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Adnan A, Behjati S, Félez-Guerrero N, Ojha K, Koper MTM. Tracking the surface structure and the influence of cations and anions on the double-layer region of a Au(111) electrode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21419-21428. [PMID: 39086202 PMCID: PMC11323936 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
We examined the electric double-layer (EDL) of a Au(111) electrode in a dilute perchloric acid solution using a combination of capacitance measurements and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy under electrochemical conditions (ECSTM). The "camel-shaped" capacitance curve of the EDL is studied with different cations and anions, including their impact on the potential of zero charge (PZC). We show that the ECSTM images of thermally reconstructed and of the potential-induced surface reconstruction of Au(111) in perchloric acid electrolyte resemble previous work in sulphuric acid, displaying a herringbone pattern for a thermally reconstructed surface. Once the reconstruction is lifted, the Au(111) forms islands with an average of 1 atomic step height. When the potential is lowered below that of the PZC, the potential-induced surface reconstruction results in a more disoriented pattern than the thermally reconstructed surface. ECSTM images at different potentials are correlated with the voltammogram to understand the time and potential dependence of the surface. This correlation has led to the development of a potential window technique that can be used to reveal the surface structure of Au(111) based on observing the changes in PZC in the voltammogram. This method provides an indirect approach to understanding the surface structure without always relying on ECSTM. From the voltammogram, we also observed that anions (SO42-, CH3SO3-, ClO4-, F-) interact more strongly with the Au(111) surface than the alkali cations. The cation capacitance peak shape does not depend strongly on the identity of the alkali metal cation (Li+, Na+, K+). However, the anion capacitance peak depends strongly on the anion identity. It suggests that some level of specific adsorption cannot be excluded, even for anions that are traditionally not considered to adsorb specifically (perchlorate, fluoride).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariba Adnan
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
| | - Saeid Behjati
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
| | - Núria Félez-Guerrero
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
- Chemistry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kasinath Ojha
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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2
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Yokota Y, Kim Y. Molecular Scale Assessments of Electrochemical Interfaces: In Situ and Ex Situ Approaches. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yokota
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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3
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Reactivity mapping of nanoscale defect chemistry under electrochemical reaction conditions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5702. [PMID: 31836705 PMCID: PMC6910959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysts often show increased conversion at nanoscale chemical or topographic surface inhomogeneities, resulting in spatially heterogeneous reactivity. Identifying reacting species locally with nanometer precision during chemical conversion is one of the biggest quests in electrochemical surface science to advance (electro)catalysis and related fields. Here, we demonstrate that electrochemical tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can be used for combined topography and reactivity imaging of electro-active surface sites under reaction conditions. We map the electrochemical oxidation of Au nanodefects, a showcase energy conversion and corrosion reaction, with a chemical spatial sensitivity of about 10 nm. The results indicate the reversible, concurrent formation of spatially separated Au2O3 and Au2O species at defect-terrace and protrusion sites on the defect, respectively. Active-site chemical nano-imaging under realistic working conditions is expected to be pivotal in a broad range of disciplines where quasi-atomistic reactivity understanding could enable strategic engineering of active sites to rationally tune (electro)chemical device properties. Identifying reacting species locally with nanometer precision is a major challenge in electrochemical surface science. Using operando Raman nanoscopy, authors image the reversible, concurrent formation of nanometer-spatially separated Au2O3 and Au2O species during Au nanodefect oxidation.
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4
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5
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Romero-Romo M, Aldana-González J, Botello L, Montes de Oca M, Ramírez-Silva M, Corona-Avendaño S, Palomar-Pardavé M. Electrochemical nucleation and growth of Cu onto Au nanoparticles supported on a Si (111) wafer electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Schnaidt J, Beckord S, Engstfeld AK, Klein J, Brimaud S, Behm RJ. A combined UHV-STM-flow cell set-up for electrochemical/electrocatalytic studies of structurally well-defined UHV prepared model electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4166-4178. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic scale structural characterization and electrochemical measurements under controlled electrolyte transport conditions are the basis for structure–activity relationships in nanostructured electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Schnaidt
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - S. Beckord
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - A. K. Engstfeld
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - J. Klein
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - S. Brimaud
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - R. J. Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
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7
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Liao H, Sun S, Li S, Ager JW, Xu ZJ. Activation Effect of Electrochemical Cycling on Gold Nanoparticles towards the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Sulfuric Acid. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Lopes PP, Strmcnik D, Tripkovic D, Connell JG, Stamenkovic V, Markovic NM. Relationships between Atomic Level Surface Structure and Stability/Activity of Platinum Surface Atoms in Aqueous Environments. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro P. Lopes
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dusan Strmcnik
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dusan Tripkovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Justin G. Connell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vojislav Stamenkovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nenad M. Markovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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9
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Bach P, Stratmann M, Valencia-Jaime I, Romero A, Renner F. Lithiation and Delithiation Mechanisms of Gold Thin Film Model Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries: Electrochemical Characterization. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Soliman KA, Kolb DM, Kibler LA, Jacob T. Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1349-1356. [PMID: 25247118 PMCID: PMC4168890 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the electrochemical surface faceting and restructuring of Ir(210) single crystal electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy are used to probe structural changes and variations in the electrochemical behaviour after potential cycling of Ir(210) in 0.1 M H2SO4. Faceted structures are obtained electrochemically as a function of time by cycling at a scanrate of 1 V·s(-1) between -0.28 and 0.70 V vs SCE, i.e., between the onset of hydrogen evolution and the surface oxidation regime. The electrochemical behaviour in sulfuric acid solution is compared with that of thermally faceted Ir(210), which shows a sharp characteristic voltammetric peak for (311) facets. Structures similar to thermally-induced faceted Ir(210) are obtained electrochemically, which typically correspond to polyoriented facets at nano-pyramids. These structures grow anisotropically in a preferred direction and reach a height of about 5 nm after 4 h of cycling. The structural changes are reflected in variations of the electrocatalytic activity towards carbon monoxide adlayer oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Soliman
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Permanent address: Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Dieter M Kolb
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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11
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O'Mullane AP. From single crystal surfaces to single atoms: investigating active sites in electrocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4012-4026. [PMID: 24599277 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic processes will undoubtedly be at the heart of energising future transportation and technology with the added importance of being able to create the necessary fuels required to do so in an environmentally friendly and cost effective manner. For this to be successful two almost mutually exclusive surface properties need to be reconciled, namely producing highly active/reactive surface sites that exhibit long term stability. This article reviews the various approaches which have been undertaken to study the elusive nature of these active sites on metal surfaces which are considered as adatoms or clusters of adatoms with low coordination number. This includes the pioneering studies at extended well defined stepped single crystal surfaces using cyclic voltammetry up to the highly sophisticated in situ electrochemical imaging techniques used to study chemically synthesised nanomaterials. By combining the information attained from single crystal surfaces, individual nanoparticles of defined size and shape, density functional theory calculations and new concepts such as mesoporous multimetallic thin films and single atom electrocatalysts new insights into the design and fabrication of materials with highly active but stable active sites can be achieved. The area of electrocatalysis is therefore not only a fascinating and exciting field in terms of realistic technological and economical benefits but also from the fundamental understanding that can be acquired by studying such an array of interesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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12
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Wang Y, Laborda E, Plowman BJ, Tschulik K, Ward KR, Palgrave RG, Damm C, Compton RG. The strong catalytic effect of Pb(ii) on the oxygen reduction reaction on 5 nm gold nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3200-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Wang Y, Laborda E, Crossley A, Compton RG. Surface oxidation of gold nanoparticles supported on a glassy carbon electrode in sulphuric acid medium: contrasts with the behaviour of ‘macro’ gold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:3133-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44615h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Cherevko S, Topalov AA, Zeradjanin AR, Katsounaros I, Mayrhofer KJJ. Gold dissolution: towards understanding of noble metal corrosion. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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15
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Su YZ, Yan JW, Li MG, Xie ZX, Mao BW, Tian ZQ. Adsorption of Solvent Cations on Au(111) and Au(100) in Alkylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – Worm-Like versus Micelle-Like Structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2012.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
By employing high resolution in-situ STM, the adsorption of alkylimidazolium-based cations of EMI
+
, PMI
+
, BMI
+
and OMI
+
on Au(111) and Au(100) surfaces are investigated systematically. The cation adsorption on both Au(111) and Au(100) are composed of double rows arising from counter-facing imidazolium-based cation pairs. On Au(100), the double rows associated with the four cations show micelle-like appearance along the two √ 2 directions of the Au(100) surface lattice units. The width of the double rows varies depending on the side chain length of the cations, but is constrained by the periodicity along the √ 2 directions. Anions of BF
4
-
, PF
6
-
, CF3SO
3
-
and Tf2N
-
do not influence the micelle-like adsorption structure. On Au(111), the double rows are formed only when the terraces are etched to several atoms wide. Most likely, the underneath Au surface experiences restructuring to accommodate the double row structure, and the worm-like orientation of the double rows is the consequence of strain release. Both the micelle-like and worm-like adsorption structures would be lifted upon cathodic potential excursions when the surfaces are driven to undergo ordinary Au(100)-hex and Au(111)-(√ 3 × 22) reconstructions. These results reveal that the ordered micelle-like structure on Au(100) and the irregular worm-like structure on Au(111) are of the same nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- Xiamen University, State Key Lab of Physical, Xiamen, 361005, Volksrepublik China
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16
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Characterization of Microroughness Parameters in Titanium Nitride Thin Films Grown by DC Magnetron Sputtering. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-012-9510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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18
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Teliz E, Díaz V, Faccio R, Mombrú AW, Zinola CF. The Electrochemical Development of Pt(111) Stepped Surfaces and Its Influence on Methanol Electrooxidation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/289032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress in the preparation of new electrode surfaces by electrochemical treatments exhibiting high faradaic efficiencies towards industrial electrocatalytic processes has gained more attention in today's scientific community. Most of the papers report new catalysts dispersed on different substrates, but some fundamental studies required for electrochemical and physical characterizations are sometimes forgotten. In this paper, we make a full staging of two electrochemical treatments that can be conducted to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of platinum surfaces, such as, electrofacetting through square wave potential programs and constant cathodic polarizations in the net hydrogen evolution region. The cathodic treatment applied at −2 V clearly develops (111) stepped planes similarly to the electrofacetting performed after applying the square wave program between 1.40 V and 0.70 V at 2.5 kHz. The X-ray diffraction patterns of both surfaces as well as on other electrofacetted platinum electrodes are obtained for comparison purposes. Moreover, the electrocatalytic activity towards methanol electrooxidation also exhibits equivalent coulombic efficiencies and 200% higher than on polycrystalline platinum as demonstrated by linear sweep voltammetry and potentiostatic current decays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Teliz
- Núcleo Ingeniería Electroquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química-Laboratorio de Electroquímica Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Rodó 1843, Udelar, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - V. Díaz
- Núcleo Ingeniería Electroquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química-Laboratorio de Electroquímica Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Rodó 1843, Udelar, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - R. Faccio
- Laboratorio de cristalografía, estado sólido y materiales (Cryssmat-Lab), DETEMA, Centro NanoMat, Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Gral. Flores 2224, Udelar, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - A. W. Mombrú
- Laboratorio de cristalografía, estado sólido y materiales (Cryssmat-Lab), DETEMA, Centro NanoMat, Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Gral. Flores 2224, Udelar, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - C. F. Zinola
- Núcleo Ingeniería Electroquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química-Laboratorio de Electroquímica Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Rodó 1843, Udelar, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Pobelov IV, Nagy G, Wandlowski T. Structure transitions between copper-sulphate and copper-chloride UPD phases on Au(111). J CHEM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-009-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Mayrhofer KJ, Hanzlik M, Arenz M. The influence of electrochemical annealing in CO saturated solution on the catalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Kranz C, Kueng A, Mizaikoff B. Scanning Micro‐ and Nanoprobes for Electrochemical Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527616701.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Simeone F, Kolb D, Venkatachalam S, Jacob T. Die Au(111)-Elektrolyt-Grenzschicht: eine Tunnelspektroskopie- und DFT-Untersuchung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Simeone F, Kolb D, Venkatachalam S, Jacob T. The Au(111)/Electrolyte Interface: A Tunnel-Spectroscopic and DFT Investigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8903-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Kelber J, Rudenja S, Bjelkevig C. Electrodeposition of copper on Ru(0001) in sulfuric acid solution: Growth kinetics and nucleation behavior. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Electrocatalytic properties of surface oxides on gold, platinum, and stainless steel electrodes in electrooxidation of malic acid. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11175-005-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Electrochemical Properties of Nucleic Acid Components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1871-0069(05)01002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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28
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Essis-Tome H, Diawara C, Robbiola L, Cote G, Kossir A, El Kacemi K, Qafas Z, Pontié M. Preparation and characterization of a novel electronically conductive and chemically modified nanofiltration type membrane. Electrochem commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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Hasoň S, Simonaho SP, Silvennoinen R, Vetterl V. Detection of phase transients in two-dimensional adlayers of adenosine at the solid amalgam electrode surfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Pacheco Santos V, Del Colle V, Bezerra R, Tremiliosi-Filho G. Studies of the morphology, composition and reactivity of osmium nanodeposits on platinum single crystal electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Uhlemann M, Gebert A, Herrich M, Krause A, Cziraki A, Schultz L. Electrochemical deposition and modification of Cu/Co–Cu multilayer. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Pacheco Santos V, Tremiliosi-Filho G. Effect of osmium coverage on platinum single crystals in the ethanol electrooxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Kong DS, Wan LJ, Han MJ, Pan GB, Lei SB, Bai CL, Chen SH. Self-assembled monolayer of a Schiff base on Au(111) surface: electrochemistry and electrochemical STM study. Electrochim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Pittois D, Kokkinidis G, Buess-Herman C. Effect of the extent and structure of upd adlayers on the reduction of 2-nitroimidazole on Au(111) in acidic solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Lecœur J, Rousset S. Electrochemical behaviour of Au(111) vicinal faces: atomic structure stability of Au(755) and Au(332) surfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Avramov-Ivić M, Štrbac S, Mitrović V. The electrocatalytic properties of the oxides of noble metals in the electrooxidation of methanol and formic acid. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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He Y, Borguet E. Dynamics of Metastable Nanoscale Island Growth and Dissolution at Electrochemical Interfaces by Time-Resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. He
- Department of Chemistry and Surface Science Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - E. Borguet
- Department of Chemistry and Surface Science Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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38
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Pontié M, Cowache P, Klein LH, Maurice V, Bedioui F. Preparation and characterization of an electronically conductive and chemically modified ultrafiltration type membrane. J Memb Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Tao N, Li C, He H. Scanning tunneling microscopy applications in electrochemistry—beyond imaging. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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