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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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2
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Helmchen G. Mechanistic Aspects of the Crabtree-Pfaltz Hydrogenation of Olefins - An Interplay of Experimentation and Quantum Chemical Computation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301488. [PMID: 37363889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of Crabtree's iridium-based hydrogenation catalyst in 1977 marked a paradigm shift both with respect to the role of iridium in homogeneous catalysis as well as catalytic hydrogenation of olefins. In 1998, Pfaltz introduced an improved catalyst, by use of BARF- as anion, and established the first chiral variant of the Crabtree catalyst. This led to numerous practical highly enantioselective syntheses. Elucidation of mechanistic details posed great problems because of instability of the crucial intermediates. A remarkable breakthrough was achieved by Brandt, Andersson et al. in 2003, based on dft calculations. These authors replaced a previously assumed IrI /IrIII catalytic cycle by a novel IrIII /IrV cycle. The proposal was experimentally verified by Pfaltz in 2014 and corroborated by advanced quantum chemical calculations. This essay is an attempt to describe a fascinating interplay of experiments and quantum chemical calculations for an important synthetic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Helmchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Bondar O, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S, Reineri F. Effect of the hydrogenation solvent in the PHIP-SAH hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tickner BJ, Zhivonitko VV. Advancing homogeneous catalysis for parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarisation and its NMR applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4670-4696. [PMID: 35655870 PMCID: PMC9067625 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) is a nuclear spin hyperpolarisation technique employed to enhance NMR signals for a wide range of molecules. This is achieved by exploiting the chemical reactions of parahydrogen (para-H2), the spin-0 isomer of H2. These reactions break the molecular symmetry of para-H2 in a way that can produce dramatically enhanced NMR signals for reaction products, and are usually catalysed by a transition metal complex. In this review, we discuss recent advances in novel homogeneous catalysts that can produce hyperpolarised products upon reaction with para-H2. We also discuss hyperpolarisation attained in reversible reactions (termed signal amplification by reversible exchange, SABRE) and focus on catalyst developments in recent years that have allowed hyperpolarisation of a wider range of target molecules. In particular, recent examples of novel ruthenium catalysts for trans and geminal hydrogenation, metal-free catalysts, iridium sulfoxide-containing SABRE systems, and cobalt complexes for PHIP and SABRE are reviewed. Advances in this catalysis have expanded the types of molecules amenable to hyperpolarisation using PHIP and SABRE, and their applications in NMR reaction monitoring, mechanistic elucidation, biomedical imaging, and many other areas, are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
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Lücke MP, Yao S, Driess M. Boosting homogeneous chemoselective hydrogenation of olefins mediated by a bis(silylenyl)terphenyl-nickel(0) pre-catalyst. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2909-2915. [PMID: 34164057 PMCID: PMC8179395 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolable chelating bis(N-heterocyclic silylenyl)-substituted terphenyl ligand [SiII(Terp)SiII] as well as its bis(phosphine) analogue [PIII(Terp)PIII] have been synthesised and fully characterised. Their reaction with Ni(cod)2 (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene) affords the corresponding 16 VE nickel(0) complexes with an intramolecular η 2-arene coordination of Ni, [E(Terp)E]Ni(η 2-arene) (E = PIII, SiII; arene = phenylene spacer). Due to a strong cooperativity of the Si and Ni sites in H2 activation and H atom transfer, [SiII(Terp)SiII]Ni(η 2-arene) mediates very effectively and chemoselectively the homogeneously catalysed hydrogenation of olefins bearing functional groups at 1 bar H2 pressure and room temperature; in contrast, the bis(phosphine) analogous complex shows only poor activity. Catalytic and stoichiometric experiments revealed the important role of the η2-coordination of the Ni(0) site by the intramolecular phenylene with respect to the hydrogenation activity of [SiII(Terp)SiII]Ni(η 2-arene). The mechanism has been established by kinetic measurements, including kinetic isotope effect (KIE) and Hammet-plot correlation. With this system, the currently highest performance of a homogeneous nickel-based hydrogenation catalyst of olefins (TON = 9800, TOF = 6800 h-1) could be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel-Philip Lücke
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 D-10623 Berlin Germany
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Burueva DB, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Garcon A, Picazo‐Frutos R, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Budker D. Chemical Reaction Monitoring using Zero‐Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Study of Heterogeneous Samples in Metal Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - Román Picazo‐Frutos
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
- University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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7
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Burueva DB, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Garcon A, Picazo‐Frutos R, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Budker D. Chemical Reaction Monitoring using Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Study of Heterogeneous Samples in Metal Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17026-17032. [PMID: 32510813 PMCID: PMC7540358 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that heterogeneous/biphasic chemical reactions can be monitored with high spectroscopic resolution using zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This is possible because magnetic susceptibility broadening is negligible at ultralow magnetic fields. We show the two-step hydrogenation of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with para-enriched hydrogen gas in conventional glass NMR tubes, as well as in a titanium tube. The low frequency zero-field NMR signals ensure that there is no significant signal attenuation arising from shielding by the electrically conductive sample container. This method paves the way for in situ monitoring of reactions in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems and in reactors made of conductive materials while maintaining resolution and chemical specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - Román Picazo‐Frutos
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
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8
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Rosales M, Molina K, Arrieta F, Fernández D, Baricelli PJ. Kinetics and mechanisms of homogeneous catalytic reactions. Part 16. Regioselective hydrogenation of quinoline catalyzed by dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II). MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Decker D, Drexler HJ, Heller D, Beweries T. Homogeneous catalytic transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes – an overview of hydrogen sources, catalysts and reaction mechanisms. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes with E- or Z-stereoselectivity is among the most important transformations in the synthesis of highly functional organic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Decker
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | | | - Detlef Heller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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10
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Itoda M, Naganawa Y, Ito M, Nonaka H, Sando S. Structural exploration of rhodium catalysts and their kinetic studies for efficient parahydrogen-induced polarization by side arm hydrogenation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18183-18190. [PMID: 35515260 PMCID: PMC9064692 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New rhodium catalysts for parahydrogen-induced polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Itoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Yuki Naganawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
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11
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Tokmic K, Greer RB, Zhu L, Fout AR. 13C NMR Signal Enhancement Using Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization Mediated by a Cobalt Hydrogenation Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14844-14850. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Tokmic
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rianna B. Greer
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R. Fout
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Yang G, Bauer TJ, Haller GL, Baráth E. H-Transfer reactions of internal alkenes with tertiary amines as H-donors on carbon supported noble metals. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1172-1177. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydride transfer reaction with tertiary amines was observed in the presence of noble metals on a carbon support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Yang
- Technische Universität München
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Garching bei München
- Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
| | - Thomas J. Bauer
- Technische Universität München
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Gary L. Haller
- Technische Universität München
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Garching bei München
- Germany
- Yale University
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Technische Universität München
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Garching bei München
- Germany
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13
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Ribeiro MC, Corrêa RS, Barbosa MI, Delolo FG, Ellena J, Bogado AL, Batista AA. Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of halides/pseudohalides and their complexes containing ruthenium II in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Cavallari E, Carrera C, Reineri F. ParaHydrogen Hyperpolarized Substrates for Molecular Imaging Studies. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cavallari
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
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15
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Causero A, Elsen H, Ballmann G, Escalona A, Harder S. Calcium stilbene complexes: structures and dual reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10386-10389. [PMID: 28876007 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05792j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of a calcium hydride complex to diphenylacetylene gave a complex in which the stilbene dianion symmetrically bridges two Ca2+ions. With H2, this complex reacts as a double Brønsted base. In reaction with I2it provides two electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Causero
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Ana Escalona
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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17
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Suganthy PK, Prabhu RN, Sridevi VS. Synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes bearing N,N,O pincer type benzoylhydrazone ligands. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Asatryan R, Ruckenstein E. Dihydrogen Catalysis: A Remarkable Avenue in the Reactivity of Molecular Hydrogen. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2014.953356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Lin TP, Peters JC. Boryl–Metal Bonds Facilitate Cobalt/Nickel-Catalyzed Olefin Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13672-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Pin Lin
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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20
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Reineri F, Aime S, Gobetto R, Nervi C. Role of the reaction intermediates in determining PHIP (parahydrogen induced polarization) effect in the hydrogenation of acetylene dicarboxylic acid with the complex [Rh (dppb)]+ (dppb: 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane). J Chem Phys 2014; 140:094307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4867269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Asatryan R, Ruckenstein E. Mechanism of Iron Carbonyl-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ethylene. 1. Theoretical Exploration of Molecular Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10912-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubik Asatryan
- Department of Chemical
and
Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eli Ruckenstein
- Department of Chemical
and
Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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22
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O WWN, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Factors Favoring Efficient Bifunctional Catalysis. Study of a Ruthenium(II) Hydrogenation Catalyst Containing an N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Primary Amine Donor. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300108p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wylie W. N. O
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
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23
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O WWN, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Mechanistic Investigation of the Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex Featuring an N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Tethered Primary Amine Donor: Evidence for an Inner Sphere Mechanism. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101152m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wylie W. N. O
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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25
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Palladium-catalyzed reduction of alkynes employing HSiEt3: stereoselective synthesis of trans- and cis-alkenes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jiménez S, López JA, Ciriano MA, Tejel C, Martínez A, Sánchez-Delgado RA. Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde and Other α,β-Unsaturated Substrates Catalyzed by Rhodium and Ruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900223p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - José A. López
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Miguel A. Ciriano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Alberto Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Roberto A. Sánchez-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
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27
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Beach N, Dharmasena U, Drouin S, Fogg D. Improved Syntheses of Versatile Ruthenium Hydridocarbonyl Catalysts Containing Electron-Rich Ancillary Ligands. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Rowley CN, Foucault HM, Woo TK, Fogg DE. Mechanism of Olefin Hydrogenation Catalyzed by RuHCl(L)(PR3)2 Complexes (L = CO, PR3): A DFT Study. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om7012698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. Rowley
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Heather M. Foucault
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tom K. Woo
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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29
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Martín-Matute B, Aberg JB, Edin M, Bäckvall JE. Racemization of Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Cyclopentadienylruthenium Complexes: Evidence for an Alkoxide Pathway by Fast β-Hydride Elimination–Readdition. Chemistry 2007; 13:6063-72. [PMID: 17516611 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The racemization of sec-alcohols catalyzed by pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl-ruthenium complex 3a has been investigated. The mechanism involves ruthenium-alkoxide intermediates: reaction of tert-butoxide ruthenium complex 4 with a series of sec-alcohols with different electronic properties gave ruthenium complexes bearing a secondary alkoxide as a ligand. The characterization of these alkoxide complexes by NMR spectroscopy together with a study of the reaction using in situ IR spectroscopy is consistent with a mechanism in which the alkoxide substitution step and the beta-hydride elimination step occur without CO dissociation. The alkoxide substitution reaction is proposed to begin with hydrogen bonding of the incoming alcohol to the active ruthenium-alkoxide intermediate. Subsequent alkoxide exchange can occur via two pathways: i) an associative pathway involving a eta3-CpRu intermediate; or ii) a dissociative pathway within the solvent cage. Racemization at room temperature of a 1:1 mixture of (S)-1-phenylethanol and (S)-1-phenyl-[D4]-ethanol gave only rac-1-phenylethanol, and rac-1-phenyl-[D4]-ethanol, providing strong support for a mechanism in which the substrate stays coordinated to the metal center throughout the racemization, and does not leave the coordination sphere. Furthermore, racemization of a sec-alcohol bearing a ketone moiety within the same molecule does not result in any reduction of the original ketone, which rules out a mechanism where the intermediate ketone is trapped within the solvent cage. These results are consistent with a mechanism where eta3-Ph(5)C(5)-ruthenium intermediates are involved. Competitive racemization on nondeuterated and alpha-deuterated alpha-phenylethanols was used to determine the kinetic isotope effect kH/kD for the ruthenium-catalyzed racemization. The kinetic isotope effect kH/kD for p- X-C(6)H(4)CH(OH)CH(3) was 1.08, 1.27 and 1.45 for X=OMe, H, and CF3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Martín-Matute
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Mori S, Vreven T, Morokuma K. Transition States of Binap–Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Theoretical Studies on the Origin of the Enantioselectivity. Chem Asian J 2006; 1:391-403. [PMID: 17441076 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
By using the hybrid IMOMM(B3LYP:MM3) method, we examined the binap-Rh(I)-catalyzed oxidative-addition and insertion steps of the asymmetric hydrogenation of the enamide 2-acetylamino-3-phenylacrylic acid. We report a path that is energetically more favorable for the major enantiomer than for the minor enantiomer. This path follows the "lock-and-key" motif and leads to the major enantiomeric product via an energetically favorable binap-dihydride-Rh(III)-enamide complex. Our theoretical results are consistent with the mechanism that takes place via Rh(III) dihydride formation, that is, oxidative addition of H2 followed by enamide insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Mori
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
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31
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Liu P, Lightstone JM, Patterson MJ, Rodriguez JA, Muckerman JT, White MG. Gas-phase Interaction of Thiophene with the Ti8C12+ and Ti8C12 Met-Car Clusters. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:7449-55. [PMID: 16599524 DOI: 10.1021/jp060340s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the Ti(8)C(12)(+) met-car cation toward thiophene was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and mass selective ion chemistry. It is shown that the experimentally observed mass spectrum can be well described by the DFT calculations. In contrast to the weak bonding interactions seen for thiophene on a TiC(001) surface, the Ti(8)C(12)(+) met-car cation is able to interact strongly with up to four thiophene molecules with the cluster staying intact. In the most stable conformation, the thiophene molecules bond to the four low-coordinated Ti(0) sites of Ti(8)C(12)(+) via a eta(5)-C,S coordination. The stability and the activity of the Ti(8)C(12)(+) met-car is observed to increase with an increasing number of attached thiophene molecules at the Ti(0) sites, which is associated with a significant transfer of electron density from thiophene to the cluster. The additional electron density on the Ti(8)C(12)(+) cation cluster, however, is not sufficient to cleave the C-S bonds of thiophene and the dissociation reaction of thiophene is predicted to be a highly activated process. By contrast, DFT calculations for the neutral Ti(8)C(12) met-car predict that the dissociation reaction leading to adsorbed S and C(4)H(4) fragments is energetically favorable for the first thiophene molecule. The binding behavior for subsequent addition of thiophene molecules to the neutral met-car is also presented and compared to that of the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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32
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Nishio R, Sugiura M, Kobayashi S. Semi-hydrogenation of alkynes using phosphinated polymer incarcerated (PI) palladium catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b517181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Hoorn JAA, Versteeg GF. Modeling of mass transfer in combination with a homogeneously catalyzed reaction. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Landaeta VR, Muñoz BK, Peruzzini M, Herrera V, Bianchini C, Sánchez-Delgado RA. Imine Hydrogenation by Tribenzylphosphine Rhodium and Iridium Complexes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om0504912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R. Landaeta
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Química, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Polo Scientifico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Bianca K. Muñoz
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Química, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Polo Scientifico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Maurizio Peruzzini
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Química, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Polo Scientifico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Verónica Herrera
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Química, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Polo Scientifico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Claudio Bianchini
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Química, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Polo Scientifico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Roberto A. Sánchez-Delgado
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Química, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Polo Scientifico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210
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35
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Lin ST, Siegel S. Addition of H2-D2 Mixtures to 2-Butyne and Norbornene Catalyzed by Solutions of Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I), Hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I), and Hydridotetrakis(5-phenyl-5-H-dibenzophosphole)rhodium(I). KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10975-005-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Scott K, Basov N, Jachuck R, Winterton N, Cooper A, Davies C. Reactor Studies of Supported Ionic Liquids. Chem Eng Res Des 2005. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd.04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Clapham SE, Hadzovic A, Morris RH. Mechanisms of the H2-hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of polar bonds catalyzed by ruthenium hydride complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1023] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Espino G, Jalón F, Maestro M, Manzano B, Pérez-Manrique M, Bacigalupe A. Synthesis and Structure of New (Polyphosphane)ruthenium Complexes with the Hemilabile Ligand 2-(Diphenylphosphanyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole− An Unexpected Rearrangement of [RuCl2(PN)(PPh3)2]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Flores R, Lopez-Castillo ZK, Kani I, Fackler, JP, Akgerman A. Kinetics of the Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using a Fluoroacrylate Copolymer Grafted Rhodium Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0303202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Flores
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, and Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
| | - Zulema K. Lopez-Castillo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, and Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
| | - Ibrahim Kani
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, and Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
| | - John P. Fackler,
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, and Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
| | - Aydin Akgerman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, and Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
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40
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Zhang J, Sun XZ, Poliakoff M, George MW. Study of the reaction of Rh(acac)(CO)2 with alkenes in polyethylene films under high-pressure hydrogen and the Rh-catalysed hydrogenation of alkenes. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Weitbrecht N, Kratzat M, Santoso S, Schomäcker R. Reaction kinetics of rhodium catalysed hydrogenations in micellar solutions. Catal Today 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(03)00070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Angulo IM, Bouwman E. Kinetics of the hydrogenation of 1-octene catalyzed by [Ni(o-MeO-dppp)(OAc)2]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Caravieilhes S, de Bellefon C, Tanchoux N. Dynamic methods and new reactors for liquid phase molecular catalysis. Catal Today 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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