1
|
Ge F, Wang Z, Yu W, Yuan X, Cai Q, Wang G, Li X, Xu X, Yang P, Fan Y, Chang J, Guan X. Activating Lobule VI PC TH+-Med Pathway in Cerebellum Blocks the Acquisition of Methamphetamine Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1312232024. [PMID: 38331582 PMCID: PMC10941241 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1312-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellum has been implicated in drug addiction; however, its underlying cellular populations and neuronal circuitry remain largely unknown. In the current study, we identified a neural pathway from tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive Purkinje cells (PCTH+) in cerebellar lobule VI to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-positive glutamatergic neurons in the medial cerebellar nucleus (MedCaMKII), forming the lobule VI PCTH+-MedCaMKII pathway in male mice. In naive male mice, inhibition of PCTH+ neurons activated Med neurons. During conditioned place preference (CPP) training, exposure to methamphetamine (METH) inhibited lobule VI PCTH+ neurons while excited MedCaMKII neurons in mice. Silencing MedCaMKII using a tetanus toxin light chain (tettox) suppressed the acquisition of METH CPP in mice but resulted in motor coordination deficits in naive mice. In contrast, activating lobule VI PCTH+ terminals within Med inhibited the activity of Med neurons and subsequently blocked the acquisition of METH CPP in mice without affecting motor coordination, locomotor activity, and sucrose reinforcements in naive mice. Our findings identified a novel lobule VI PCTH+-MedCaMKII pathway within the cerebellum and explored its role in mediating the acquisition of METH-preferred behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiya Yuan
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qinglong Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiasong Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo D, He W, Shen D, Tang B, Tao H, Tang Q, Lai M, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu J, Meng J, Li J. Alterations in the brain functional network of abstinent male individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad523. [PMID: 38300175 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that is abused globally and is a serious threat to health worldwide. Unfortunately, the specific mechanism underlying addiction remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of functional connectivity in the brain network and the factors influencing methamphetamine use disorder in patients using magnetic resonance imaging. We included 96 abstinent male participants with methamphetamine use disorder and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for magnetic resonance imaging. Compared with healthy controls, participants with methamphetamine use disorder had greater impulsivity, fewer small-world attributes of the resting-state network, more nodal topological attributes in the cerebellum, greater functional connectivity strength within the cerebellum and between the cerebellum and brain, and decreased frontoparietal functional connectivity strength. In addition, after controlling for covariates, the partial correlation analysis showed that small-world properties were significantly associated with methamphetamine use frequency, psychological craving, and impulsivity. Furthermore, we revealed that the small-word attribute significantly mediated the effect of methamphetamine use frequency on motor impulsivity in the methamphetamine use disorder group. These findings may further improve our understanding of the neural mechanism of impulse control dysfunction underlying methamphetamine addiction and assist in exploring the neuropathological mechanism underlying methamphetamine use disorder-related dysfunction and rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanlin He
- Radiology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Danlin Shen
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Chengdu Compulsory Detoxification Center, No. 9 Xue Fu Lu, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongge Tao
- Chengdu Compulsory Detoxification Center, No. 9 Xue Fu Lu, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfeng Lai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Sichuan Drug Rehabilitation Administration, No. 90 Shu Tong Jie, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Sichuan Drug Rehabilitation Administration, No. 90 Shu Tong Jie, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinli Meng
- Radiology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Melchor-Eixea I, Guarque-Chabrera J, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Ibáñez-Marín P, Pastor R, Miquel M. Putting forward a model for the role of the cerebellum in cocaine-induced pavlovian memory. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1154014. [PMID: 37388941 PMCID: PMC10303950 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1154014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) involves emotional, cognitive, and motivational dysfunction. Long-lasting molecular and structural changes in brain regions functionally and anatomically linked to the cerebellum, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and ventral tegmental area, are characteristic of SUD. Direct and indirect reciprocal connectivity between the cerebellum and these brain regions can explain cerebellar roles in Pavlovian and reinforcement learning, fear memory, and executive functions. It is increasingly clear that the cerebellum modulates brain functions altered in SUD and other neuropsychiatric disorders that exhibit comorbidity with SUD. In the present manuscript, we review and discuss this evidence and present new research exploring the role of the cerebellum in cocaine-induced conditioned memory using chemogenetic tools (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug, DREADDs). Our preliminary data showed that inactivation of a region that includes the interposed and lateral deep cerebellar nuclei reduces the facilitating effect of a posterior vermis lesion on cocaine-induced preference conditioning. These findings support our previous research and suggest that posterior vermis damage may increase drug impact on the addiction circuitry by regulating activity in the DCN. However, they raise further questions that will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nicolucci C, Pais ML, Santos AC, Ribeiro FM, Encarnação PMCC, Silva ALM, Castro IF, Correia PMM, Veloso JFCA, Reis J, Lopes MZ, Botelho MF, Pereira FC, Priolli DG. Single Low Dose of Cocaine-Structural Brain Injury Without Metabolic and Behavioral Changes. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:589897. [PMID: 33584173 PMCID: PMC7874143 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cocaine use has been shown to lead to neurotoxicity in rodents and humans, being associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, recreational use, which may lead to addictive behavior, is often neglected. This occurs, in part, due to the belief that exposure to low doses of cocaine comes with no brain damage risk. Cocaine addicts have shown glucose metabolism changes related to dopamine brain activity and reduced volume of striatal gray matter. This work aims to evaluate the morphological brain changes underlying metabolic and locomotor behavioral outcome, in response to a single low dose of cocaine in a pre-clinical study. In this context, a Balb-c mouse model has been chosen, and animals were injected with a single dose of cocaine (0.5 mg/kg). Control animals were injected with saline. A behavioral test, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and anatomopathological studies were conducted with this low dose of cocaine, to study functional, metabolic, and morphological brain changes, respectively. Animals exposed to this cocaine dose showed similar open field activity and brain metabolic activity as compared with controls. However, histological analysis showed alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed to cocaine. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that a single low dose of cocaine, which can cause no locomotor behavioral and brain metabolic changes, can induce structural damage. These brain changes must always be considered regardless of the dosage used. It is essential to alert the population even against the consumption of low doses of cocaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Nicolucci
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University Post-graduation Stricto Sensu Programme, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lapo Pais
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabiana M Ribeiro
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro M C C Encarnação
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L M Silva
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Radiation Imaging Technologies Lda, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - I F Castro
- Radiation Imaging Technologies Lda, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Pedro M M Correia
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Radiation Imaging Technologies Lda, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - João F C A Veloso
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Julie Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marina Z Lopes
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University Scientific Initiation Programme, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Maria F Botelho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Denise G Priolli
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University Post-graduation Stricto Sensu Programme, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Su H, Zhong N, Chen T, Du J, Xiao K, Xu D, Song W, Jiang H, Zhao M. Aberrant Resting-State Cerebellar-Cerebral Functional Connectivity in Methamphetamine-Dependent Individuals After Six Months Abstinence. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:191. [PMID: 32296352 PMCID: PMC7137100 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural and functional alterations in the cerebellum have been consistently reported in addiction literatures. However, evidence implicating the resting-state cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in methamphetamine (MA) use disorder still remains limited. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were obtained from 34 MA dependent individuals with about six months abstinence and 31 healthy controls (well matched for age, gender and education) in this study. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was employed to investigate the differences in cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity between two groups. The correlations between significant functional connectivity and each clinical characteristic were also explored. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, MA dependent individuals showed disrupted functional connectivity between the cerebellum and several cerebral functional networks, including the default-mode, affective-limbic, and sensorimotor networks. Within the MA group, functional connectivity of the right cerebellar lobule VI-precuneus coupling was negatively correlated with addiction severity. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that cerebellar dysfunction, in particular aberrant cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity, might involve in neurobiological mechanism of MA dependence, which supply a potential target for therapeutic interventions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Physiological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Physiological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Physiological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen W, Liu P, Volkow ND, Pan Y, Du C. Cocaine attenuates blood flow but not neuronal responses to stimulation while preserving neurovascular coupling for resting brain activity. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1408-16. [PMID: 26666202 PMCID: PMC4925321 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine affects neuronal activity and constricts cerebral blood vessels, making it difficult to determine whether cocaine-induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) reflect neuronal activation or its vasoactive effects. Here we assessed the effects of acute cocaine on both resting-state and stimulation responses to investigate cocaine's effects on neurovascular coupling and to differentiate its effects on neuronal activity from its vasoactive actions. We concurrently measured cortical field potentials via thinned-skull electroencephalography recordings and CBF with laser Doppler flowmetry in the rat's somatosensory cortex for both resting state and forepaw stimulation before and following cocaine administration (1 mg kg(-1), intravenously). Results show both resting-state field potentials and CBF were depressed after cocaine administration (19.8±4.7% and 52.1±13.4%, respectively) and these changes were strongly correlated with each other (r=0.81, P<0.001), indicating that cocaine did not affect neurovascular coupling at rest and that the reduction in resting CBF reflected reduction in synchronized spontaneous neuronal activity rather than vasoconstriction. In contrast, the forepaw stimulation-evoked neuronal activity was not changed by cocaine (P=0.244), whereas the CBF to the stimulation was reduced 49.9±2.6% (P=0.028) gradually recovering ∼20 min after cocaine injection, indicating that neurovascular coupling during stimulation was temporarily disrupted by cocaine. Neurovascular uncoupling by cocaine during stimulation but not during rest indicates that distinct processes might underlie neurovascular regulation for both stimulation and spontaneous activity. The greater reductions by cocaine to the stimulation-induced CBF increases than to the background CBF should be considered when interpreting functional MRI studies comparing activation responses between controls and cocaine abusers. Neurovascular uncoupling could contribute to cocaine's neurotoxicity, particularly for stimulation conditions when CBF might be insufficient to cover for the energetic demands of neuronal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Peng Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Yingtian Pan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Congwu Du
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vazquez-Sanroman D, Leto K, Cerezo-Garcia M, Carbo-Gas M, Sanchis-Segura C, Carulli D, Rossi F, Miquel M. The cerebellum on cocaine: plasticity and metaplasticity. Addict Biol 2015; 20:941-55. [PMID: 25619460 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that several data have supported the involvement of the cerebellum in the functional alterations observed after prolonged cocaine use, this brain structure has been traditionally ignored and excluded from the circuitry affected by addictive drugs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a chronic cocaine treatment on molecular and structural plasticity in the cerebellum, including BDNF, D3 dopamine receptors, ΔFosB, the Glu2 AMPA receptor subunit, structural modifications in Purkinje neurons and, finally, the evaluation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the projection neurons of the medial nucleus, the output of the cerebellar vermis. In the current experimental conditions in which repeated cocaine treatment was followed by a 1-week withdrawal period and a new cocaine challenge, our results showed that cocaine induced a large increase in cerebellar proBDNF levels and its expression in Purkinje neurons, with the mature BDNF expression remaining unchanged. Together with this, cocaine-treated mice exhibited a substantial enhancement of D3 receptor levels. Both ΔFosB and AMPA receptor Glu2 subunit expressions were enhanced in cocaine-treated animals. Significant pruning in Purkinje dendrite arborization and reduction in the size and density of Purkinje boutons contacting deep cerebellar projection neurons accompanied cocaine-dependent increase in proBDNF. Cocaine-associated effects point to the inhibitory Purkinje function impairment, as was evidenced by lower activity in these cells. Moreover, the probability of any remodelling in Purkinje synapses appears to be decreased due to an upregulation of extracellular matrix components in the PNNs surrounding the medial nuclear neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ketty Leto
- Department of Neuroscience; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT); University of Turin; Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Turin; Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Carulli
- Department of Neuroscience; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT); University of Turin; Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Turin; Italy
| | - Ferdinando Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT); University of Turin; Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Turin; Italy
| | - Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología; Universitat Jaume I; Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
López-Pedrajas R, Ramírez-Lamelas DT, Muriach B, Sánchez-Villarejo MV, Almansa I, Vidal-Gil L, Romero FJ, Barcia JM, Muriach M. Cocaine promotes oxidative stress and microglial-macrophage activation in rat cerebellum. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:279. [PMID: 26283916 PMCID: PMC4516895 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mechanisms have been suggested for cocaine neurotoxicity, including oxidative stress alterations. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), considered a sensor of oxidative stress and inflammation, is involved in drug toxicity and addiction. NF-κB is a key mediator for immune responses that induces microglial/macrophage activation under inflammatory processes and neuronal injury/degeneration. Although cerebellum is commonly associated to motor control, muscular tone, and balance. Its relation with addiction is getting relevance, being associated to compulsive and perseverative behaviors. Some reports indicate that cerebellar microglial activation induced by cannabis or ethanol, promote cerebellar alterations and these alterations could be associated to addictive-related behaviors. After considering the effects of some drugs on cerebellum, the aim of the present work analyzes pro-inflammatory changes after cocaine exposure. Rats received daily 15 mg/kg cocaine i.p., for 18 days. Reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutamate were determined in cerebellar homogenates. NF-κB activity, CD68, and GFAP expression were determined. Cerebellar GPx activity and GSH/GSSG ratio are significantly decreased after cocaine exposure. A significant increase of glutamate concentration is also observed. Interestingly, increased NF-κB activity is also accompanied by an increased expression of the lysosomal mononuclear phagocytic marker ED1 without GFAP alterations. Current trends in addiction biology are focusing on the role of cerebellum on addictive behaviors. Cocaine-induced cerebellar changes described herein fit with previosus data showing cerebellar alterations on addict subjects and support the proposed role of cerebelum in addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa López-Pedrajas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores T Ramírez-Lamelas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Muriach
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - María V Sánchez-Villarejo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Almansa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Vidal-Gil
- Structure and Function of the Human Body, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia 'San Vicente Mártir,' Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco J Romero
- Structure and Function of the Human Body, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia 'San Vicente Mártir,' Valencia Spain
| | - Jorge M Barcia
- Structure and Function of the Human Body, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia 'San Vicente Mártir,' Valencia Spain
| | - María Muriach
- UP Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palomino A, Pavón FJ, Blanco-Calvo E, Serrano A, Arrabal S, Rivera P, Alén F, Vargas A, Bilbao A, Rubio L, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Effects of acute versus repeated cocaine exposure on the expression of endocannabinoid signaling-related proteins in the mouse cerebellum. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:22. [PMID: 24634647 PMCID: PMC3943208 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing awareness of cerebellar involvement in addiction is based on the cerebellum's intermediary position between motor and reward, potentially acting as an interface between motivational and cognitive functions. Here, we examined the impact of acute and repeated cocaine exposure on the two main signaling systems in the mouse cerebellum: the endocannabinoid (eCB) and glutamate systems. To this end, we investigated whether eCB signaling-related gene and protein expression {cannabinoid receptor type 1 receptors and enzymes that produce [diacylglycerol lipase alpha/beta (DAGLα/β) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD)] and degrade [monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amino hydrolase (FAAH)] eCB} were altered. In addition, we analyzed the gene expression of relevant components of the glutamate signaling system [glutamate synthesizing enzymes liver-type glutaminase isoform (LGA) and kidney-type glutaminase isoform (KGA), metabotropic glutamatergic receptor (mGluR3/5), NMDA-ionotropic glutamatergic receptor (NR1/2A/2B/2C) and AMPA-ionotropic receptor subunits (GluR1/2/3/4)] and the gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, because noradrenergic terminals innervate the cerebellar cortex. Results indicated that acute cocaine exposure decreased DAGLα expression, suggesting a down-regulation of 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) production, as well as gene expression of TH, KGA, mGluR3 and all ionotropic receptor subunits analyzed in the cerebellum. The acquisition of conditioned locomotion and sensitization after repeated cocaine exposure were associated with an increased NAPE-PLD/FAAH ratio, suggesting enhanced anandamide production, and a decreased DAGLβ/MAGL ratio, suggesting decreased 2-AG generation. Repeated cocaine also increased LGA gene expression but had no effect on glutamate receptors. These findings indicate that acute cocaine modulates the expression of the eCB and glutamate systems. Repeated cocaine results in normalization of glutamate receptor expression, although sustained changes in eCB is observed. We suggest that cocaine-induced alterations to cerebellar eCB should be considered when analyzing the adaptations imposed by psychostimulants that lead to addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Palomino
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Pavón
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco-Calvo
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; Departament de Pedagogia i Psicologia, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat de Lleida Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Bilbao
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leticia Rubio
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carbo-Gas M, Vazquez-Sanroman D, Aguirre-Manzo L, Coria-Avila GA, Manzo J, Sanchis-Segura C, Miquel M. Involving the cerebellum in cocaine-induced memory: pattern of cFos expression in mice trained to acquire conditioned preference for cocaine. Addict Biol 2014; 19:61-76. [PMID: 23445190 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of its primary role in drug-seeking, consumption and addictive behaviour, there is a growing interest in identifying the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation, maintenance and retrieval of drug-related memories. Human studies, which focused on neuronal systems that store and control drug-conditioned memories, have found cerebellar activations during the retrieval of drug-associated cue memory. However, at the pre-clinical level, almost no attention has been paid to a possible role of the cerebellum in drug-related memories. In the present study, we ought to fill this gap by aiming to investigate the pattern of neuronal activation (as revealed by cFos expression) in different regions of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of mice trained to develop conditioned preference for an olfactory stimulus (CS+) paired with cocaine. Our results indicate that CS+ preference was directly associated with cFos expression in cells at the apical region of the granule cell layer of the cerebellar vermis; this relationship being more prominent in some specific lobules. Conversely, cFos+ immunostaining in other cerebellar regions seems to be unrelated to CS+ preference but to other aspects of the conditioning procedure. At the prefrontal cortex, cFos expression seemed to be related to cocaine administration rather than to its ability to establish conditioned preference. The present results suggest that as it has been observed in some clinical studies, the cerebellum might be an important and largely overlooked part of the neural circuits involved in generating, maintaining and/or retrieving drug memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Manzo
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales; Universidad Veracruzana; Mexico
| | | | - Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología; Universitat Jaume I; Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Zhu J, Li Q, Li W, Wu N, Zheng Y, Chang H, Chen J, Wang W. Altered fronto-striatal and fronto-cerebellar circuits in heroin-dependent individuals: a resting-state FMRI study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58098. [PMID: 23483978 PMCID: PMC3590175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of compulsive pattern of drug use is related to abnormal regional neural activity and functional reorganization in the heroin addicts' brain, but the relationship between heroin-use-induced disrupted local neural activity and its functional organization pattern in resting-state is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS With fMRI data acquired during resting state from 17 male heroin dependent individuals (HD) and 15 matched normal controls (NC), we analyzed the changes of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in brain areas, and its relationship with history of heroin use. Then we investigated the addiction related alteration in functional connectivity of the brain regions with changed ALFF using seed-based correlation analysis. Compared with NC, the ALFF of HD was obviously decreased in the right caudate, right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), right superior medial frontal cortex and increased in the bilateral cerebellum, left superior temporal gyrus and left superior occipital gyrus. Of the six regions, only the ALFF value of right caudate had a negative correlation with heroin use. Setting the six regions as "seeds", we found the functional connectivity between the right caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) was reduced but that between the right caudate and cerebellum was enhanced. Besides, an abnormal lateral PFC-dACC connection was also observed in HD. CONCLUSIONS The observations of dysfunction of fronto-striatal and fronto-cerebellar circuit in HD implicate an altered balance between local neuronal assemblies activity and their integrated network organization pattern which may be involved in the process from voluntary to habitual and compulsive drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haifeng Chang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zahm DS, Becker ML, Freiman AJ, Strauch S, Degarmo B, Geisler S, Meredith GE, Marinelli M. Fos after single and repeated self-administration of cocaine and saline in the rat: emphasis on the Basal forebrain and recalibration of expression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:445-63. [PMID: 19794406 PMCID: PMC2795057 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of addictive psychostimulant drugs on the brain change over repeated administrations. We evaluated a large sample of brain structures, particularly ones comprising basal forebrain macrosystems, and determined in which the immediate-early gene product, Fos, is expressed following a single and repeated self-administrations of cocaine. The caudate-putamen and accumbens, comprising the basal ganglia input structures, and the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, lateral and medial habenula, mesopontine rostromedial tegmental nucleus and anterior cingulate cortex exhibited Fos expression enhanced by acute self-administration of cocaine (SAC), but desensitized after repeated administrations. Fos expression was mainly enhanced by acutely self-administered cocaine in basal ganglia output and intrinsic structures and the intermediate nucleus of lateral septum, medial division of the central amygdaloid nucleus and zona incerta, but, in contrast, was sensitized in these structures after repeated administrations. Acute and repeated SAC left Fos expression unaffected or marginally enhanced in most extended amygdala structures, of which nearly all, however, exhibited robustly increased Fos expression after repeated saline self-administration, occasionally to levels exceeding those elicited by cocaine. Thus, self-administered cocaine mainly elicits Fos expression, which persists or increases with repeated administrations in some structures, but declines in others. In addition, Fos expression is sensitized in most extended amygdala structures merely by the act of repeated self-administering. Similar spatiotemporal patterns of cocaine- or saline-elicited Fos expression characterize functionally related clusters of structures, such as, eg, basal ganglia input structures, basal ganglia output structures, extended amygdala and structures in the brainstem to which forebrain macrosystems project.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Zahm
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dietrich JB, Arpin-Bott MP, Kao D, Dirrig-Grosch S, Aunis D, Zwiller J. Cocaine induces the expression of homer 1b/c, homer 3a/b, and hsp 27 proteins in rat cerebellum. Synapse 2007; 61:587-94. [PMID: 17455232 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The long homer proteins 1b/c, 2a/b, and 3a/b play an important role in postsynaptic neurons by clustering glutamate receptors and by coupling the receptors with various intracellular effectors. Using immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis, this study shows that the expression of the long homer isoforms 1b/c and 3a/b was induced in rat cerebellum in response to cocaine administration. Acute treatment produced a very robust induction of both constitutive isoforms, whereas repeated treatment for 10 days induced a large expression of homer 1b/c and a more modest increase in the expression of the 3a/b isoform. The heat shock protein hsp 27 was also considerably induced in the cerebellum of cocaine-treated rats, suggesting that it participates in assisting the correct folding of proteins, and by counteracting oxidative stress mechanisms triggered by the psychostimulant. In addition of being expressed in Purkinje neurons, homer 3a/b and hsp 27, but not homer 1b/c, were localized within Bergmann glial cells and in their extensions, which surround Purkinje cells, as assessed by coimmunoreactivity with glial fibrillary acidic protein. Cocaine was also found to induce both proteins in the Bergmann glial cells. Since we found that homer 3a/b colocalized with the mGluR1 receptor in Purkinje cells, the data suggest that the long homer isoforms are involved in the cocaine-induced neuroplasticity that takes place in the cerebellum, by reshaping postsynaptic densities in Purkinje cell dendrites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bernard Dietrich
- Inserm, U575, Centre de Neurochimie, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arpin-Bott MP, Dietrich JB, Dirrig-Grosch S, Aunis D, Zwiller J. Induction by Cocaine of the Serotonergic 5-HT3 Receptor in Rat Cerebellum. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1074:382-9. [PMID: 17105936 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1369.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the 5-HT(3) receptor, a member of the serotonin receptor family, was examined in rat cerebellum of saline- or cocaine-treated rats. Both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used. We found that the expression of this serotonin receptor subtype was increased in the cerebellum of rats injected either acutely or repeatedly (1 injection/day for 10 days) with cocaine. The stimulation was more pronounced after a single injection than after a series of 10 injections. Surprisingly, the expression of the 5-HT(3) receptor was mainly localized in Bergmann glial cells, as assessed from the co-localization of the receptor with the glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Our data emphasize the importance of the 5-HT(3) receptor induction in the cerebellum as part of the neuroadaptations taking place in rat brain in response to the psychostimulant cocaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Arpin-Bott
- INSERM, Unité U575, Centre de Neurochimie, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hester R, Garavan H. Executive dysfunction in cocaine addiction: evidence for discordant frontal, cingulate, and cerebellar activity. J Neurosci 2005; 24:11017-22. [PMID: 15590917 PMCID: PMC6730277 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3321-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a GO-NOGO response inhibition task in which working memory (WM) demands can be varied, we demonstrate that the compromised abilities of cocaine users to exert control over strong prepotent urges are associated with reduced activity in anterior cingulate and right prefrontal cortices, two regions thought to be critical for implementing cognitive control. Furthermore, unlike drug-naive controls, and opposite to the anterior cingulate pattern, cocaine users showed an over-reliance on the left cerebellum, a compensatory pattern previously seen in alcohol addiction. The results indicate that cocaine users find it difficult to inhibit their own actions, particularly when WM demands, which have been shown previously to increase during cue-induced craving for the drug, are increased. The results reveal a neuroanatomical basis for this dysexecutive component to addiction, supporting the suggested importance cognitive functions may play in prolonging abuse or predisposing users toward relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hester
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Summavielle T, Alves CJ, Monteiro PRR, Tavares MA. Abnormal Immunoreactivity to Serotonin in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells after Neonatal Cocaine Exposure. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1025:630-7. [PMID: 15542772 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1316.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal cocaine is known to affect the developing serotonergic system in many brain structures, including the cerebellum. Changes in the cerebellar Purkinje cells after drug exposure are well documented and result in impairment of movement and other cerebellar disorders such as ataxia. These cells have a major postnatal developmental pattern; therefore, neonatal exposure to cocaine is likely to affect them. In this work, male and female Wistar rats were injected with 15 mg of cocaine hydrochloride/kg body weight/day, subcutaneously, in two daily doses, from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND29. Controls were given 0.9% of saline. On PND14, PND21, and PND30, rats were transcardially perfused, and brains removed and cryoprotected. Coronal sections from the cerebellum were processed for immunocytochemistry of cells containing serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT). At the same postnatal age, rats from at least three different litters were sacrificed by decapitation, and brains were dissected for determination of 5-HT in the cerebellum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Upon the expected distribution of immunoreactivity to 5-HT, an abnormal immunoreactivity to 5-HT was observed in the Purkinje cells of six cocaine-exposed animals, but not in control animals. Also, levels of cerebellar 5-HT in cocaine-exposed rats were significantly increased on PND21. These results, together with previously reported observations of altered patterns of motor behavior, indicate that neonatal cocaine exposure affects the serotonergic cerebellar system, altering the standard development of Purkinje cells and possibly compromising the motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Summavielle
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang HJ, Shin MC, Chang HK, Jang MH, Lee TH, Kim YJ, Chung JH, Kim CJ. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine suppress glycine- and glutamate-induced ion currents in acutely dissociated rat hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2003; 344:33-6. [PMID: 12781915 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine and ropivacaine are local surgical anesthetics with great efficacy in post-operative pain relief and labor analgesia. In the present study, the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on ion currents induced by glycine and glutamate in acutely dissociated hippocampal CA1 neurons of rats were investigated via a nystatin-perforated patch clamping method at a clamped voltage. The magnitude of the glycine-induced ion currents was decreased reversibly and in a time-dependent manner by continuous application of 0.1 mg/ml of either bupivacaine or ropivacaine. The magnitude of the glutamate-induced ion currents was also suppressed time-dependently by continuous application of either bupivacaine or ropivacaine. The inhibitory action of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on currents induced by glycine and glutamate could be one of the mechanisms behind the actions of these anesthetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Almodóvar-Fabregas LJ, Segarra O, Colón N, Dones JG, Mercado M, Mejías-Aponte CA, Vázquez R, Abreu R, Vázquez E, Williams JT, Jiménez-Rivera CA. Effects of cocaine administration on VTA cell activity in response to prefrontal cortex stimulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 965:157-71. [PMID: 12105092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The repeated use of psychostimulants in humans has been associated with progressive enhancement of anxiety, panic attacks, and eventually paranoid psychosis. The appearance of such behaviors has been termed behavioral sensitization, which forms part of the basic pathological mechanisms involved in drug addiction. Psychostimulants act via a circuit involving the ventral tegmental area (VTA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and nucleus accumbens. The PFC sends glutamatergic projections that activate dopaminergic neurons in the VTA. These projections provide an extremely important excitatory drive necessary for the development of sensitization. The effects of cocaine administration on the response of dopaminergic VTA cells to activation of the PFC have not been reported. Here the effects of acute cocaine administration on VTA cell response to PFC stimulation are examined. Statistical analysis of the changes in spontaneous activity and evoked response revealed a significant decrease in spontaneous activity at 1.0 mg/kg i.v. after cocaine treatment compared to baseline levels. The net effect was an increase in signal-to-noise ratio. Treatment with MK-801 at a dose of 2 mg/kg showed that the excitatory response was, at least partially, NMDA-mediated. Prazosin pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) did not prevent a significant decrease in spontaneous activity brought about by cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Nonetheless, prazosin alone induced a significant decrease in the response to PFC stimulation when compared to baseline. In addition, iontophoretic application of norepinephrine (NE) onto VTA cells revealed that NE potentiated (19.2%), enhanced (26.9%), or suppressed (46.2%) the glutamate-evoked response in VTA cells. The results suggest that a possible role of cocaine in the process of sensitization might be to amplify the PFC-induced excitation at the VTA. Since the iontophoretic release of NE in almost half of the sampled cells produced similar effects to those of cocaine it may suggest a possible NE-mediated mechanism for cocaine actions.
Collapse
|