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Li HB, Bai SQ, Shu TY, Wang Q, Chen H, Su LH, Xu M. Lappanolides A-N, fourteen undescribed sesquiterpenoids from Saussurea costus (Syn. Saussurea lappa) and their anti HBV activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 226:114207. [PMID: 38972443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Lappanolides A-N (1-14), 14 undescribed sesquiterpenoids, along with 23 known ones (15-37), were isolated from the roots of Saussurea costus, which were primarily categorized into eudesmane, guaiane, and germacrane types. Lappanolide A (1) possessed an unprecedented pseudo-disesquiterpenoids. Their structures and absolute configurations were established using physical data analyses (HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were tested for anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activity. Ten compounds (1, 9, 11, 12, 19, 22, 28, 29, 31, and 36) exhibited activities against HBsAg secretions as determined by ELISA assay, with IC50 values ranging from 5.2 to 45.7 μM. In particular, compounds 28 and 29 showed inhibition of HBsAg secretion with IC50 values of 5.28 and 5.30 μM, and CC50 values of 9.85 and 6.37 μM, respectively, though they all exhibited low selectivity. Several compounds displayed cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. Among them, compound 28 was the most notable and was chosen for further study using flow cytometry. The result showed that it significantly induced HepG2 cell arrest in the S phase and induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shi-Qun Bai
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Teng-Yun Shu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Li-Hua Su
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Naiel MAE, Abd El-Hameed SAA, Ahmed AI, Ismaiel NEM. The effect of dietary administration of Saussurea lappa root on performance, blood biochemical indices, redox status, innate immune response, intestinal microbial population and resistance against A. hydrophila infections of Tilapia Fingerlings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38851860 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to identify the influence of dietary Saussurea lappa root (SLR) on the performance and general health status of Nile Tilapia fingerlings (O. niloticus). Four formulated diets with different SLR levels of 0.0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg, respectively, were afforded to fingerling fish (15.42 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. The feed efficiency ratio (FER), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio varied with dietary SLR level in a linear model and a high feed efficiency rate was recorded at the 10 g/kg group, while FI and FCR exhibited an opposite trend (P < 0.001). Dietary SLR level influenced serum protein constituents, liver and renal function enzymes, triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose (P < 0.001). Serum Catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) remarkedly increased with dietary SLR level and attained a level at 10 g/kg. Furthermore, serum lysozyme, complement C3 (C3), IgA and IgD were stimulated by 10 g/kg SLR. Intestinal digestive enzymes (lipase and amylase) increased with SLR level up to 10 g/kg. As the dietary SLR level raised, the cumulative survival percentage aginst A. hydrophila challenge increased and then reached a maximum at 10 g/kg SLR group. Moreover, gene expression of pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF-2a, IL-1β, and IL-10) in liver and kidney transcriptomes demonstrated effective immunostimulant capabilities of greater SLR inclusion levels in fish diet. Meanwhile, intestinal microbial investigation, revealed that high levels of SLR in tilapia fish feed significantly suppressed total bacterial count, and pathogenic bacterial count (such as, E. coli, Coliform, Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp.), and stimulated lactic acid bacteria development. Finally, it is recommended to include a high level of SLR (5 or 10 g/kg) in the diet of O. niloticus fingerlings to enhance feed efficiency, antioxidant characteristics, and immunological response against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah A A Abd El-Hameed
- Fish health and diseases Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany I Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla E M Ismaiel
- Fish Biology and Ecology Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt
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Perveen S, Hamedi A, Pasdaran A, Heidari R, Azam MSU, Tabassum S, Mehmood R, Peng J. Anti-inflammatory potential of some eudesmanolide and guaianolide sesquiterpenes. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1489-1498. [PMID: 37962696 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Ten sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Anvillea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC ethanolic extract were assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assignment, and mice paw swelling model. 3α,4α-10β-trihydroxy-8α-acetyloxyguaian-12,6α-olide (1), epi-vulgarin (3), 9a-hydroxyparthenolide (4), garcinamine C (7), garcinamine D (8), garcinamine E (9), and 4, 9-dihydroxyguaian-10(14)-en-12-olide (10) showed explicit anti-inflammatory activity in rodent paw edema and MPO assignment. The findings of this study showed that the α-methylene γ-lactone moiety does not always guarantee an anti-inflammatory effect, but the presence of proline at the C3 of the lactone ring improves the binding of sesquiterpene lactones with MPO isoenzymes, resulting in a more potent inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Ul Azam
- Department of Radiology, Yeovil district hospital Somerset foundation trust (NHS), BA21 4AT,, Yeovil, Somerset, UK
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Rashad Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jiangnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
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Anmol, Aggarwal G, Sharma M, Singh R, Shivani, Sharma U. Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117385. [PMID: 37951375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE India has an extensive reservoir of traditional wisdom and a diverse range of medicinal plants that enrich its heritage. Plants have actively been used for healthcare practices globally since the time immemorial. Medicinal uses of plants have been well recognized in India, evident from plant species documented in different traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda (1400-1800 species), Siddha (500-900 species), Unani (400-700 species), Homeopathy (about 372 species), and Sowa-Rigpa (about 250 species), etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary purpose of this review is to provide systematic updated information on thirteen medicinal plants prioritized by the Indian government (providing75 % subsidy on cultivation cost) based on the availability and market demand of these plants. Updated information regarding the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and conservation status of these plants will help in understanding their pharmacological and commercial importance. This will also help in developing new strategies for their conservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online databases such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar were used to collect the electronically available literature on targeted thirteen plants. Also, different Indian government official websites such as AYUSH (https://www.ayush.gov.in); NMPB (National Medicinal Plants Board) (https://nmpb.nic.in); e.charak (https://echarak.in) were used for collecting information related to the amount of subsidy, trade and price related information of these plants. RESULTS To promote medicinal plant cultivation, the Indian government provides subsidies for cultivating some traditionally important medicinal plants. These plants are divided into three categories according to the subsidy provided to farmers, i.e., 30%, 50%, and 75% of the cost of cultivation. Thirteen medicinal plants which are provided 75% subsidy are Aconitum ferox Wall., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., Berberis aristata DC., Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f., Santalum Album L., Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., and Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. The literature survey reveals the enormous traditional medicinal importance, wide geographical distribution, diverse range of natural products, and broad spectrum of pharmacological activities of these plants. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature survey revealed that although remarkable progress has been made in isolation, bioactivity evaluation, quality assessment, and conservation, there is still a lot of scope for further scientific interventions. Scientific validation of traditionally claimed medicinal potential is lacking for various bioactivities. Some of the bioactivities are performed just on extracts/fractions, so there is a need for proper phytochemical studies to identify active constituents responsible for the specific bioactivity. Further, quality assessment methods using both targeted and non-targeted tools are required to evaluate the quality of these highly-priced medicinal plants and their adulterants. Ultimately, to encourage the cultivation of these endangered medicinal plant species, it is imperative to implement proper legislation and employ in-situ and ex-situ conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Aggarwal
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mehak Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raman Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Tripathi N, Saraf P, Bhardwaj N, Shrivastava SK, Jain SK. Identifying inflammation-related targets of natural lactones using network pharmacology, molecular modeling and in vitro approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38334283 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural lactones have been used in traditional and folklore medicine for centuries owing to their anti-inflammatory properties. The study uses a multifaceted approach to identify lead anti-inflammatory lactones from the SISTEMATX natural products database. The study analyzed the natural lactone database, revealing 18 lactones linked to inflammation targets. The primary targets were PTGES, PTGS1, COX-2, ALOX5 and IL1B. STX 12273 was the best hit, with the lowest binding energy and potential for inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme. The study suggested natural lactone, STX 12273, from the SISTEMATX database with anti-inflammatory potential and postulated its use for inflammation treatment or prevention.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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Jeong S, Kim MB, Baek S, Lee J, Lee H, Cao B, Kim Y, Cao L, Lee S. Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory M1 Polarization of LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells by Fucoxanthin-Rich Sargassum hemiphyllum. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:533. [PMID: 37888467 PMCID: PMC10608208 DOI: 10.3390/md21100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in managing the onset and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. The primary objective of this study is to explore the antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory properties of Sargassum hemiphyllum ethanol extract (SHE) and its fraction. SHE and its five constituent fractions were assessed for overall antioxidant capabilities and inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammation by modulating macrophages polarization in both RAW 264.7 macrophages and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Among the organic solvent fractions of SHE, the ethyl acetate fraction displayed the highest total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity. Notably, the n-hexane (Hex) fraction showed the most substantial suppression of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor α secretion in BMDM among the five fractions of SHE. The SHE and Hex fraction significantly reduced the heightened expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-inducible enzymes induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In particular, the SHE and Hex fraction inhibited M1 macrophage polarization by reducing the mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers in macrophages that were polarized toward the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, the SHE and Hex fraction attenuated the induction in nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and its target genes, which was accompanied by an alteration in antioxidant gene expression in M1-polarized BMDM. The findings suggest that both SHE and its Hex fraction exhibit inhibitory effects on LPS-triggered inflammation and oxidative stress by modulating the polarization of M1 macrophages within macrophage populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Jeong
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.B.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suhyeon Baek
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.B.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Joowon Lee
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.B.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyeju Lee
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.B.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Yongeun Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggil Lee
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.B.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
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Lyu HY, Bao MY, Io CC, Xiong HM, Chen FL, Bai LP, Zhang W, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Aucklandia costus and their anti-inflammatory activities. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105604. [PMID: 37423500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed sesquiterpenoid dimers, aucklandiolides A-E (1-5), one new sesquiterpenoid glycoside, β-cyclocostunolide-15-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and seventeen known analogues (7-23) were isolated from the roots of Aucklandia costus. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and their configurations were confirmed by the computational calculations of ECD and NMR chemical shifts. Aucklandiolides A and B are the first examples of dimeric sesquiterpenoids with a unique 6/6/6/5/6/6 ring system originated from a proposed Diels-Alder cycloaddition between two eudesmane sesquiterpenoids. Besides, compounds 9-11, 20, and 22 showed significant inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Meng-Yu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chi-Cheng Io
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Fei-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
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Samarakoon KW, Kuruppu AI, Ko JY, Lee JH, Jeon YJ. Structural Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 24-Methylcholesta-5(6), 22-Diene-3β-ol from the Cultured Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum; Attenuate Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040231. [PMID: 37103370 PMCID: PMC10144052 DOI: 10.3390/md21040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, 24-methylcholesta-5(6), 22-diene-3β-ol (MCDO), a major phytosterol was isolated from the cultured marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were determined. MCDO demonstrated very potent dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells with minimal cytotoxic effects. MCDO also demonstrated a strong and significant suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, but no substantial inhibitory effects were observed on the production of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the tested concentrations against LPS treatment on RAW macrophages. Western blot assay confirmed the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions against LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, MCDO was assessed for in vivo anti-inflammatory effects using the zebrafish model. MCDO acted as a potent inhibitor for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO levels with a protective effect against the oxidative stress induced by LPS in inflammatory zebrafish embryos. Collectively, MCDO isolated from the cultured marine diatom P. tricornutum exhibited profound anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this major sterol might be a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa W Samarakoon
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Anchala I Kuruppu
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gill Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Attallah NGM, Kabbash A, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Binsuwaidan R, Al-Fakhrany OM, Shaldam MA, Moglad E, Tarek M, Samir N, Fawzy HM. Protective Potential of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. Roots against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats and Its In Vitro Antiviral Effect. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:318. [PMID: 37259460 PMCID: PMC9959296 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases and infections of the respiratory tract are common global causes of morbidity and mortality. Our study attempts to elucidate a novel remedy for respiratory ailments, in addition to identifying and quantifying the metabolites of Saussurea costus root extract (SCRE) using HPLC. Then, in vitro antiviral and in vivo lung protective effects were elucidated. The in vitro antiviral potential of SCRE was analyzed via plaque assay against the low pathogenic human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and human influenza virus (H1N1). The value of the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of SCRE against HCoV-229E and H1N1 influenza virus were 23.21 ± 1.1 and 47.6 ± 2.3 µg/mL, respectively. SCRE showed a histological improvement, namely a decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 immunoexpression in in vivo cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Moreover, there was a considerable decline in microRNA-let-7a gene expression and a significant rise in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression, with a marked decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Molecular docking studies revealed that the major constituents of SCRE have a good affinity for caspase-3, HO-1, and iNOS proteins. In conclusion, a traditional plant SCRE could be a promising source of novel therapeutic agents for treating and protecting respiratory tract diseases. More future investigations should be carried out to reveal its efficacy clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal Kabbash
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Reem Binsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia Momtaz Al-Fakhrany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Moataz A. Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Tarek
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Nehal Samir
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Fawzy
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt
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Houchi S, Messasma Z. Exploring the inhibitory potential of Saussurea costus and Saussurea involucrata phytoconstituents against the Spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant and the main protease (M pro) as therapeutic candidates, using Molecular docking, DFT, and ADME/Tox studies. J Mol Struct 2022; 1263:133032. [PMID: 35431327 PMCID: PMC8993769 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B.1.617.2 Delta variant is considered to be the most infectious of all SARS-CoV2 variants. Here, an attempt has been made through in-silico screening of 55 bioactive compounds from two selected plants, Saussurea costus and Saussurea involucrata as potential inhibitors of two viral proteases, main protease Mpro (PDB ID:6LU7) and the RBD of SGP of Sars-CoV-2 B1.617.2 Delta variant (PDB ID:7ORB) where the binding energy, molecular interactions, ADMET/Tox, chemical descriptors and Quantum-Chemical Calculations were explored. Molecular docking results demonstrated that the three top docked compounds formed relatively stable complexes within the active site and displayed remarkable binding energy in the order of Tangshenoside III, Rutin and Hesperidin (-9.35, -9.14 and -8.57 kcal/mol, respectively) with Mpro and Rutin, Tangshenoside III and Hesperidin (-9.07, -7.71 and -7.57 kcal/mol) with RBD of SGP. These compounds are non-Mutagen and non-carcinogen. Therefore, according to the Lipinski's Rule of Five they exhibited three violations concerning hydrogen acceptor, donor and molecular weight. However, based on the Quantum-Chemical Calculations results the selected ligands have effective reactivity, as they showed lower band gaps. The difference of the ELUMO and EHOMO was low, ranging from 0.0639 to 0.0978 a.u, implying the strong affinity of these inhibitors towards the target proteins. Among the three inhibitors, Rutin exhibited higher reactivity against two viral proteases, main protease (Mpro) and the Sars-CoV-2 B1.617.2, as the band energy gap was lowest among all the three phytochemicals, 0.0639 a.u This could indicate that Rutincan be potential anti-viral drug candidates against the existing SARS-CoV-2, the B.1.617.2 Delta variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Houchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Algeria
| | - Zakia Messasma
- Department of Process Engineering, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Molecular Engineering and Redox Catalysis, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000, Algeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000, Algeria
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11
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Wang W, Mu M, Zou Y, Deng S, Lu Y, Li Q, Li Z, Tao H, Wang Y, Tao X. Glycogen metabolism reprogramming promotes inflammation in coal dust-exposed lung. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113913. [PMID: 35907323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term coal dust exposure triggers complex inflammatory processes in the coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) lungs. The progress of the inflammation is reported to be affected by disordered cell metabolism. However, the changes in the metabolic reprogramming associated with the pulmonary inflammation induced by the coal dust particles are unknown. Herein, we show that coal dust exposure causes glycogen accumulation and the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in the CWP lung. The glycogen accumulation caused by coal dust is mainly due to macrophages, which reprogram glycogen metabolism and trigger an inflammatory response. In addition, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) reduced glycogen content in macrophages, which was accompanied by mitigated inflammation and restrained NF-κB activation. Accordingly, we have pinpointed a novel and crucial metabolic pathway that is an essential regulator of the inflammatory phenotype of coal dust-exposed macrophages. These results shed light on new ways to regulate CWP inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Min Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yuanjie Zou
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Songsong Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Huihui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China.
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12
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Aziz N, Kim E, Yang Y, Kim HG, Yu T, Cho JY. p38-dependent c-Jun degradation contributes to reduced PGE 2 production in sodium orthovanadate-treated macrophages. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35410635 PMCID: PMC9442349 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.8.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In particular, the phenomenon of c-Jun degradation within the inflammatory response has not yet been fully analyzed. In order to verify this, we investigated LPS-stimulated murine macrophages pre-treated with sodium orthovanadate (SO) in order to uncover the regulatory mechanisms of the MAPKs which regulate c-Jun degradation within the inflammatory response. Through our study, we found that SO suppressed the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, SO decreased total c-Jun levels, without altering the amount of mRNA, although the phospho-levels of p38, ERK, and JNK were strongly enhanced. Through the usage of selective MAPK inhibitors, and knockdown and overexpression strategies, p38 was revealed to be a major MAPK which regulates c-Jun degradation. Further analysis indicates that the phosphorylation of p38 is a determinant for c-Jun degradation, and is sufficient to induce ubiquitination-dependent c-Jun degradation, recovered through MG132 treatment. Therefore, our results suggest that the hyperphosphorylation of p38 by SO contributes to c-Jun degradation, which is linked to the suppression of PGE2 secretion in inflammatory responses; and thus, finding drugs to increase p38 activity could be a novel strategy for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Phytochemical Discrimination, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Water-Soluble Inhibitors from Saussurea costus Herb against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154908. [PMID: 35956858 PMCID: PMC9370511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Siddha medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and is believed to have originated more than 10,000 years ago and is prevalent across ancient Tamil land. It is undeniable that inhibitor preferences rise with increasing solubility in water due to the considerations pertaining to the bioavailability and the ease of which unabsorbed residues can be disposed of. In this study, we showed the phytochemical discrimination of Saussurea costus extracted with water at room temperature as a green extraction procedure. A total of 48 compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fatty acids had a high phytochemical abundance at 73.8%, followed by tannins at 8.2%, carbohydrates at 6.9%, terpenoids at 4.3%, carboxylic acids at 2.5%, hydrocarbons at 2.4%, phenolic compounds at 0.2%, and sterols at 1.5%. Of these compounds, 22 were docked on the active side and on the catalytic dyad of His41 and Cys145 of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro). Eight active inhibitors were carbohydrates, five were fatty acids, three were terpenoids, two were carboxylic acids, one was a tannin, one was a phenolic compound, and one was a sterol. The best inhibitors were 4,8,13-Cyclotetradecatriene-1,3-diol, 1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(1-methylethyl), Andrographolide, and delta.4-Androstene-3.beta.,17.beta.-diol, with a binding affinity that ranged from −6.1 kcal/mol to −6.5 kcal/mol. The inhibitory effect of Saussurea costus of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell was studied using a pseudovirus with Spike proteins from the D614G variant and the VOC variants Gamma and Delta. Based on the viral cycle of SARS-CoV-2, our results suggest that the Saussurea costus aqueous extract has no virucidal effect and inhibits the virus in the events after cell entry. Furthermore, the biological activity of the aqueous extract was investigated against HSV-1 virus and two bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1026 and Escherichia coli ATCC 9637. According to this study, an enormous number of water-soluble inhibitors were identified from Saussurea costus against the Mpro, and this is unprecedented as far as we know.
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Ahn JH, Song EJ, Jung DH, Kim YJ, Seo IS, Park SC, Jung YS, Cho ES, Mo SH, Hong JJ, Cho JY, Park JH. The sesquiterpene lactone estafiatin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and protects mice from sepsis induced by LPS and cecal ligation puncture. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153934. [PMID: 35172258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that the water extract of Artermisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit suppressed the cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and alleviated carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in mice. Artemisia contains various sesquiterpene lactones and most of them exert immunomodulatory activity. PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of estafiatin (EST), a sesquiterpene lactone derived from A. scoparia, on LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and mouse sepsis model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and THP-1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, were pretreated with different doses of EST for 2 h, followed by LPS treatment. The gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was also evaluated at the level of phosphorylation. The effect of EST on inflammatory cytokine production, lung histopathology, and survival rate was assessed in an LPS-induced mice model of septic shock. The effect of EST on the production of cytokines in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages was evaluated by in vitro and ex vivo experiments and protective effect of EST on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice was also assessed. RESULTS The LPS-induced expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS was suppressed at the mRNA and protein levels in BMDMs and THP-1 cells, respectively, by pretreatment with EST. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EST on IL-6 and TNF-α production were determined as 3.2 μM and 3.1 μM in BMDMs, 3 μM and 3.4 μM in THP1 cells, respectively. In addition, pretreatment with EST significantly reduced the LPS-induced phosphorylation p65, p38, JNK, and ERK in both cell types. In the LPS-induced mice model of septic shock, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2 were lower in EST-treated mice than in the control animals. Histopathology analysis revealed that EST treatment ameliorated LPS-induced lung damage. Moreover, while 1 of 7 control mice given lethal dose of LPS survived, 3 of 7 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 5 of 7 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice were survived. Pretreatment of EST dose-dependently suppressed the LPS-induced production of IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL1 in peritoneal macrophages. In CLP-induced mice sepsis model, while all 6 control mice was dead at 48 h, 1 of 6 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 3 of 6 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice survived for 96 h. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that EST exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophages and protects mice from sepsis. Our study suggests that EST could be developed as a new therapeutic agent for sepsis and various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hyeon Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Jun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Su Seo
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Chan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Seok Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Seo Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Mo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Action of Sesquiterpene Lactones. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031142. [PMID: 35164406 PMCID: PMC8839508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (SL), characterized by their high prevalence in the Asteraceae family, are one of the major groups of secondary metabolites found in plants. Researchers from distinct research fields, including pharmacology, medicine, and agriculture, are interested in their biological potential. With new SL discovered in the last years, new biological activities have been tested, different action mechanisms (synergistic and/or antagonistic effects), as well as molecular structure–activity relationships described. The review identifies the main sesquiterpene lactones with interconnections between immune responses and anti-inflammatory actions, within different cellular models as well in in vivo studies. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability, as well as molecular structure–activity relationships are addressed. Additionally, plant metabolic engineering, and the impact of sesquiterpene lactone extraction methodologies are presented, with the perspective of biological activity enhancement. Sesquiterpene lactones derivatives are also addressed. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of sesquiterpene lactones within immune and inflammatory activities, highlighting trends and opportunities for their pharmaceutical/clinical use.
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Korean red ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:489-495. [PMID: 35600780 PMCID: PMC9120761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potential mechanism in macrophages. Methods The ginsenoside composition of RGSF was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. An anti-inflammatory effect of RGSF and its mechanisms were studied using nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production assays, mRNA expression analyses of inflammatory genes and cytokines, luciferase reporter gene assays of transcription factors, and Western blot analyses of inflammatory signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results HPLC analysis identified the types and amounts of various panaxadiol ginsenosides in RGSF. RGSF reduced the generation of inflammatory molecules and mRNA levels of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RGSF inhibited the signaling pathways of NF-κB and AP-1 by suppressing both transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion RGSF contains ginsenosides that have anti-inflammatory action via restraining the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages during inflammatory responses.
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Dual-modified starch nanospheres encapsulated with curcumin by self-assembly: Structure, physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:305-314. [PMID: 34560146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pullulanase debranching and subsequent hydroxypropylation were applied to prepare a series of dual-modified starches (Hydroxypropylated debranched starch, HPDS) with different degrees of hydroxypropyl substitution. Their structural and physicochemical properties varied with the degree of hydroxypropyl substitution, and all HPDS exhibited the ability to self-assemble into well-shaped nanospheres (100-150 nm, PDI < 0.2). These HPDS nanospheres were attempted to encapsulate curcumin with the aim of improving the bioavailability, solubility and stability of curcumin. Their structural characteristics, thermal stability, iodine staining, morphology, safety, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro gastrointestinal release behavior, and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. The results showed that curcumin could be effectively encapsulated into the HPDS nanospheres, and the encapsulation efficiency, water solubility and physical stability were positively correlated with the degree of hydroxypropyl substitution. After encapsulation, the water solubility and physical stability of curcumin could be increased up to 226-fold and 6-fold, respectively. The HPDS nanospheres also exhibited good safety (including hemolysis and cytotoxicity) and sustainable release of curcumin. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity showed that the activity of curcumin-encapsulated HPDS was enhanced by 170% compared to unencapsulated curcumin. These suggest that HPDS nanospheres encapsulation may be a more suitable option for the development of functional foods containing bioactive compounds.
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Huang Z, Wei C, Yang K, Yu Z, Wang Z, Hu H. Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix: A systematic review in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114372. [PMID: 34186101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aucklandiae Radix (AR) and Vladimiriae Radix (VR), as commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine, were widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The two herbal medicines were warm, pungent and bitter. They entered the spleen, stomach, large intestine and gallbladder meridians, and had the effect of promoting qi circulation to relieve pain. It is usually used for chest and hypochondrium, abdominal fullness and pain, tenesmus, indigestion, and warming the middle to harmonize the stomach in clinically. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To provide a reference for the identification of traditional use, the material basis of efficacy and preclinical research between AR and VR, this review systematically summarized the similarities and differences in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and modern pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature information was collected systematically from the electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Geen Medical, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of herbal medicine, master's thesis, doctoral thesis. RESULTS In the plateau areas of Sichuan Province, VR used to be regarded as substitute or local habit for AR, which is regularly used for chest, abdominal fullness and pain, diarrhea, and other related diseases. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) 2020 edition, 145 prescription preparations with AR were collected, such as Xianglian Wan, Muxiang Shunqi Wan, Liuwei Muxiang San. However, only one prescription preparation (Jiuxiang Zhitong Wan) contained VR. Additionally, 237 and 254 chemical components were separately isolated and identified from AR and VR, 69 kinds of compounds were common among them, and the significant differences were presented in sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Moreover, Costunolide (COS) and Dehydrocostus lactone (DEH), two main research objects of modern pharmacology, showed multiple pharmacological activities. Not only could they inhibit the activity of some cancer cells (such as breast cancer and leukemia cells), but they regulated the levels of various inflammatory factors (including TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6) and repressed the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms (like Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus). CONCLUSION COS and DEH as the common active components, provide a certain basis for local medicine about the substitution of VR for AR in Sichuan province of China in the past. In addition, the sesquiterpenoids are the main common compounds in AR and VR by collecting and collating a large number of literature and various data websites. Furthermore, AR and VR have significant differences in ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry, especially in sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids, and are probably viewed as reference of a separate list of AR and VR in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chunlei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Verma S, Rathia S, Chandravanshi L, Gupta PK. Swarna Prashana - faith in the embrace of research. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:161-172. [PMID: 34766744 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Childhood needs diverse nutritional requirements. Poor appetite, lifestyle changes, and poor digestion affects child immunity and make them prone to diseases. Kaumarabhritya, a branch of Ayurveda which deals in child and adolescent health care, has a unique concept of Swarna Prashana (SP) to promote generalized immunity and intellect. SP is commonly recommended to children between 0 and 12 years of age and given as a general health promoter to improve intellect, digestion, strength, immunity, longevity, and complexion. Multiple benefits of SP are mentioned in different Samhitas which needs to be explored on scientific background. Authors have highlighted content variabilities, plausible mechanisms, research tasks and potentials, lacunae, and future prospects about SP. This manuscript is a spotlight on current social, clinical, marketing, and scientific information of Swarna Prashana. SP can be a cost-effective, safe, infrastructure compatible, and prevention-centric approach to improve children's overall health status and has the potential to serve as a positive health care program for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Verma
- Department of Kaumarabhritya, Shri NPA Govt Ayurved College, Raipur, CG, India
| | - Satyawati Rathia
- Department of Kaumarabhritya, Shri NPA Govt Ayurved College, Raipur, CG, India
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Morsy BM, Hamed MA, Abd-Alla HI, Aziz WM, Kamel SN. Downregulation of fibrosis and inflammatory signalling pathways in rats liver via Pulicaria crispa aerial parts ethanol extract. Biomarkers 2021; 26:665-673. [PMID: 34409912 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1970810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Liver is a vital organ for the detoxification of toxic substances in the body, where fibrosis is the major cause of liver damage. Pulicaria crispa processes many therapeutic applications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-ulcerative agent. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to modulate the fibrosis and inflammatory signalling pathways in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats via treatment with Pulicaria crispa aerial parts ethanol extract (PCEE). MATERIALS AND METHODS CCl4 was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg b.wt./twice a week/six consecutive weeks, PCEE was orally allocated at a dose of 250 mg/kg b.wt./day/six weeks and silymarin was orally administrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg, b.wt/day/six weeks. The plant extract evaluation was done through measuring aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST& ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total lipids (TP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low level glycoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The liver architectures were also estimated. RESULT The phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of sterols and/or triterpenoids. Treatments with plant extract suppressed significantly (p < 0.0001) the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TP, TG, TC, LDH-C, MDA, NO, AFP, TNF-α and IL-6, while increased (p < 0.0001) the levels of HDL-C, GSH and SOD. The histopathological features confirmed the therapeutic role of the plant extract. CONCLUSION PCEE succeeded to exert anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and anti- oxidants effects in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant M Morsy
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Howaida I Abd-Alla
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Aziz
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally N Kamel
- Aaman Laboratory, Ismail Al-dorry, St., Faiyum, Egypt
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21
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Ullah HMA, Kwon TH, Park S, Kim SD, Rhee MH. Isoleucilactucin Ameliorates Coal Fly Ash-Induced Inflammation through the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in MH-S Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179506. [PMID: 34502415 PMCID: PMC8430556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether isoleucilactucin, an active constituent of Ixeridium dentatum, reduces inflammation caused by coal fly ash (CFA) in alveolar macrophages (MH-S). The anti-inflammatory effects of isoleucilactucin were assessed by measuring the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in MH-S cells exposed to CFA-induced inflammation. We found that isoleucilactucin reduced CFA-induced NO generation dose-dependently in MH-S cells. Moreover, isoleucilactucin suppressed CFA-activated proinflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and the proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-(IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). The inhibiting properties of isoleucilactucin on the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB) were observed. The effects of isoleucilactucin on the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were also measured in CFA-stimulated MH-S cells. These results indicate that isoleucilactucin suppressed CFA-stimulated inflammation in MH-S cells by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which suggest it might exert anti-inflammatory properties in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Arif Ullah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.M.A.U.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Department of Research and Development, Chuncheon Bio-Industry Foundation (CBF), Chuncheon 24232, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.-H.K.); (M.H.R.); Tel.: +82-33-258-6993 (T.-H.K.); +82-53-950-5967 (M.H.R.)
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.M.A.U.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.M.A.U.); (S.D.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.-H.K.); (M.H.R.); Tel.: +82-33-258-6993 (T.-H.K.); +82-53-950-5967 (M.H.R.)
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22
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Mangisa M, Peter XK, Khosa MC, Fouche G, Nthambeleni R, Senabe J, Tarirai C, Tembu VJ. Ethnomedicinal and phytochemical properties of sesquiterpene lactones from Dicoma (Asteraceae) and their anticancer pharmacological activities: A review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Matos MS, Anastácio JD, Nunes dos Santos C. Sesquiterpene Lactones: Promising Natural Compounds to Fight Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070991. [PMID: 34208907 PMCID: PMC8309091 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial and complex process that reestablishes the physiological state after a noxious stimulus. In pathological conditions the inflammatory state may persist, leading to chronic inflammation and causing tissue damage. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are composed of a large and diverse group of highly bioactive plant secondary metabolites, characterized by a 15-carbon backbone structure. In recent years, the interest in SLs has risen due to their vast array of biological activities beneficial for human health. The anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds results from their ability to target and inhibit various key pro-inflammatory molecules enrolled in diverse inflammatory pathways, and prevent or reduce the inflammatory damage on tissues. Research on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SLs has thrived over the last years, and numerous compounds from diverse plants have been studied, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Besides their anti-inflammatory potential, their cytotoxicity, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics have been investigated. This review aims to gather the most relevant results and insights concerning the anti-inflammatory potential of SL-rich extracts and pure SLs, focusing on their effects in different inflammatory pathways and on different molecular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S. Matos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.D.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José D. Anastácio
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.D.A.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.D.A.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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24
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Synthesis and Molecular Docking of Some Grossgemin Amino Derivatives as Tubulin Inhibitors Targeting Colchicine Binding Site. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six amino derivatives of grossgemin (2–7) were synthesized according to the reported essential pharmacophoric features of colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs). The derivatives 4–6 were obtained for the first time. The pharmacophoric features of 2–7 as CBSIs were studied to be almost identical. Furthermore, the 3D-flexible alignment of compound 5 as a representative example with colchicine showed a very good overlapping. In agreement, compounds 2–7 docked into CBS with binding modes very similar to that of colchicine and exhibited binding free energies of −24.57, −25.05, −32.16, −29.34, −26.38, and −26.86 (kcal/mol), respectively. The binding free energies of 4–7 were better than that of colchicine (−26.13 kcal/mol) with a noticeable superiority to compound 4.
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25
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Zheng D, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xiao S, Yang L, Xiang Y, Dai X, Hu W, Zhou B, Liu Z, Zhao H, Zhao C, Huang X, Wang L. Cynaropicrin Shows Antitumor Progression Potential in Colorectal Cancer Through Mediation of the LIFR/STATs Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:605184. [PMID: 33505963 PMCID: PMC7829511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest malignant disease in the world and the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor/signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (LIFR/STATs) signaling axis plays an important role in the molecular biology of CRC. METHODS Cell function tests were performed to observe the inhibitory effect of cynaropicrin on human CRC cells (RKO, HCT116, and DLD-1). Expression levels of LIFR, P-STAT3, P-STAT4, and apoptotic proteins were detected by Western blotting. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the presence of LIFR/STAT3/STAT4 complex. Cell immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the subcellular localization of STAT3 and STAT4. In vivo efficacy of cynaropicrin was evaluated by a xenotransplantation model in nude mice. RESULTS Cynaropicrin significantly reduced the survival ability of human CRC cells and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting results suggested that the antitumor effects of cynaropicrin might be mediated by inhibition of the LIFR/STATs axis. Cynaropicrin reduced the formation of STAT3/STAT4 heterodimers and blocked their entry into the nucleus. Cynaropicrin also suppressed tumor growth in the xenograft model. CONCLUSION The results showed that cynaropicrin exerted a strong inhibitory effect on CRC in vitro and in vivo. Our study concluded that cynaropicrin has potential application prospects in the field of anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yili Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sisi Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Youqun Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanle Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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26
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Nadda RK, Ali A, Goyal RC, Khosla PK, Goyal R. Aucklandia costus (Syn. Saussurea costus): Ethnopharmacology of an endangered medicinal plant of the himalayan region. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113199. [PMID: 32730877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aucklandia costus Falc. a medicinal plant is native to the Himalayan region and synonymous with Saussurea costus, Saussurea lappa, and Aucklandia lappa. It has an ancient background of being used ethnopharmacologically for various body ailments. According to Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Costus roots are recommended for leukoderma, liver, kidney, blood disorders, Qi stagnation, and tridosha. Root and powder are used orally with warm water to cure gastric problems, and the paste is applied to the inflamed area to relieve pain. Root paste is applied on the skin to cure boils, blisters, and leprosy. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present review is to establish a correlation among the ethnopharmacological uses and scientific studies conducted on A. costus with chemical constituents, safety & toxicity data including future directions for its conservation with higher yield and effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted by studying books, research papers, and literature in history, agroforestry, phytopharmacology of Himalayan plants using international databases, publication, Red data book, and reports. The search engines: Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley Inter-science, Indian Materia Medica, Science Direct, and referred journals are referenced. RESULTS The literature collected from databases, journals, websites, and books mentioned the use of costus roots in local and traditional practices. CITES included A. costus in a critically endangered category due to lack of cultural practices and overexploitation from wild. A. costus roots are known since 13th century for use in ancient Ayurvedic products but the scientific evaluation is of future research interest. A correlation of traditional uses with scientific studies has been explored to assess the effect of root powder, extract, oil and isolated constituents: Costunolids, Saussureamine B and Dehydrocostus lactone etc. in gastric ulceration and lesions; inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation, mucin production, number of immune cells, eosinophils, and expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in asthma. The inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators is also reported by Cynaropicrin, Alantolactone, Caryophyllene, Costic acid. Also, the sesquiterpene lactones has profound effect in inhibition of inflammatory stages and induced apoptotic cascades in cancer. Very few data on the safety and toxicity of plant parts have been noted which needs to be evaluated scientifically. CONCLUSION A. costus have been noted to have remarkable effect for gastric, hepatic, inflammatory, respiratory, cancer, skin problems but there were several errors in selection of plant material, authentification, selection of dose, assessment, selection of standard and control have been identified. Therefore, a schematic drug development and research strategy exploiting the potential of plant extract, fraction, products and probable constituents, costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, cynaropicrin, saussureamine assuring dose-response relationship and safety may be determined under pre-clinical which may be extrapolated to clinical level. An evaluation of phytochemicals in A. costus collected from different geographical location in Himalayas may be drawn to identify and conserve the higher yielding plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Nadda
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Aaliya Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Renu Chib Goyal
- Natural Product Chemistry Microbes, Indian institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR Lab, Canal Road), Jammu, J&K, 180001, India
| | - Prem Kumar Khosla
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
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27
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Okubo S, Ohta T, Fujita H, Shoyama Y, Uto T. Costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone from Saussurea lappa root inhibit autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Nat Med 2020; 75:240-245. [PMID: 33159250 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process for degradation of intracellular components and plays an important role in the development and growth of cancer. Our preliminary screening confirmed that an extract from the root of Saussurea lappa remarkably suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and inhibited autophagy. In this study, we explored the effects of costunolide (CL) and dehydrocostuslactone (DCL), which are bioactive sesquiterpene lactones in this extract, on autophagy modulation in HepG2 cells. An analysis of autophagy-related proteins demonstrated that CL and DCL blocks the autophagy process that leads to the accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and SQSTM1/p62 (p62). LC3 turnover assays indicated that CL and DCL trigger autophagy inhibition by blocking the autophagic flux, thereby resulting in the accumulation of LC3-II and p62. These results are encouraging and warrant further study of CL and DCL for potential use as autophagy inhibiting agents for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Okubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-Cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan.
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Brás T, Rosa D, Gonçalves AC, Gomes AC, Alves VD, Crespo JG, Duarte MF, Neves LA. Development of bioactive films based on chitosan and Cynara cardunculus leaves extracts for wound dressings. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1707-1718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Wang L, Yang M, Zhang C, Huang F. The protective effects of dehydrocostus lactone against TNF-α-induced degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM) in SW1353 cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17137-17149. [PMID: 32924970 PMCID: PMC7521500 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that disrupts the lives of millions of people worldwide. To date, a safe and reliable treatment has not yet been announced. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α plays an important role in the pathological development of OA. Dehydrocostus lactone (DHC) is a kind of sesquiterpene isolated from medicinal plants that has been demonstrated to play a protective role in inflammation and tumor formation. However, the effects of DHC in OA hasn't been reported before. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant and protective effects of DHC in human chondrocytes against insult from tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We found that DHC inhibited oxidative stress by suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from TNF-α stimulation. Furthermore, DHC decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by TNF-α, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Importantly, DHC prevented the degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan, which are the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), by inhibiting the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS) induced by TNF-α. Mechanistically, DHC ameliorated the inflammatory response and degeneration of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Our results reveal that DHC possesses a beneficial effect against TNF-α-mediated insult in human chondrocytes, implying a potential role for DHC in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, Anhui Province, China
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30
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Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase inhibitors exerts anti-inflammatory activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114219. [PMID: 32931773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) has been reported to regulate the inflammatory response through the Ras/MAPK/AP-1 pathway. Nevertheless, the potential of ICMT inhibitors as therapeutic agents against inflammatory diseases has not been examined. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of two ICMT inhibitors, cysmethynil (CyM) and 3-methoxy-N-[2-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-phenyltetrahydropyran-4-yl)ethyl]aniline (MTPA), using in vitro analyses and in vivo analyses (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-GalN-triggered hepatitis and DSS-induced colitis mouse models). CyM and MTPA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE)2 and the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages without cytotoxicity. CyM also reduced AP-1-mediated luciferase activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and MyD88- and TRIF-expressing HEK293 cells. In addition, CyM and MTPA suppressed the translocation of Ras to the cell membrane and ER as well as phosphorylation of Ras-dependent AP-1 signaling molecules including Raf, MEK1/2, ERK p38, and JNK. Consistent with these results, CyM diminished the expression of inflammatory genes (COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), AP-1-Luc activity, and phosphorylation of Ras-mediated signaling enzymes in Ras-overexpressing HEK 293 cells. Moreover, CyM and MTPA ameliorated symptoms of hepatitis and colitis in mice and restrained the ICMT/Ras-dependent AP-1 pathway in inflammatory lesions of the mouse model systems. Taken together, our results indicate that CyM and MTPA alleviate the LPS-induced ICMT/Ras/AP-1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response as promising anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Cao K, Qian W, Xu Y, Zhou Z. Purification of Sesquiterpenes from Saussurea Lappa Roots by High Speed Counter Current Chromatography. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:1499-1507. [PMID: 32641958 PMCID: PMC6934979 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes lactones including costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, were isolated from Saussurea lappa roots, which had exhibited a wide range of biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and immunomodulatory activities. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was applied for the rapid preparative isolation of sesquiterpenes lactones from Saussurea lappa roots. A solvent optimization method for HSCCC was presented, i.e. the separation factors of compounds after the partition coefficient (K) of solvent system should be investigated. Using this method, 150 mg of costunolide, 140 mg of dehydrocostus and 15 mg of 10-methoxy-artemisinic acid with purities of 95%, 98%, and 98% were obtained within 150 min. The structures of three compounds were identified by mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These results offered an efficient strategy for separation of potentially health-relevant phytochemicals from Saussurea lappa roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cao
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering College, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China.,Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Techonlogy, Chongqing, 400030, P.R. China.,International Research and Development Center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, 400030, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China.,Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Techonlogy, Chongqing, 400030, P.R. China
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Cynara cardunculus L.: Outgoing and potential trends of phytochemical, industrial, nutritive and medicinal merits. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Luo G, Chen S, Yu J, Yuan J, Zheng L, Liu L, Chen B, Li J. Naphthalenones and Naphthols Isolated from the Saussurea laniceps Endophytic Fungus Didymella glomerata X223. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000315. [PMID: 32472579 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One new naphthalenone, didymelol A, and three new naphthols, didymelol B-D, together with three known naphthalenones, (3S,4R)-3,4,6-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, (4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, were isolated from the Saussurea laniceps endophytic fungus Didymella glomerata X223. The structures of the isolates were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configuration of didymelol A was established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and didymelols B-D were identified through comparisons of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-435 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyuan Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Senhua Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jianchen Yu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Southern Marine Science, Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Southern Marine Science, Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Oppedisano F, Muscoli C, Musolino V, Carresi C, Macrì R, Giancotta C, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Scarano F, Paone S, Nucera S, Zito MC, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Ragusa M, Palma E, Tavernese A, Mollace R, Bombardelli E, Mollace V. The Protective Effect of Cynara Cardunculus Extract in Diet-Induced NAFLD: Involvement of OCTN1 and OCTN2 Transporter Subfamily. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1435. [PMID: 32429274 PMCID: PMC7284543 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and insulin-resistance are often associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) thereby representing a true issue worldwide due to increased risk of developing cardiovascular and systemic disorders. Although clear evidence suggests that circulating fatty acids contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and hyperlipidemia, further studies are required to better identify potential beneficial approaches for counteracting such a disease. Recently, several artichoke extracts have been used for both reducing hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD, though the mechanism is unclear. Here we used a wild type of Cynara Cardunculus extract (CyC), rich in sesquiterpens and antioxidant active ingredients, in rats fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) compared to a Normal Fat Diet (NFD). In particular, in rats fed HFD for four consecutive weeks, we found a significant increase of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and serum glucose. This effect was accompanied by increased body weight and by histopathological features of liver steatosis. The alterations of metabolic parameters found in HFDs were antagonised dose-dependently by daily oral supplementation of rats with CyC 10 and 20 mg/kg over four weeks, an effect associated to significant improvement of liver steatosis. The effect of CyC (20 mg/kg) was also associated to enhanced expression of both OCTN1 and OCTN2 carnitine-linked transporters. Thus, present data suggest a contribution of carnitine system in the protective effect of CyC in diet-induced hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
- San Raffaele IRCCS, 00199 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Caterina Giancotta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
- San Raffaele IRCCS, 00199 Rome, Italy
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Abd El-Rahman GI, Behairy A, Elseddawy NM, Batiha GES, Hozzein WN, Khodeer DM, M. Abd-Elhakim Y. Saussurea lappa Ethanolic Extract Attenuates Triamcinolone Acetonide-Induced Pulmonary and Splenic Tissue Damage in Rats via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050396. [PMID: 32397156 PMCID: PMC7278611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this era, worldwide interest has been directed towards using natural antioxidants to guard against drug side effects. Saussurea lappa is a famous medicinal plant with many biologically active compounds. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is an extensively used glucocorticoid. Hence, this study explored, for the first time, the possible beneficial effects of S. lappa ethanolic extract on TA-induced oxidative damage in the lung and spleen of rats. Methods: Five experimental groups were used: control group, S. lappa-treated group (600 mg/kg/day, orally), TA-treated group (40 mg/kg/twice/week I/P), S. lappa + TA co-treated group, and S. lappa/TA prophylactic group. Results: TA exposure significantly induced leukocytosis and neutrophilia. In addition, TA significantly reduced the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor α, and immunoglobulins. Lung Caspase-3 overexpression and splenic CD8+ downregulation were also noted in the TA group. TA treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration but reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. S. lappa counteracted the TA oxidative and apoptotic effects. The best results were recorded in the prophylactic group. Conclusions:S. lappa has a remarkable protective effect via its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant capacity. Thus, it could be a candidate as a natural antioxidant to face glucocorticoid’s harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Nora M. Elseddawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519 Egypt;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Dina M. Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Thakur V, Bains S, Pathania S, Sharma S, Kaur R, Singh K. Comparative transcriptomics reveals candidate transcription factors involved in costunolide biosynthesis in medicinal plant-Saussurea lappa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:52-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhi K, Wang J, Zhao H, Yang X. Self-assembled small molecule natural product gel for drug delivery: a breakthrough in new application of small molecule natural products. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:913-927. [PMID: 32528837 PMCID: PMC7280148 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products, as a gift of nature to humanity, have long been used as drugs or pharmacological actives to help people cure various diseases. Yet we still know comparatively little about their ability to be materials. In recent years, some small molecule natural products isolated from traditional Chinese medicines have been found to have new features, namely, self-assembly to form gels (i.e., natural product gels, NPG). However, the application development of these natural products is seriously lacking, which greatly weakens their practical value and delays the maturity of the field. Here, a series of self-assembled triterpenoid natural products are used as materials (gel scaffolds) to construct drug delivery systems. Surprisingly, these NPG not only exhibit the excellent self-healing, controlled gelation, good safety and sustained release, but also achieve synergistic treatment of tumors through bioactive natural products. Compared with non-bioactive gel scaffolds, NPG scaffolds show great advantages in tumor therapy, including optimal tumor inhibition, preferable health, better body recovery, stronger immune function, less toxic side effects and longer survival. The successful construction of NPG scaffolds not only takes full advantage of the self-assembled natural products, but also takes an important step in the development of new applications for natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haitian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
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Hassan R, Masoodi MH. Saussurea lappa: A Comprehensive Review on its Pharmacological Activity and Phytochemistry. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190626144909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Around 3000 species of Saussurea are known, however Saussurea lappa Clarke
which is perennial herb and has been traditionally used as anticancer, anti-inflammatory,
antiviral, medicine without many adverse effects. Phytochemistry of Saussurea lappa after
thorough literature survey revealed various varied and copious metabolites such as sesquiterpenes,
flavonoids, phytosterols, lignans, terpenes. Many of these compounds have been
found to possess a wide range of biological activity such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory,
anti-hepatotoxic, anti-viral, etc. Among sesquiterpenes particularly Dehydrocostuslactone,
dihydrocostunolide, costunolide Lappadilactone, have been isolated as the main chemical
constituents. This review aims to cover published work from public databases (e.g. PubMed,
Google Scholar, ResearchGate) and Non-English, Ph.D./MS thesis databases (e.g. CKNIChina,
Jairo-Japan, Myto-Malaysia, Shodhganga-India) with a particular focus on
phytochemistry and therapeutic uses of different fractions as well as isolated compounds
from Saussurea lappa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan
- Natural Products Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Natural Products Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
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Zhi K, Wang J. Retracted Article: A self-assembled supramolecular natural product gel from liquidambaric acid in traditional Chinese medicine with inherent anti-inflammatory activity for drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:715-726. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular self-assembled natural product gel from liquidambaric acid in traditional Chinese medicine with inherent anti-inflammatory activity for drug delivery was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zhi
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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Kim SY, Heo S, Kim SH, Kwon M, Sung NJ, Ryu AR, Lee MY, Park SA, Youn HS. Suppressive effects of dehydrocostus lactone on the toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106075. [PMID: 31812722 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that are at the core of innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs activation triggers the activation of two downstream signaling pathways, the myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)- and toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent pathways. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of DHL, a natural sesquiterpene lactone derived from Inulahelenium L. and Saussurea lappa, we examined its effect on signal transduction via the TLR signaling pathways. DHL inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), the representative transcription factors involved in the inflammatory response, induced by TLR agonists, as well as the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and interferon inducible protein-10. DHL also inhibited the activation of NF-κB and IRF3 induced by the overexpression of downstream signaling components of the TLRs signaling pathways. All results suggest that DHL might become a new therapeutic drug for a variety of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghye Heo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ji Sung
- Department of Medical Science, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Ryu
- Department of Medical Science, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Youn
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, SoonChunHyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Barracosa P, Barracosa M, Pires E. Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900498. [PMID: 31778035 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardoon is a multi-purpose and versatile Mediterranean crop, adapted to climate change, with a wide spectrum of potential applications due its added value as a rich source of fibers, oils and bioactive compounds. The Cynara species are a component of the Mediterranean diet and have been used as food and medicine since ancient times. The important role of cardoon in human nutrition, as a functional food, is due to its high content of nutraceutical and bioactive compounds such as oligofructose inulin, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes lactones, triterpenes, fatty acids and aspartic proteases. The present review highlights the characteristics and functions of cardoon biomass which permits the development of innovative products in food and nutrition, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, plant protection and biocides, oils and energy, lignocellulose materials, and healthcare industries following the actual trends of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barracosa
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu - Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, 3500-606, Viseu, Portugal.,CI&DETS - Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barracosa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação -, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Euclides Pires
- Departamento Ciências da Vida - FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones Enhance Chemosensitivity of Tumor Cells through Redox Regulation of STAT3 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4568964. [PMID: 31781335 PMCID: PMC6855087 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4568964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates genes involved in cell cycle, cell survival, and immune response. Although STAT3 activation drives cells to physiological response, its deregulation is often associated with the development and progression of many solid and hematological tumors as well as with drug resistance. STAT3 is a redox-sensitive protein, and its activation state is related to intracellular GSH levels. Under oxidative conditions, STAT3 activity is regulated by S-glutathionylation, a reversible posttranslational modification of cysteine residues. Compounds able to suppress STAT3 activation and, on the other hand, to modulate intracellular redox homeostasis may potentially improve cancer treatment outcome. Nowadays, about 35% of commercial drugs are natural compounds that derive from plant extracts used in phytotherapy and traditional medicine. Sesquiterpene lactones are an interesting chemical group of plant-derived compounds often employed in traditional medicine against inflammation and cancer. This review focuses on sesquiterpene lactones able to downmodulate STAT3 signaling leading to an antitumor effect and correlates the anti-STAT3 activity with their ability to decrease GSH levels in cancer cells. These properties make them lead compounds for the development of a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ullah R, Mahmood HM, Parveen B, Rashid N, Sultana S, Shah SN, Lubna. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases in northern Pakistan. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:210. [PMID: 31409400 PMCID: PMC6693210 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin diseases are a major health concern especially in association with human immune deficiency syndrome and acquired an immune deficiency. The aim of this study was to document the ethnomedicinal information of plants used to treat skin diseases in Northern Pakistan. This is the first quantitative ethnobotanical study of therapeutic herbs utilized by the indigenous people of Northern Pakistan for skin diseases. Methods Interviews were taken to obtain information from 180 participants. Quantitative methods including fidelity level (FL), Frequency of citation (FC), Use-value (UV), Jaccard indices (JI), Family importance value (FIV), Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and Chi-square test were applied. Medicinal plants uses are also compared with 50 national and international publications. Results In this study, we recorded 106 plant species belonged to 56 floral families for treatment of skin ailments. The dominant life form reported was herb while the preferred method of utilization was powder, along with leaf as the most used plant part. RFC ranges from 0.07 to 0.25% whereas the highest FIV was recorded for family Pteridaceae. FL values range from 36.8 to 100%. The study reported 88% of new plant reports for the treatment of skin diseases. Conclusion The present study revealed the importance of several plants used to treat skin diseases by the local communities of Northern Pakistan. The available literature supported the evidence of plant dermatological properties. Plants having high UV and RFC can be considered for further scientific analysis. There is dire need to create awareness among local, government and scientific communities for the preservation of medicinal species and ethnomedicinal knowledge in Northern Pakistan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kamizela A, Gawdzik B, Urbaniak M, Lechowicz Ł, Białońska A, Kutniewska SE, Gonciarz W, Chmiela M. New γ-Halo- δ-lactones and δ-Hydroxy- γ-lactones with Strong Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101875. [PMID: 31096674 PMCID: PMC6572184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of γ -halo- δ -lactones, δ -iodo- γ -lactones and δ -hydroxy- γ -lactones from readily available organic substrates such as trans-crotonaldehyde and aryl bromides. Crystal structure analysis was carried out for lactones that were obtained in crystalline form. All halo- δ -lactones and δ -hydroxy- γ -lactones were highly cytotoxic against gastric cancer AGS cells with I C 50 values in the range of 0.0006-0.0044 mM. Some lactones showed high bactericidal activity against E. coli ATCC 8739 and S. aureus ATCC 65389, which reduced the number of CFU/mL by 70-83% and 87% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kamizela
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15 G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15 G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Urbaniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15 G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Lechowicz
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15 G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Ewa Kutniewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
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Song C, Hong YH, Park JG, Kim HG, Jeong D, Oh J, Sung GH, Hossain MA, Taamalli A, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho JY. Suppression of Src and Syk in the NF-κB signaling pathway by Olea europaea methanol extract is leading to its anti-inflammatory effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:38-46. [PMID: 30710734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Olea europaea L., (Oleaceae) has been used widely in folk medicine in the European Mediterranean islands, India, Asia, and other parts of the world. Although this plant has high ethnopharmacological value for treating inflammatory diseases, the molecular mechanisms of how it inhibits the inflammatory response are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using macrophages, we investigated the effects of O. europaea L. methanol extract (Oe-ME) and ethanol extract (Oe-EE) on the production of inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the expression levels of pro-inflammatory genes and intracellular inflammatory signaling activities. RESULTS Oe-ME and Oe-EE suppressed the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-), Pam3CSK4-, and poly (I:C)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells; importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed. Oe-ME and Oe-EE reduced production of PGE2 without exhibiting cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were down-regulated by Oe-ME and Oe-EE. Nuclear fraction and whole lysate immunoblotting analyses and overexpression experiments strongly suggested that Oe-ME decreased the translocation of p65 and p50 (nuclear factors of the NF-κB subunit) as well as Src and Syk. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Oe-ME exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by targeting Src and Syk in the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsang Oh
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amani Taamalli
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology-Technopole of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Liu T, Zhang J, Han X, Xu J, Wu Y, Fang J. Promotion of HeLa cells apoptosis by cynaropicrin involving inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and induction of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:216-226. [PMID: 30880248 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the highly mortal diseases globally. This is largely due to the lack of efficacious medicines for tumors, and thus development of potent anticancer agents is urgently needed. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is crucial to the survival ability of cells and its expression is up-regulated in many human tumors. Recently, increasing evidence has been established that mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a selenocysteine-containing protein and the core component of the thioredoxin system, is a promising therapeutic target. The sesquiterpene lactone compound cynaropicrin (CYN), a major component of Cynara scolymus L., has shown multiple pharmacological functions, especially the anticancer effect, in many experimental models. Most of these functions are concomitant with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, the target of this promising natural anticancer product in redox control has rarely been explored. In this study, we showed that CYN induces apoptosis of Hela cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that CYN impinges on the thioredoxin system via inhibition of TrxR, which leads to Trx oxidation and ROS accumulation in HeLa cells. Particularly, the cytotoxicity of CYN is enhanced through the genetic knockdown of TrxR, supporting the pharmacological effect of CYN is relevant to its inhibition of TrxR. Together, our studies reveal an unprecedented mechanism accounting for the anticancer effect of CYN and identify a promising therapeutic agent worthy of further development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine & Panjin Industrial Technology Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yueting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Juckmeta T, Pipatrattanaseree W, Jaidee W, Dechayont B, Chunthorng-Orn J, Andersen RJ, Itharat A. Cytotoxicity to Five Cancer Cell Lines of the Respiratory Tract System and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Thai Traditional Remedy. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19845815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A Thai traditional remedy called Benchalokawichian (BLW) consists of 5 plant species, Ficus racemosa, Capparis micracantha, Clerodendrum petasites, Harrisonia perforata, and Tiliacora triandra. It has long been used in Thai traditional medicine to reduce fever in respiratory tract infection, but there is no report on either cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines of the respiratory tract system or anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, the objectives of this research were to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic and water extracts of BLW, its single plant ingredients and its isolated compounds against 5 cancer cell lines of the respiratory tract, by SRB assay. Anti-inflammatory activity of all extracts and compounds was also tested by using lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. The main compounds were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared with BLW and plant ingredients. A major compound of BLW and H. perforata ethanolic extracts is perforatic acid, which inhibited the growth of 2 lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H226, with IC50 values of 6.7 and 13.2 µg/mL. The ethanolic extract of BLW and T. triandra showed cytotoxic activity against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 10.1 to 45.2 µg/mL. In contrast, all EtOH extracts showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity, but the water extract had no inhibitory effect on either activity. Pectolinarigenin and O-methyllaloptaeroxyrin, 2 minor compounds, exhibited NO inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 7.1 and 7.9 µg/mL, respectively, whereas perforatic acid was inactive (>50 µg/mL). Moreover, pectolinarigenin showed high cytotoxic activity against all cancer cell lines of the respiratory system with IC50 values in the range of 1.9 to 9.1 µg/mL. As a result, these 2 minor compounds can be used as markers for quality control of BLW for anti-inflammatory activity. Perforatic acid and pectolinarigenin are of interest for further study on their cytotoxic mechanism. Remarkably, T. triandra, one of the plant components of BLW, is possibly the source of the active cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thana Juckmeta
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Pipatrattanaseree
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Jaidee
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Bhanuz Dechayont
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jitpisute Chunthorng-Orn
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Li J, Yoshida Y, Kurita M, Usuki T. Cynaropicrin and inhibition of NF-κB activation: A structure activity relationship study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1518-1521. [PMID: 30987894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cynaropicrin is a guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone with a 5-7-5 tricyclic skeleton, four exo-olefins, and two hydroxyl groups. This natural product has various biological activities including anti-inflammatory properties and antitrypanosomal activity. It was also found to suppress photoaging of the skin by inhibiting the transcription activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In this paper, nine chemical derivatives of cynaropicrin were prepared, and the structure activity relationship (SAR) study for NF-κB inhibition by measuring relative light units (RLU) was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshida
- Adjusted Cell Experiment Laboratory Inc, 5-4-30 Nishi-Hashimoto, Midori-ku, Sagamihara 252-0131, Japan
| | - Manami Kurita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.
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Rosselli S, Maggio AM, Raccuglia RA, Simmonds MSJ, Arnold NA, Bruno M. Guaianolides from the Aerial Parts of Centaurea Hololeuca. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven guaianolides were isolated from the acetone extract of the aerial parts of Centaurea hololeuca Boiss. The antifeedant activity of the natural compounds (1–7) and of four chloro derivatives (8–11), synthesized from repin (1) and janerin (3) were tested against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Cebellin J (6) and chlorojanerin (11) showed significant antifeedant activity at 100 ppm, whereas at this concentration cebellin G (4) and 15-deschloro-15-hydroxychlorojanerin (7) stimulated feeding. Cebellin G (4) stimulated larvae of S. littoralis to feed at low concentration, but deterred feeding at high concentrations. The addition of chlorine to repin (1) resulted in an increase in antifeedant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosselli
- Dipartimento Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Maria Maggio
- Dipartimento Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Raccuglia
- Dipartimento Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nelly A. Arnold
- Università du Saint Esprit, Facultè de Agronomie, Kaslik, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Dipartimento Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Meng Z, Si CY, Teng S, Yu XH, Li HY. Tanshinone IIA inhibits lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory responses through the TLR4/TAK1/NF‑κB signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1847-1858. [PMID: 30816448 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To aim of the present study was to determine whether Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rats and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. VSMCs were primarily cultured and then treated with LPS (1 µg/l) and Tan IIA (25, 50 and 100 µmol/l) for 24 h. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‑1, interleukin (IL)‑6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α levels were detected by ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using the Griess reaction. The expression of Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB (p65), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor‑β‑activated kinase 1 (TAK1) were detected by western blot analysis. Tan IIA inhibited the LPS‑induced expression of MCP‑1, IL‑6, and TNF‑α in a concentration‑dependent manner and inhibited iNOS‑mediated NO production. In addition, Tan IIA suppressed the expression of TLR4, the phosphorylation of TAK1, and the nuclear translocation of NF‑κB (p65). The anti‑TLR4 antibody and TAK1 inhibitor 5Z‑7‑oxozeaenol partially attenuated the LPS‑induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Tan IIA inhibits LPS‑induced inflammatory responses in VSMCs in vitro through the partial suppression of the TLR4/TAK1/NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ying Si
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Teng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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