1
|
Jaber FA, Nasr S, Al-Sayed HMA, Al-Otaibi AM, Mohamed HS, Hamdy HM, Abdelnour SA, Fouad W. Effect of dietary supplementation of macadamia oil on the growth, immune function, physio-biochemical components and thyroid activity of growing rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38956882 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The current research aimed to assess the effects of dietary macadamia oil (MO) on carcass traits, growth performance, physio-biochemical components, immune function, thyroid hormones and inflammation markers of growing rabbits. A total of 96 growing rabbits were randomly distributed into four treatments, with 24 rabbits in each group. The rabbits were fed a basal diet (control group) or a diet supplemented with MO at 0.5 (MO0.5), 1 (MO1.0) and 2 (MO2.0) mL/kg of diet for eight weeks. The daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio showed a quadratic improvement with increasing levels of MO, and the optimal dose was 1.25 mL/kg of diet. Increasing levels of MO also had a quadratic effect on hepatic and renal functions. Dose-response curves revealed that the optimal doses of MO were 1.50, 1.75 and 1.25 mL/kg of diet for total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and creatinine respectively. A quadratic relationship was observed between the increased levels of MO and tumour necrosis factor-α (p = 0.038), interleukin-6 (p = 0.014) and immunoglobulins (p = 0.016 and IgM p = 0.026). Additionally, a linear relationship was observed between the increment in MO levels and both nitric oxide (p = 0.040) and interleukin-4 (p = 0.001). The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a linear increase with increasing dietary MO content, while xanthine oxidase showed a linear decrease. Total antioxidant capacity showed quadratic improvement (p = 0.035) with the dietary treatment, with the optimal dose observed at 1.25 mL/kg of diet. The inclusion of MO in the diet had a linear effect on the activity of thyroxine (p = 0.001). Therefore, supplementation of MO at a dose of 1 or 1.5 mL/kg of diet in growing rabbits' diets can improve growth and carcass traits, sustain thyroid function by supporting immunity, and reduce oxidative/inflammation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Nasr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M A Al-Sayed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara M Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan S Mohamed
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Haggag M Hamdy
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walid Fouad
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wan Y, Wang F, Zou B, Shen Y, Li Y, Zhang A, Fu G. Molecular mechanism underlying the ability of caffeic acid to decrease uric acid levels in hyperuricemia rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
3
|
Yang Q, Wang Q, Deng W, Sun C, Wei Q, Adu-Frimpong M, Shi J, Yu J, Xu X. Anti-hyperuricemic and anti-gouty arthritis activities of polysaccharide purified from Lonicera japonica in model rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:801-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
4
|
Bolognesi A, Bortolotti M, Battelli MG, Polito L. Hyperuricaemia, Xanthine Oxidoreductase and Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from Plants: The Contributions of Fiorenzo Stirpe to Frontline Research. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020206. [PMID: 28134797 PMCID: PMC6155646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymes called ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) that are able to depurinate nucleic acids and arrest vital cellular functions, including protein synthesis, are still a frontline research field, mostly because of their promising medical applications. The contributions of Stirpe to the development of these studies has been one of the most relevant. After a short biographical introduction, an overview is offered of the main results obtained by his investigations during last 55 years on his main research lines: hyperuricaemia, xanthine oxidoreductase and RIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pathophysiology of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase: New emerging roles for a multi-tasking enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1502-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
6
|
Ma L, Zhang S, Yuan Y, Gao J. Hypouricemic Actions of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Cordyceps militaris in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Mice. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:852-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
7
|
Li Z, Guan R, Liu H. A Sensitive Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Quantitative Determination of Milk Xanthine Oxidase Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmc.2013.31004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extracts reduce serum uric acid levels in oxonate-induced rats. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
9
|
Oral administration of insulin-like growth factor-I from colostral whey reduces blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:39-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of the insulin-like growth factor-I-rich fraction (IGF-I-RF) from bovine colostral whey on the regulation of blood glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. We obtained a peptide fraction containing IGF-I (10 ng/mg protein) from Holstein colostrum within 24 h after parturition by using ultrafiltration. The blood glucose levels of STZ-induced diabetic mice fed with IGF-I-RF (50 μg/kg per d) were significantly reduced by 11 and 33 % at weeks 2 and 4, respectively (P < 0·05). The body weights of STZ-induced diabetic mice increased following the oral administration of the IGF-I-RF. The kidney weights of STZ-induced diabetic mice decreased significantly (P < 0·05) following the administration of the IGF-I-RF, and the liver weights of STZ-induced diabetic mice decreased significantly (P < 0·05) following the administration of 50 μg/kg per d of the IGF-I-RF. The present results indicate that the IGF-I-RF obtained from Holstein colostrum could be a useful component for an alternative therapeutic modality for the treatment of diabetes in insulin-resistant patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang J, Wang S, Zhu M, Chen J, Zhu X. Effects of Genistein, Apigenin, Quercetin, Rutin and Astilbin on serum uric acid levels and xanthine oxidase activities in normal and hyperuricemic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1943-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Samra ZQ, Sana A, Bano S, Farooq M, Dar N, Athar MA. Immunobiochemical analysis of Paraoxonase1 (anti-oxidant), xanthine oxidase (oxidant) enzymes and lipid profile of cardiac disease patients in Lahore Metropolitan, Pakistan. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 24:348-56. [PMID: 20872571 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the major cause of death. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is known as free radicals scavenger/anti-atherosclerosis, whereas xanthine oxidase (XO) is a free radicals generator. This study was undertaken to determine and compare the Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of PON1 enzyme and activity of XO enzyme. The concentration of XO and PON1 enzymes along with lipid profile, lipid peroxides, and thiol level in plasma of cardiac patients (n=200) and healthy persons (n=200) of Lahore metropolitan, Pakistan was also determined. Anti-PON1 and anti-XO antibodies were developed, purified, and used to measure the concentration of PON1 and XO by competitive ELISA. It is observed that low paraoxonase (P=0.0073)/arylesterase activity (P=0.0038) of PON1 enzyme and its low concentration (P=0.0049) were observed in cardiac patients, whereas elevated level of XO activity (P=0.0129) and its concentration (P=0.0097) was observed in cardiac patients as compared with healthy persons. Low levels of HDL (P=0.0013), thiol (P=0.0014) and high level of cholesterol (P=0.0025), triglycerides (P=0.0018), LPO (P=0.0014), and LDL level (P=0.05) were observed in cardiac patients admitted in intensive care unit as compared with hypertensive patients and control subjects. It is concluded that overall low PON1 and high XO activities do cause imbalance of free radical system which ultimately leads to or enhance the cardiac pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Qadir Samra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cooper N, Khosravan R, Erdmann C, Fiene J, Lee JW. Quantification of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in human serum by HPLC for pharmacodynamic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 837:1-10. [PMID: 16631418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of uric acid (UA), xanthine (X) and hypoxanthine (HX) concentrations in human serum to support pharmacodynamic (PD) studies of a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor during its clinical development. Serum proteins were removed by ultrafiltration. The hydrophilic analytes and the I.S. were eluted by 100% aqueous phosphate buffer mobile phase. The hydrophobic matrix components (late peaks) were eluted with a step gradient of a higher organic mobile phase. Validation on linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, stability, and robustness of the method for PD biomarkers (UA, X, and HX) was carried out in a similar manner to that for pharmacokinetic (PK) data where applicable. Issues of selectivity for endogenous biomarker analytes and individual concentration variations were addressed during method validation. Standards were prepared in analyte-free phosphate buffer. Quality control samples were prepared in control serum from individuals not dosed with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The method was simple and robust with good accuracy and precision for the measurement of serum UA, X, and HX concentrations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Garattini E, Mendel R, Romão MJ, Wright R, Terao M. Mammalian molybdo-flavoenzymes, an expanding family of proteins: structure, genetics, regulation, function and pathophysiology. Biochem J 2003; 372:15-32. [PMID: 12578558 PMCID: PMC1223366 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2003] [Revised: 02/04/2003] [Accepted: 02/10/2003] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molybdo-flavoenzymes are structurally related proteins that require a molybdopterin cofactor and FAD for their catalytic activity. In mammals, four enzymes are known: xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase and two recently described mouse proteins known as aldehyde oxidase homologue 1 and aldehyde oxidase homologue 2. The present review article summarizes current knowledge on the structure, enzymology, genetics, regulation and pathophysiology of mammalian molybdo-flavoenzymes. Molybdo-flavoenzymes are structurally complex oxidoreductases with an equally complex mechanism of catalysis. Our knowledge has greatly increased due to the recent crystallization of two xanthine oxidoreductases and the determination of the amino acid sequences of many members of the family. The evolution of molybdo-flavoenzymes can now be traced, given the availability of the structures of the corresponding genes in many organisms. The genes coding for molybdo-flavoenzymes are expressed in a cell-specific fashion and are controlled by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. The recent cloning of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor has increased our knowledge on the assembly of the apo-forms of molybdo-flavoproteins into the corresponding holo-forms. Xanthine oxidoreductase is the key enzyme in the catabolism of purines, although recent data suggest that the physiological function of this enzyme is more complex than previously assumed. The enzyme has been implicated in such diverse pathological situations as organ ischaemia, inflammation and infection. At present, very little is known about the pathophysiological relevance of aldehyde oxidase, aldehyde oxidase homologue 1 and aldehyde oxidase homologue 2, which do not as yet have an accepted endogenous substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a complex molybdoflavoenzyme, present in milk and many other tissues, which has been studied for over 100 years. While it is generally recognized as a key enzyme in purine catabolism, its structural complexity and specialized tissue distribution suggest other functions that have never been fully identified. The publication, just over 20 years ago, of a hypothesis implicating XOR in ischemia-reperfusion injury focused research attention on the enzyme and its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since that time a great deal more information has been obtained concerning the tissue distribution, structure, and enzymology of XOR, particularly the human enzyme. XOR is subject to both pre- and post-translational control by a range of mechanisms in response to hormones, cytokines, and oxygen tension. Of special interest has been the finding that XOR can catalyze the reduction of nitrates and nitrites to nitric oxide (NO), acting as a source of both NO and peroxynitrite. The concept of a widely distributed and highly regulated enzyme capable of generating both ROS and NO is intriguing in both physiological and pathological contexts. The details of these recent findings, their pathophysiological implications, and the requirements for future research are addressed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Harrison
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Battelli MG, Musiani S, Valgimigli M, Gramantieri L, Tomassoni F, Bolondi L, Stirpe F. Serum xanthine oxidase in human liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:1194-9. [PMID: 11316169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High concentrations of serum xanthine oxidase (XO) have been reported during human liver disease and hepatocyte injury in experimental settings. However, it is unclear whether this elevation reflects hepatocyte necrosis or has a different meaning. METHODS The serum level of XO in 64 patients with chronic liver disease (17 patients with cirrhosis, 30 with chronic hepatitis, and 17 with cholestatic disorders) and in 12 control subjects was determined by a competitive ELISA. Conventional serum markers of liver damage were assessed in all patients, and grading and staging were scored in the chronic hepatitis group according to Knodell. RESULTS The XO serum levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. The differences were also significant when controls were compared to patients with chronic hepatitis and cholestatic disorders separately, but not when compared to the cirrhosis group. Patients with cholestatic disorders had XO values higher than those of patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. XO levels did not correlate with stage and grade in chronic hepatitis group. We found a weak but significant positive correlation in patients between XO serum level and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r = 0.37). This correlation was stronger when chronic hepatitis (r = 0.42) and, especially cholestatic disorders (r = 0.71), were separately tested, but was absent in the cirrhosis group. The XO values positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase in patients with cholestatic disorders. A level of serum XO >32 microg/ml specifically identified cholestatic disorders in our study population. CONCLUSIONS A marked elevation of serum XO in patients with chronic liver disease seems to reflect the presence of cholestasis. No correlation between XO levels and histological or serum evidence of hepatocyte necrosis was found in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Battelli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martí R, Varela E, Pascual C, Segura RM. Determination of xanthine oxidoreductase forms: influence of reaction conditions. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 303:117-25. [PMID: 11163031 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been implicated in ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and increases in this enzyme have been found in plasma of patients with different illnesses. The catalytic concentrations of the XOR forms found in plasma, using various reaction conditions, greatly differ in the related literature. We studied the effect of the assay conditions on the xanthine oxidation rate catalysed by the XOR forms. Our results demonstrate inhibition of XOR by the reaction products and a time-dependent decrease in the reaction rates of XOR forms. Substrate consumption and inhibition by the products did not account for this decrease. Determination at 60 min incubation leads to catalytic concentrations up to 80% lower for the XOR forms than those obtained at 10 min. We conclude that elimination of the reaction products (NADH, H(2)O(2) and O(2)) from the reaction mixture, and short incubation times, are necessary for accurate measurement of the XOR activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Martí
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|