% (wt/wt) des-fluoro-anacetrapib increased the number of collateral arteries by 60±16% and 84±27%, and arteriole wall area in the ischemic hindlimbs by 84±16% and 94±13%, respectively. Capillary density in the ischemic hindlimb adductor muscle increased from 1.1±0.2 (control) to 2.1±0.3 and 2.2±0.4 in the 0.07% and 0.14% (wt/wt) des-fluoro-anacetrapib-treated animals, respectively. Incubation of HDLs from des-fluoro-anacetrapib-treated animals with human coronary artery endothelial cells at apoA-I concentrations comparable with their plasma levels increased tubule network formation. These effects were abolished by knockdown of scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1) and PDZK1, and pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/Akt. CONCLUSION Increasing HDL levels by inhibiting CETP activity is associated with increased collateral blood vessel formation in NZW rabbits with hindlimb ischemia in an SR-B1- and PI3K/Akt-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Wu
- Centre for Vascular Research, Level 3, Lowy Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia; The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sudichhya Shrestha
- Centre for Vascular Research, Level 3, Lowy Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia; The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Kwok L Ong
- Centre for Vascular Research, Level 3, Lowy Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia; The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Louise L Dunn
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Liming Hou
- Centre for Vascular Research, Level 3, Lowy Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia; The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Philip J Barter
- Centre for Vascular Research, Level 3, Lowy Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia; The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Centre for Vascular Research, Level 3, Lowy Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia; The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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21
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Yokoyama S. Unique features of high-density lipoproteins in the Japanese: in population and in genetic factors. Nutrients 2015; 7:2359-81. [PMID: 25849946 PMCID: PMC4425149 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its gradual increase in the past several decades, the prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease is low in Japan. This is largely attributed to difference in lifestyle, especially food and dietary habits, and it may be reflected in certain clinical parameters. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, a strong counter risk for atherosclerosis, are indeed high among the Japanese. Accordingly, lower HDL seems to contribute more to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) than an increase in non-HDL lipoproteins at a population level in Japan. Interestingly, average HDL levels in Japan have increased further in the past two decades, and are markedly higher than in Western populations. The reasons and consequences for public health of this increase are still unknown. Simulation for the efficacy of raising HDL cholesterol predicts a decrease in CHD of 70% in Japan, greater than the extent by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicted by simulation or achieved in a statin trial. On the other hand, a substantial portion of hyperalphalipoproteinemic population in Japan is accounted for by genetic deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is also commonly unique in East Asian populations. It is still controversial whether CETP mutations are antiatherogenic. Hepatic Schistosomiasis is proposed as a potential screening factor for historic accumulation of CETP deficiency in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Centre and Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
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22
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein moiety. Generation of genetically modified (total body and tissue-specific knockout) mouse models has significantly contributed to our understanding of HDL function. Here we will review data from knockout mouse studies on the importance of HDL's major alipoprotein apoA-I, the ABC transporters A1 and G1, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, phospholipid transfer protein, and scavenger receptor BI for HDL's metabolism and its protection against atherosclerosis in mice. The initial generation and maturation of HDL particles as well as the selective delivery of its cholesterol to the liver are essential parameters in the life cycle of HDL. Detrimental atherosclerosis effects observed in response to HDL deficiency in mice cannot be solely attributed to the low HDL levels per se, as the low HDL levels are in most models paralleled by changes in non-HDL-cholesterol levels. However, the cholesterol efflux function of HDL is of critical importance to overcome foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Although HDL is predominantly studied for its atheroprotective action, the mouse data also suggest an essential role for HDL as cholesterol donor for steroidogenic tissues, including the adrenals and ovaries. Furthermore, it appears that a relevant interaction exists between HDL-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux and the susceptibility to inflammation, which (1) provides strong support for the novel concept that inflammation and metabolism are intertwining biological processes and (2) identifies the efflux function of HDL as putative therapeutic target also in other inflammatory diseases than atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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Elseweidy MM, Younis NN, Elswefy SE, Abdallah FR, El-Dahmy SI, Elnagar G, Kassem HM. Atheroprotective potentials of curcuminoids against ginger extract in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:961-5. [PMID: 25208510 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.957699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic potentials of total ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract (TGE) or curcuminoids extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), members of family Zingiberaceae, were compared in hypercholesterolaemia. Rabbits were fed either normal or atherogenic diet. The rabbits on atherogenic diet received treatments with TGE or curcumenoids and placebo concurrently for 6 weeks (n = 6). The anti-atherogenic effects of curcuminoids and ginger are mediated via multiple mechanisms. This effect was correlated with their ability to lower cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Ginger extract exerted preferential effects on plasma lipids, reverse cholesterol transport, cholesterol synthesis and inflammatory status. Curcuminoids, however, showed superior antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Elseweidy
- a Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , Egypt
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24
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Briand F, Thieblemont Q, Muzotte E, Burr N, Urbain I, Sulpice T, Johns DG. Anacetrapib and dalcetrapib differentially alters HDL metabolism and macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport at similar levels of CETP inhibition in hamsters. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:135-43. [PMID: 25008069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors dalcetrapib and anacetrapib differentially alter LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, which might be related to the potency of each drug to inhibit CETP activity. We evaluated the effects of both drugs at similar levels of CETP inhibition on macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in hamsters. In normolipidemic hamsters, both anacetrapib 30 mg/kg QD and dalcetrapib 200 mg/kg BID inhibited CETP activity by ~60%. After injection of 3H-cholesteryl oleate labeled HDL, anacetrapib and dalcetrapib reduced HDL-cholesteryl esters fractional catabolic rate (FCR) by 30% and 26% (both P<0.001 vs. vehicle) respectively, but only dalcetrapib increased HDL-derived 3H-tracer fecal excretion by 30% (P<0.05 vs. vehicle). After 3H-cholesterol labeled macrophage intraperitoneal injection, anacetrapib stimulated 3H-tracer appearance in HDL, but both drugs did not promote macrophage-derived 3H-tracer fecal excretion. In dyslipidemic hamsters, both anacetrapib 1 mg/kg QD and dalcetrapib 200 mg/kg BID inhibited CETP activity by ~65% and reduced HDL-cholesteryl ester FCR by 36% (both P<0.001 vs. vehicle), but only anacetrapib increased HDL-derived 3H-tracer fecal excretion significantly by 39%. After 3H-cholesterol labeled macrophage injection, only anacetrapib 1 mg/kg QD stimulated macrophage-derived 3H-tracer appearance in HDL. These effects remained weaker than those observed with anacetrapib 60 mg/kg QD, which induced a maximal inhibition of CETP and stimulation of macrophage-derived 3H-tracer fecal excretion. In contrast, dalcetrapib 200 mg/kg BID reduced macrophage-derived 3H-tracer fecal excretion by 23% (P<0.05 vs. vehicle). In conclusion, anacetrapib and dalcetrapib differentially alter HDL metabolism and RCT in hamsters. A stronger inhibition of CETP may be required to promote macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport in dyslipidemic hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noémie Burr
- Physiogenex SAS, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | | | | | - Douglas G Johns
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Atherosclerosis, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA.
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25
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Vigna GB, Satta E, Bernini F, Boarini S, Bosi C, Giusto L, Pinotti E, Tarugi P, Vanini A, Volpato S, Zimetti F, Zuliani G, Favari E. Flow-mediated dilation, carotid wall thickness and HDL function in subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:777-783. [PMID: 24680225 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationships between very high plasma HDLc and subclinical atherosclerosis are still a matter of debate. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty subjects with primary hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAL, with HDLc in the highest 10th percentile and absence of overt secondary causes of this condition), aged 30-65 years, were compared with 20 age and sex-matched controls. Lipid determination, lipoprotein particle distribution (Lipoprint(®)), Cholesterol Efflux Capacity (CEC), plasma adhesion molecule, analyses of CETP, SRB1 and LIPG genes and of different markers of subclinical vascular disease (ankle-brachial index, ABI; carotid intima-media thickness, cIMT; brachial-artery flow mediated dilation, FMD) were performed. Fasting HDLc levels were 40 mg/dl higher in HAL subjects while LDLc concentration was comparable to control group. CETP gene analysis in HAL subjects identified one novel rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP, Asp131Asn), possibly damaging, while the common SNP p.Val422Ile was highly prevalent (50% vs. 27.4% in a control population). No rare mutations associated with HAL were found in SR-B1 and LIPG genes. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in HAL subjects disclosed larger and more buoyant HDL particles than in controls, while LDL profile was much more similar. ABI, cIMT and arterial plaques did not differ in cases and controls and the two groups showed comparable FMD at brachial artery examination. Similarly, ABCA1 and ABCG1 HDL-mediated CEC, the most relevant for atheroprotection, did not discriminate between the groups and only ABCG1 pathway seemed somewhat related to arterial reactivity. CONCLUSIONS HDL dimension, function and genetics seem scarcely related to subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular reactivity in middle-aged HAL subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Vigna
- Medical Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - E Satta
- Medical Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Bernini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Boarini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bosi
- Medical Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Giusto
- Medical Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - P Tarugi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Vanini
- Medical Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Volpato
- Medical Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Zimetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Zuliani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Favari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Daud ZAM, Tubie B, Sheyman M, Osia R, Adams J, Tubie S, Khosla P. Vitamin E tocotrienol supplementation improves lipid profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:747-61. [PMID: 24348043 PMCID: PMC3849001 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s51710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic hemodialysis patients experience accelerated atherosclerosis contributed to by dyslipidemia, inflammation, and an impaired antioxidant system. Vitamin E tocotrienols possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the impact of dietary intervention with Vitamin E tocotrienols is unknown in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial was conducted in 81 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Subjects were provided daily with capsules containing either vitamin E tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) (180 mg tocotrienols, 40 mg tocopherols) or placebo (0.48 mg tocotrienols, 0.88 mg tocopherols). Endpoints included measurements of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin 6), oxidative status (total antioxidant power and malondialdehyde), lipid profiles (plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), as well as cholesteryl-ester transfer protein activity and apolipoprotein A1. RESULTS TRF supplementation did not impact any nutritional, inflammatory, or oxidative status biomarkers over time when compared with the baseline within the group (one-way repeated measures analysis of variance) or when compared with the placebo group at a particular time point (independent t-test). However, the TRF supplemented group showed improvement in lipid profiles after 12 and 16 weeks of intervention when compared with placebo at the respective time points. Normalized plasma triacylglycerols (cf baseline) in the TRF group were reduced by 33 mg/dL (P=0.032) and 36 mg/dL (P=0.072) after 12 and 16 weeks of intervention but no significant improvement was seen in the placebo group. Similarly, normalized plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher (P<0.05) in the TRF group as compared with placebo at both week 12 and week 16. The changes in the TRF group at week 12 and week 16 were associated with higher plasma apolipoprotein A1 concentration (P<0.02) and lower cholesteryl-ester transfer protein activity (P<0.001). CONCLUSION TRF supplementation improved lipid profiles in this study of maintenance hemodialysis patients. A multi-centered trial is warranted to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfitri A Mat Daud
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Osia
- Great Lake Dialysis Clinic, LLC, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Judy Adams
- Great Lake Dialysis Clinic, LLC, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sharon Tubie
- Great Lake Dialysis Clinic, LLC, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pramod Khosla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Virani SS, Lee VV, Brautbar A, Grove ML, Nambi V, Alam M, Elayda M, Wilson JM, Willerson JT, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne CM. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and recurrent coronary heart disease or mortality in patients with established atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 2013; 112:1287-92. [PMID: 23891427 PMCID: PMC3800478 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is not known whether genetic variants in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene are associated with recurrent coronary heart disease events or mortality in secondary prevention patients. Among 3,717 patients with acute coronary syndrome or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) enrolled in a prospective genetic registry, we evaluated whether CETP gene variants previously shown to be associated with reduced CETP activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase ("A" allele for both TaqIB [rs708272] and rs12149545) are associated with a reduction in recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), recurrent revascularization, or death. At 4.5 years of follow-up, 439 recurrent MI, 698 recurrent revascularizations, and 756 deaths occurred. Using an additive model of inheritance, the "A" allele for rs708272 was not associated with recurrent MI (hazard ratio [HR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 to 1.17 for AG; HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.19 for AA; compared with GG genotype), recurrent revascularization (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.33 for AG; HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.32 for AA), or mortality (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.19 for AG; HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.37 for AA) in the overall cohort. Similar results were seen for the "A" allele for rs12149545. In the CABG subgroup, AG genotype for rs708272 was associated with an increased mortality (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.79) compared with GG genotype. Results remained consistent using dominant model of inheritance. In conclusion, genetic CETP variants were not associated with recurrent MI or recurrent revascularization in overall cohort with a possible mortality increase in patients who underwent CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim S Virani
- Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Gao J, Cong HL, Mao YM, Liu Y, Zhang N, Chen Q, Liu T, Cui R. [Influence of CETP gene -629C/A polymorphism on the efficacy of atorvastatin treatment and clinical outcome]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2013; 30:553-558. [PMID: 24078569 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene polymorphism -629C/A among Han Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Tianjin region, and to assess the influence of genetic factors on therapeutic effect of atorvastatin and clinical outcome in order to provide a pharmacogenomic basis for personalized treatment. METHODS From October 2010 to July 2011, 232 patients with angiographically confirmed CHD were recruited. Polymorphism of position -629 of CETP gene promoter was determined with polymerase chain reaction - restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum level of CETP was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lipid level in all patients was determined at baseline and after 12 months of treatment with 20 mg/d atorvastatin. Clinical follow-up was carried out for more than a year (12-23 months). Major adverse cardiac events including death, non-fatal infarction, revascularization and stroke (MACE) were recorded. A Kaplan-Meier log-rank test was used to compare MACE-free survival for individuals with various genotypes. RESULTS The frequency of -629A allele was 0.408. Compared with CC or CA genotypes, individuals with AA genotype had lower CETP levels and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, albeit without statistical significance (F = 0.893, P = 0.411 and F = 1.279, P = 0.282, respectively). There also appeared to be a negative correlation between serum HDL-C and CETP levels, though no statistical significance was detected (r = -0.151, P = 0.081). After 12 months atorvastatin therapy, individuals with CC genotype had greater reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced LP(a) and elevated HDL-C compared with CA or AA genotypes. LDL-C level has decreased by 35.41% in CC homozygotes, 18.84% in CA heterozygotes and 8.15% in AA homozygotes (P = 0.001). HDL-C level has increased by 14.37% in CC homozygotes, 10.48% in CA heterozygotes and 6.64% in AA homozygotes, respectively. However, above changes did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.470). The incidence of MACE after a mean follow-up of (18.66 ± 5.99) months was 7.76%, which included 2 (0.86%) deaths, 5 (2.16%) non-fatal infarctions, 9 (3.88%) revascularizations and 2 (0.86%) strokes. The cumulative MACE-free survival rates were 92.4%, 85.3% and 65.0% for CC, CA and AA genotypes, respectively (Log-rank P = 0.444). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that AA variant for the -629A allele of CETP gene had higher HDL-C levels and reduced CETP levels, though patients with CC genotype appeared to have better benefited from statin therapy with reduction in LDL-C and LP(a) levels. Long-term clinical prognosis was however not affected by the 3 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300051, P. R. China.
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Vu CN, Ruiz-Esponda R, Yang E, Chang E, Gillard B, Pownall HJ, Hoogeveen RC, Coraza I, Balasubramanyam A. Altered relationship of plasma triglycerides to HDL cholesterol in patients with HIV/HAART-associated dyslipidemia: further evidence for a unique form of metabolic syndrome in HIV patients. Metabolism 2013; 62:1014-20. [PMID: 23522788 PMCID: PMC3691339 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma triglycerides (TG) and HDL-C are inversely related in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), due to exchange of VLDL-TG for HDL-cholesteryl esters catalyzed by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). We investigated the relationship of TG to HDL-C in highly-active antiretroviral drug (HAART)-treated HIV patients. METHODS Fasting plasma TG and HDL-C levels were compared in 179 hypertriglyceridemic HIV/HAART patients and 71 HIV-negative persons (31 normotriglyceridemic (NL) and 40 hypertriglyceridemic due to type IV hyperlipidemia (HTG)). CETP mass and activity were compared in 19 NL and 87 HIV/HAART subjects. RESULTS Among the three groups, a plot of HDL-C vs. TG gave similar slopes but significantly different y-intercepts (9.24±0.45, 8.16±0.54, 6.70±0.65, sqrt(HDL-C) for NL, HIV and HTG respectively; P<0.001); this difference persisted after adjusting HDL-C for TG, age, BMI, gender, glucose, CD4 count, viral load and HAART strata (7.18±0.20, 6.20±0.05 and 4.55±0.15 sqrt(HDL-C) for NL, HIV and HTG, respectively, P<0.001). CETP activity was not different between NL and HIV, but CETP mass was significantly higher in HIV (1.47±0.53 compared to 0.93±0.27μg/mL, P<0.0001), hence CETP specific activity was lower in HIV (22.67±13.46 compared to 28.46±8.24nmol/μg/h, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidemic HIV/HAART patients have a distinctive HDL-C plasma concentration adjusted for TG. The weak inverse relationship between HDL-C and TG is not explained by altered total CETP activity; it could result from a non-CETP-dependent mechanism or a decrease in CETP function due to inhibitors of CETP activity in HIV patients' plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N. Vu
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Raul Ruiz-Esponda
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Yang
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Evelyn Chang
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Baiba Gillard
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Henry J. Pownall
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ivonne Coraza
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Endocrine Service, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX
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Gao J, Mao YM, Cong HL, Liu Y, Zhang N, Chen Q, Liu T, Cui RZ. [Relationship between cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene -629C→A mutations with HDL-C levels and coronary heart disease]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2013; 41:399-405. [PMID: 24021123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the -629C/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the CETP gene, serum Levels, lipid metabolism, and coronary heart disease (CHD) among Tianjin Han Chinese population. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Tianjin Chest Hospital from 2010 October to 2011 October. The subjects underwent angiography were divided into a case group (n = 429) and a control group (n = 275). The CETP gene promoter polymorphism at position -629 was determined by restricted fragment length polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) method.The serum CETP levels was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS (1)The lower frequency of -629A allele in Tianjin Han Chinese population was 0.408, significantly lower than that in other domestic and foreign populations (0.479-0.701, P < 0.05). (2) Variant AA genotype showed reduced CETP levels(P > 0.05) and higher HDL-C levels (P < 0.05), compared to wild CC genotype. (3) Although there was a negative trend correlation between serum CETP and HDL-C levels, it did not reach statistical significance(P > 0.05). (4)There were significant differences in the frequencies of CETP gene -629 genotype and allele between the two groups (P < 0.001),carries with CA/AA genotype and A allele showed higher risk of CHD, OR (95%CI) values were 4.627 (3.163-6.769), 8.779 (4.799-16.059) and 3.173 (2.453-4.104) respectively. There was no relationship between CETP-629C/A polymorphism and coronary artery stenosis degree(χ(2) = 3.588, P = 0.166). CONCLUSION The frequencies of CETP gene -629 genotype and allele in the Tianjin Han Chinese population was significantly different from that in Other domestic and foreign populations. Variant AA genotype, which showed reduced CETP levels and higher HDL-C levels, is paradoxically associated with increased risk of CHD. Thus, CETP gene variation may affect coronary risk apart from the level of HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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McKay GJ, Savage DA, Patterson CC, Lewis G, McKnight AJ, Maxwell AP. Association analysis of dyslipidemia-related genes in diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58472. [PMID: 23555584 PMCID: PMC3608831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) increases risk of the development of microvascular complications and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidemia is a common risk factor in the pathogenesis of both CVD and diabetic nephropathy (DN), with CVD identified as the primary cause of death in patients with DN. In light of this commonality, we assessed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in thirty-seven key genetic loci previously associated with dyslipidemia in a T1D cohort using a case-control design. SNPs (n = 53) were genotyped using Sequenom in 1467 individuals with T1D (718 cases with proteinuric nephropathy and 749 controls without nephropathy i.e. normal albumin excretion). Cases and controls were white and recruited from the UK and Ireland. Association analyses were performed using PLINK to compare allele frequencies in cases and controls. In a sensitivity analysis, samples from control individuals with reduced renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) were excluded. Correction for multiple testing was performed by permutation testing. A total of 1394 samples passed quality control filters. Following regression analysis adjusted by collection center, gender, duration of diabetes, and average HbA1c, two SNPs were significantly associated with DN. rs4420638 in the APOC1 region (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51; confidence intervals [CI]: 1.19–1.91; P = 0.001) and rs1532624 in CETP (OR = 0.82; CI: 0.69–0.99; P = 0.034); rs4420638 was also significantly associated in a sensitivity analysis (P = 0.016) together with rs7679 (P = 0.027). However, no association was significant following correction for multiple testing. Subgroup analysis of end-stage renal disease status failed to reveal any association. Our results suggest common variants associated with dyslipidemia are not strongly associated with DN in T1D among white individuals. Our findings, cannot entirely exclude these key genes which are central to the process of dyslipidemia, from involvement in DN pathogenesis as our study had limited power to detect variants of small effect size. Analysis in larger independent cohorts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J McKay
- Nephrology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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Blesso CN, Andersen CJ, Barona J, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Whole egg consumption improves lipoprotein profiles and insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than yolk-free egg substitute in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2013; 62:400-10. [PMID: 23021013 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated if daily egg feeding, along with carbohydrate restriction, would alter lipoprotein metabolism and influence atherogenic lipoprotein profiles and insulin resistance in men and women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS In a randomized, single-blind, parallel design, participants consumed either 3 whole eggs/day (EGG, n=20) or the equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute (SUB, n=17), as part of a moderately carbohydrate-restricted diet (25%-30% energy) for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apos), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities were assessed at baseline and week 12. Lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Atherogenic dyslipidemia improved for all individuals as evidenced by reductions in plasma triglycerides, apoC-III, apoE, oxLDL, VLDL particle diameter, large VDL, total IDL, small LDL, and medium LDL particles (P<0.05). Furthermore, there were increases in HDL-cholesterol, large LDL and large HDL particles (P<0.05) for all individuals. However, there were greater increases in HDL-cholesterol and large HDL particles, and reductions in total VLDL and medium VLDL particles for those consuming EGG compared to SUB (P<0.05). Plasma insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were reduced, while LCAT activity, and both HDL and LDL diameters increased over time in the EGG group only (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating daily whole egg intake into a moderately carbohydrate-restricted diet provides further improvements in the atherogenic lipoprotein profile and in insulin resistance in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Arkhipova NS, Ar'ev AL, Popova EK, Grigor'eva LV, Kozina LS. [The connection of polymorphism I/D of the gene angiotensin-converting ferment and D442G gene of protein-carrier of cholesterol ethers with atherosclerosis risk factors in patients of elderly and senile age with coronary heart disease in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia)]. Adv Gerontol 2013; 26:76-81. [PMID: 24003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors analyse allocation of genotypes frequencies of polymorphism I/D of the gene of angiotensin-converting ferment (ASYA) and D442G gene of protein-transmitting agent of cholesterol ethers (CETP) in patients of elderly, senile age and long-livers with coronary heart disease taking into account their nationality, age and sex. With the age, the frequency reduction of occurrence of genotype ACE*I/*I has been observed and there is a tendency to increase of genotype frequency ACE*D/*D. Sexual distinctions in frequency of revealing of homozygous genotype ACE*D/*D have been revealed at the relative analysis of genotypes ACE*D/*D and ACE*D/*I. The carriers of genotype ACE*D/*D significantly more are males than females. In the general group (especially in the group of Yakuts), the carriers of genotype ACE*I/*I have demonstrated significantly more often the hypertrophy of myocardium of the left ventricle, which is accurately reflected with the help of ECG sign of Sokolov-Lion. While studying the polymorphism D442G of the gene CETP, the carriers of genotype CETP:D*/*G are significantly more often met among Yakuts, than non-indigenous population. The comparison of genotypes frequencies I/D-polymorphism of the gene ACE have showed reliable distinctions of BBI, indexes of blood lipids. The comparison of genotypes CETP*D/*D, CETP*D/*G has not yielded authentic connection with risk factors of coronary heart disease.
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Sugiuchi H, Matsushima K, Akiyoshi Y, Maeda K, Ando Y. [Development of the HDL-C and LDL-C direct methods and the subsequent evolution]. Rinsho Byori 2012; 60:632-636. [PMID: 22973722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Today, more than a decade after the development of direct methods for determining HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, there are calls to review the reagents in response to discrepancies in patient samples with increased levels of atypical lipoproteins, such as apoE-rich HDL, IDL, Lp-X, and Lp-Y. Seven direct HDL-C assays showed different reactions toward apoE-rich HDL in sera from patients with CETP deficiency and cholestasis. On the other hand, the reactivity of the direct LDL-C assays to serum samples with elevated levels of IDL, Lp-X, and Lp-Y varied considerably between assay kits from each manufacturer. We have also examined the anti-atherogenic functions of apoE-rich HDL from the serum of healthy individuals and patients with CETP deficiency and cholestasis. The ability of apoE-rich HDL to remove cholesterol from cholesterol-loaded macrophages showed that the apoE-rich HDL from CETP-deficient serum took up more cholesterol than apoE-poor HDL (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were observed for apoE-rich HDL from patients with cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sugiuchi
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan.
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Li Z, Wang Y, van der Sluis RJ, van der Hoorn JWA, Princen HMG, Van Eck M, Van Berkel TJC, Rensen PCN, Hoekstra M. Niacin reduces plasma CETP levels by diminishing liver macrophage content in CETP transgenic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:821-9. [PMID: 22750059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The anti-dyslipidemic drug niacin has recently been shown to reduce the hepatic expression and plasma levels of CETP. Since liver macrophages contribute to hepatic CETP expression, we investigated the role of macrophages in the CETP-lowering effect of niacin in mice. In vitro studies showed that niacin does not directly attenuate CETP expression in macrophages. Treatment of normolipidemic human CETP transgenic mice, fed a Western-type diet with niacin for 4 weeks, significantly reduced the hepatic cholesterol concentration (-20%), hepatic CETP gene expression (-20%), and plasma CETP mass (-30%). Concomitantly, niacin decreased the hepatic expression of CD68 (-44%) and ABCG1 (-32%), both of which are specific markers for the hepatic macrophage content. The decrease in hepatic CETP expression was significantly correlated with the reduction of hepatic macrophage markers. Furthermore, niacin attenuated atherogenic diet-induced inflammation in liver, as evident from decreased expression of TNF-alpha (-43%). Niacin similarly decreased the macrophage markers and absolute macrophage content in hyperlipidemic APOE*3-Leiden.CETP transgenic mice on a Western-type diet. In conclusion, niacin decreases hepatic CETP expression and plasma CETP mass by attenuating liver inflammation and macrophage content in response to its primary lipid-lowering effect, rather than by attenuating the macrophage CETP expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosha Li
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels bear an inverse relationship to cardiovascular risk. To date, however, no intervention specifically targeting HDL has been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular risk. Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates transfer of cholesterol ester from HDL to apolipoprotein B-containing particles. Most, but not all observational cohort studies indicate that genetic polymorphisms of CETP associated with reduced activity and higher HDL cholesterol levels are also associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. Some, but not all studies indicate that CETP inhibition in rabbits retards atherosclerosis, whereas transgenic CETP expression in mice promotes atherosclerosis. Torcetrapib, the first CETP inhibitor to reach phase III clinical development, was abandoned due to excess mortality associated with increases in aldosterone and blood pressure. Two other CETP inhibitors have entered phase III clinical development. Anacetrapib is a potent inhibitor of CETP that produces very large increases in HDL cholesterol and large reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, beyond those achieved with statins. Dalcetrapib is a less potent CETP inhibitor that produces smaller increases in HDL cholesterol with minimal effect on LDL cholesterol. Both agents appear to allow efflux of cholesterol from macrophages to HDL in vitro, and neither agent affects blood pressure or aldosterone in vivo. Two large cardiovascular outcomes trials, one with anacetrapib and one with dalcetrapib, should provide a conclusive test of the hypothesis that inhibition of CETP decreases cardiovascular risk.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion is observed in obesity and may contribute to increases in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Lipoprotein characteristics including increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are known independent risk factors for CVD. We hypothesized that reduced GH secretion in obesity would be associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile including increased small dense LDL particles. DESIGN To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied 102 normal weight and obese men and women using standard GH stimulation testing to assess GH secretory capacity and performed comprehensive lipoprotein analyses including determination of lipoprotein particle size and subclass concentrations using proton NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS Obese subjects were stratified into reduced or sufficient GH secretion based on the median peak-stimulated GH (≤6·25 μg/l). Obese subjects with reduced GH secretion (n = 35) demonstrated a smaller mean LDL and HDL particle size in comparison to normal weight subjects (n = 33) or obese subjects with sufficient GH (n = 34) by ANOVA (P < 0·0001). Univariate analyses demonstrated peak-stimulated GH was positively associated with LDL (r = 0·50; P < 0·0001) and HDL (r = 0·57; P < 0·0001), but not VLDL (P = 0·06) particle size. Multivariate regression analysis controlling for age, gender, race, ethnicity, tobacco, use of lipid-lowering medication, BMI and HOMA demonstrated peak-stimulated GH remained significantly associated with LDL particle size (β = 0·01; P = 0·01; R(2) = 0·42; P < 0·0001 for overall model) and HDL particle size (β = 0·008; P = 0·001; R(2) = 0·44; P < 0·0001 for overall model). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest reduced peak-stimulated GH in obesity is independently associated with a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile defined in terms of particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Makimura
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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de Vries R, Dikkeschei BD, Sluiter WJ, Dallinga-Thie GM, van Tol A, Dullaart RPF. Statin and fibrate combination does not additionally lower plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Lab 2012; 58:1231-1239. [PMID: 23289194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) from high density lipoproteins (HDL) to very low and low density lipoproteins (VLDL+LDL) may predict (subclinical) atherosclerosis. We tested the extent to which plasma CET and cholesterol esterification (EST) are decreased by statin and fibrate combination therapy compared to statin and fibrate administration alone in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Plasma CET and EST were measured by isotope assays in 14 type 2 diabetic patients, in whom a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study was carried out (8 weeks treatment with simvastatin (40 mg daily), bezafibrate (400 mg daily) and their combination). Plasma CET and EST from diabetic patients were compared with 42 non-diabetic control subjects with similar triglyceride levels. RESULTS Plasma CET and EST were elevated in diabetic patients at baseline compared to control subjects (p < 0.01), and were correlated positively with non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in non-diabetic subjects and in diabetic patients at baseline (p < 0.01). Decreases in CET during combined treatment (p < 0.05) were not greater than the changes during simvastatin and bezafibrate monotherapy (p > 0.20). EST only decreased during bezafibrate therapy (p < 0.05). Changes in CET during treatment were correlated positively with changes in non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and triglycerides (p < 0.001). Changes in HDL cholesterol were related inversely to changes in CET (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes-associated plasma CET elevations are ameliorated by statin and fibrate monotherapy, but combined lipid lowering drug treatment does not additively lower CET. CET lowering likely contributes to HDL cholesterol changes during statin and fibrate administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rindert de Vries
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
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Yagyu H, Nagashima S, Takahashi M, Miyamoto M, Okada K, Osuga JI, Ishibashi S. Ezetimibe, an inhibitor of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein, decreases cholesteryl ester transfer protein in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2012; 59:1077-84. [PMID: 22850130 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the effects of ezetimibe on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, the HDL subclasses, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were measured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-three hypercholesterolemic patients with T2DM were treated with 10 mg of ezetimibe daily for 12 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C), HDL-C, HDL(2)-C, HDL(3)-C, CETP mass, and LCAT activity were measured. HDL-C and HDL(2)-C increased by 5% (p<0.05) and 12% (p<0.01), respectively, in response to ezetimibe. Of the 23 patients, 21 had decreased CETP mass, which led to an average reduction of 20% (p<0.0001). LCAT activity also decreased by 6% (p<0.01). A significant positive correlation was found in the changes from baseline between HDL(2)-C and CETP mass, whereas a significant inverse relationship was observed between HDL(3)-C and CETP mass. Furthermore, the change in HDL-C was positively correlated with the change in LCAT activity. In conclusion, ezetimibe may affect HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport, especially CETP, in T2DM. These observations may provide some insights into how ezetimibe prevents atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yagyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
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Zhu PT, Bo P, Sun Y. [Study on the correlation between Chinese medical syndrome types and serum levels of PLTP and CETP in coronary heart disease patients]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2011; 31:749-752. [PMID: 21823416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between the serum levels of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and Chinese medical syndrome types of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, thus probing a new pathway for the objectivity of CHD syndrome typing and developing therapeutic drugs. METHODS 201 patients with CHD confirmed by coronary angiography were selected. The comprehensive analysis database by the four examination methods was established using generally accepted standard for Chinese medical syndrome typing. Twenty healthy subjects were randomly recruited as the control group. Serum samples were separated from venous blood. The serum activities of PLTP and CETP were assayed by ELISA. The triglyceride (TG) content was determined using acetic acetone coloring method. Contents of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined using precipitation floating enzyme couplet method. RESULTS Serum levels of PLTP, CETP, and TC of CHD patients of all Chinese medical syndrome types were significantly higher than those of the control group, showing statistical difference (P<0.05, P<0.01). Statistical difference existed in serum levels of TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C of all Chinese medical syndrome types when compared with the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Statistical difference existed in serum levels of PLTP between the sthenia in superficiality groups of all Chinese medical syndrome types and the asthenia in origin groups of all Chinese medical syndrome types (P< 0.05). Statistical difference existed in serum levels of TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C between the sthenia in superficiality groups of all Chinese medical syndrome types and the asthenia in origin groups of all Chinese medical syndrome types (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The serum PLTP levels of CHD patients of sthenia in superficiality significantly increased. Changes in serum lipids was more significant in CHD patients of the sthenia in superficiality syndrome than in those of the asthenia in origin syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-ting Zhu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225001
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Hu C, Wei H, van den Hoek AM, Wang M, van der Heijden R, Spijksma G, Reijmers TH, Bouwman J, Wopereis S, Havekes LM, Verheij E, Hankemeier T, Xu G, van der Greef J. Plasma and liver lipidomics response to an intervention of rimonabant in ApoE*3Leiden.CETP transgenic mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19423. [PMID: 21611179 PMCID: PMC3096625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipids are known to play crucial roles in the development of life-style related risk factors such as obesity, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension and diabetes. The first selective cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant, an anorectic anti-obesity drug, was frequently used in conjunction with diet and exercise for patients with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 with associated risk factors such as type II diabetes and dyslipidaemia in the past. Less is known about the impact of this drug on the regulation of lipid metabolism in plasma and liver in the early stage of obesity. Methodology/Principal Findings We designed a four-week parallel controlled intervention on apolipoprotein E3 Leiden cholesteryl ester transfer protein (ApoE*3Leiden.CETP) transgenic mice with mild overweight and hypercholesterolemia. A liquid chromatography–linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometric approach was employed to investigate plasma and liver lipid responses to the rimonabant intervention. Rimonabant was found to induce a significant body weight loss (9.4%, p<0.05) and a significant plasma total cholesterol reduction (24%, p<0.05). Six plasma and three liver lipids in ApoE*3Leiden.CETP transgenic mice were detected to most significantly respond to rimonabant treatment. Distinct lipid patterns between the mice were observed for both plasma and liver samples in rimonabant treatment vs. non-treated controls. This study successfully applied, for the first time, systems biology based lipidomics approaches to evaluate treatment effects of rimonabant in the early stage of obesity. Conclusion The effects of rimonabant on lipid metabolism and body weight reduction in the early stage obesity were shown to be moderate in ApoE*3Leiden.CETP mice on high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heng Wei
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mei Wang
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Zeist, The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van der Heijden
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Spijksma
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H. Reijmers
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elwin Verheij
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Zeist, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (JvdG); (GX)
| | - Jan van der Greef
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Zeist, The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (JvdG); (GX)
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Choi SY, Park GS, Lee SY, Kim JY, Kim YK. The conformation and CETP inhibitory activity of [10]-dehydrogingerdione isolated from Zingiber officinale. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:727-31. [PMID: 21656357 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the course of searching for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors from natural sources, a new type of CETP inhibitor, [10]-dehydrogingerdione (1), was isolated from the extract of rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. By NMR spectroscopic analysis of its (1)HNMR, (13)C-NMR, and (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMBC, HMQC and NOESY, more precise structure, compared with its originally proposed structures, of [10]-dehydrogingerdione has been elucidated. This active compound inhibited human plasma CETP with IC(50) values of 35 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Yong Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Zachariah JP, Pencina MJ, Lyass A, Kaur G, D'Agostino RB, Ordovas JM, Vasan RS. Circulating plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and blood pressure tracking in the community. J Hypertens 2011; 29:863-8. [PMID: 21430561 PMCID: PMC3204923 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283450223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical trials using cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations reported an 'off-target' blood pressure (BP) raising effect. We evaluated the relations of baseline plasma CETP activity and longitudinal BP change. METHODS AND RESULTS One thousand, three hundred and seven Framingham Study participants free of cardiovascular disease attending consecutive examinations 4 years apart (mean age 48 years) had baseline plasma CETP activity related to change in BP over the 4-year interval, adjusting for standard risk factors. Systolic BP increased [median +2 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -16,+23 mmHg], whereas diastolic BP decreased (median -3 mmHg, 95% CI -15,+11 mmHg). Plasma CETP activity was not related to change in diastolic BP, but was inversely related to change in systolic BP that was borderline significant (P=0.09). On multivariable analyses, plasma CETP activity was inversely related to change in pulse pressure (PP; beta per SD increment= -0.71 mmHg, P=0.005). When dichotomized at the median, plasma CETP activity above the median was associated with a 1 mmHg lower PP on follow-up (P=0.045). CONCLUSION Decreasing plasma CETP activity was modestly related to increasing PP on follow-up in our community-based sample, suggesting that inhibition of intrinsic CETP activity itself is likely associated with minimal changes in BP.
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Schechter CB, Barzilai N, Crandall JP, Atzmon G. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genotype and reduced CETP levels associated with decreased prevalence of hypertension. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85:522-6. [PMID: 20511482 PMCID: PMC2878255 DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2009.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify whether reduced cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity carries inherent blood pressure risks and to infer whether the increased blood pressure and elevated mortality associated with torcetrapib are idiosyncratic or characteristic of this class of drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the associations among CETP genotype, phenotype, and blood pressure in a cohort of 521 older adults (who have complete data for the variables required in our primary analysis) enrolled between November 1, 1998, and June 30, 2003, in our ongoing studies of genes associated with longevity, including a cohort with a high prevalence of a genotype coding for a reduced activity variant of CETP and low levels of CETP. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was actually lower among homozygotes for the variant CETP (48% vs 60% among those with wild-type and 65% among heterozygotes; P=.03). Low levels of CETP were associated with reduced prevalence of hypertension (65% in highest tertile, 59% in middle tertile, and 55% in lowest tertile; P=.04) and lower systolic blood pressure (140.8, 138.1, 136.2 mm Hg, respectively; P=.03). CONCLUSION Reduced levels of CETP are associated with lower, not higher, blood pressure. The adverse results with torcetrapib, if mediated through blood pressure, are likely to represent effects of this specific drug, rather than a result of lower CETP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde B Schechter
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Alssema M, El-Harchaoui K, Schindhelm RK, Diamant M, Nijpels G, Kostense PJ, Teerlink T, Heine RJ, Dallinga-Thie GM, Kuivenhoven JA, Dekker JM, Scheffer PG. Fasting cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration is independently associated with the postprandial decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration after fat-rich meals: the Hoorn prandial study. Metabolism 2010; 59:854-60. [PMID: 20005542 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test whether fasting or postprandial cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) concentrations are associated with postprandial changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations after fat-rich or carbohydrate-rich meals. Postmenopausal women (76 with normal glucose metabolism [NGM], 41 with type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and 38 T2DM women with statin therapy [T2DM-ST]) received 2 consecutive fat-rich or carbohydrate-rich meals on separate occasions. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of fasting CETP and postprandial changes of CETP with postprandial changes in HDL-c. Mean plasma HDL-c concentrations decreased significantly after the fat-rich meals: 0.18 +/- 0.09 mmol/L in NGM, 0.16 +/- 0.09 mmol/L in T2DM, and 0.14 +/- 0.08 mmol/L in T2DM-ST women. This effect was smaller after using carbohydrate-rich meals: 0.12 +/- 0.09 mmol/L in the NGM, 0.12 +/- 0.08 mmol/L in the T2DM, and 0.10 +/- 0.05 mmol/L in the T2DM-ST study group. Higher fasting but not postprandial CETP concentrations were associated with a larger postprandial decrease in HDL-c (beta -0.034; 95% confidence interval, -0.067 to -0.001) after the fat-rich meals. This association was independent of the postprandial increase in triglycerides and similar among the 3 study groups. A high fasting CETP concentration may contribute to the postprandial atherogenic lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women by decreasing HDL-c after fat-rich meals. This effect is independent from the postprandial increase in triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Alssema
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mazzucco S, Agostini F, Mangogna A, Cattin L, Biolo G. Prolonged inactivity up-regulates cholesteryl ester transfer protein independently of body fat changes in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:2508-12. [PMID: 20228163 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Physical inactivity is associated with insulin resistance and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is involved in cholesterol metabolism, being responsible for the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to very low- and low-density lipoproteins. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that physical inactivity could decrease HDL cholesterol through changes in CETP availability. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four healthy, male volunteers (aged 23.1 +/- 0.5 yr) were investigated in eucaloric conditions before and at the end of 35 d of experimental bed rest. MEASURES Changes in body composition were monitored by bioimpedance throughout the study. Before and at the end of the experimental period, plasma insulin and glucose and plasma lipid pattern as well as CETP concentrations were determined. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that during bed rest, fat mass did not change significantly, whereas fat-free mass decreased by 3.9 +/- 0.4% (P < 0.01). The homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance significantly (P < 0.001) increased by 47 +/- 11% after bed rest. Bed rest decreased HDL cholesterol by 12 +/- 3% (P < 0.05), increased triglycerides by 51 +/- 10% (P < 0.05), whereas it did not change significantly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Plasma CETP concentration increased after bed rest by 27 +/- 9% (P < 0.01). Bed rest-induced changes in CETP concentrations inversely correlated with changes in the ratio between HDL and non-HDL cholesterol (n = 24; R = -0.43; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical inactivity decreases HDL cholesterol, at least in part, through CETP up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mazzucco
- Department of Medical, Technological, and Translational Science, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
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Dullaart RPF, van den Berg G, van der Knaap AM, Dijck-Brouwer J, Dallinga-Thie GM, Zelissen PMJ, Sluiter WJ, van Beek AP. HDL cholesterol response to GH replacement is associated with common cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene variation (-629C>A) and modified by glucocorticoid treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 162:227-34. [PMID: 19926784 DOI: 10.1530/eje-09-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GH replacement lowers total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in GH-deficient adults, but effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) are variable. Both GH and glucocorticoids decrease cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, which is important in HDL metabolism. We determined the extent to which the changes in HDL-C in response to GH replacement are predicted by the -629C>A CETP promoter polymorphism, and questioned whether this association is modified by concomitant glucocorticoid treatment. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 91 GH-deficient adults (63 receiving glucocorticoids) were genotyped for the -629 CETP C>A polymorphism. Fasting serum lipids were measured before and after 1.2+/-0.4 years of GH treatment (Genotropin, Pfizer Inc., Stockholm, Sweden). RESULTS In the whole group, total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased (P<0.05) after GH treatment, but the changes in HDL-C were not significant. In CC carriers receiving glucocorticoids (n=19), HDL-C rose by 0.15+/-0.25 mmol/l (P=0.02; P<0.03 from unchanged HDL-C in -629 AA+CA carriers on glucocorticoids and from CC homozygotes not receiving glucocorticoids). Multivariate regression analysis showed that individual changes in HDL-C were predicted by the CETP polymorphism (CC versus AA+CC, P=0.006) in glucocorticoid users, independently of baseline HDL-C and other variables including apolipoprotein E4 carrier status; an opposite association with the CETP polymorphism was found in patients not receiving glucocorticoids (P=0.053). CONCLUSIONS We suggest a common CETP variant-glucocorticoid treatment interaction concerning the effect of GH replacement on HDL-C. This may explain some of the reported variation in the HDL-C response to GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology Laboratory Centre, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Robins SJ, Zachariah JP, Kaur G, D'Agostino RB, Ordovas JM. Association of circulating cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity with incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. Circulation 2009; 120:2414-20. [PMID: 19948972 PMCID: PMC2818786 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.872705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is related inversely to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and may be cardioprotective, but an initial clinical trial with a CETP inhibitor was stopped prematurely because of increased CVD in treated patients, raising concerns about this approach. Data relating circulating CETP concentrations to CVD incidence in the community are conflicting. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma CETP activity was measured in 1978 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age, 51 years; 54% women) who attended a routine examination in 1987-1990 and were free of CVD. On follow-up (mean, 15.1 years), 320 participants experienced a first CVD event (fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, or heart failure). In multivariable analyses adjusted for standard risk factors including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma CETP activity was related inversely to the incidence of CVD events (hazard ratio for activity, at or above the median of 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.90; P=0.004 [compared with below median]; hazard ratio per SD increment, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 0.97; P=0.01). The inverse association of CETP activity with CVD incidence remained robust in time-dependent models updating standard risk factors every 4 years and was maintained in analyses of incident "hard" CVD events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). CONCLUSIONS In our prospective investigation of a community-based sample, lower plasma CETP activity was associated with greater CVD risk. These observations, if confirmed, challenge the concept that CETP inhibition may lower CVD risk.
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Cannon CP, Dansky HM, Davidson M, Gotto AM, Brinton EA, Gould AL, Stepanavage M, Liu SX, Shah S, Rubino J, Gibbons P, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Binkowitz B, Mitchel Y, Barter P. Design of the DEFINE trial: determining the EFficacy and tolerability of CETP INhibition with AnacEtrapib. Am Heart J 2009; 158:513-519.e3. [PMID: 19781408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual cardiovascular (CV) risk often remains high despite statin therapy to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). New therapies to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are currently being investigated. Anacetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor that raises HDL-C and reduces LDL-C when administered alone or with a statin. Adverse effects on blood pressure, electrolytes, and aldosterone levels, seen with another drug in this class, have not been noted in studies of anacetrapib to date. METHODS Determining the EFficacy and Tolerability of CETP INhibition with AnacEtrapib (DEFINE) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety profile of anacetrapib in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) or CHD risk equivalents (clinical trials.gov NCT00685776). Eligible patients at National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III LDL-C treatment goal on a statin, with or without other lipid-modifying medications, are treated with anacetrapib, 100 mg, or placebo for 18 months, followed by a 3-month, poststudy follow-up. The primary end points are percent change from baseline in LDL-C and the safety and tolerability of anacetrapib. Comprehensive preplanned interim safety analyses will be performed at the 6- and 12-month time points to examine treatment effects on key safety end points, including blood pressure and electrolytes. A preplanned Bayesian analysis will be performed to interpret the CV event distribution, given the limited number of events expected in this study. RESULTS A total of 2,757 patients were screened at 153 centers in 20 countries, and 1,623 patients were randomized into the trial. Lipid results, clinical CV events, and safety outcomes from this trial are anticipated in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Cannon
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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