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Morihara K, Ota S, Kakinuma K, Kawakami N, Higashiyama Y, Kanno S, Tanaka F, Suzuki K. Buccofacial apraxia in primary progressive aphasia. Cortex 2023; 158:61-70. [PMID: 36462386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Buccofacial apraxia (BFA) is associated with nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) as well as with the severity of apraxia of speech (AOS), a core symptom of nfvPPA. However, an association with agrammatism has not been established. The aim of this study was to examine the association between BFA and agrammatism in nfvPPA and to determine differences in atrophic regions in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) with and without BFA. Seventy-four patients with PPA were recruited, including 34, 15, 10, and 15 patients with nfvPPA, semantic variant PPA, logopenic variant PPA, and unclassified PPA, respectively. All patients underwent language examination and BFA evaluations. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to determine whether atrophy of a specific lesion correlated with the presence of BFA. BFA was observed in 20 and 3 patients with nfvPPA and unclassified PPA, respectively. In a comparison of patients with nfvPPA with and without BFA, the BFA group showed significantly worse spontaneous speech and writing in the Western Aphasia Battery. The agrammatism ratio or the ratio of agrammatic errors to the total number of particles was higher in the BFA group; however, the severity of prosodic and phonetic components of AOS did not differ between the two groups. VBM showed that the severity of BFA correlated with atrophy of the opercular and triangular areas of the inferior frontal gyrus to a part of the left middle frontal gyrus. BFA has a different anatomical basis from AOS in patients with nfvPPA and that BFA is characterized by more anterior degeneration compared to that of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Morihara
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shoko Ota
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kakinuma
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuko Kawakami
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Higashiyama
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kanno
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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The pantomime of mental rotation: Left-handers are less lateralized. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108385. [PMID: 36183801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The conceptualization of skilled hand movements (praxis) may be grounded in hemispherically specialized functions. However, a left-hemispherical advantage of (tool-use) pantomime gestures and a right-hemispherical advantage of spatial gestures may be more prominent in right-handed than left-handed individuals. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that right-handed but not left-handed individuals show a superiority of the left hemisphere (/right-hand preference) for the execution of pantomime (rotation of an object) gestures as well as a right-hemispherical superiority (/left-hand preference) for gestures that depict spatial information (/positioning of an object). METHODS 20 right- and 20 left-handed participants were asked in two experiments to demonstrate with their two hands how to move tachistoscopically (in the left (LVF) or right visual hemifields (RVF)) presented geometric objects of different rotations into an identical final position. Two independent blind raters evaluated the videotaped hand gestures employing the Neuropsychological Gesture (NEUROGES) Coding System. RESULTS In contrast to left-handed individuals, right-handed individuals present increased pantomime - rotation gestures with the right hand and pantomime - position gestures with the left hand during stimuli presentation in either visual field. Left-handers showed significantly increased left-hand pantomime - rotation gestures during stimulus presentation within the LVF (only). DISCUSSION Right-handed individuals increase their pantomime - rotation gestures with the right hand to depict motion but use their left hand for pantomime - position gestures to describe spatial relations of the objects. Left-handers do not show a clear lateralization of the right and left hand with regards to either handedness or hemispherically lateralized motor functions. The hemispherical lateralization of praxis functions is therefore more pronounced in right-handed than left-handed individuals.
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Joswig H, Surbeck W, Scholtes F, Bratelj D, Hildebrandt G. The debate on apraxia and the supplementary motor area in the twentieth century. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:1247-1255. [PMID: 32725365 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hand function and apraxia are equally relevant to neurosurgeons: as a symptom, as well as through the functional anatomy of "praxis" which underlies the dexterity needed for neurosurgical practice. The supplementary motor area is crucial for its understanding. Historically, Hugo Liepmann dominated the apraxia debate at the beginning of the twentieth century, a debate that has remained influential until today. Kurt Goldstein, a contemporary of Liepmann, is regularly mentioned as the first to have described the alien hand syndrome in 1909. Wilder Penfield was a key figure in exploring the role of the fronto-mesial cortex in human motor control and coined the term "supplementary motor area". It was Goldstein who not only contributed substantially to the apraxia debate more than 100 years ago; he also established the link between the dysfunction of the fronto-mesial cortex and abnormal higher motor control in humans.
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Emedoli D, Arosio M, Tettamanti A, Iannaccone S. Virtual Reality Augmented Feedback Rehabilitation Associated to Action Observation Therapy in Buccofacial Apraxia: Case Report. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2021; 14:1179547621994579. [PMID: 33642888 PMCID: PMC7890703 DOI: 10.1177/1179547621994579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Buccofacial Apraxia is defined as the inability to perform voluntary movements of the larynx, pharynx, mandible, tongue, lips and cheeks, while automatic or reflexive control of these structures is preserved. Buccofacial Apraxia frequently co-occurs with aphasia and apraxia of speech and it has been reported as almost exclusively resulting from a lesion of the left hemisphere. Recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of treating apraxia using motor training principles such as Augmented Feedback or Action Observation Therapy. In light of this, the study describes the treatment based on immersive Action Observation Therapy and Virtual Reality Augmented Feedback in a case of Buccofacial Apraxia. Participant and Methods: The participant is a right-handed 58-years-old male. He underwent a neurosurgery intervention of craniotomy and exeresis of infra axial expansive lesion in the frontoparietal convexity compatible with an atypical meningioma. Buccofacial Apraxia was diagnosed by a neurologist and evaluated by the Upper and Lower Face Apraxia Test. Buccofacial Apraxia was quantified also by a specific camera, with an appropriately developed software, able to detect the range of motion of automatic face movements and the range of the same movements on voluntary requests. In order to improve voluntary movements, the participant completed fifteen 1-hour rehabilitation sessions, composed of a 20-minutes immersive Action Observation Therapy followed by a 40-minutes Virtual Reality Augmented Feedback sessions, 5 days a week, for 3 consecutive weeks. Results: After treatment, participant achieved great improvements in quality and range of facial movements, performing most of the facial expressions (eg, kiss, smile, lateral angle of mouth displacement) without unsolicited movement. Furthermore, the Upper and Lower Face Apraxia Test showed an improvement of 118% for the Upper Face movements and of 200% for the Lower Face movements. Conclusion: Performing voluntary movement in a Virtual Reality environment with Augmented Feedbacks, in addition to Action Observation Therapy, improved performances of facial gestures and consolidate the activations by the central nervous system based on principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Emedoli
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arosio
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tettamanti
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Iannaccone
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Wang ZM, Shan Y, Zhang M, Wei PH, Li QG, Yin YY, Lu J. Projections of Brodmann Area 6 to the Pyramidal Tract in Humans: Quantifications Using High Angular Resolution Data. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:62. [PMID: 31616257 PMCID: PMC6775280 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate studies indicate that the pyramidal tract (PyT) could originate from Brodmann area (BA) 6. However, in humans, the accurate origin of PyT from BA 6 is still uncertain owing to difficulties in visualizing anatomical features such as the fanning shape at the corona radiata and multiple crossings at the semioval centrum. High angular-resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) could reliably replicate these anatomical features. We explored the origin of the human PyT from BA 6 using HARDI. With HARDI data of 30 adults from the Massachusetts General Hospital-Human Connectome Project (MGH-HCP) database and the HCP 1021 template (average of 1021 HCP diffusion data), we visualized the PyT at the 30-averaged group level and the 1021 large-sample level and validated the observations in each of the individuals. Endpoints of the fibers within each subregion were quantified. PyT fibers originating from the BA 6 were consistently visualized in all images. Specifically, the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsal premotor area (dPMA) were consistently found to contribute to the PyT. PyT fibers from BA 6 and those from BA 4 exhibited a twisting topology. The PyT contains fibers originating from the SMA and dPMA in BA 6. Infarction of these regions or aging would result in incomplete provision of information to the PyT and concomitant decreases in motor planning and coordination abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Hu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong-Ge Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Yan Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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McDowell T, Holmes NP, Sunderland A, Schürmann M. TMS over the supramarginal gyrus delays selection of appropriate grasp orientation during reaching and grasping tools for use. Cortex 2018; 103:117-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Króliczak G, Piper BJ, Frey SH. Specialization of the left supramarginal gyrus for hand-independent praxis representation is not related to hand dominance. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:501-512. [PMID: 27020138 PMCID: PMC5036996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Data from focal brain injury and functional neuroimaging studies implicate a distributed network of parieto-fronto-temporal areas in the human left cerebral hemisphere as playing distinct roles in the representation of meaningful actions (praxis). Because these data come primarily from right-handed individuals, the relationship between left cerebral specialization for praxis representation and hand dominance remains unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate the hypothesis that strongly left-handed (right hemisphere motor dominant) adults also exhibit this left cerebral specialization. Participants planned familiar actions for subsequent performance with the left or right hand in response to transitive (e.g., "pounding") or intransitive (e.g. "waving") action words. In linguistic control trials, cues denoted non-physical actions (e.g., "believing"). Action planning was associated with significant, exclusively left-lateralized and extensive increases of activity in the supramarginal gyrus (SMg), and more focal modulations in the left caudal middle temporal gyrus (cMTg). This activity was hand- and gesture-independent, i.e., unaffected by the hand involved in subsequent action performance, and the type of gesture (i.e., transitive or intransitive). Compared directly with right-handers, left-handers exhibited greater involvement of the right angular gyrus (ANg) and dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), which is indicative of a less asymmetric functional architecture for praxis representation. We therefore conclude that the organization of mechanisms involved in planning familiar actions is influenced by one's motor dominance. However, independent of hand dominance, the left SMg and cMTg are specialized for ideomotor transformations-the integration of conceptual knowledge and motor representations into meaningful actions. These findings support the view that higher-order praxis representation and lower-level motor dominance rely on dissociable mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Króliczak
- Institute of Psychology, Action & Cognition Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - Brian J Piper
- Neuroscience Program, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Scott H Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory; Brain Imaging Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Frenkel-Toledo S, Liebermann DG, Bentin S, Soroker N. Dysfunction of the Human Mirror Neuron System in Ideomotor Apraxia: Evidence from Mu Suppression. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:775-91. [PMID: 26942323 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Stroke patients with ideomotor apraxia (IMA) have difficulties controlling voluntary motor actions, as clearly seen when asked to imitate simple gestures performed by the examiner. Despite extensive research, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying failure to imitate gestures in IMA remain controversial. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between imitation failure in IMA and mirror neuron system (MNS) functioning. Mirror neurons were found to play a crucial role in movement imitation and in imitation-based motor learning. Their recruitment during movement observation and execution is signaled in EEG recordings by suppression of the lower (8-10 Hz) mu range. We examined the modulation of EEG in this range in stroke patients with left (n = 21) and right (n = 15) hemisphere damage during observation of video clips showing different manual movements. IMA severity was assessed by the DeRenzi standardized diagnostic test. Results showed that failure to imitate observed manual movements correlated with diminished mu suppression in patients with damage to the right inferior parietal lobule and in patients with damage to the right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis-areas where major components of the human MNS are assumed to reside. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping revealed a significant impact on imitation capacity for the left inferior and superior parietal lobules and the left post central gyrus. Both left and right hemisphere damages were associated with imitation failure typical of IMA, yet a clear demonstration of relationship to the MNS was obtained only in the right hemisphere damage group. Suppression of the 8-10 Hz range was stronger in central compared with occipital sites, pointing to a dominant implication of mu rather than alpha rhythms. However, the suppression correlated with De Renzi's apraxia test scores not only in central but also in occipital sites, suggesting a multifactorial mechanism for IMA, with a possible impact for deranged visual attention (alpha suppression) beyond the effect of MNS damage (mu suppression).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nachum Soroker
- Tel-Aviv University.,Loewenstein Hospital, Ra'anana, Israel
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Chang MC, Chun MH. Right lower limb apraxia in a patient with left supplementary motor area infarction: intactness of the corticospinal tract confirmed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:325-7. [PMID: 25883636 PMCID: PMC4392685 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported a 50-year-old female patient with left supplementary motor area infarction who presented right lower limb apraxia and investigated the possible causes using transcranial magnetic stimulation. The patient was able to walk and climb stairs spontaneously without any assistance at 3 weeks after onset. However, she was unable to intentionally move her right lower limb although she understood what she supposed to do. The motor evoked potential evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation from the right lower limb was within the normal range, indicating that the corticospinal tract innervating the right lower limb was uninjured. Thus, we thought that her motor dysfunction was not induced by motor weakness, and confirmed her symptoms as apraxia. In addition, these results also suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation is helpful for diagnosing apraxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Chun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mäki-Marttunen V, Villarreal M, Leiguarda RC. Lateralization of brain activity during motor planning of proximal and distal gestures. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:226-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE The lateralization of cognitive functions in crossed aphasia in dextrals (CAD) has been explored and compared mainly with cases of aphasia with left hemisphere damage. However, comparing the neuropsychological aspects of CAD and aphasia after right brain damage in left-handers (ARL) could potentially provide more insights into the effect of a shift in the laterality of handedness or language on other cognitive organization. Thus, this case study compared two cases of CAD and one case of ARL. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following neuropsychological measures were obtained from three aphasic patients with right brain damage (two cases of CAD and one case of ARL); language, oral and limb praxis, and nonverbal cognitive functions (visuospatial neglect and visuospatial construction). RESULTS All three patients showed impaired visuoconstructional abilities, whereas each patient showed a different level of performances for oral and limb praxis, and visuospatial neglect. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis of these three aphasic patients' performances, we highlighted the lateralization of language, handedness, oral and limb praxis, visuospatial neglect and visuospatial constructive ability in aphasic patients with right brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wan Ha
- Department of Speech Pathology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea
- The Geriatric Health Clinic and Research Institute (GHCRI), Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Bom Pyun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Hwang
- Department of English Language, Interpretation & Translation, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsub Sim
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Hertza J, Davis AS, Barisa M, Lemann ER. Atypical Sensory Alien Hand Syndrome: A Case Study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2012; 19:71-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09084282.2011.643950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hertza
- a Department of Behavioral Medicine , Walton Rehabilitation Hospital , Augusta , Georgia
| | - Andrew S. Davis
- b Educational Psychology , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana
| | - Mark Barisa
- c Department of Neuropsychology, Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation , Dallas , Texas
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Gallivan JP, McLean A, Culham JC. Neuroimaging reveals enhanced activation in a reach-selective brain area for objects located within participants’ typical hand workspaces. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3710-21. [PMID: 21958649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vingerhoets G, Acke F, Alderweireldt AS, Nys J, Vandemaele P, Achten E. Cerebral lateralization of praxis in right- and left-handedness: same pattern, different strength. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 33:763-77. [PMID: 21500314 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of hand effector and handedness on the cerebral lateralization of pantomiming learned movements. Fourteen right-handed and 14 left-handed volunteers performed unimanual and bimanual tool-use pantomimes with their dominant or nondominant hand during fMRI. A left hemispheric lateralization was observed in the right- and left-handed group regardless of which hand(s) performed the task. Asymmetry was most marked in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), premotor cortex (PMC), and superior and inferior parietal lobules (SPL and IPL). Unimanual pantomimes did not reveal any significant differences in asymmetric cerebral activation patterns between left- and right-handers. Bimanual pantomimes showed increased left premotor and posterior parietal activation in left- and right-handers. Lateralization indices (LI) of the 10% most active voxels in DLPFC, PMC, SPL, and IPL were calculated for each individual in a contrast that compared all tool versus all control conditions. Left-handers showed a significantly reduced overall LI compared with right-handers. This was mainly due to diminished asymmetry in the IPL and SPL. We conclude that the recollection and pantomiming of learned gestures recruits a similar left lateralized activation pattern in right and left-handed individuals. Handedness only influences the strength (not the side) of the lateralization, with left-handers showing a reduced degree of asymmetry that is most readily observed over the posterior parietal region. Together with similar findings in language and visual processing, these results point to a lesser hemispheric specialization in left-handers that may be considered in the cost/benefit assessment to explain the disproportionate handedness polymorphism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Vingerhoets
- Laboratory for Neuropsychology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Ipsilateral neglect for non-verbal stimuli following left brain damage. Cortex 2011; 47:899-901. [PMID: 21333286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brazzelli M, Sara SD. Physiotherapy and neuropsychology: An interaction that could ease the remedy of brain disease. Physiother Theory Pract 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09593989709036470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Braun CMJ, Daigneault R, Gaudelet S, Guimond A. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition symptoms of mania: which one(s) result(s) more often from right than left hemisphere lesions? Compr Psychiatry 2008; 49:441-59. [PMID: 18702930 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously published single case reports of patients with a unilateral lesion were assembled. After the lesion, each of the 244 cases presented at least one of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) symptoms of a manic episode, namely, elated or irritable mood, grandiosity, talkativeness, flight of ideas, hyperhedonism, reduced need for sleep, agitation, or distractibility (all optional in DSM-IV). As expected, the subgroup of 59 manic patients had a right hemisphere lesion far more often than a left one. However, this was also true of various sets of the nonmanic cases. Furthermore, elation was not the symptom most strongly associated with lesion side. Elation without mania was not significantly predicted by lesion side. However, talkativeness was strongly predicted by right lesion side whether in manic or nonmanic patients or even when the symptom was the only symptom observed. Agitation was consistently and robustly associated with right lesion side, but not completely distinctly so (it fell short of significance when not accompanied by elation or other symptoms). It is proposed that prevalence of right hemisphere lesions causing mania is primarily related to mental and behavioral disinhibition rather than a shift of mood and that it consists of release of left hemisphere influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude M J Braun
- Centre de Neurosciences de la Cognition and Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8.
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Frey SH. Tool use, communicative gesture and cerebral asymmetries in the modern human brain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:1951-7. [PMID: 18292060 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the brain adaptations that underlie complex tool-use skills is an important component in understanding the physiological bases of human material culture. It is argued here that the ways in which humans skilfully use tools and other manipulable artefacts is possible owing to adaptations that integrate sensory-motor and cognitive processes. Data from brain-injured patients and functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the left cerebral hemisphere, particularly the left parietal cortex, of modern humans is specialized for this purpose. This brain area integrates dynamically representations that are computed in a distributed network of regions, several of which are also left-lateralized. Depending on the nature of the task, these may include conceptual knowledge about objects and their functions, the actor's goals and intentions, and interpretations of task demands. The result is the formation of a praxis representation that is appropriate for the prevailing task context. Recent evidence is presented that this network is organized similarly in the right- and left-handed individuals, and participates in the representation of both familiar tool-use skills and communicative gestures. This shared brain mechanism may reflect common origins of the human specializations for complex tool use and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Frey
- Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5288, USA.
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Frey SH. Tool use, communicative gesture and cerebral asymmetries in the modern human brain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008. [PMID: 18292060 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0008.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the brain adaptations that underlie complex tool-use skills is an important component in understanding the physiological bases of human material culture. It is argued here that the ways in which humans skilfully use tools and other manipulable artefacts is possible owing to adaptations that integrate sensory-motor and cognitive processes. Data from brain-injured patients and functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the left cerebral hemisphere, particularly the left parietal cortex, of modern humans is specialized for this purpose. This brain area integrates dynamically representations that are computed in a distributed network of regions, several of which are also left-lateralized. Depending on the nature of the task, these may include conceptual knowledge about objects and their functions, the actor's goals and intentions, and interpretations of task demands. The result is the formation of a praxis representation that is appropriate for the prevailing task context. Recent evidence is presented that this network is organized similarly in the right- and left-handed individuals, and participates in the representation of both familiar tool-use skills and communicative gestures. This shared brain mechanism may reflect common origins of the human specializations for complex tool use and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Frey
- Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5288, USA.
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Petreska B, Adriani M, Blanke O, Billard AG. Apraxia: a review. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2007; 164:61-83. [PMID: 17920426 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(07)64004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Praxic functions are frequently altered following brain lesion, giving rise to apraxia - a complex pattern of impairments that is difficult to assess or interpret. In this chapter, we review the current taxonomies of apraxia and related cognitive and neuropsychological models. We also address the questions of the neuroanatomical correlates of apraxia, the relation between apraxia and aphasia and the analysis of apraxic errors. We provide a possible explanation for the difficulties encountered in investigating apraxia and also several approaches to overcome them, such as systematic investigation and modeling studies. Finally, we argue for a multidisciplinary approach. For example, apraxia should be studied in consideration with and could contribute to other fields such as normal motor control, neuroimaging and neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Petreska
- Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory (LASA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-I2S-LASA, Station 9, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ihori N, Murayama J, Mimura M, Miyazawa Y, Kawamura M. Right unilateral jargonagraphia as a symptom of callosal disconnection. Cortex 2006; 42:28-37. [PMID: 16509106 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a right-handed patient who exhibited right unilateral jargonagraphia after a traumatic callosal hemorrhage. The lesions involved the entire corpus callosum, except for the lower part of the genu and the splenium. The patient's right unilateral jargonagraphia was characterized by neologisms and perseveration in kanji and kana, and was more prominent in kana than kanji. The jargonagraphia was similar to that observed in crossed aphasia, except that agraphia occurred only with the right hand. The patient also showed right unilateral tactile anomia and right tactile alexia, along with right-ear extinction on a dichotic listening test for verbal stimuli, which suggested that language function was lateralized to the right hemisphere. Since this patient had learned to write with his right hand, kinesthetic images of characters were thought to be formed and stored dominantly in the left hemisphere. We suggest that the callosal lesions disturbed the interhemispheric transfer of information for the dual-route procedures for writing in the right hemisphere, allowing the kinesthetic images of characters stored in the left hemisphere to be processed freely, resulting in the right unilateral jargonagraphia. At least two factors seem to explain that kana was more defective than kanji. First, writing in kana, which is assumed to be processed mainly via a sub-word phoneme to grapheme conversion route, might depend more strongly on lateralized linguistic processing than writing in kanji. Second, kanji, which represent meaning as well as phonology, with much more complicated graphic patterns than kana, are assumed to be processed in both hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Ihori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki Cooperative Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
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Gonzalez CLR, Ganel T, Goodale MA. Hemispheric specialization for the visual control of action is independent of handedness. J Neurophysiol 2006; 95:3496-501. [PMID: 16495359 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01187.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that visually guided action is independent of visual perception has been supported by neurological, neuropsychological, and behavioral studies. In healthy subjects, evidence for this distinction has come from psychophysical studies of the effects of visual illusions on perceptual judgments and object-directed grasping. This evidence is limited, however, by the fact that virtually all studies have involved right-handed subjects using their dominant hand, which is presumably controlled by the left hemisphere. There is tentative evidence from earlier neurological studies that the left hemisphere may in fact play a special role in the integration of visual and motor information during grasping. We designed two experiments to test this idea. The first experiment involved pictorial illusions, which are known to have robust effects on perceptual judgments but little influence on grasping. Right- and left-handed subjects reached out and grasped objects embedded in two different visual illusions with either their dominant or their nondominant hand. For both right- and left-handed subjects, precision grasping with the left hand, but not with the right, was affected by the illusions. In a follow-up experiment, we examined precision grasping in a more natural setting and showed that left-handed subjects use their nondominant (right) hand significantly more as compared with right-handed subjects. We conclude that visuomotor mechanisms encapsulated in the left hemisphere play a crucial role in the visual control of action and that this hemispheric specialization evolved independently of handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L R Gonzalez
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group on Action and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5C2, Canada.
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Della Sala S, Maistrello B, Motto C, Spinnler H. A new account of face apraxia based on a longitudinal study. Neuropsychologia 2006; 44:1159-65. [PMID: 16321408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of face apraxia which accounts also for the role of right hemisphere lesions. Thirty-one patients with left hemisphere (L/pts) and 31 patients with right hemisphere (R/pts) lesions entered a cross-sectional study to identify those presenting with either lower or upper face apraxia. The 16L/pts and 8R/pts who presented with face apraxia in the acute stage and could be retested 4 months later, were followed up longitudinally. The degree of recovery did not differ between the two groups of patients. The traditional hypothesis of face apraxia based on the presence of a left-sided praxis centre could not account for these findings. A new trade-off model of face praxis resources distributed across the two hemispheres is presented. This model, based on individual differences in the healthy brain, accounts for the presence and persistence of face apraxia in a proportion of R/pts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Della Sala
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience--Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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Johnson-Frey SH, Newman-Norlund R, Grafton ST. A distributed left hemisphere network active during planning of everyday tool use skills. Cereb Cortex 2005; 15:681-95. [PMID: 15342430 PMCID: PMC1364509 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhh169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the relationship between mechanisms involved in action planning and/or execution is critical to understanding the neural bases of skilled behaviors, including tool use. Here we report findings from two fMRI studies of healthy, right-handed adults in which an event-related design was used to distinguish regions involved in planning (i.e. identifying, retrieving and preparing actions associated with a familiar tools' uses) versus executing tool use gestures with the dominant right (experiment 1) and non-dominant left (experiment 2) hands. For either limb, planning tool use actions activates a distributed network in the left cerebral hemisphere consisting of: (i) posterior superior temporal sulcus, along with proximal regions of the middle and superior temporal gyri; (ii) inferior frontal and ventral premotor cortices; (iii) two distinct parietal areas, one located in the anterior supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and another in posterior SMG and angular gyrus; and (iv) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC). With the exception of left DLFPC, adjacent and partially overlapping sub-regions of left parietal, frontal and temporal cortex are also engaged during action execution. We suggest that this left lateralized network constitutes a neural substrate for the interaction of semantic and motoric representations upon which meaningful skills depend.
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Wheaton LA, Nolte G, Bohlhalter S, Fridman E, Hallett M. Synchronization of parietal and premotor areas during preparation and execution of praxis hand movements. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:1382-90. [PMID: 15978500 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine temporal patterns of functional connectivity between the parietal, premotor, and motor cortices during preparation and execution of praxis hand movements. METHODS Normal subjects were instructed to perform six transitive (tool use) and intransitive (communicative gesture) self-paced pantomimes with the right hand while recording 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) from right thumb and forearm flexors. Focusing on corticocortical coherence, we explored the time-course of synchronously active parietal and premotor circuits involved in these motor tasks. Trials were marked for EMG onset and averaged across subjects to determine changes in coherence relative to baseline between parietal, premotor, and motor areas. RESULTS Coherence of homologous electrode pairs was similar when comparing transitive and intransitive movements. During preparation, beta band (18-22 Hz) coherence was maximal between electrodes over the left parietal lobe and left premotor electrodes. Additionally during preparation, the premotor area showed high coherence to the motor hand area and the parietal cortex. Electrodes over the supplementary motor area also showed coherence to the motor and parietal, but not the premotor area. Before and during execution, a second peak of high coherence increase was present in each area that demonstrated coherence increases during preparation. There was no coherence increase between parietal and motor areas. Coherence rapidly diminished 1.5-2.0 s after movement onset. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of increased corticocortical coupling within a parietal, premotor, and motor network are present during preparation and execution of praxis movements. SIGNIFICANCE This study adds to evidence that parietofrontal networks may be critical for integrating preparatory and motor-related activity for praxis movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Wheaton
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5N226, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD 20892-1428, USA
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Marchetti C, Carey D, Della Sala S. Crossed right hemisphere syndrome following left thalamic stroke. J Neurol 2005; 252:403-11. [PMID: 15778815 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-005-0656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In most right-handed people, language and motor functions are more reliant on systems of the left hemisphere while several non-linguistic visuo-spatial and attentional processes depend more on the right hemisphere. The rare exceptions to these rules provide important clues as to what functions co-lateralise, and are thus crucial for models of cerebral specialization. Here we report on the case of a patient, who, after a lesion restricted to the left thalamic region, showed signs normally associated with right hemispheric injury including motor impersistence, visuo-spatial dysfunction and poor comprehension of facial expression. Language abilities were spared and no signs of apraxia were present, in spite of his right hand, foot and eye preference, a pattern normally associated with conventional cerebral dominance. In spite of his other right hemispheric signs, the patient showed no signs of hemi-spatial neglect. The patient's pattern of spared and impaired abilities is compared and contrasted with other rare cases of crossed right hemisphere syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Marchetti
- Department of Neurology Neuropsychology Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS Rehabilitation Institute of Veruno (NO), Italy
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Frey SH, Funnell MG, Gerry VE, Gazzaniga MS. A Dissociation between the Representation of Tool-use Skills and Hand Dominance: Insights from Left- and Right-handed Callosotomy Patients. J Cogn Neurosci 2005; 17:262-72. [PMID: 15811238 DOI: 10.1162/0898929053124974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of evidence indicates that the left cerebral hemisphere of right-handed humans is dominant both for manual control and the representation of acquired skills, including tool use. It is, however, unclear whether these functions involve common or dissociable mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the disconnected left hemispheres of both right- and left-handed split-brain patients are specialized for representing acquired tool-use skills. When required to pantomime actions associated with familiar tools (Experiment 2), both patients show a right-hand (left hemisphere) advantage in response to tool names, pictures, and actual objects. Accuracy decreases as stimuli become increasingly symbolic when using the left hand (right hemisphere). Tested in isolation with lateralized pictures (Experiment 3), each patient's left hemisphere demonstrates a significant advantage over the right hemisphere for pantomiming tool-use actions with the contralateral hand. The fact that this asymmetry occurs even in a left-handed patient suggests that the left hemisphere specialization for representing praxis skills can be dissociated from mechanisms involved in hand dominance located in the right hemisphere. This effect is not attributable to differences at the conceptual level, as the left and right hemispheres are equally and highly competent at associating tools with observed pantomimes (Experiment 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Frey
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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Viggiano MP, Costantini A, Vannucci M, Righi S. Hemispheric asymmetry for spatially filtered stimuli belonging to different semantic categories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 20:519-24. [PMID: 15268928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hemispheric specialization for processing visual stimuli as a function of spatial-frequency content and semantic category was investigated. Spatially filtered pictures of animals and tools were displayed to both hemifields at nine levels of spatial-frequency filtering following a coarse-to-fine design. Results showed a differential hemispheric specialization in relation to the semantic category of stimuli. Animals might be identified at low spatial frequencies (coarse information) in a similar extent in both hemifield conditions, while a hemispheric dissociation was found for tools (the increasing of levels of high-spatial frequency information was especially needed when such stimuli were presented to the left visual field /right hemisphere (RH) relative to that for right visual field/left hemisphere presentations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Viggiano
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via San Niccolò 93, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
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Abstract
The present study reports on the first case of crossed apraxia of speech (CAS) in a 69-year-old right-handed female (SE). The possibility of occurrence of apraxia of speech (AOS) following right hemisphere lesion is discussed in the context of known occurrences of ideomotor apraxias and acquired neurogenic stuttering in several cases with right hemisphere lesion. A current hypothesis on AOS-the dual route speech encoding (DRSE) hypothesis-and predictions based on DRSE were utilized to explore the nature of CAS in SE. One prediction based on the DRSE hypothesis is that there should be no difference in the frequency of occurrence of apraxic errors on words and non-words. This prediction was tested using a repetition task. The experimental stimuli included a list of minimal pairs that signaled voice-voiceless contrasts in words and non-words. Minimal-pair stimuli were presented orally, one at a time. SE's responses were recorded using audio and videotapes. Results indicate that SE's responses were characterized by numerous voicing errors. Most importantly, production of real word minimal pairs was superior to that of non-word minimal pairs. Implications of these results for the DRSE hypothesis are discussed with regard to currently developing perspectives on AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Balasubramanian
- Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
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Peigneux P, Van der Linden M, Garraux G, Laureys S, Degueldre C, Aerts J, Del Fiore G, Moonen G, Luxen A, Salmon E. Imaging a cognitive model of apraxia: the neural substrate of gesture-specific cognitive processes. Hum Brain Mapp 2004; 21:119-42. [PMID: 14755833 PMCID: PMC6872064 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to ascertain the neuroanatomical basis of an influential neuropsychological model for upper limb apraxia [Rothi LJ, et al. The Neuropsychology of Action. 1997. Hove, UK: Psychology Press]. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in healthy volunteers using H2 15O PET during performance of four tasks commonly used for testing upper limb apraxia, i.e., pantomime of familiar gestures on verbal command, imitation of familiar gestures, imitation of novel gestures, and an action-semantic task that consisted in matching objects for functional use. We also re-analysed data from a previous PET study in which we investigated the neural basis of the visual analysis of gestures. First, we found that two sets of discrete brain areas are predominantly engaged in the imitation of familiar and novel gestures, respectively. Segregated brain activation for novel gesture imitation concur with neuropsychological reports to support the hypothesis that knowledge about the organization of the human body mediates the transition from visual perception to motor execution when imitating novel gestures [Goldenberg Neuropsychologia 1995;33:63-72]. Second, conjunction analyses revealed distinctive neural bases for most of the gesture-specific cognitive processes proposed in this cognitive model of upper limb apraxia. However, a functional analysis of brain imaging data suggested that one single memory store may be used for "to-be-perceived" and "to-be-produced" gestural representations, departing from Rothi et al.'s proposal. Based on the above considerations, we suggest and discuss a revised model for upper limb apraxia that might best account for both brain imaging findings and neuropsychological dissociations reported in the apraxia literature.
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Bartha L, Mariën P, Poewe W, Benke T. Linguistic and neuropsychological deficits in crossed conduction aphasia. Report of three cases. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2004; 88:83-95. [PMID: 14698734 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the linguistic and neuropsychological findings in three right-handed patients with crossed conduction aphasia. Despite the location of the lesion in the right hemisphere, all patients displayed a combination of linguistic deficits typically found in conduction aphasia following analogous damage to the left hemisphere. Associated cognitive deficits varied across the three patients. In addition, all cases showed deficits classically attributed to non-dominant hemisphere damage (visuoperceptual deficits and reduced figural memory). As a result, lesion-behaviour relationships in our study sample indicate both dominant and non-dominant qualities of the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha
- Universitaetsklinik fuer Neurologie, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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Della Sala S, Francescani A, Spinnler H. Gait apraxia after bilateral supplementary motor area lesion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:77-85. [PMID: 11784830 PMCID: PMC1737704 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed at addressing the issue of the precise nature of gait apraxia and the cerebral dysfunction responsible for it. METHODS The case of a patient, affected by a bilateral infarction limited to a portion of the anterior cerebral artery territory is reported. The patient's ability to walk was formally assessed by means of a new standardised test. RESULTS Due to an anomaly within the anterior cerebral artery system, the patient's lesion was centred on the supplementary motor regions of both hemispheres. He presented with clear signs of gait apraxia that could not be accounted for by paresis or other neurological deficits. No signs of any other form of apraxia were detected. CONCLUSIONS The clinical profile of the patient and the analysis of 49 cases from previous literature suggest that gait apraxia should be considered a clinical entity in its own right and lesions to the supplementary motor areas are responsible for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Della Sala
- Neuropsychology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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34
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Cubelli R, Marchetti C, Boscolo G, Della Sala S. Cognition in action: testing a model of limb apraxia. Brain Cogn 2000; 44:144-65. [PMID: 11041987 DOI: 10.1006/brcg.2000.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of limb apraxia is still suffering from Liepmann's legacy and performance in gesture-processing tests is generally rendered by classifying patients' profile according to the classic clinical labels of ideomotor and ideational apraxia. At odds with other cognitive functions, interpretation of apraxia has suffered from a lack of a reliable model which does justice to its complexity. Recently such a model has been proposed (Rothi et al., 1991, 1997). In this article a modified version of this model is presented and predictions are made according to its functional architecture. Five different patterns of impairment of gesture processing are postulated. To validate the predicted performance profiles, 19 left-hemisphere-damaged patients were assessed by means of an ad hoc battery of four praxis tests. Four of the five predicted apraxia patterns were observed, the fifth being more equivocal. These results support the need to overcome the simplistic dichotomous view of apraxia and confirm the fruitfulness of a model of normal gesture processing in order to understand dissociations in apraxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cubelli
- Dipartimento della Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Universita' di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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35
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Bizzozero I, Costato D, Sala SD, Papagno C, Spinnler H, Venneri A. Upper and lower face apraxia: role of the right hemisphere. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 11):2213-30. [PMID: 11050022 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.11.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate face apraxia in left- and right-hemisphere-damaged patients both in the acute and chronic stage of their disease. Two newly devised tests that assess movements of the upper and lower face districts were employed. On the whole, the proportion of left-hemisphere-damaged patients showing face apraxia were 46 and 68% for upper and lower face, respectively. A substantial proportion of right-hemisphere-damaged patients also showed face apraxia, i.e. 44% upper face and 38% lower face. Concomitant variables such as general severity, locus of lesion, language or visuo-spatial impairments, presence of neglect, interval from stroke, peculiarity of clusters of items or scoring procedures did not account for these results. These findings suggest that face apraxia in some patients may affect movements of the upper face district and that the right hemisphere plays a significant part in both upper and lower face praxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bizzozero
- Third Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milan, S. Paolo Hospital, Milan, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universita' di Palermo, Italy
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36
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Abstract
This paper elaborates the function of corpus callosum in the brain model that contains encoding and modulating axons: the former encode data as presynaptic axonal 'on-off' patterns, and the latter help the former convert data into long-term memory through the development of long-term potentiation and depression. It is hypothesized that callosal axons transfer data codes as interhemispheric memory. Bisection of corpus callosum cuts off interhemispheric data transfer and results in strange-hand syndrome, decreased attention and difficulties in acquiring new interdependent bimanual skills. While uniting two hemispheres for a unitary consciousness, corpus callosum contributes to two similar sets of integrated abstract memory, one in each hemisphere. Therefore, it takes bilateral cerebral lesions to manifest a failure of converting short-term memory into long-term memory. The asymmetric callosal data transfer may correlate with cerebral laterality where a cerebral function, such as language, is conducted mainly in one hemisphere for the benefit of less interhemispheric data-traffic. Complete lateralization of a cerebral function is the rare occasion when the specialized neuron groups (modules) for that function all reside in one hemisphere. It is possible that many cerebral functions including language are incompletely lateralized, and corpus callosum links the non-lateralized modules with the lateralized ones. The more the cerebral lateralization, the fewer the non-lateralized modules to be linked, and the smaller the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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37
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Leiguarda RC, Marsden CD. Limb apraxias: higher-order disorders of sensorimotor integration. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 5):860-79. [PMID: 10775533 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.5.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb apraxia comprises a wide spectrum of higher-order motor disorders that result from acquired brain disease affecting the performance of skilled, learned movements. At present, limb apraxia is primarily classified by the nature of the errors made by the patient and the pathways through which these errors are elicited, based on a two-system model for the organization of action: a conceptual system and a production system. Dysfunction of the former would cause ideational (or conceptual) apraxia, whereas impairment of the latter would induce ideomotor and limb-kinetic apraxia. Currently, it is possible to approach several types of limb apraxia within the framework of our knowledge of the modular organization of the brain. Multiple parallel parietofrontal circuits, devoted to specific sensorimotor transformations, have been described in monkeys: visual and somatosensory transformations for reaching; transformation of information about the location of body parts necessary for the control of movements; somatosensory transformation for posture; visual transformation for grasping; and internal representation of actions. Evidence from anatomical and functional brain imaging studies suggests that the organization of the cortical motor system in humans is based on the same principles. Imitation of postures and movements also seems to be subserved by dedicated neural systems, according to the content of the gesture (meaningful versus meaningless) to be imitated. Damage to these systems would produce different types of ideomotor and limb-kinetic praxic deficits depending on the context in which the movement is performed and the cognitive demands of the action. On the other hand, ideational (or conceptual) apraxia would reflect an inability to select and use objects due to the disruption of normal integration between systems subserving the functional knowledge of actions and those involved in object knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Leiguarda
- Raúl Carrea Institute of Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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