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Miyazaki Y, Nakamura T, Takenouchi S, Hayashi A, Omori K, Murata T. Urinary 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α can be indexes of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245292. [PMID: 33503019 PMCID: PMC7840041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is needed to reduce the mortal consequence by cancer. Lipid mediators play critical role in progression of colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) and some of their metabolites are excreted in urine. Here, we attempted to find novel biomarkers in urinary lipid metabolite of a murine model of CAC. Mice were received single administration of azoxymethane (AOM) and repeated administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Lipid metabolites in their urine was measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and their colon was collected to perform morphological study. AOM and DSS caused inflammation and tumor formation in mouse colon. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolites showed that cyclooxygenase-mediated arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated AA metabolites, isoprostanes, were predominantly increased in the urine of tumor-bearing mice. Among that, urinary prostaglandin (PG)E2 metabolite tetranor-PGEM and PGD2 metabolite tetranor-PGDM were significantly increased in both of urine collected at the acute phase of colitis and the carcinogenesis phase. On the other hand, two F2 isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α, were significantly increased only in the carcinogenesis phase. Morphological study showed that infiltrated monocytes into tumor mass strongly expressed ROS generator NADPH (p22phox). These observations suggest that urinary 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α can be indexes of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyazaki
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Takenouchi
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Hayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Omori
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ashrap P, Watkins DJ, Milne GL, Ferguson KK, Loch-Caruso R, Fernandez J, Rosario Z, Vélez-Vega CM, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Maternal Urinary Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in Association with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010114. [PMID: 33467519 PMCID: PMC7830802 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal exposure has been associated with a wide range of adverse birth outcomes and oxidative stress is a leading hypothesis of the mechanism of action of metal toxicity. We assessed the relationship between maternal exposure to essential and non-essential metals and metalloids in pregnancy and oxidative stress markers, and sought to identify windows of vulnerability and effect modification by fetal sex. In our analysis of 215 women from the PROTECT birth cohort study, we measured 14 essential and non-essential metals in urine samples at three time points during pregnancy. The oxidative stress marker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and its metabolite 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-15-F2t-IsoP, as well as prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), were also measured in the same urine samples. Using linear mixed models, we examined the main effects of metals on markers of oxidative stress as well as the visit-specific and fetal sex-specific effects. After adjustment for covariates, we found that a few urinary metal concentrations, most notably cesium (Cs) and copper (Cu), were associated with higher 8-iso-PGF2α with effect estimates ranging from 7.3 to 14.9% for each interquartile range, increase in the metal concentration. The effect estimates were generally in the same direction at the three visits and a few were significant only among women carrying a male fetus. Our data show that higher urinary metal concentrations were associated with elevated biomarkers of oxidative stress. Our results also indicate a potential vulnerability of women carrying a male fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahriya Ashrap
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.A.); (D.J.W.); (R.L.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.A.); (D.J.W.); (R.L.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.A.); (D.J.W.); (R.L.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Jennifer Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.A.); (D.J.W.); (R.L.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Zaira Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (Z.R.); (J.F.C.)
| | - Carmen M. Vélez-Vega
- UPR Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, San Juan, PR 00921, USA;
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - José F. Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (Z.R.); (J.F.C.)
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.A.); (D.J.W.); (R.L.-C.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-764-7184
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Tea consumption and oxidative stress: a cross-sectional analysis of 889 premenopausal women from the Sister Study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:582-590. [PMID: 30567620 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In experimental and clinical studies, green or black tea consumption has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. However, these studies involved high levels of tea consumption and may not reflect patterns in the general population. Here, we examined the association between black or green tea consumption and oxidative stress in a cross-sectional study of 889 premenopausal US women aged 35-54 years. Tea consumption was measured using the Block-98 FFQ. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α (F2-IsoP) and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP-M) were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. These compounds were measured by MS and normalised to creatinine. Linear regression was used to calculate the geometric mean differences (GMD) and 95% CI for log-transformed urinary F2-IsoP or 15-F2t-IsoP-M in relation to black or green tea consumption. We further examined whether adjusting for caffeine impacted associations between tea and oxidative stress. Geometric means of urinary F2-IsoP and 15-F2t-IsoP-M were 1·44 (95% CI 1·39, 1·49) and 0·71 (95% CI 0·69, 0·73) ng/mg creatinine, respectively. Overall, green tea consumption was not associated with urinary F2-IsoP or 15-F2t-IsoP-M. High-level black tea consumption (≥5 cups/week compared with 0) was associated with higher 15-F2t-IsoP-M concentrations (adjusted GMD=0·10, 95 % CI 0·02-0.19) but not F2-IsoP. Adjusting for caffeine nullified the association between black tea and 15-F2t-IsoP-M. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that dietary tea consumption is inversely associated with oxidative stress.
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Anderson C, Milne GL, Park YMM, Sandler DP, Nichols HB. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and oxidative stress among premenopausal women. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:246-251. [PMID: 29229550 PMCID: PMC5767519 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one hypothesized mechanism linking anthropometric, behavioral, and medical risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated cross-sectional associations between CVD risk factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress, and investigated these biomarkers as predictors of incident diabetes and hypertension among premenopausal women. F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoP) and metabolite (15-F2t-IsoP-M), reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress, were measured in urine samples collected at enrollment from 897 premenopausal women (ages 35-54) enrolled in the Sister Study cohort without a CVD history. Blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were measured at enrollment by trained study personnel. Diabetes and cigarette smoking were self-reported via enrollment questionnaires. Over a maximum follow-up of 11.5 years, participants self-reported incident diabetes and hypertension diagnoses on mailed questionnaires. In cross-sectional analyses, both F2-IsoP and 15-F2t-IsoP-M were positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and current smoking. F2-IsoP was elevated among those with diabetes, and 15-F2t-IsoP-M increased with higher systolic blood pressure. Prospective analyses suggested an increased hypertension risk among those with elevated 15-F2t-IsoP-M (highest vs. lowest quartile: hazard ratio=2.34; 95% CI: 1.20-4.56). Our results suggest that urinary F2-IsoP and 15-F2t-IsoP-M are positively associated with adiposity measures, blood pressure, and cigarette smoking. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate 15-F2t-IsoP-M as a predictor of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yong-Moon Mark Park
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Anderson C, Milne GL, Park YMM, Sandler DP, Nichols HB. Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Are Positively Associated with Oxidative Stress among Premenopausal Women. J Nutr 2018; 148:125-130. [PMID: 29378036 PMCID: PMC5972583 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diets with a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been hypothesized to increase oxidative stress, but the limited human studies are inconsistent. Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between dietary GI, GL, and carbohydrate intake and oxidative stress, as measured by F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs). Methods Concentrations of F2-IsoP and its metabolite (15-F2t-IsoP-M) were measured in urine samples collected at enrollment from 866 premenopausal women (aged 35-54 y) participating in the Sister Study. Total carbohydrate intake and dietary GI and GL were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Urinary F2-IsoP and 15-F2t-IsoP-M concentrations were compared across quintiles of carbohydrate intake, GI, and GL using multivariable linear regression models. Results Urinary F2-IsoP concentrations were positively associated with dietary GI (P-trend = 0.023), and both F2-IsoP and 15-F2t-IsoP-M concentrations were positively associated with GL (F2-IsoP: P-trend < 0.001; 15-F2t-IsoP-M: P-trend < 0.001) and total carbohydrate intake (F2-IsoP: P-trend = 0.012; 15-F2t-IsoP-M: P-trend < 0.001). Stratified analyses suggested that a positive association between GI and urinary 15-F2t-IsoP-M concentrations was present among women with a body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] ≥30.0, but not among those with a BMI of <25.0 or 25.0-29.9 (P-interaction = 0.01). Conclusions Our cross-sectional analyses in a sample of premenopausal women support hypothesized relations between high dietary GI and GL and oxidative stress, as assessed by urinary F2-IsoP and 15-F2t-IsoP-M concentrations. Given potential associations between oxidative stress and the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, our findings may have important implications for reducing chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yong-Moon Mark Park
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Address correspondence HBN (e-mail: )
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Nichols HB, Anderson C, White AJ, Milne GL, Sandler DP. Oxidative Stress and Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women. Epidemiology 2017; 28:667-674. [PMID: 28520645 PMCID: PMC5580344 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detrimental effects of oxidative stress are widely recognized, but induction of apoptosis and senescence may also have benefits for cancer prevention. Recent studies suggest oxidative stress may be associated with lower breast cancer risk before menopause. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study (N = 457 cases, 910 controls) within the NIEHS Sister Study cohort of 50,884 women. Premenopausal women ages 35-54 were eligible for selection. We matched controls 2:1 to cases on age and enrollment year and were breast cancer-free at the time of the corresponding case's diagnosis. Oxidative stress was measured by urinary F2-isoprostane and metabolite (15-F2t-isoprostane-M) concentrations. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and other potential confounders, the OR for breast cancer comparing the >90th (≥2.94 ng/mgCr) to <25th percentile (1.01 ng/mgCr) was 1.1 (CI: 0.65, 1.7) for F2-isoprostane and 0.70 (CI: 0.43, 1.1) for the metabolite. Higher metabolite concentrations were associated with lower breast cancer risk among women who were also premenopausal (353 cases, OR: 0.59, CI: 0.34, 1.0) or <46 years (82 cases, OR: 0.15, CI: 0.06, 0.42) at diagnosis. ORs for the metabolite and breast cancer were inverse among women with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m (OR: 0.47, CI: 0.18, 1.2, 208 cases) and >30 kg/m (OR: 0.71, CI: 0.30, 1.7, 107 cases), but not among women with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m (OR: 0.98, CI: 0.39, 2.5, 138 cases). CONCLUSIONS Together with other studies, our results support a possible inverse association between oxidative stress and premenopausal breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel B. Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Chelsea Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC
| | | | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC
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7
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Abstract
Higher levels of oxidative stress, as measured by F2-isoprostanes, have been associated with chronic diseases such as CVD and some cancers. Improvements in diet and physical activity may help reduce oxidative stress; however, previous studies regarding associations between lifestyle factors and F2-isoprostane concentrations have been inconsistent. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether physical activity and intakes of fruits/vegetables, antioxidant nutrients, dietary fat subgroups and alcohol are associated with concentrations of F2-isoprostane and the major F2-isoprostane metabolite. Urinary F2-isoprostane and its metabolite were measured in urine samples collected at enrolment from 912 premenopausal women (aged 35-54 years) participating in the Sister Study. Physical activity, alcohol consumption and dietary intakes were self-reported via questionnaires. With adjustment for potential confounders, the geometric means of F2-isoprostane and its metabolite were calculated according to quartiles of dietary intakes, alcohol consumption and physical activity, and linear regression models were used to evaluate trends. Significant inverse associations were found between F2-isoprostane and/or its metabolite and physical activity, vegetables, fruits, vitamin C, α-carotene, vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin A, Se, lutein+zeaxanthin and long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Although trans fats were positively associated with both F2-isoprostane and its metabolite, other dietary fat subgroups including SFA, n-6 fatty acids, n-3 fatty acids, MUFA, PUFA, short-chain n-3 fatty acids, long-chain n-3 fatty acids and total fat were not associated with either F2-isoprostane or its metabolite. Our findings suggest that lower intake of antioxidant nutrients and higher intake of trans fats may be associated with greater oxidative stress among premenopausal women.
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Analysis of urinary 8-isoprostane as an oxidative stress biomarker by stable isotope dilution using automated online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 112:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vigor C, Bertrand-Michel J, Pinot E, Oger C, Vercauteren J, Le Faouder P, Galano JM, Lee JCY, Durand T. Non-enzymatic lipid oxidation products in biological systems: assessment of the metabolites from polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 964:65-78. [PMID: 24856297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids notably omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids have become important biomarkers of lipid products. Especially the arachidonic acid-derived F2-isoprostanes are the classic in vivo biomarker for oxidative stress in biological systems. In recent years other isoprostanes from eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, adrenic and α-linolenic acids have been evaluated, namely F3-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, F2-dihomo-isoprostanes and F1-phytoprostanes, respectively. These have been gaining interest as complementary specific biomarkers in human diseases. Refined extraction methods, robust analysis and elucidation of chemical structures have improved the sensitivity of detection in biological tissues and fluids. Previously the main reliable instrumentation for measurement was gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but now the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and immunological techniques is gaining much attention. In this review, the types of prostanoids generated from non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of some important omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and biological samples that have been determined by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/Université Montpellier 1/Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Plateau de lipidomique, Bio-Medical Federative Research Institute of Toulouse, INSERM, Plateforme MetaToul, Toulouse, France
| | - Edith Pinot
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/Université Montpellier 1/Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/Université Montpellier 1/Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/Université Montpellier 1/Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- Plateau de lipidomique, Bio-Medical Federative Research Institute of Toulouse, INSERM, Plateforme MetaToul, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/Université Montpellier 1/Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Biological Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/Université Montpellier 1/Université Montpellier 2, France.
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Davies SS, Guo L. Lipid peroxidation generates biologically active phospholipids including oxidatively N-modified phospholipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 181:1-33. [PMID: 24704586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidation of membranes and lipoproteins converts "inert" phospholipids into a plethora of oxidatively modified phospholipids (oxPL) that can act as signaling molecules. In this review, we will discuss four major classes of oxPL: mildly oxygenated phospholipids, phospholipids with oxidatively truncated acyl chains, phospholipids with cyclized acyl chains, and phospholipids that have been oxidatively N-modified on their headgroups by reactive lipid species. For each class of oxPL we will review the chemical mechanisms of their formation, the evidence for their formation in biological samples, the biological activities and signaling pathways associated with them, and the catabolic pathways for their elimination. We will end by briefly highlighting some of the critical questions that remain about the role of oxPL in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, United States.
| | - Lilu Guo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, United States
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Urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and breast cancer survival. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:701-7. [PMID: 24820618 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Systemic oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of many chronic diseases, including breast cancer. No studies have investigated F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), valid biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress, in association with breast cancer prognosis. We conducted a nested case-control study in a prospective breast cancer survivor cohort to investigate systemic oxidative stress and survival. METHODS Urinary levels of F2-IsoPs and its major urinary metabolite (2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP, F2-IsoP-M) were measured post-cancer treatment using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry for 57 deceased breast cancer patients (cases) and 103 surviving patients (controls) matched 1:2 on age at diagnosis, stage, and diagnosis year. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS In unadjusted models, elevated F2-IsoP levels categorized based on the median value [≥1.73; <1.73 (reference)] were nonsignificantly inversely associated with mortality (OR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.24-1.10). After adjustment for potential confounders, elevated F2-IsoP levels were significantly associated with mortality (OR 0.36, 95 % CI 0.14-0.96). The inverse association was marginally significant when F2-IsoP was categorized based on tertiles (p trend = 0.08). In contrast, elevated F2-IsoP-M levels, categorized based on the median level [≥0.91; < 0.91(reference)], were associated with a statistically nonsignificant increased risk of mortality in both unadjusted and adjusted models (adjusted OR 1.39, 95 % CI 0.62-3.09). CONCLUSION Results suggest a role for oxidative stress biomarkers in breast cancer survival; however, as this is the first study to date, additional larger studies are needed.
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Musiek ES, Morrow JD. F2-isoprostanes as markers of oxidant stress: an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 17:Unit 17.5. [PMID: 23045114 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1705s24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The isoprostanes are a unique series of prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo via a non-enzymatic mechanism involving the free radical-initiated peroxidation of arachidonic acid. This unit summarizes selected aspects regarding current knowledge of these compounds and their value as markers of oxidative injury. Novel aspects related to the biochemistry of isoprostane formation are discussed and methods by which these compounds can be analyzed and quantified are summarized. A considerable portion of this unit examines the utility of F(2)-isoprostanes as markers of oxidant injury in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies carried out over the past decade have shown that these compounds are extremely accurate measures of lipid peroxidation in animals and humans and have illuminated the role of oxidant injury in a number of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Ligor M, Olszowy P, Buszewski B. Application of medical and analytical methods in Lyme borreliosis monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2233-48. [PMID: 22015476 PMCID: PMC3281207 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is one of the most common tick-borne diseases in the northern hemisphere. It is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi. In its early stages, pathological skin lesions, namely erythema chronicum migrans, appear. The lesions, usually localised at the site of the bite, may become visible from a few weeks up to 3 months after the infection. Predominant clinical symptoms of the disease also involve joint malfunctions and neurological or cardiac disorders. Lyme disease, in all its stages, may be successfully treated with antibiotics. The best results, however, are obtained in its early stages. In order to diagnose the disease, numerous medical or laboratory techniques have been developed. They are applied to confirm the presence of intact spirochaetes or spirochaete components such as DNA or proteins in tick vectors, reservoir hosts or patients. The methods used for the determination of LB biomarkers have also been reviewed. These biomarkers are formed during the lipid peroxidation process. The formation of peroxidation products generated by human organisms is directly associated with oxidative stress. Apart from aldehydes (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), many other unsaturated components such as isoprostenes and neuroprostane are obtained. The fast determination of these compounds in encephalic fluid, urine or plasma, especially in early stages of the disease, enables its treatment. Various analytical techniques which allow the determination of the aforementioned biomarkers have been reported. These include spectrophotometry as well as liquid and gas chromatography. The analytical procedure also requires the application of a derivatization step by the use of selected reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Olszowy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Boger MS, Bian A, Shintani A, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Erdem H, Mitchell V, Haas DW, Hulgan T. Sex differences in urinary biomarkers of vascular and endothelial function in HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther 2011; 17:485-93. [PMID: 22293574 DOI: 10.3851/imp1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can be underestimated in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Novel CVD risk markers in this population are needed. We hypothesized that eicosanoid metabolite production is increased with metabolic complications of ART. Our objective was to determine relationships between urine eicosanoids and traditional CVD risk factors in a cohort of HIV-infected persons receiving ART. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 107 individuals from a prospective cohort study with urine eicosanoids (isoprostane [15-F(2t)-IsoP], prostaglandin-E metabolite [PGE-M], thromboxane metabolite [11dTxB(2)], prostacyclin metabolite [PGI-M]) determined by gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS 15-F(2t)-IsoP was higher (P=0.003), 11dTxB(2) tended to be higher (P=0.07) and PGE-M was lower (P=0.003) in females than in males. The overall median Framingham score was 4 (IQR 1-7). In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, CD4(+) T-cells, smoking status, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, aspirin use and body mass index (BMI), associations included: higher 15-F(2t)-IsoP with female sex (P=0.004) and current smoking (P=0.04), lower PGE-M with female sex (P=0.005) and higher BMI (P=0.03), higher 11dTxB(2) with increasing age (P=0.02) and current smoking (P=0.04), lower 11dTxB(2) with higher BMI (P=0.02), and higher PGI-M with current smoking (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study of predominantly virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals on ART, there were sex-specific differences in urinary eicosanoids, with females having more risk-associated parameters despite a low Framingham score. Eicosanoids might be useful CVD biomarkers in ART-treated, HIV-infected patients. Future studies should examine eicosanoids while assessing effects of specific ART regimens and targeted interventions on CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Boger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.
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16
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Spickett CM, Wiswedel I, Siems W, Zarkovic K, Zarkovic N. Advances in methods for the determination of biologically relevant lipid peroxidation products. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1172-202. [PMID: 20836661 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.498476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is recognized to be an important contributor to many chronic diseases, especially those of an inflammatory pathology. In addition to their value as markers of oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation products have also been shown to have a wide variety of biological and cell signalling effects. In view of this, accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of lipid peroxidation products are essential. Although some assays have been described for many years, improvements in protocols are continually being reported and, with recent advances in instrumentation and technology, highly specialized and informative techniques are increasingly used. This article gives an overview of the most currently used methods and then addresses the recent advances in some specific approaches. The focus is on analysis of oxysterols, F(2)-isoprostanes and oxidized phospholipids by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry techniques and immunoassays for the detection of 4-hydroxynonenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M Spickett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Campbell PT, Gross MD, Potter JD, Schmitz KH, Duggan C, McTiernan A, Ulrich CM. Effect of exercise on oxidative stress: a 12-month randomized, controlled trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:1448-53. [PMID: 20139793 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181cfc908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of a yearlong exercise intervention on F2-isoprostane, a specific marker of lipid peroxidation and a general marker of oxidative stress. METHODS In a randomized, controlled trial, 173 overweight or obese, postmenopausal, sedentary women were randomized either to an aerobic exercise intervention (60%-75% observed maximal HR) for > or =45 min.d-1, 5 d.wk-1 (n = 87), or to a stretching control group (n = 86), on an intent-to-treat basis. Baseline and 12-month measures included urinary F2-isoprostane, maximal O2 uptake, body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and intra-abdominal fat surface area. Urine samples were available from 172 and 168 women at baseline and 12 months, respectively. RESULTS During the 12-month study, controls minimally changed maximal O2 uptake (+0.2%) and body weight (+0.1 kg), whereas exercisers increased maximal O2 uptake (+13.6%; P < 0.0001 vs controls) and decreased body weight (-1.3 kg; P = 0.007 vs controls). F2-isoprostane increased slightly among controls (+3.3%) and decreased in exercisers (-6.2%), although the effect was not statistically significant (P = 0.26). In planned subgroup analyses, F2-isoprostane decreased linearly with gain in maximal O2 uptake (Ptrend = 0.005) relative to controls; exercisers who increased maximal O2 uptake by >15% decreased F2-isoprostane by 14.1% (P = 0.005 vs controls). A borderline statistically significant trend was observed between decreased waist circumference and F2-isoprostane (P = 0.06). Similar subgroup analyses by 12-month changes in body fat percentage, weight, and intra-abdominal fat were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that aerobic exercise, when accompanied by relatively marked gains in aerobic fitness, decreases oxidative stress among previously sedentary older women and that these effects occur with minimal change in mass or body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Reeder BJ. The redox activity of hemoglobins: from physiologic functions to pathologic mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1087-123. [PMID: 20170402 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pentacoordinate respiratory hemoproteins such as hemoglobin and myoglobin have evolved to supply cells with oxygen. However, these respiratory heme proteins are also known to function as redox enzymes, reacting with compounds such as nitric oxide and peroxides. The recent discoveries of hexacoordinate hemoglobins in vertebrates and nonsymbiotic plants suggest that the redox activity of globins is inherent to the molecule. The uncontrolled formation of radical species resulting from such redox chemistry on respiratory hemoproteins can lead to oxidative damage and cellular toxicity. In this review, we examine the functions of various globins and the mechanisms by which these globins act as redox enzymes under physiologic conditions. Evidence that redox reactions also occur under disease conditions, leading to pathologic complications, also is examined, focusing on recent discoveries showing that the ferryl oxidation state of these hemoproteins is present in these disease states in vivo. In addition, we review the latest advances in the understanding of globin redox mechanisms and how they might affect cellular signaling pathways and how they might be controlled therapeutically or, in the case of hemoglobin-based blood substitutes, through rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Reeder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, England.
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Korecka M, Clark CM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM. Simultaneous HPLC-MS-MS quantification of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 8,12-iso-iPF(2alpha) in CSF and brain tissue samples with on-line cleanup. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2209-16. [PMID: 20643588 PMCID: PMC2975066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitation of isoprostanes such as 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 8,12-iso-iPF(2alpha)-VI in biological fluids has been proposed as a reliable test of oxidant stress and inflammation in a variety of disorders. This paper presents a liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry detection for the simultaneous analysis of these two isoprostanes in human CSF and brain tissue samples. An API 5000 triple quadrupole instrument (AB Sciex, Foster City, CA, USA) with an APCI ion source was used in this study. Aliquots of CSF samples (0.25mL) were treated with a methanol:zinc sulfate mixture followed by on-line cleanup on an extraction column (Validated-C(18)) with 0.1% formic acid. The brain tissue samples were homogenized and lipids were extracted using Folch solution. Solid-phase extraction columns (C(18)) were used for the purification of the brain isoprostane fraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an analytical column (Synergi C(18) HydroRP) with 0.1% formic acid in water and a mixture of methanol:acetonitrile under isocratic conditions. The mass spectrometer was operated in the MRM scan and negative ion mode. The quadrupoles were set to detect the molecular ions [M-H](-) and high mass fragments of isoprostanes: m/z 353-->193amu (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) and m/z 353-->115amu (8,12-iso-iPF(2alpha)-VI) and their deuterated internal standards: m/z 357-->197amu (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)-d(4)) and m/z 364-->115amu (8,12-iso-iPF(2alpha)-VI-d(11)). The lower limit of quantification was 2.5pg/mL for 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 5.0pg/mL for 8,12-iso-PF(2alpha)-VI for the CSF method and 10.0pg/0.1g of tissue and 30.0pg/0.1g of tissue for 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 8,12-iso-iPF(2alpha)-VI, respectively, for the brain tissue method. No ion suppression or enhancement of the detection of 8-isoPGF(2alpha), 8,12-isoPF(2alpha)-VI or both internal standards was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korecka
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher M. Clark
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Wu X, Cai H, Xiang YB, Cai Q, Yang G, Liu D, Sanchez S, Zheng W, Milne G, Shu XO. Intra-person variation of urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:947-52. [PMID: 20332256 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to many chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Urinary levels of F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs), 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F(2t)-IsoP (15-F(2t)-IsoP-M), a major metabolite of F(2)-IsoPs, prostaglandin E(2) metabolite (PGE-M), and leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)) have been proposed as biomarkers for oxidative stress and inflammation. However, little information is available regarding the intra-person variation of these biomarkers, hindering their application in epidemiologic studies. METHODS We evaluated the intra-person variation of these four urinary biomarkers among 48 randomly chosen participants of a validation study of a population-based cohort, the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Four spot urine samples, collected during each season over a 1-year period, were measured for these biomarkers. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients for F(2)-IsoPs, 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M, PGE-M, and LTE(4) were 0.69, 0.76, 0.67, and 0.64, respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficients, derived by using bootstrap analysis of single spot measurements and the average of the other three seasonal measurements, were 0.47, 0.60, 0.61, and 0.57 for F(2)-IsoPs, 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M, PGE-M, and LTE(4). Except for high correlations between F(2)-IsoPs and 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M (r = 0.65), the other biomarkers were moderately correlated (r = 0.21-0.44). CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that these four urinary biomarkers have relatively low intra-person variation over a 1-year period. IMPACT Spot measurements of F(2)-IsoPs, 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M, PGE-M, and LTE(4) could be useful as biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation status for epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
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21
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Monnier L, Colette C, Mas E, Michel F, Cristol JP, Boegner C, Owens DR. Regulation of oxidative stress by glycaemic control: evidence for an independent inhibitory effect of insulin therapy. Diabetologia 2010; 53:562-71. [PMID: 19890623 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We examined whether type of diabetes and/or insulin treatment can modulate the impact of sustained hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability as activators of oxidative stress. METHODS This was an observational study in 139 patients with diabetes, 48 with type 1, 60 with type 2 treated by oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) alone and 31 with type 2 treated with insulin plus OHAs. In addition, two groups of ten patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated either before and after introducing insulin treatment (add-on insulin group) or before and after add-on OHA therapy to metformin (add-on OHA group). Oxidative stress was estimated from 24 h urinary excretion rates of 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha). HbA(1c) was assessed and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) was estimated by continuous monitoring. RESULTS The 24 h excretion rate of 8-iso-PGF2alpha (median [range] picomoles per millimole of creatinine) was much higher (p < 0.0001) in type 2 diabetes patients treated with OHAs alone (112 [26-329]) than in the type 1 diabetes group (65 [29-193]) and the type 2 diabetes group treated with insulin (69 [30-198]). It was associated with HbA(1c) (F = 12.9, p = 0.0008) and MAGE (F = 7.7, p = 0.008) in non-insulin-treated, but not in insulin-treated patients. A significant reduction in 24 h excretion rate of 8-iso-PGF2alpha from 126 (47-248) to 62 (35-111] pmol/mmol of creatinine was observed in the add-on insulin group (p = 0.005) but not in the add-on OHA group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In type 1 and type 2 diabetes, insulin exerts an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress, a metabolic disorder that is significantly activated by sustained hyperglycaemia and glucose variability in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Monnier
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Atherogenesis, University Institute of Clinical Research, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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22
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Liu W, Morrow JD, Yin H. Quantification of F2-isoprostanes as a reliable index of oxidative stress in vivo using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1101-7. [PMID: 19647073 PMCID: PMC2749920 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Free radical-induced lipid peroxidation has been implicated in a number of human diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. F(2)-Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are isomers of prostaglandin PGF(2alpha) that are generated in vivo from the free radical-initiated peroxidation of arachidonic acid independent of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Since the discovery of the IsoPs in the early 1990s, a large body of evidence has been accumulated to indicate that quantification of these F(2)-IsoPs represents the most reliable biomarker to assess oxidative stress in vivo. A variety of analytical approaches have been developed for the quantification of these novel compounds; these methods include mass spectrometry (MS) detection coupled to gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) separation, and detection using immunological approaches. This article summarizes our current methodology to quantify F(2)-IsoPs in biological fluids and tissues using GC-MS. This method includes solid-phase extraction (SPE), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) purification, chemical derivatization, and MS detection using negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) coupled with GC. The protocol described herein has been optimized and validated to provide the best sensitivity and selectivity for quantification of F(2)-IsoPs from a variety of biological sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- Reprint requests to: Huiyong Yin, Ph.D., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 23rd and Pierce Aves., Nashville TN 37232-6602 U.S.A. Phone 615/322-6569, Fax 615/322-3669, (Huiyong Yin)
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23
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Schmitz KH, Warren M, Rundle AG, Williams NI, Gross MD, Kurzer MS. Exercise Effect on Oxidative Stress Is Independent of Change in Estrogen Metabolism. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:220-3. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yin H. New techniques to detect oxidative stress markers: mass spectrometry-based methods to detect isoprostanes as the gold standard for oxidative stress in vivo. Biofactors 2008; 34:109-24. [PMID: 19706977 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520340203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Free radical-induced lipid oxidation under oxidative stress has been implicated in a number of human diseases. Isoprostanes (IsoPs), isomers of prostaglandins, are one of the major classes of oxidation products derived from this oxidation process. Measurement of the levels of IsoPs by Mass Spectrometry-based methods has become the "gold standard" biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo. Significant advances have been made in understanding this important pathway of lipid peroxidation since the discovery of IsoP formation in vivo 18 years ago. Studies from our laboratory and others are discussed that have provided insights into the mechanism of formation. Furthermore, new independent studies have demonstrated that IsoPs are the most reliable available marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo, and recent work examining IsoP formation has provided valuable information about the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. Thus, the complexity of the IsoP pathway has expanded, providing novel insights into mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in vivo and allowing investigators to explore the role of oxidative stress in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA.
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25
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Milne GL, Sanchez SC, Musiek ES, Morrow JD. Quantification of F2-isoprostanes as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:221-6. [PMID: 17401357 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidant stress has been implicated in a wide variety of disease processes. One method to quantify oxidative injury is to measure lipid peroxidation. Quantification of a group of prostaglandin F(2alpha)-like compounds derived from the nonezymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid, termed the F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), provides an accurate assessment of oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. In fact, in a recent independent study sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), F2-IsoPs were shown to be the most reliable index of in vivo oxidant stress when compared against other well known biomarkers. This protocol details our laboratory's method to quantify F2-IsoPs in biological fluids and tissues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This procedure can be completed for 12-15 samples in 6-8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-6602, USA
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26
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. HY, . ESM, . JDM. Quantification of Isoprostanes as an Index of Oxidative Stress: A Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2006.469.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Milne GL, Musiek ES, Morrow JD. F2-isoprostanes as markers of oxidative stress in vivo: an overview. Biomarkers 2006; 10 Suppl 1:S10-23. [PMID: 16298907 DOI: 10.1080/13547500500216546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The isoprostanes are a unique series of prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo via a non-enzymatic mechanism involving the free radical-initiated peroxidation of arachidonic acid. This article summarizes selected aspects regarding current knowledge of these compounds and their value as markers of oxidative injury. Novel aspects related to the biochemistry of isoprostane formation are discussed and methods by which these compounds can be analysed and quantified are summarized. A considerable portion of this article examines the utility of F(2)-isoprostanes as markers of oxidant injury in vivo. Numerous studies carried out over the past decade have shown that these compounds are extremely accurate measures of lipid peroxidation and have illuminated the role of oxidant injury in a number of human diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger L Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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Davies SS, Zackert W, Luo Y, Cunningham CC, Frisard M, Roberts LJ. Quantification of dinor, dihydro metabolites of F2-isoprostanes in urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2005; 348:185-91. [PMID: 16309621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) are a series of prostaglandin (PG)-F2-like compounds that are produced by free-radical-mediated oxidation of arachidonic acid. One F2-IsoP with potent biological activity is 15-F2t-IsoP and increased levels of 15-F(2t)-IsoP have been measured in several diseases. The major urinary metabolite of 15-F2t-IsoP (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) is 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP (15-F2t-IsoP-M). Previously, we developed a stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (MS) assay for 15-F2t-IsoP-M, which, while highly sensitive, required time-consuming derivatization and thin-layer chromatography purification. We now report the development of a more rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to analyze all of the dinor,dihydro metabolites of the F2-IsoP isomers (F2-IsoP-M). The precision of this assay was +/-5.0% and the accuracy 80%. The assay remained linear over a range of 1-100 ng injected onto the LC column. Levels of F2-IsoP-M determined by the LC/MS/MS assay method significantly correlated with levels of 15-F2t-IsoP-M determined by the GC/MS assay (R = 0.77y = 67.2x-0.5). The levels of F2-IsoP-M detected in spot urines from 40 normal subjects were 38.1+/-19.1 ng/mg creatinine (mean+/-SD). This method provides an accurate and rapid assay to assess oxidative status in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 27232, USA.
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Musiek ES, Yin H, Milne GL, Morrow JD. Recent advances in the biochemistry and clinical relevance of the isoprostane pathway. Lipids 2005; 40:987-94. [PMID: 16382569 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Isoprostanes (IsoPs), lipid peroxidation products formed via the free radical-mediated oxidation of arachidonic acid, have become the "gold standard" biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo over the past 15 yr. Significant advances have been made in understanding this important pathway of lipid peroxidation. Recent studies from our laboratory are discussed that have provided insights into the mechanism of formation and regioisomeric distribution of these compounds and that have identified novel products of the IsoP pathway such as cyclized dioxolane IsoPs, IsoP-derived racemic prostaglandins, and reactive cyclopentenone IsoP, the latter of which possess potent biological actions. Furthermore, new independent studies have demonstrated that IsoPs are the most reliable available marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo, and recent work examining IsoP formation has provided valuable information about the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. Thus, the complexity of the IsoP pathway has expanded, providing novel insights into mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in vivo and allowing investigators to explore the role of oxidative stress in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA
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30
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Berdeaux O, Scruel O, Durand T, Cracowski JL. Les isoprostanes, biomarqueurs de peroxydation lipidique chez l'homme. Partie 2 : méthodes de quantification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 53:356-63. [PMID: 16004948 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The isoprostanes are a new class of natural products produced in vivo by a non-enzymatic free-radical-induced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The quantification of these compounds represents a reliable and useful index of lipid peroxidation and oxidant stress in vivo. Then, a large amount of works has been done in the field of isoprostane analysis, but till now, no standardized method seems to emerge. Indeed, described methodologies differ either in the sample preparation steps or in the detection techniques or both. Extraction and purification procedures are often critical and time-consuming, requiring successive chromatographic steps and these procedures lead to a substantial loose of target compounds. Moreover, two main analytical approaches have been adopted for IsoP measurement: immunological methods or mass spectrometry. Some discussion about the methodology used for measurement of isoprostane is important. This review will aim to present and compare different methods developed nowadays for extraction, purification and analysis of F(2)-iPs in various biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Berdeaux
- Unité de nutrition lipidique, Inra, 17, rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
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31
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Nourooz-Zadeh J, Cooper MB, Ziegler D, Betteridge DJ. Urinary 8-epi-PGF2α and its endogenous β-oxidation products (2,3-dinor and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro) as biomarkers of total body oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:731-6. [PMID: 15809058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although measurements of plasma F2-isoprostanes are established markers of oxidative stress, their quantification only reflects acute non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. In this study, a new approach is described for the rapid isolation and measurement of urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha and its endogenous beta-oxidation metabolites (2,3-dinor-8-epi-PGF2alpha and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-PGF2alpha) for use as index of total body oxidative stress. Isoprostanes were partitioned with ethyl acetate and subsequently purified by chromatography on an aminopropyl (NH2) and silica (Si) cartridge. Final analysis of F2-isoprostanes as trimethylsilyl-ester/pentafluorobenzyl ester derivatives was carried out by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Overall recovery of F2-isoprostanes was 80+/-4%. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 5% and 7%, respectively. In a group of healthy humans, the mean excretion rates expressed as nmol/mmol creatinine for 2,3-dinor-8-epi-PGF2alpha, 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-epi-PGF2alpha, and 8-epi-PGF2alpha were 5.43+/-1.93, 2.16+/-0.71, and 0.36+/-0.16, respectively. Correlations were obtained between 8-epi-PGF2alpha and 2,3-dinor-8-epi-PGF2alpha or 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-epi-PGF2alpha (r=0.998 and r=0.937, respectively). A strong relationship was also seen between 2,3-dinor-8-epi-PGF2 and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-epi-PGF2alpha (r=0.949). The new technique allows for high sample throughput and avoids the need for HPLC and/or other expensive equipment required for the initial sample preparation. Simultaneous analysis of urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha and its metabolites should provide unique tool in clinical trials exploring the role of oxidant injury in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nourooz-Zadeh
- Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Robbins IM, Morrow JD, Christman BW. Oxidant stress but not thromboxane decreases with epoprostenol therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 38:568-74. [PMID: 15683712 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epoprostenol has improved the outcome of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH); however, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Isoprostanes are easily measured markers of oxidant stress and can activate platelets leading to increased thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production. We hypothesized that oxidant stress is associated with increased TxA2 synthesis and that epoprostenol decreases oxidant stress and TxA2 production in patients with PPH. Morning urine samples were obtained from 19 patients with PPH. We measured urinary metabolites of the isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF2alpha (F2-IsoP-M), and of TxA2 (Tx-M) before and after treatment with epoprostenol in patients with PPH. Mean (+/-SE) levels of F2-IsoP-M were elevated at baseline in our patients, 863 +/- 97 pg/mg creatinine. During treatment with epoprostenol, values decreased to 636 +/- 77 pg/mg creatinine (P = 0.011), and there was a strong correlation between the change in F2-IsoP-M and follow-up pulmonary vascular resistance (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.001). Tx-M levels were markedly elevated at baseline and were unchanged with therapy. These results indicate that oxidant stress decreases with epoprostenol therapy and is associated with hemodynamic and clinical improvement. The failure of Tx-M to decrease with therapy suggests that epoprostenol does not exert a beneficial effect through inhibition of TxA2 production in patients with PPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Robbins
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue S., T-1217 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
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33
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Il'yasova D, Morrow JD, Ivanova A, Wagenknecht LE. Epidemiological marker for oxidant status: comparison of the ELISA and the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assay for urine 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-isoprostane. Ann Epidemiol 2005; 14:793-7. [PMID: 15519902 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A biomarker of oxidant status applicable to epidemiological research is essential to studying the relationship between free radicals and chronic disease risk. Gas chromatography with mass-spectrometry detection (GC/MS) is the gold standard for measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes (F2-isoPs), a non-invasive marker of oxidant status. However, this method is laborious and costly, which prohibits its use in large epidemiological studies. METHODS We compared GC/MS assay with an inexpensive quick enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in measurements of 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-isoprostane (F2-isoPM), an abundant beta-oxidation metabolite of 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2alpha. We measured F2-isoPM in urine of 52 participants of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study by both methods. RESULTS The ELISA measurements showed approximately 30-fold greater mean and median (22.10, SD 12.92, and 18.49 ng/mg creatinine) than the GC/MS measurements (0.703, SD 0.468, and 0.597 ng/mg creatinine). We found low linear correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.70) and weak agreement in ranking subjects by tertiles (weighted Kappa statistic 0.34) between a GC/MS and ELISA. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the current ELISA method is not a valid substitute for the GS/MS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Departments of Cancer Biology and Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Schwedhelm E, Böger RH. Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of isoprostanes: their role in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004; 41:1552-61. [PMID: 14708879 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in the Western hemisphere. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer, neurodegenerative conditions and CVD. Lipid peroxidation is one of the oxidative modifications possible in biological systems. The isoprostanes are derivatives of one specific lipid, i.e., arachidonic acid, after lipid peroxidation. Several isoprostanes have been identified in biological tissues and fluids, among them 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha, 8-epi-PGF2alpha, iPF2alpha-III, 15-F2t-IsoP) and its metabolite, 2,3-dinor-4,5-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2alpha. The isoprostanes are reliable in vivo markers of lipid peroxidation in humans: they are endogenously formed, characteristic in structure, ubiquitous in nature, stable in- and ex vivo and reliably quantitatable. In this Review, different analytical approaches will be discussed including immunologic, chromatographic and spectrometric techniques with the main emphasis on mass spectrometry. Analysis of isoprostanes applying radio immunoassay (RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), high performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-tandem MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-tandem MS will be exemplified in the field of cardiovascular research. Results from several clinical studies are included indicating the validity of isoprostanes as surrogate parameters of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzard Schwedhelm
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
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Widlansky ME, Price DT, Gokce N, Eberhardt RT, Duffy SJ, Holbrook M, Maxwell C, Palmisano J, Keaney JF, Morrow JD, Vita JA. Short- and long-term COX-2 inhibition reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertension. Hypertension 2003; 42:310-5. [PMID: 12874094 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000084603.93510.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction that is attributable to oxidative stress and a proinflammatory state. Under these conditions, enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 might lead to increased production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids and reactive oxygen species that reduce the bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. To investigate the contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 activity to endothelial dysfunction in human hypertension, we evaluated brachial artery vasodilator function by ultrasound in 29 hypertensive patients before and after treatment with the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib or placebo in a randomized, double-blind study. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation improved from a baseline of 7.9+/-4.5% to 9.9+/-5.1% (P=0.005) 3 hours after the first dose and to 10.1+/-6.1% (P=0.006) after 1 week of treatment with celecoxib. In contrast, placebo treatment had no significant effect on flow-mediated dilation (8.1+/-4.4%, 8.3+/-3.5%, and 8.0+/-3.2%, respectively). Neither treatment altered nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, extent of reactive hyperemia, or baseline arterial diameter. Celecoxib treatment had no significant effect on the urinary concentrations of F2 isoprostane or thromboxane metabolites. However, urinary concentrations of the prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostglandin F1alpha were significantly lower after 1 week of celecoxib treatment. Thus, cyclooxygenase-2 products contribute to endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, and treatment with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor could have a beneficial effect in this setting. However, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition also has an adverse effect on prostacyclin production that could promote thrombosis, and the net clinical consequences of improved endothelial function versus loss of prostacyclin merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Widlansky
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
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Morrow JD, Roberts LJ. The isoprostanes: their role as an index of oxidant stress status in human pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:S25-30. [PMID: 12471085 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2206011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoprostanes are a unique series of prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo from the free radical-initiated peroxidation of arachidonic acid independent of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. This article summarizes selected aspects regarding our current knowledge of these compounds and what are considered avenues for future research. Novel aspects related to the biochemistry of isoprostane formation are discussed first, followed by a summary of methods by which these compounds are analyzed. A considerable portion of this article deals with the utility of measuring isoprostanes as markers of oxidant injury in vitro and in vivo, particularly in pulmonary diseases. Studies performed over the past decade have shown that these compounds are extremely accurate measures of lipid peroxidation in animals and humans and have illuminated the role of oxidant injury in a number of human diseases, including those related to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.
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Montine TJ, Quinn JF, Milatovic D, Silbert LC, Dang T, Sanchez S, Terry E, Roberts LJ, Kaye JA, Morrow JD. Peripheral F2-isoprostanes and F4-neuroprostanes are not increased in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2002; 52:175-9. [PMID: 12210787 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative biomarkers of oxidative damage, such as the F(2)-isoprostanes (IsoPs) and F(4)-neuroprostanes (F(4)-NeuroPs), may be useful in assessing progression and response to therapeutics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. F(2)-IsoPs and F(4)-NeuroPs are reproducibly increased in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients; however, results in blood and urine have been conflicting. We tested the hypothesis that F(2)-IsoPs and F(4)-NeuroPs in plasma or urine quantitatively reflect oxidative damage to the central nervous system. Our results showed that urine levels of F(2)-IsoPs or their major metabolite were not significantly different between 56 Alzheimer's disease patients and 34 controls. In addition, urine and cerebrospinal fluid F(2)-IsoP levels in 32 Alzheimer's disease patients did not correlate. Supporting these conclusions, elevated rat cerebral F(2)-IsoPs and F(4)-NeuroPs after systemic exposure to kainic acid were not associated with a significant change in their plasma or urine levels. These results show that plasma and urine F(2)-IsoPs and F(4)-NeuroPs do not accurately reflect central nervous system levels of these biomarkers and are not reproducibly elevated in body fluids outside of central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease patients. These results should guide the organization of clinical trials now being planned for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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38
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:443-453. [PMID: 11948851 DOI: 10.1002/jms.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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