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Khoramipour K, Rezaei MH, Moslemizadeh A, Hosseini MS, Ebrahimnezhad N, Bashiri H. Changes in the hippocampal level of tau but not beta-amyloid may mediate anxiety-like behavior improvement ensuing from exercise in diabetic female rats. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2024; 20:9. [PMID: 38702776 PMCID: PMC11067136 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive behaviors in female rats with a high-fat diet + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-four female rats were divided into four groups randomly (n = 6): control (C), control + exercise (Co + EX), diabetes mellitus (type 2) (T2D), and diabetes mellitus + exercise (T2D + EX). Diabetes was induced by a two-month high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) in the T2D and T2D + EX groups. The Co + EX and T2D + EX groups performed HIIT for eight weeks (five sessions per week, running on a treadmill at 80-100% of VMax, 4-10 intervals). Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were used for assessing anxiety-like behaviors, and passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied for evaluating learning and memory. The hippocampal levels of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau were also assessed using Western blot. RESULTS An increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG), hippocampal level of Tau, and a decrease in the percentage of open arm time (%OAT) as an index of anxiety-like behavior were seen in the female diabetic rats which could be reversed by HIIT. In addition, T2D led to a significant decrease in rearing and grooming in the OFT. No significant difference among groups was seen for the latency time in the PAT and learning and memory in the MWM. CONCLUSIONS HIIT could improve anxiety-like behavior at least in part through changes in hippocampal levels of Tau.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- tau Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/psychology
- Anxiety/therapy
- Anxiety/psychology
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- High-Intensity Interval Training/methods
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Khoramipour
- Student Research Committee, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Hossein Rezaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narjes Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Ozdamar Unal G, Kumbul D, Hekimler Ozturk K, Erkılınc G, Donmez F, Dogan Kıran E, Yuceer RO. The effect of Vortioxetine on the NLRP3 pathway and microglial activity in the prefrontal cortex in an experimental model of depression. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:264-275. [PMID: 38284357 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2308268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that early life stress (ELS) and neuroinflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Vortioxetine (VOR), a novel antidepressant, on ELS-induced behavioral changes and neuroinflammation. METHOD Wistar Albino 4-week-old male rats were divided into four groups: control; chronic unpredictable stress (CUMS), VOR, CUMS + VOR. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed on the first, 21st, and 42nd days. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of P2X7, NLRP3, IL1β, IL18 in the prefrontal cortex. To assess the microglial activities of the prefrontal cortex, immunohistochemically stained CD68, and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) preparations were scanned with Manual WSI software, Basler camera, and scored. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Exposure to CUMS was associated with depression and anxiety-like behaviors, and administration of VOR led to improvement in these behaviors. NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 were shown to be upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of CUMS rats, while their high expression was inhibited by VOR treatment. CD68 and LCA expressions were significantly higher in the CUMS group compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION According to these results, it may be considered that NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammatory response and microglial activation may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulin Ozdamar Unal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kuyas Hekimler Ozturk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gamze Erkılınc
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Feyza Donmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Kutahya Health Sciences University Research Information System, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Eltaf Dogan Kıran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Lee D, Woo CW, Heo H, Ko Y, Jang JS, Na S, Kim N, Woo DC, Kim KW, Lee DW. Mapping Changes in Glutamate with Glutamate-Weighted MRI in Forced Swim Test Model of Depression in Rats. Biomedicines 2024; 12:384. [PMID: 38397986 PMCID: PMC10887078 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer with glutamate (GluCEST) imaging is a novel technique for the non-invasive detection and quantification of cerebral Glu levels in neuromolecular processes. Here we used GluCEST imaging and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to assess in vivo changes in Glu signals within the hippocampus in a rat model of depression induced by a forced swim test. The forced swimming test (FST) group exhibited markedly reduced GluCEST-weighted levels and Glu concentrations when examined using 1H MRS in the hippocampal region compared to the control group (GluCEST-weighted levels: 3.67 ± 0.81% vs. 5.02 ± 0.44%, p < 0.001; and Glu concentrations: 6.560 ± 0.292 μmol/g vs. 7.133 ± 0.397 μmol/g, p = 0.001). Our results indicate that GluCEST imaging is a distinctive approach to detecting and monitoring Glu levels in a rat model of depression. Furthermore, the application of GluCEST imaging may provide a deeper insight into the neurochemical involvement of glutamate in various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah P.O. Box 1626, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yousun Ko
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Sung Jang
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (J.S.J.); (S.N.)
| | - Seongwon Na
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (J.S.J.); (S.N.)
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Do-Wan Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
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Calisir M, Yilmaz O, Kolatan HE, Sezgin AK. EFFECTS OF LITTER SIZE AND CAGING ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN RATS. Physiol Behav 2023; 267:114200. [PMID: 37075964 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
As a multidisciplinary field, laboratory animal science promotes or accelerates the emergence of innovative ideas and products. As research has increased, so has the demand for laboratory animals with reliable, standardized characteristics. Thus, the breeding, reproduction, and welfare of laboratory animals are now animals reliable and more. The aim of this study to investigate whether different litter sizes of mothers and different husbandry methods affect the physical and mental development of pups. 30 adults female Wistar Hanover albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for the study. The weight of the pups was measured once a week from birth until the end of the study, and their physical development was observed. After the pups were weaned, they were randomly divided into cages by sex. The 45 male and 45 female pups were housed in groups of three, five, and seven per cage. When the pups were 12 weeks old, open field test, elevated plus-maze test and Morris water maze behavioral tests were performed every other day, and then plasma corticosterone levels were measured. When the male and female pups in the groups were 14 weeks old, six females were taken from each housing group and mated, and the conception rates and maternal behavior of the pups were observed. During lactation, physical developmental parameters and the body weight of the rats were affected by litter size. Among the post-weaning housing groups, cage density was found to affect weight gain and body weight between groups. It was found that only the sex factor caused significant differences in the behavior of the animals. Females housed with seven rats per cage had higher corticosteroid levels than other females. As a result, it was observed that cages with seven female rats were more physically and psychologically affected than those with three and five rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Calisir
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hatice Efsun Kolatan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kocak Sezgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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Hernández-Arrambide PE, Carrasco-Carballo A, Parra I, Chamorro-Arenas D, Martínez I, Luna F, Sartillo-Piscil F, Tizabi Y, Mendieta L. Antidepressant and Neuroprotective Effects of 3-Hydroxy Paroxetine, an Analog of Paroxetine in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:230-239. [PMID: 36433759 PMCID: PMC10032298 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxetine (PX) is a widely used antidepressant with side effects such as weakness, dizziness, and trouble sleeping. In search of novel compounds with better efficacy and fewer side effects, we synthesized 3HPX, a hydroxylated analog of PX, and compared the 2 in silico for their pharmacokinetic and binding properties and in vivo for their antidepressant and potential neuroprotective effects. METHODS In silico studies compared pharmacological properties as well as interactions of PX and 3HPX with the serotonin transporter. In vivo studies utilized an animal model of comorbid depression-Parkinson disease. Adult male Wistar rats were injected (sterotaxically) with lipopolysaccharide in the striatum (unilaterally), followed by 14 days of once-daily injections (i.p.) of 10 mg/kg PX or 3HPX. Animals were tested for motor asymmetry and locomotor activity as well as indices of anhedonia and helplessness using sucrose preference and forced swim tests, respectively. Brains of these animals were collected after the last test, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta and Iba-1-positive stained microglia in ipsilateral striatum were measured. RESULTS In silico findings indicated that 3HPX could bind stronger to serotonin transporter and also have a better clearance and hence less toxicity compared with PX. In vivo results revealed a more effective reversal of immobility in the swim test, substantial increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and more ramified Iba-1+ cells by 3HPX compared with PX. CONCLUSION The findings suggest superior effectiveness of 3HPX as an antidepressant and neuroprotectant compared with PX and hence potential utility in Parkinson disease depression co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Carrasco-Carballo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irving Parra
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Delfino Chamorro-Arenas
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Félix Luna
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fernando Sartillo-Piscil
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Wang B, Shi H, Ren L, Miao Z, Wan B, Yang H, Fan X, Gustafsson JA, Sun M, Xu X. Ahi1 regulates serotonin production by the GR/ERβ/TPH2 pathway involving sexual differences in depressive behaviors. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:74. [PMID: 35643536 PMCID: PMC9148486 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases. The monoamine transmitter theory suggests that neurotransmitters are involved in the mechanism of depression; however, the regulation on serotonin production is still unclear. We previously showed that Ahi1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited depression-like behavior accompanied by a significant decrease in brain serotonin. METHODS In the present study, western blot, gene knockdown, immunofluorescence, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and rescue assay were used to detect changes in the Ahi1/GR/ERβ/TPH2 pathway in the brains of male stressed mice and male Ahi1 KO mice to explain the pathogenesis of depression-like behaviors. In addition, E2 levels in the blood and brain of male and female mice were measured to investigate the effect on the ERβ/TPH2 pathway and to reveal the mechanisms for the phenomenon of gender differences in depression-like behaviors. RESULTS We found that the serotonin-producing pathway-the ERβ/TPH2 pathway was inhibited in male stressed mice and male Ahi1 KO mice. We further demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a transcription factor bound to the promoter of ERβ that contains glucocorticoid response elements and inhibited the transcription of ERβ. Our recent study had indicated that Ahi1 regulates the nuclear translocation of GR upon stress, thus proposing the Ahi1/GR/ERβ/TPH2 pathway for serotonin production. Interestingly, female Ahi1 KO mice did not exhibit depressive behaviors, indicating sexual differences in depressive behaviors compared with male mice. Furthermore, we found that serum 17β-estradiol (E2) level was not changed in male and female mice; however, brain E2 level significantly decreased in male but not female Ahi1 KO mice. Further, ERβ agonist LY-500307 increased TPH2 expression and 5-HT production. Therefore, both Ahi1 and E2 regulate the ERβ/TPH2 pathway and involve sexual differences in brain serotonin production and depressive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, although it is unclear how Ahi1 controls E2 secretion in the brain, our findings demonstrate that Ahi1 regulates serotonin production by the GR/ERβ/TPH2 pathway in the brain and possibly involves the regulation on sex differences in depressive behaviors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan-Ake Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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Pitzer C, Kurpiers B, Eltokhi A. Sex Differences in Depression-Like Behaviors in Adult Mice Depend on Endophenotype and Strain. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:838122. [PMID: 35368297 PMCID: PMC8969904 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.838122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression affects women nearly twice as frequently as men. In contrast, rodent models of depression have shown inconsistent results regarding sex bias, often reporting more depression-like behaviors in males. This sex discrepancy in rodents modeling depression may rely on differences in the baseline activity of males and females in depression-related behavioral tests. We previously showed that the baseline despair and anhedonia behaviors, major endophenotypes of depression, are not sex biased in young adolescent wild-type mice of C57BL/6N, DBA/2, and FVB/N strains. Since the prevalence of depression in women peaks in their reproductive years, we here investigated sex differences of the baseline depression-like behaviors in adult mice using these three strains. Similar to the results in young mice, no difference was found between adult male and female mice in behavioral tests measuring despair in both tail suspension and forced swim tests, and anhedonia in the sucrose preference test. We then extended our study and tested apathy, another endophenotype of depression, using the splash test. Adult male and female mice showed significantly different results in the baseline apathy-like behaviors depending on the investigated strain. This study dissects the complex sex effects of different depression endophenotypes, stresses the importance of considering strain, and puts forward a hypothesis of the inconsistency of results between different laboratories investigating rodent models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Claudia Pitzer,
| | - Barbara Kurpiers
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Ahmed Eltokhi,
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Female-specific role of ciliary neurotrophic factor in the medial amygdala in promoting stress responses. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 17:100435. [PMID: 35146079 PMCID: PMC8819478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is produced by astrocytes which have been implicated in regulating stress responses. We found that CNTF in the medial amygdala (MeA) promotes despair or passive coping, i.e., immobility in an acute forced swim stress, in female mice, while having no effect in males. Neutralizing CNTF antibody injected into the MeA of wildtype females reduced activation of downstream STAT3 (Y705) 24 and 48 h later. In concert, the antibody reduced immobility in the swim test in females and only after MeA injection, but not when injected in the central or basolateral amygdala. Antibody injected into the male MeA did not affect immobility. These data reveal a unique role of CNTF in female MeA in promoting despair or passive coping behavior. Moreover, 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) increased immobility in the swim test and reduced sucrose preference in wildtype CNTF+/+, but not CNTF−/− littermate, females. Following CUS, 10 min of restraint stress increased plasma corticosterone levels only in CNTF+/+ females. In males, the CUS effects were present in both genotypes. Further, CUS increased CNTF expression in the MeA of female, but not male, mice. CUS did not alter CNTF in the female hippocampus, hypothalamus and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. This suggests that MeA CNTF has a female-specific role in promoting CUS-induced despair or passive coping, behavioral anhedonia and neuroendocrine responses. Compared to CNTF+/+ mice, CNTF−/− mice did not show differences in CUS-induced anxiety-like behavior and sensorimotor gating function as measured by elevated T-Maze, open field and pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. Together, this study reveals a novel CNTF-mediated female-specific mechanism in stress responses and points to opportunities for developing treatments for stress-related disorders in women. CNTF in the MeA promotes despair or passive coping behavior in female mice only. Chronic stress upregulates CNTF in female but not male MeA. CNTF contributes to chronic stress-induced despair or passive coping, anhedonia and neuroendocrine responses in females only. CNTF does not affect anxiety-like behavior and sensorimotor gating function. These data reveal a novel CNTF-mediated female-specific mechanism in stress responses.
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Melatonin Ameliorates Corticosterone-Mediated Oxidative Stress-Induced Colitis in Sleep-Deprived Mice Involving Gut Microbiota. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9981480. [PMID: 34257825 PMCID: PMC8246302 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9981480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a result of a complex interplay, making development of a specific treatment a challenging task. Corticosterone was considered a risk factor of stress relative enteritis. Our previous studies found that melatonin exerts an improvement effect in sleep deprivation (SD)- induced corticosterone overproduction and colitis. A present study further explored the mechanism whereby melatonin prevented corticosterone-mediated SD-induced colitis. Methods A 72-hour SD mouse model with or without melatonin supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to investigate the core role of corticosterone in melatonin-mediated gut microbiota improving SD-induced colitis. Further, corticosterone-treated mice were assessed to the effect of melatonin on corticosterone-mediated gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced colitis. Meanwhile, an in vitro test studied modulatory mechanism of metabolite melatonin. Results SD caused an excessive corticosterone, gut microbiota disorder and colitis phenotype. Similarly, corticosterone-supplemented mice also exhibited gut microbiota dysbiosis and colitis, and the FMT from SD-mice to normal mice could restore the SD-like colitis, but no change in the corticosterone level, which suggested that corticosterone-mediated intestinal microbiota imbalance plays a central role in SD-induced colitis. Further, we demonstrated melatonin-mediated MT2 weakened GR feedback, suppressed oxidative stress, restored the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites homeostasis, and inactivated the STAT3/AP-1/NF-κB pathway-induced inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions We revealed that excessive corticosterone is a core risk factor for SD-induced colitis and provided a better understanding of the effects of melatonin, expected to be a personalized targeted therapy drug, on corticosterone-mediated gut microbiota inducing colitis.
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Petrie GN, Nastase AS, Aukema RJ, Hill MN. Endocannabinoids, cannabinoids and the regulation of anxiety. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108626. [PMID: 34116110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis has been used for hundreds of years, with its ability to dampen feelings of anxiety often reported as a primary reason for use. Only recently has the specific role cannabinoids play in anxiety been thoroughly investigated. Here we discuss the body of evidence describing how endocannabinoids and exogenous cannabinoids are capable of regulating the generation and termination of anxiety states. Disruption of the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system following genetic manipulation, pharmacological intervention or stress exposure reliably leads to the generation of an anxiety state. On the other hand, upregulation of eCB signaling is capable of alleviating anxiety-like behaviors in multiple paradigms. When considering exogenous cannabinoid administration, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) agonists have a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on anxiety such that low doses are anxiolytic while high doses are anxiogenic, a phenomenon that is evident in both rodent models and humans. Translational studies investigating a loss of function mutation in the gene for fatty acid amide hydrolase, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing AEA, have also shown that AEA signaling regulates anxiety in humans. Taken together, evidence reviewed here has outlined a convincing argument for cannabinoids being powerful regulators of both the manifestation and amelioration of anxiety symptoms, and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the eCB system for the development of novel classes of anxiolytics. This article is part of the special issue on 'Cannabinoids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin N Petrie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andrei S Nastase
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Robert J Aukema
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Ivanova N, Nenchovska Z, Atanasova M, Laudon M, Mitreva R, Tchekalarova J. Chronic Piromelatine Treatment Alleviates Anxiety, Depressive Responses and Abnormal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Prenatally Stressed Male and Female Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2257-2272. [PMID: 34003403 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal stress (PNS) model in rodents can induce different abnormal responses that replicate the pathophysiology of depression. We applied this model to evaluate the efficacy of piromelatine (Pir), a novel melatonin analog developed for the treatment of insomnia, in male and female offspring. Adult PNS rats from both sexes showed comparable disturbance associated with high levels of anxiety and depressive responses. Both males and females with PNS demonstrated impaired feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis compared to the intact offspring and increased glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. However, opposite to female offspring, the male PNS rats showed an increased expression of mineralocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. Piromelatine (20 mg/kg, i.p., for 21 days injected from postnatal day 60) attenuated the high anxiety level tested in the open field, elevated plus-maze and light-dark test, and depressive-like behavior in the sucrose preference and the forced swimming tests in a sex-specific manner. The drug reversed to control level stress-induced increase of plasma corticosterone 120 min later in both sexes. Piromelatine also corrected to control level the PNS-induced alterations of corticosteroid receptors only in male offspring. Our findings suggest that the piromelatine treatment exerts beneficial effects on impaired behavioral responses and dysregulated HPA axis in both sexes, while it corrects the PNS-induced changes in the hippocampal corticosteroid receptors only in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Zlatina Nenchovska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Atanasova
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, 5800, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Moshe Laudon
- Drug Discovery, Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rumyana Mitreva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Lamtai M, Azirar S, Zghari O, Ouakki S, El Hessni A, Mesfioui A, Ouichou A. Melatonin Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Affective and Cognitive Impairments and Hippocampal Oxidative Stress in Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1445-1455. [PMID: 32613486 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to evaluate the effect of melatonin (Mel) on affective and cognitive disorders induced by chronic exposure to Cadmium (Cd). Male and female Wistar rats received either an intraperitoneal injection of saline solution NaCl (0.9%), Mel (4 mg/kg), Cd (1 mg/kg), or Cd (1 mg/kg) + Mel (4 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Behavioral disorders were evaluated by different tests mainly the open field and elevated plus maze tests for anxiety-like behavior, forced swimming test (FST) for depression-like behavior, and the Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests for cognitive disorders. Thereafter, oxidative stress indices and histology of the hippocampus were evaluated. The results confirm that Cd administration has anxiogenic-like effects in both anxiety tests and depressive-like effects in the FST and leads to memory and learning disabilities in the Y-maze and MWM. We also report that Mel counteracts these neurobehavioral disorders. Biochemical assays showed that rats intoxicated with Cd significantly increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), while the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus. In contrast, Mel administration attenuates the Cd-induced changes. The histopathological studies in the hippocampus of rats also supported that Mel markedly reduced the Cd-induced neuronal loss in CA3 sub-region. Overall, our results suggest that Mel could be used to protect against Cd-induced neurobehavioral changes via its antioxidant properties in the hippocampus. The effects of Cd and Mel are sex-dependent, knowing that Cd is more harmful in males, while Mel is more protective in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouloud Lamtai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco.
| | - Sofia Azirar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Oussama Zghari
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Sihame Ouakki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Ali Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
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Chronic lithium exposure attenuates ketamine-induced mania-like behavior and c-Fos expression in the forebrain of mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 202:173108. [PMID: 33450292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, a dissociative anaesthetic, has been used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) as a rapid acting antidepressant drug. Recent studies have shown that ketamine may increase the potential risk of treatment-induced mania in MDD patients. Lithium is a well-known mood stabilizer and has been widely used for the treatment of mania. It is not fully understood which forebrain regions are involved in ketamine- and lithium-induced expression of c-Fos. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of chronic lithium treatment on mania-like behavior and c-Fos expression in the mouse forebrain activated by a single administration of ketamine. In the open field test, our results showed that ketamine significantly increased the total distance and total cumulative duration of movement in mice, while chronic lithium could attenuate these effects of ketamine. In addition, acute ketamine induced higher c-Fos expression in the lateral septal nucleus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus of mice in the treatment group compared to those in the control group. However, chronic lithium inhibited the significant increase in c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons following acute ketamine administration in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, field CA1 of the hippocampus, dorsal subiculum, ventral subiculum, ventral subiculum, central amygdaloid nucleus and basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. In summary, our research shows that pretreatment with lithium moderates the effects of acute ketamine administration on mania-like behavior and c-Fos expression in the forebrain. These findings could be helpful in better understanding the episodes of mania related to ketamine treatment for MDD and bipolar disorder.
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Lamtai M, Ouakki S, Zghari O, Hamzaoui AE, Benmhammed H, Azirar S, Hessni AE, Mesfioui A, Ouichou A. Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on nickel-induced affective and cognitive disorders and oxidative damage in rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2021; 35:e2020025-0. [PMID: 33434425 PMCID: PMC7829405 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work is carried out to explore the neuroprotective potential of Melatonin(Mel), on Ni-induced neurobehavioral, biochemical and histological alterations in male and female rats. The rats were intraperitoneally administered by nickel chloride (NiCl2, 1 mg/kg) and Mel (4 mg/kg) for 60 days. A neurobehavioral assessment was performed. Biochemical determinations of oxidative stress (OS) levels, and histological analysis of hippocampal tissues were also performed. Results showed that Nickel (Ni) treatment increased anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in rats. Besides, cognitive behavior on the Morris water maze was compromised following Ni treatment. Alongside this, Ni elevated hippocampal OS markers like lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide formation with a decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Histological observations confirmed these results. Significantly, Mel administration alleviated neurobehavioral changes in Ni-treated rats of both genders. Also, Mel attenuated Ni-induced OS and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The histopathological studies in the hippocampus supported that Mel markedly reduced the Ni-induced neuronal loss. In conclusion, this study suggests that Mel has a neuroprotective effect against Ni-induced neurobehavioral alterations, which may be related to lowering OS in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouloud Lamtai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Sihame Ouakki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Oussama Zghari
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelghafour El Hamzaoui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Hajar Benmhammed
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Sofia Azirar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ali Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
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Xanthotoxin affects depression-related behavior and neurotransmitters content in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:112985. [PMID: 33144177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate xanthotoxin's influence on male and female Swiss mice's depression-like behaviors and investigate the potential mechanism of this effect. Naturally derived furanocoumarin (the Apiaceae family), xanthotoxin, administered acutely (12.5 mg/kg), diminished the immobility level in the forced swim test only in males. The immobility level was lower in females than males, which may be associated with a higher serotonin level in the female prefrontal cortex. A dose-dependent increase of serotonin and noradrenaline was reported in the reverse-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography in the female prefrontal cortex but not in the hippocampus. We suggest that xanthotoxin may exert antidepressant properties and affect males and females differently. The increasing level of serotonin in the male and female prefrontal cortex may underlie this effect.
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Genario R, Giacomini AC, de Abreu MS, Marcon L, Demin KA, Kalueff AV. Sex differences in adult zebrafish anxiolytic-like responses to diazepam and melatonin. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Barbosa-Méndez S, Salazar-Juarez A. Melatonin does not produce sedation in rats: A chronobiological study. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:353-374. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1702554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Barbosa-Méndez
- Molecular Neurobiology and Neurochemistry of Addiction, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alberto Salazar-Juarez
- Molecular Neurobiology and Neurochemistry of Addiction, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Ciudad de México, México
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Doguc DK, Deniz F, İlhan İ, Ergonul E, Gultekin F. Prenatal exposure to artificial food colorings alters NMDA receptor subunit concentrations in rat hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:784-794. [PMID: 31679476 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1681065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to artificial food color additives (AFCAs) has been implicated in the etiology of certain childhood hyperactivity and learning disabilities. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) are involved in learning and memory. We administered a mixture of AFCAs (erythrosine, ponceau 4R, allura red AC, sunset yellow FCF, tartrazine, amaranth, brilliant blue, azorubine, and indigotine) to female rats during gestation to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to AFCAs on neurobehavior, spatial learning, and memory in their offspring. We also investigated whether AFCAs modulate NR2A, NR2B, and α7 nAChR protein levels in their offsprings' hippocampi. Although spatial learning and memory were not altered, the offspring of rats exposed to AFCAs exhibited decreased motivation and increased despair-related behavior. NR2A and NR2B protein levels were significantly reduced in female offspring in the experimental group (p < 0.05), whereas α7 nAChR level was not significantly altered. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to AFCAs may lead to sex-dependent alterations in glutamatergic signaling which may continue into adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kumbul Doguc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Deniz
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Atatürk Government Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İlter İlhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esin Ergonul
- Department of Medical Education, Medical School, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gultekin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
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19
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Bruijnzeel AW, Knight P, Panunzio S, Xue S, Bruner MM, Wall SC, Pompilus M, Febo M, Setlow B. Effects in rats of adolescent exposure to cannabis smoke or THC on emotional behavior and cognitive function in adulthood. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2773-2784. [PMID: 31044291 PMCID: PMC6752736 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabis use is common among adolescents and some research suggests that adolescent cannabis use increases the risk for depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments in adulthood. In human studies, however, confounds may affect the association between cannabis use and the development of brain disorders. OBJECTIVES These experiments investigated the effects of adolescent exposure to either cannabis smoke or THC on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and cognitive performance in adulthood in Long-Evans rats. METHODS Adolescent rats of both sexes were exposed to either cannabis smoke from postnatal days (P) 29-49 or ascending doses of THC from P35-45. When the rats reached adulthood (P70), anxiety-like behavior was investigated in the large open field and elevated plus maze, depressive-like behavior in the sucrose preference and forced swim tests, and cognitive function in the novel object recognition test. RESULTS Despite sex differences on some measures in the open field, elevated plus maze, forced swim, and novel object recognition tests, there were no effects of either adolescent cannabis smoke or THC exposure, and only relatively subtle interactions between exposure conditions and sex, such that sex differences on some performance measures were slightly attenuated. CONCLUSION Neither cannabis smoke nor THC exposure during adolescence produced robust alterations in adult behavior after a period of abstinence, suggesting that adverse effects associated with adolescent cannabis use might be due to non-cannabinoid concomitants of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Parker Knight
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stefany Panunzio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Matthew M Bruner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shannon C Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Marjory Pompilus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Riparin II ameliorates corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice: Role of antioxidant and neurotrophic mechanisms. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Guo L, Chen YX, Hu YT, Wu XY, He Y, Wu JL, Huang ML, Mason M, Bao AM. Sex hormones affect acute and chronic stress responses in sexually dimorphic patterns: Consequences for depression models. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 95:34-42. [PMID: 29793095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in peripheral sex hormones may play an important role in sex differences in terms of stress responses and mood disorders. It is not yet known whether and how stress-related brain systems and brain sex steroid levels fluctuate in relation to changes in peripheral sex hormone levels, or whether the different sexes show different patterns. We aimed to investigate systematically, in male and female rats, the effect of decreased circulating sex hormone levels following gonadectomy on acute and chronic stress responses, manifested as changes in plasma and hypothalamic sex steroids and hypothalamic stress-related molecules. METHOD Experiment (Exp)-1: Rats (14 males, 14 females) were gonadectomized or sham-operated (intact); Exp-2: gonadectomized and intact rats (28 males, 28 females) were exposed to acute foot shock or no stressor; and Exp-3: gonadectomized and intact rats (32 males, 32 females) were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or no stressor. For all rats, plasma and hypothalamic testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and the expression of stress-related molecules were determined, including corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin, oxytocin, aromatase, and the receptors for estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. RESULTS Surprisingly, no significant correlation was observed in terms of plasma sex hormones, brain sex steroids, and hypothalamic stress-related molecule mRNAs (p > 0.113) in intact or gonadectomized, male or female, rats. Male and female rats, either intact or gonadectomized and exposed to acute or chronic stress, showed different patterns of stress-related molecule changes. CONCLUSION Diminished peripheral sex hormone levels lead to different peripheral and central patterns of change in the stress response systems in male and female rats. This has implications for the choice of models for the study of the different types of mood disorders which also show sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Yi-Xi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Yu-Ting Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Xue-Yan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Juan-Li Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Man-Li Huang
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Matthew Mason
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, KNAW, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China.
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Male rats with same-sex preference show higher immobility in the forced swim test, but similar effects of fluoxetine and desipramine than males that prefer females. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 171:39-45. [PMID: 29807066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sex preference in male rats is partly determined by the organizational action of estradiol. Thus, several paradigms have used aromatase inhibitors to manipulate sex preference. We recently showed that a subpopulation of male rats prenatally treated with letrozole (0.56 μg/kg, G10-G22), a non-steroidal third generation aromatase inhibitor, had same-sex preference, female sexual behavior (including lordosis and proceptivity) and penile erections when exposed to other males. These males, in addition, displayed high levels of experimental anxiety in the plus maze test and were insensitive to the anxiogenic-like acute effect of FLX (10 mg/kg). The two main purposes of the present work were: a) to study the behavioral profile of males displaying same-sex preference in the forced swim test (FST), and b) to analyze if the antidepressant-like effect of the subchronic treatment with FLX (10 mg/kg, 3 times) or desipramine (DMI, 10 mg/kg, 3 times) vary according to sex preference. Males treated prenatally with letrozole with same-sex preference showed more immobility and less active behaviors (swimming and climbing) in the FST than males with female preference. Subchronic treatment with FLX and DMI reduced immobility when compared to saline controls, while FLX increased swimming and DMI increased climbing behavior. Treatments were equally effective in males with preference for other males and those that preferred females. These results indicate that an association exists between prenatal letrozole treatment, same-sex preference and immobility in the FST.
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Rebai R, Jasmin L, Boudah A. The antidepressant effect of melatonin and fluoxetine in diabetic rats is associated with a reduction of the oxidative stress in the prefrontal and hippocampal cortices. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:142-150. [PMID: 28746841 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years possible mechanisms that link diabetes and depression have been found. One of these mechanisms is the increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidant activity in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortices, which are brain areas involved in mood. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an antidepressant and of an antioxidant on behavior and oxidative activity in brains of diabetic rats. Rats rendered diabetic after a treatment with streptozotocin (STZ) (60mg/kg) were treated with fluoxetine (15mg/kg), melatonin (10mg/kg), or vehicle for 4 weeks. All animals were tested for signs of depression and anxiety using the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT) and the forced swim test (FST). Four groups were compared: (1) normoglycemic, (2) hyperglycemic vehicle treated, and hyperglycemic (3) fluoxetine or (4) melatonin treated rats. On the last day of the study, blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Also, brain samples were collected to measure the oxidative stress in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortices using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were also measured on the brain samples. The results show that both fluoxetine and melatonin decrease the signs of depression and anxiety in all tests. Concomitantly, the levels of HbA1c were reduced in drug treated rats, and to a greater degree in the fluoxetine group. In the cerebral cortex of diabetic rats, TBARS was increased, while the activity of CAT, GPx and GST were decreased. Fluoxetine and melatonin treatments decreased TBARS in both cortices. In the prefrontal cortex, fluoxetine and melatonin restored the activity of CAT, while only melatonin improved the activity of GPx and GST. In the hippocampus, the activity of GPx alone was restored by melatonin, while fluoxetine had no effect. These results suggest that antidepressants and antioxidants can counter the mood and oxidative disorders associated with diabetes. While these effects could result from a decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Rebai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine BP, 325 Road of Ain El Bey, 25017 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Luc Jasmin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, 521 Parnassus Ave, Campus Box 0440, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Abdennacer Boudah
- National Higher School of Biotechnology, Ville universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100 Constantine, Algeria.
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Neu-P11, a novel MT1/MT2 agonist, reverses diabetes by suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:225-233. [PMID: 28687198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive glucocorticoid (GC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reduces insulin sensitivity, impairs β-cell function, increases gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, impairs glucose uptake and metabolism, and reduces the insulinotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1. Melatonin, which serves as a physiological regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, has been suggested to have anti-diabetic effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the MT1/MT2 melatonin agonist Neu-P11 on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats induced by a high fat diet combined with low doses of streptozotocin. T2DM rats were intragastrically administered melatonin (20mg/kg), Neu-P11 (20, 10, 5mg/kg), or a vehicle for 4 weeks. The results showed that the increased food intake, water consumption, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance in T2DM rats were all improved by Neu-P11 treatment. Neu-P11 increased GC receptor expression and suppressed 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 activity in the hippocampus by enhancing GC sensitivity and HPA feedback, thus decreasing the high GC levels. Transcript levels of the glucose metabolism-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, glucose transporter type-4, and adiponectin in adipose tissue were significantly increased after Neu-P11 treatment, while leptin mRNA was significantly decreased. Furthermore, MT1 and MT2 protein levels were enhanced by Neu-P11. These data suggest that normalization of the hyperactivated HPA axis by melatonin and Neu-P11 in T2DM regulates metabolic profiles and insulin sensitivity, which may attenuate insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Because Neu-P11 has superior pharmacokinetics and a longer half-life than melatonin, it might be beneficial in treating obesity and T2DM.
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Carreira MB, Cossio R, Britton GB. Individual and sex differences in high and low responder phenotypes. Behav Processes 2017; 136:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karaman T, Karaman S, Doğru S, Tapar H, Şahin A, Süren M. Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Dexamethasone on Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Sevoflurane in Adult Rats. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2017; 45:158-163. [PMID: 28752006 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2017.98624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common after anaesthesia in elderly patients. However, it may appear in patients of all ages. The main pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction remains unclear, although there is some evidence that brain inflammation may alter cognitive abilities. In the present study, we aim to evaluate short-term and long-term effects of dexamethasone on cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anaesthesia in adult rats. METHODS Seven-month-old 30 male Wistar albino rats were randomised into three groups: sevoflurane group (exposure to sevoflurane), sevoflurane + dexamethasone group (exposure to sevoflurane and dexamethasone injection), and control group (exposure to 100% oxygen). Spatial learning and short-term (7 days after exposure) and long-term (30 days after exposure) memory were evaluated using Morris water maze test. RESULTS Sevoflurane induced significant deficit in spatial learning and short-term and long-term memory in adult rats. Dexamethasone-treated animals exposed to sevoflurane had equivalent performance as control animals in training and probe trials. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane may impair spatial learning and short-term and long-term memories in adult rats. The co-administration of dexamethasone and sevoflurane may ameliorate short-term and long-term cognitive dysfunctions induced by sevoflurane in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Karaman
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serkan Karaman
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serkan Doğru
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tapar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Aynur Şahin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Süren
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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Wu Z, Tian X, He S, Quan L, Wei Y, Wu Z. Evaluation of intoxicating effects of liquor products on drunken mice. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:122-129. [PMID: 30108697 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of human health problems such as liver, heart and blood vessel diseases. In the present study, the concept of intoxicating degree (ID) is proposed as an index to demonstrate the degree of intoxicating activity for consuming liquor products. A mice model was designed for the evaluation of liquor product IDs. The intoxicating effects of liquor products were investigated by blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) and behaviour abilities of mice including righting reflex, running and forced-swim abilities. A linear regression model between comprehensive drunkenness degree (CD), calculated by integrating BAC and the behaviour abilities, and alcohol-feeding dosages (W), was established (with R2 > 0.9) with a slope factor of K. The ratio of the K values of liquor products to that of purified alcohol could be used to express the ID. For ID values less than 1, the liquor product would have a lower intoxicating effect when the same amount of alcohol content was consumed and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510006 , Guangdong , China . ; ; Tel: +86 20 39380663
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510006 , Guangdong , China . ; ; Tel: +86 20 39380663
| | - Songgui He
- Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery Co. Ltd. , Foshan , 528203 , Guangdong , China
| | - Lei Quan
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510006 , Guangdong , China . ; ; Tel: +86 20 39380663
| | - Yunlu Wei
- Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery Co. Ltd. , Foshan , 528203 , Guangdong , China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510006 , Guangdong , China . ; ; Tel: +86 20 39380663
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Fernández-Guasti A, Olivares-Nazario M, Reyes R, Martínez-Mota L. Sex and age differences in the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine in the forced swim test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 152:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Exogenous daytime melatonin modulates response of adolescent mice in a repeated unpredictable stress paradigm. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:149-161. [PMID: 27844092 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The immediate and short-term behavioural and physiological implications of exposure to stressful scenarios in the adolescent period are largely unknown; however, increases in occurrence of stress-related physiological and psychological disorders during puberty highlight the need to study substances that may modulate stress reactivity during a crucial stage of maturation. Seven groups of mice (12-15 g each) were administered distilled water (DW) (non-stressed and stressed controls), sertraline (10 mg/kg), diazepam (2 mg/kg) or one of three doses of melatonin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg). Mice were exposed to 30 min of chronic mild stress (25 min of cage shaking, cage tilting, handling and 5 min of forced swimming in tepid warm water at 25 °C, in a random order) after administration of DW or drugs, daily for 21 days. Behavioural assessments were conducted on day 1 and day 21 (after which mice were sacrificed, blood taken for estimation of corticosterone levels and brain homogenates used for estimation of antioxidant activities). Administration of melatonin resulted in an increase in horizontal locomotion and self-grooming, while rearing showed a time-dependent increase, compared to non-stress and stress controls. Working memory improved with increasing doses of melatonin (compared to controls and diazepam); in comparison to setraline however, working memory decreased. A dose-related anxiolytic effect is seen when melatonin is compared to non-stressed and stressed controls. Melatonin administration reduced the systemic/oxidant response to repeated stress. Administration of melatonin in repeatedly stressed adolescent mice was associated with improved central excitation, enhancement of working memory, anxiolysis and reduced systemic response to stress.
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Reis-Silva TM, Cohn DW, Sandini TM, Udo MS, Teodorov E, Bernardi MM. Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure affects sexual dimorphism in different germlines of mice with a depressive phenotype. Life Sci 2016; 149:129-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sex differences in drug addiction and response to exercise intervention: From human to animal studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 40:24-41. [PMID: 26182835 PMCID: PMC4712120 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated research supports the idea that exercise could be an option of potential prevention and treatment for drug addiction. During the past few years, there has been increased interest in investigating of sex differences in exercise and drug addiction. This demonstrates that sex-specific exercise intervention strategies may be important for preventing and treating drug addiction in men and women. However, little is known about how and why sex differences are found when doing exercise-induced interventions for drug addiction. In this review, we included both animal and human that pulled subjects from a varied age demographic, as well as neurobiological mechanisms that may highlight the sex-related differences in these potential to assess the impact of sex-specific roles in drug addiction and exercise therapies.
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Kokras N, Antoniou K, Mikail HG, Kafetzopoulos V, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z, Dalla C. Forced swim test: What about females? Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:408-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Canpolat S, Ulker N, Yardimci A, Bulmus O, Ozdemir G, Sahin Z, Ercan Z, Serhatlioglu I, Kacar E, Ozcan M, Turk G, Ozkan Y, Atmaca M, Yilmaz B, Kelestimur H. Studies on the reproductive effects of chronic treatment with agomelatine in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 770:33-9. [PMID: 26643170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Agomelatine is an antidepressant with a novel mechanism of action. It is a melatonergic agonist for MT1 and MT2 receptors and a serotonin (5-HT2C) receptor antagonist. Agomelatine has been suggested not to have adverse effects on sexual functions. However, the effects of chronic agomelatine administration on reproductive functions have not been sufficiently studied in animal models. We mainly aimed to explore the effects of agomelatine on reproductive functions in the male and female rats. For the experimental studies, Sprague Dawley rats were used. The animals started to receive daily oral agomelatine (10mg/kg) on post-natal day 21. Agomelatine advanced vaginal opening in the female rats whereas it delayed puberty onset in the male rats. Agomelatine treatment significantly decreased intromission frequencies, which indicates a facilitator role of this antidepressant on male sexual behavior. In the forced swimming test (FST) used for assessing antidepressant efficacy, agomelatine induced a significant decrease in duration of immobility, and an increase in the swimming time, respectively, which confirms the antidepressant-like activity of agomelatine. The present findings suggest that agomelatine shows a strong antidepressant effect in the male rats without any adverse influences on sexual behavior, and its effects on pubertal maturation seem to show sex-dependent differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Canpolat
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ulker
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardimci
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Ozdemir
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zubeyde Ercan
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Serhatlioglu
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Emine Kacar
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gaffari Turk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkan
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Murad Atmaca
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Yeditepe University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Firat University, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey.
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Tchekalarova J, Moyanova S, Fusco AD, Ngomba RT. The role of the melatoninergic system in epilepsy and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Brain Res Bull 2015; 119:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Protective Effects of Tualang Honey against Oxidative Stress and Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Stressed Ovariectomized Rats. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:521065. [PMID: 27379299 PMCID: PMC4897279 DOI: 10.1155/2014/521065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anxiolytic-like effect of Tualang honey in stressed ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The animals were divided into; (i) nonstressed sham-operated control rats, (ii) sham-operated control rats exposed to stress, (iii) nonstressed OVX rats, (iv) OVX rats exposed to stress, (v) OVX rats exposed to stress and treated with 17 β-oestradiol (E2) (20 μg daily, sc), and (vi) OVX rats exposed to stress and treated with Tualang honey (0.2 g/kg body weight, orally). The open field test was used to evaluate the anxiety-like behaviour and ELISA kits were used to measure oxidant/antioxidant status of the brain homogenates. The result showed that anxiety-like behavior was significantly increased in stressed OVX compared to other groups, and administering either E2 or Tualang honey significantly decreased anxiety-like behaviour in stressed OVX rats. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) were significantly decreased while the levels/activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly increased in the brain homogenates of treated stressed OVX groups compared to untreated stressed OVX. In conclusion, Tualang honey has protective effects against brain oxidative stress and may be useful alternative anxiolytic agent especially for postmenopausal women.
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Molina-Hernández M, Téllez-Alcántara NP, Olivera-López JI, Jaramillo MT. The antidepressant-like effects of topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized Wistar rats submitted to the forced swimming test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3343-50. [PMID: 23975039 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a significant delay in the clinical response of antidepressant drugs, and antidepressant treatments produce side effects. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between 17β-estradiol and topiramate in ovariectomized Wistar rats submitted to the forced swimming test (FST). METHODS Topiramate was administered alone or combined with 17β-estradiol to ovariectomized rats submitted to the FST. RESULTS Topiramate (20 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 30 mg/kg, P < 0.05) reduced immobility by increasing swimming; these effects were antagonized by finasteride (50 mg/kg). In interaction experiments, topiramate (10 mg/kg) plus 17β-estradiol (5 micrograms per rat; P < 0.05) reduced immobility by increasing swimming behavior. Besides, 17β-estradiol (2.5 micrograms per rat) shortened the onset of the antidepressant-like effects of topiramate (P < 0.05). In the open field test, topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol (P < 0.05) reduced locomotion. CONCLUSIONS Topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol produced antidepressant-like actions; and 17β-estradiol shortened the onset of the antidepressant-like effects of topiramate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Molina-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Psicobiología y Etología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Jalapa, Veracruz, México,
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Joel D, Yankelevitch-Yahav R. Reconceptualizing sex, brain and psychopathology: interaction, interaction, interaction. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4620-35. [PMID: 24758640 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing recognition of the influence of sex on brain structure and function, and in relation, on the susceptibility, prevalence and response to treatment of psychiatric disorders. Most theories and descriptions of the effects of sex on the brain are dominated by an analogy to the current interpretation of the effects of sex on the reproductive system, according to which sex is a divergence system that exerts a unitary, overriding and serial effect on the form of other systems. We shortly summarize different lines of evidence that contradict aspects of this analogy. The new view that emerges from these data is of sex as a complex system whose different components interact with one another and with other systems to affect body and brain. The paradigm shift that this understanding calls for is from thinking of sex in terms of sexual dimorphism and sex differences, to thinking of sex in terms of its interactions with other factors and processes. Our review of data obtained from animal models of psychopathology clearly reveals the need for such a paradigmatic shift, because in the field of animal behaviour whether a sex difference exists and its direction depend on the interaction of many factors including, species, strain, age, specific test employed and a multitude of environmental factors. We conclude by explaining how the new conceptualization can account for sex differences in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joel
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kokras N, Dalla C. Sex differences in animal models of psychiatric disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4595-619. [PMID: 24697577 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are characterized by sex differences in their prevalence, symptomatology and treatment response. Animal models have been widely employed for the investigation of the neurobiology of such disorders and the discovery of new treatments. However, mostly male animals have been used in preclinical pharmacological studies. In this review, we highlight the need for the inclusion of both male and female animals in experimental studies aiming at gender-oriented prevention, diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. We present behavioural findings on sex differences from animal models of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism. Moreover, when available, we include studies conducted across different stages of the oestrous cycle. By inspection of the relevant literature, it is obvious that robust sex differences exist in models of all psychiatric disorders. However, many times results are conflicting, and no clear conclusion regarding the direction of sex differences and the effect of the oestrous cycle is drawn. Moreover, there is a lack of considerable amount of studies using psychiatric drugs in both male and female animals, in order to evaluate the differential response between the two sexes. Notably, while in most cases animal models successfully mimic drug response in both sexes, test parameters and treatment-sensitive behavioural indices are not always the same for male and female rodents. Thus, there is an increasing need to validate animal models for both sexes and use standard procedures across different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
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The anxiolytic effects of valtrate in rats involves changes of corticosterone levels. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:325948. [PMID: 24782906 PMCID: PMC3978903 DOI: 10.1155/2014/325948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Valtrate is a principle compound isolated from Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine used to treat various mood disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of valtrate in rats. The animals were orally administered valtrate (5, 10, and 20 g/kg daily) for 10 days and exposed to open field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EPM). Then the corticosterone levels in the rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The valtrate (10 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited the anxiolytic effect in rats by increasing the time and entry percentage into the open arms in the EPM and the number of central entries in the OFT. Valtrate (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the corticosterone level in the rat serum. Taken together, these results suggest that the valtrate has anxiolytic activity in behavioral models that might be mediated via the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Horovitz O, Tsoory MM, Yovell Y, Richter-Levin G. A rat model of pre-puberty (juvenile) stress-induced predisposition to stress-related disorders: sex similarities and sex differences in effects and symptoms. World J Biol Psychiatry 2014; 15:36-48. [PMID: 23241139 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2012.745604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the interactive effect of two risk factors: "Juvenile stress" and sex in the long-term consequences of "Juvenile stress" in male and female rats. METHODS Rats were exposed to "Juvenile stress" and to additional stress in adulthood. Measurements of anxiety and depressive-like behaviours were assessed in relation to each stress exposure and "Sex-specific" sets of criteria in order to characterize individual profiles of altered behaviours. RESULTS While both male and female rats were affected by exposure to "Juvenile stress", sex difference were evident in saccharine preference, coping with the stressful challenge of the two-way shuttle avoidance task, and on "Adult stress" induced changes in saccharine preference. "Profiling" altered behaviours revealed sex differences also in the prevalence of rats exhibiting different categories of "Affected" behaviours, indicating that female rats are more susceptible to the long-term effects of "Juvenile stress" and to the immediate effects of "Adulthood stress". Additionally, the prevalence of "Affected" animals among "Juvenile+ Adulthood stress" was similar, yet the profile of altered behaviours was significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The "Behavioural Profiling" approach presented here is of importance to understanding gender differences in the aetiology of predisposition to stress-related disorders, and of gender symptomatology differences in stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Horovitz
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Kumbul Doguc D, Aylak F, İlhan İ, Kulac E, Gultekin F. Are there any remarkable effects of prenatal exposure to food colourings on neurobehaviour and learning process in rat offspring? Nutr Neurosci 2013; 18:12-21. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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42
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Mood and memory function in ovariectomised rats exposed to social instability stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:493643. [PMID: 23841073 PMCID: PMC3697241 DOI: 10.1155/2013/493643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the effects of social instability stress on memory and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour between sham-operated controls and ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups, (n = 10 per group). These were non-stressed sham-operated control rats, stressed sham-operated control rats, non-stressed OVX rats, and stressed OVX rats. The rats were subjected to social instability stress procedure for 15 days. Novel object recognition, open field, and forced swim tests were conducted after the stress procedure. Serum estradiol, ACTH and corticosterone levels were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Lower serum estradiol level and uterine weight with higher weight gain were observed in OVX rats compared to sham-operated controls. Serum ACTH, and corticosterone levels were higher in stressed compared to non-stressed groups. Memory deficit and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour were significantly increased in stressed compared to non-stressed OVX rats but these changes were not seen in sham-operated controls. These results suggest that the high circulating corticosterone acts synergistically with low circulating estradiol to exert negative effects on mood and memory function.
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Tchekalarova J, Petkova Z, Pechlivanova D, Moyanova S, Kortenska L, Mitreva R, Lozanov V, Atanasova D, Lazarov N, Stoynev A. Prophylactic treatment with melatonin after status epilepticus: effects on epileptogenesis, neuronal damage, and behavioral changes in a kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 27:174-87. [PMID: 23435277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a potent antioxidant which showed anticonvulsant activities both in experimental and clinical studies. In the present study, we examined the effect of melatonin treatment (10mg/kg/day, diluted in drinking water, 8 weeks) during epileptogenesis on the consequences of a kainate (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Melatonin increased the latency in the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) and decreased their frequency only during the treatment period. The behavioral alterations associated with hyperactivity, depression-like behavior during the light phase, and deficits in hippocampus-dependent working memory were positively affected by melatonin treatment in rats with epilepsy. Melatonin reduced the neuronal damage in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and piriform cortex and recovered the decrease of hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) level in rats with epilepsy. Taken together, long-term melatonin treatment after SE was unable to suppress the development of epileptogenesis. However, it showed a potential in reducing some of the deleterious alterations that develop during the chronic epileptic state in a diurnal phase-dependent mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Acad G Bonchev Str, Bl 23, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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Rojas JJ, Deniz BF, Miguel PM, Diaz R, Hermel ÉDES, Achaval M, Netto CA, Pereira LO. Effects of daily environmental enrichment on behavior and dendritic spine density in hippocampus following neonatal hypoxia–ischemia in the rat. Exp Neurol 2013; 241:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ouakki S, Mrabet FZE, Hessni AE, Mesfioui A, Pévet P, Ouichou A. Conversion of L-Tryptophan into Melatonin Is the Possible Action Pathway Involved in the Effect of L-Tryptophan on Antidepressant-Related Behavior in Female Rats: Analysis of the Influence of Treatment Duration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2013.34036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Karadayian A, Mac Laughlin M, Cutrera R. Estrogen blocks the protective action of melatonin in a behavioral model of ethanol-induced hangover in mice. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:181-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Domínguez-López S, Mahar I, Bambico FR, Labonté B, Ochoa-Sánchez R, Leyton M, Gobbi G. Short-term effects of melatonin and pinealectomy on serotonergic neuronal activity across the light-dark cycle. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:830-44. [PMID: 21730015 DOI: 10.1177/0269881111408460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) and serotonin (5-HT) are two biosynthetically related compounds implicated in several common physiological functions and the etiology of mood disorders. How they interact, though, is not yet fully understood. In this study, single-unit extracellular recordings were used to monitor dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) 5-HT neuronal activity in anesthetized rats, under basal conditions (CTRL), in response to MLT administration, and after pinealectomy (PX) across the light-dark cycle. Under basal conditions, the number of spontaneously active 5-HT neurons and their firing rate were both significantly lower in the dark phase. In the light phase, administration of MLT at low doses (0.5-1 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased 5-HT firing activity. This inhibitory effect of MLT was completely blocked by the MT₁/MT₂ receptor antagonist luzindole, but not by the selective MT(2) receptor antagonist 4P-PDOT, the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635, or by the α₂ adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan. In the opposite experiment, PX increased 5-HT firing activity in the dark phase, and this was reversed by MLT administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Finally, in a forced swim test, MLT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased immobility time and decreased swimming behavior. Together, these results suggest that nocturnal MLT secretion imposes tonic inhibitory control over a sub-population of DR 5-HT neurons. This MLT-induced decrease in 5-HT neurotransmission may represent a biological mechanism underlying mood disorders characterized by increased MLT secretion, such as seasonal affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Domínguez-López
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Simpson J, Ryan C, Curley A, Mulcaire J, Kelly JP. Sex differences in baseline and drug-induced behavioural responses in classical behavioural tests. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 37:227-36. [PMID: 22353173 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural pharmacology relies on animal models which are primarily validated using the male laboratory rat. Many researchers solely employ male animals in studies; this is primarily due to concerns about the impact of variations in the female estrous cycle on behavioural responses. The objective of the present study therefore was to examine whether sex has any effect in some commonly employed behavioural pharmacology tests. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were examined in the following behavioural pharmacology tests: diazepam (DZP) effects on anxiolytic behaviour in the elevated plus maze (EPM); desipramine (DMI) effects on immobility time in the forced swim test (FST); amphetamine (AMP) and apomorphine (APO) effects on locomotor activity in the homecage monitoring apparatus (HCMA). Baseline investigations revealed that females were more active than males in all three tests. DZP increased open arm time and entries for males but not for females. Similarly, significant reduction in immobility time with DMI was found for males in the FST, with no effect observed in females. There was a significant effect of AMP dose on distance moved for both sexes; the peak locomotor stimulating effects were seen following 1-2 mg kg⁻¹ AMP doses for males, while 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ produced the greatest effect in females. APO impaired locomotor activity in both sexes. These results demonstrate that male and female rats respond differently to psychotropic drugs. The absence of female responses to the effects of DZP and DMI in the EPM and FST respectively was due to the high baseline activity levels seen with females; thus behavioural tests must be designed to account for sex differences in baseline behaviours to allow for unambiguous extrapolation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Simpson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NUI Galway, Ireland.
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Ladurelle N, Gabriel C, Viggiano A, Mocaër E, Baulieu EE, Bianchi M. Agomelatine (S20098) modulates the expression of cytoskeletal microtubular proteins, synaptic markers and BDNF in the rat hippocampus, amygdala and PFC. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:493-509. [PMID: 22160164 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Agomelatine is described as a novel and clinical effective antidepressant drug with melatonergic (MT(1)/MT(2)) agonist and 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist properties. Previous studies suggest that modulation of neuronal plasticity and microtubule dynamics may be involved in the treatment of depression. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effects of agomelatine on microtubular, synaptic and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins in selected rat brain regions. METHODS Adult male rats received agomelatine (40 mg/kg i.p.) once a day for 22 days. The pro-cognitive effect of agomelatine was tested in the novel object recognition task and antidepressant activity in the forced swimming test. Microtubule dynamics markers, microtubule-associated protein type 2 (MAP-2), phosphorylated MAP-2, synaptic markers [synaptophysin, postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and spinophilin] and BDNF were measured by Western blot in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). RESULTS Agomelatine exerted pro-cognitive and antidepressant activity and induced molecular changes in the brain areas examined. Agomelatine enhanced microtubule dynamics in the hippocampus and to a higher magnitude in the amygdala. By contrast, in the PFC, a decrease in microtubule dynamics was observed. Spinophilin (dendritic spines marker) was decreased, and BDNF increased in the hippocampus. Synaptophysin (presynaptic) and spinophilin were increased in the PFC and amygdala, while PSD-95 (postsynaptic marker) was increased in the amygdala, consistent with the phenomena of synaptic remodelling. CONCLUSIONS Agomelatine modulates cytoskeletal microtubule dynamics and synaptic markers. This may play a role in its pharmacological behavioural effects and may result from the melatonergic agonist and 5-HT(2C) antagonist properties of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Ladurelle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-UMR788, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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