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Kotha S, Cheekatla SR, Meshram M. Design and Synthesis of Cage Molecules as High Energy Density Materials for Aerospace Applications. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Subba Rao Cheekatla
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Milind Meshram
- Department of Chemistry The K.R.T. Arts B.H. Commerce & A.M. Science College Nashik 422 002 India
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Kotha S, Ansari S, Cheekatla SR. 7-Methoxypentacyclo[5.4.0.0 2,6.0 3,10.0 5,9]undecane-8,11-dione. IUCRDATA 2020; 5:x201380. [PMID: 36339030 PMCID: PMC9462166 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314620013802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of a methoxy-substituted Cookson’s dione derivative is presented. The structure of 7-methoxypentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane-8,11-dione, C12H12O3, at 150 K has monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry. The pentacycloundecane cage compound is composed of four five-membered rings, a planar four-membered ring and a six-membered ring in a boat conformation fused into a closed strained-cage framework. All of the five-membered rings adopt an envelope conformation.![]()
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Kotha S, Cheekatla SR. A new skeletal rearrangement of 1,7-dimethyl Cookson's cage dione catalyzed by a Lewis acid. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1377-1383. [PMID: 31998915 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A methyl-substituted polycyclic cage dione containing the PCUD framework has undergone an unprecedented ring rearrangement approach. Here, the PCUD framework with the aid of a Lewis acid such as BF3·MeOH gave unusual fragmentation products. Two new products were isolated via the skeletal rearrangement process involving carbocation mediated intermediates. The substituents in the succinyl bond present in the strained PCUD skeleton produce a driving force for the rearrangement in an unprecedented manner. Interestingly, the cyclobutane ring was transformed to cyclopentane through the cleavage of the C1-C7 bond during the ring-expansion process of PCUD via the carbocation intermediates. Unexpectedly, solvent (benzene) was captured during the ring-homologation process due to the presence of methyl substituents placed at the cyclobutane ring of the cage framework. It appears that this is the first report where an unexpected ring-rearrangement, ring-homologation, and ring-fragmentation occur with the aid of the BF3·MeOH complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, India.
| | - Subba Rao Cheekatla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, India.
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Kotha S, Cheekatla SR. Design, synthesis, and rearrangement studies of gem-dimethyl containing cage systems. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Synthesis of functionalized cage propellanes and D3-Trishomocubanes via the ring-closing metathesis and acid-promoted rearrangement. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kotha S, Gunta R, Cheekatla SR, Mhatre DS. Spiro[cyclopentane-1,11′-hexacyclo[7.6.0.0 1,6.0 6,13.0 8,12.0 10,14]pentadecane]-7′,15′-dione. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618015900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual rearrangement of spiro cage dione to a trishomocubane derivatives is reported by acid-catalysed rearrangement with the aid of BF3·OEt2 in benzene (solvent) reflux conditions. Here, the molecular structure of cage molecule C19H22O2 (major product) consists of five-membered rings, which adopt an envelope conformation and six-membered rings adopt a chair or boat conformation. The Cremer & Pople puckering parameters of all four six-membered rings are calculated.
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Kotha S, Cheekatla SR, Gunta R. Hexacyclo[6.5.1.0 1,5.0 5,12.0 7,11.0 9,13]tetradecane-4,6,14-trione. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618008520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the title cage compound, C14H12O3, encompasses seven fused rings, viz. one four-membered, five five-membered and one six-membered. The four-membered ring is essentially planar, all five-membered rings adopt an envelope conformation and the six-membered ring adopts a boat conformation.
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Kotha S, Cheekatla SR. Molecular Acrobatics in Polycyclic Frames: Synthesis of Functionalized D 3-Trishomocubanes via the Rearrangement Approach. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6315-6324. [PMID: 29768916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic route to D3-trishomocubanone and oxa- D3-trishomocubane derivatives has been established by the rearrangement approach. A remotely located methyl substituent in the six-membered ring contributed to the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of the cage dione in an unusual fashion. This rearrangement approach provided an attractive route to extended D3-trishomocubanes, which are not accessible by the conventional multistep synthetic sequence. For the first time, two phenyl groups were incorporated from the solvent into the strained trishomocubane skeleton in an unprecedented manner via carbocation-mediated rearrangement with the aid of BF3·OEt2. Interestingly, an oxa-bridged trishomocubane skeleton was also formed during acid-promoted rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay , Powai , India
| | - Subba Rao Cheekatla
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay , Powai , India
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Joubert J, Sharma R, Onani M, Malan SF. Microwave-assisted methods for the synthesis of pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecylamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Banister SD, Manoli M, Barron ML, Werry EL, Kassiou M. N-substituted 8-aminopentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecanes as σ receptor ligands with potential neuroprotective effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6038-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang YS, Lu HL, Zhang LJ, Wu Z. Sigma-2 receptor ligands and their perspectives in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:532-66. [PMID: 23922215 DOI: 10.1002/med.21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor is highly expressed in various rapidly proliferating cancer cells and regarded as a cancer cell biomarker. Selective sigma-2 ligands have been shown to specifically label the tumor sites, induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth. Sigma-2 ligands are potentially useful as cancer diagnostics, anticancer therapeutics, or adjuvant anticancer treatment agents. However, both the cloning of this receptor and the identification of its endogenous ligand have not been successful, and the lack of structural information has severely hindered the understanding of its physiological roles, its signaling pathways, and the development of more selective sigma-2 ligands. Recent data have implicated that sigma-2 binding sites are within the lipid rafts and that PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) complex and sigma-2 receptor may be coupled with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), caspases, and ion channels. Due to its promising applications in cancer management, there are rapidly increasing research efforts that are being directed into this field. This review article updates the current understanding of sigma-2 receptor and its potential physiological roles, applications, interaction with other effectors, with special focuses on the development of sigma-2 ligands, their chemical structures, pharmacological profiles, applications in imaging and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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Geldenhuys WJ, Novotny N, Malan SF, Van der Schyf CJ. 3D-QSAR and docking studies of pentacycloundecylamines at the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1707-11. [PMID: 23414839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pentacycloundecylamine (PCU) derived compounds have been shown to be promising lead structures for the development of novel drug candidates aimed at a variety of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Here we show for the first time a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) for a series of aza-PCU-derived compounds with activity at the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model was developed with a partial least squares cross validated (q(2)) regression value of 0.6, and a non-cross validated r(2) of 0.9. The CoMFA model was effective at predicting the sigma-1 activities of a test set with an r(2) >0.7. We also describe here the docking of the PCU-derived compounds into a homology model of the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor, which was developed to gain insight into binding of these cage compounds to the receptor. Based on docking studies we evaluated in a [(3)H]pentazocine binding assay an oxa-PCU, NGP1-01 (IC50=1.78μM) and its phenethyl derivative (IC50=1.54μM). Results from these studies can be used to develop new compounds with specific affinity for the sigma-1(σ1) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Robson MJ, Seminerio MJ, McCurdy CR, Coop A, Matsumoto RR. σ Receptor antagonist attenuation of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity is correlated to body temperature modulation. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Geldenhuys WJ, Van der Schyf CJ. Designing drugs with multi-target activity: the next step in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 8:115-29. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.744746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Neurotherapeutics Emphasis Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Rootstown, 4209 State Route 44, P.O. Box 95, OH 44272, USA ;
| | - Cornelis J Van der Schyf
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Neurotherapeutics Emphasis Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Rootstown, 4209 State Route 44, P.O. Box 95, OH 44272, USA ;
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Seminerio MJ, Robson MJ, McCurdy CR, Matsumoto RR. Sigma receptor antagonists attenuate acute methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia by a mechanism independent of IL-1β mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:103-9. [PMID: 22820108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is currently one of the most widely abused drugs worldwide, with hyperthermia being a leading cause of death in methamphetamine overdose situations. Methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia involves a variety of cellular mechanisms, including increases in hypothalamic interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression. Methamphetamine also interacts with sigma receptors and previous studies have shown that sigma receptor antagonists mitigate many of the behavioral and physiological effects of methamphetamine, including hyperthermia. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the attenuation of methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia by the sigma receptor antagonists, AZ66 and SN79, is associated with a concomitant attenuation of IL-1β mRNA expression, particularly in the hypothalamus. Methamphetamine produced dose- and time-dependent increases in core body temperature and IL-1β mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, striatum, and cortex in male, Swiss Webster mice. Pretreatment with the sigma receptor antagonists, AZ66 and SN79, significantly attenuated methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia, but further potentiated IL-1β mRNA in the mouse hypothalamus when compared to animals treated with methamphetamine alone. These findings suggest sigma receptor antagonists attenuate methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia through a different mechanism from that involved in the modulation of hypothalamic IL-1β mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Seminerio
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Banister SD, Rendina LM, Kassiou M. 7-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane as a scaffold for the development of selective sigma-2 (σ2) receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4059-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Joubert J, Geldenhuys WJ, Van der Schyf CJ, Oliver DW, Kruger HG, Govender T, Malan SF. Polycyclic cage structures as lipophilic scaffolds for neuroactive drugs. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:375-84. [PMID: 22307951 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic cage scaffolds have been successfully used in the development of numerous lead compounds demonstrating activity in the central nervous system (CNS). Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, and stroke, as well as drug abuse, can be modulated with polycyclic cage derivatives. These cage moieties, including adamantane and pentacycloundecane derivatives, improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of conjugated parent drugs and serve as an important scaffold in the design of therapeutically active agents for the treatment of neurological disorders. In this Minireview, we focus on the recent developments in the field of polycyclic cage compounds, as well as the relationship between the lipophilic character of these cage-derived drugs and the ability of such compounds to target and reach the CNS and improve the pharmacodynamic properties of compounds conjugated to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Joubert
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Banister SD, Yoo DT, Chua SW, Cui J, Mach RH, Kassiou M. N-Arylalkyl-2-azaadamantanes as cage-expanded polycarbocyclic sigma (σ) receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5289-92. [PMID: 21788137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic N-arylalkyl-2-azaadamantan-1-ols (9-15) and the corresponding deoxygenated, achiral N-arylalkyl-2-azaadamantanes (23-29) were synthesized and screened in competition binding assays against a panel of CNS targets. Adamantyl hemiaminals 9-15 displayed generally low affinity for both σ(1) (K(i) values= 294-1950 nM) and σ(2) receptors (K(i) values=201-1020 nM), and negligible affinity for 42 other CNS proteins. Deoxygenation of 9-15 to give the corresponding achiral azaadamantanes 23-29 greatly improved affinity for σ(1) (K(i) values=8.3-239 nM) and σ(2) receptors (K(i) values=34-312 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Banister
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Banister SD, Moussa IA, Jorgensen WT, Chua SW, Kassiou M. Molecular hybridization of 4-azahexacyclo[5.4.1.02,6.03,10.05,9.08,11]dodecane-3-ol with sigma (σ) receptor ligands modulates off-target activity and subtype selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3622-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Conformationally restricted GABA analogs: from rigid carbocycles to cage hydrocarbons. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:223-41. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA was discovered to play an important role as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian CNS 60 years ago. The conformational flexibility of GABA is important for its biological function, as it has been found to bind to different receptors with different conformations. In an effort to increase the lipophilicity and to reduce conformational flexibility of GABA itself, a polycyclic or cage hydrocarbon framework can be introduced into the 3D structure of GABA in order to better control the binding. This article explores the available synthetic methods, properties and activity of carbocyclic (cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclohexanes) and cage (adamantane and others) hydrocarbons – analogs of GABA with conformationally rigid carbon skeletons.
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Banister SD, Clegg JK, Hanani R, Kassiou M. 11-{[2-(3-Fluoro-phen-yl)eth-yl](meth-yl)amino}-penta-cyclo-[5.4.0.0.0.0]undecan-8-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2693. [PMID: 21587661 PMCID: PMC2983207 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810038523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C20H22FNO, the distances close to the carbonyl and amine are: N—O = 3.232 (4) Å and N—C = 2.666 (5) Å. The crystal packing is unremarkable.
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Oxo-bridged isomers of aza-trishomocubane sigma (σ) receptor ligands: Synthesis, in vitro binding, and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:145-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Van der Schyf CJ, Geldenhuys WJ. Polycyclic compounds: ideal drug scaffolds for the design of multiple mechanism drugs? Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:175-86. [PMID: 19110208 PMCID: PMC5084265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there has been a resurging interest in developing multi-functional drugs to treat diseases with complex pathological mechanisms. Such drug molecules simultaneously target multiple etiologies that have been found to be important modulators in specific diseases. This approach has significant promise and may be more effective than using one compound specific for one drug target or, by a polypharmaceutical approach, using a cocktail of two or more drugs. Polycyclic ring structures are useful as starting scaffolds in medicinal chemistry programs to develop multi-functional drugs, and may also be useful moieties added to existing structures to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs currently used in the clinic or under development. This review attempts to provide a synopsis of current published research to exemplify the use of polycyclic compounds as starting molecules to develop multi-functional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Van der Schyf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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van Dijk A, Johnston C, Allbutt H, Kassiou M, Henderson J. Behavioural effects of trishomocubanes in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Behav Brain Res 2008; 190:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu X, Banister SD, Christie MJ, Banati R, Meikle S, Coster MJ, Kassiou M. Trishomocubanes: Novel σ ligands modulate cocaine-induced behavioural effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 555:37-42. [PMID: 17113074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trishomocubane analogues TC1 (N-(3'-fluorophenyl)ethyl-4-azahexacyclo [5.4.1.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9).0(8,11)]dodecan-3-ol) and TC4 (N-(3'-fluorophenyl)methyl-4-azahexacyclo [5.4.1.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9).0(8,11)]dodecan-3-ol) were evaluated for their modulatory effects on locomotor activity as well as interactions with cocaine-induced responses. TC1 and TC4 have high affinity and moderate to high selectivity for sigma(1) (Ki=10 nM, sigma1/sigma2=0.03) and sigma2 (Ki=20 nM, sigma1/sigma2=7.6) receptor subtypes respectively. Both compounds have negligible affinity for the dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT), and norepinephrine (NET) transporters. In behavioural studies, TC1 produced a dose-related inhibition in spontaneous locomotor activity measured in a Digiscan apparatus. TC1 attenuated the stimulatory locomotor effect of 20 mg/kg cocaine with a half-maximal depressant activity (ID50) of 38.6 mg/kg. TC1 (dose range of 25 to 100 mg/kg) also partially substituted for the effect of cocaine (10 mg/kg) in a discriminative stimulus task, involving the trained discrimination between cocaine and saline using a two-lever choice method. Following a dose of 50 mg/kg TC1, a maximum of 31% substitution was reached. The response rate was reduced to 56% of vehicle control following a TC1 dose of 100 mg/kg. These behavioural effects suggest that TC1 can act as an antagonist via the sigma1 receptor. In contrast to TC1, TC4 produced a stimulant effect in locomotor activity with the ED50 estimated at 0.94 mg/kg. In addition, TC4 failed to inhibit cocaine-induced stimulation; neither did it substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine. TC4 thus appears to interact predominantly with the sigma2 receptor subtype (sigma1/sigma2=7.6) which may result in dopamine stimulation independent of the effects of cocaine. The differential effect of TC1 and TC4 warrants further study of the mechanism of these actions. Present data also suggests a potential role for trishomocubane analogues in developing medication or research tools for cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Geldenhuys WJ, Malan SF, Bloomquist JR, Marchand AP, Van der Schyf CJ. Pharmacology and structure-activity relationships of bioactive polycyclic cage compounds: a focus on pentacycloundecane derivatives. Med Res Rev 2005; 25:21-48. [PMID: 15389731 DOI: 10.1002/med.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of organic polycyclic cage compounds has intrigued medicinal chemists for over 50 years, yet little is published about their pharmacological profiles. Polycyclic cage compounds have important pharmaceutical applications, ranging from the symptomatic and proposed curative treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease (e.g., amantadine and memantine), to use as anti-viral agents against influenza and the immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The polycyclic cage appears to be a useful scaffold to yield drugs with a wide scope of applications, and can be used also to modify and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs in current use. This review attempts to summarize the pharmacological profiles of polycyclic cage compounds with an emphasis on the lesser known pentacycloundecanes, homocubanes, and trishomocubanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA
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Nuwayhid SJ, Werling LL. Steroids modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H] dopamine release from rat striatum via sigma receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 306:934-40. [PMID: 12750428 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.052324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids have been proposed as endogenous ligands at sigma receptors. In the current study, we examined the ability of steroids to regulate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated [3H]dopamine release from slices of rat striatal tissue. We found that both progesterone and pregnenolone inhibit [3H]dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner similarly to prototypical agonists, such as (+)-pentazocine. The inhibition seen by both progesterone and pregnenolone exhibits IC50 values consistent with reported Ki values for these steroids obtained in binding studies, and was fully reversed by both the sigma1 antagonist 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-2'-4"flurophenyl)-2'oxoethyl)piperidine HBr (DuP734) and the sigma2 antagonist 1'-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-H-indol-3-yl]-1-butyl]spiro[iso-benzofuran-1(3H), 4'piperidine] (Lu28-179). Lastly, to determine whether a protein kinase C (PKC) signaling system might be involved in the inhibition of NMDA-stimulated [3H]dopamine release, we tested the PKCbeta-selective inhibitor 5,21:12,17-dimetheno-18H-dibenzo[i,o]pyrrolo[3,4 - 1][1,8]diacyclohexadecine-18,20(19H)-dione,8-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-monomethanesulfonate (9Cl) (LY379196) against both progesterone and pregnenolone. We found that LY379196 at 30 nM reversed the inhibition of release by both progesterone and pregnenolone. These findings support steroids as candidates for endogenous ligands at sigma receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer J Nuwayhid
- Department of Pharmacology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Søby KK, Mikkelsen JD, Meier E, Thomsen C. Lu 28-179 labels a sigma(2)-site in rat and human brain. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43:95-100. [PMID: 12213263 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1'-[4-[1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-1-butyl]spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidine] (Lu 28-179) or Siramesine is a sigma-ligand with high specificity for sigma(2)-sites, has been tritiated to directly label these sites in brain. [(3)H]Lu 28-179 bound in a saturable manner to homogenates prepared from rat brain or human cortices with high affinity (K(d)=2.2 and 1.1 nM, respectively) and moderate capacity (B(max)=50+/-12 and 26+/-3 fmol mg tissue(-1), respectively). The rank order of affinity for [(3)H]Lu 28-179 binding to homogenates from human and rat brain was: Lu 28-179>ifenprodil=haloperidol>1,3-di(2-tolyl)-guanidine (DTG)>(-)pentazocinez.Gt;(+)pentazocine. Using in vitro receptor autoradiography to rat brain sections [(3)H]Lu 28-179 binding was shown to be most predominant in the cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, hippocampal formation (CA1-CA3 and dentate gyrus), superior colliculus, molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex and locus coeruleus. Overall, these data are consistent with [(3)H]Lu 28-179 labelling a sigma(2)-like binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Krøyer Søby
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, H Lundbeck A/S, Biological Research, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
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