1
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Hersey M, Mereu M, Jones CS, Bartole MK, Chen AY, Cao J, Hiranita T, Chun LE, Lopez JP, Katz JL, Newman AH, Tanda G. Dual DAT and sigma receptor inhibitors attenuate cocaine effects on nucleus accumbens dopamine dynamics in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38444104 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD) are prevalent; however, no FDA-approved medications have been made available for treatment. Previous studies have shown that dual inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and sigma receptors significantly reduce the behavioral/reinforcing effects of cocaine, which have been associated with stimulation of extracellular dopamine (DA) levels resulting from DAT inhibition. Here, we employ microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) procedures to investigate the effects of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors in combination with cocaine on nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) DA dynamics in naïve male Sprague Dawley rats. In microdialysis studies, administration of rimcazole (3, 10 mg/kg; i.p.) or its structural analog SH 3-24 (1, 3 mg/kg; i.p.), compounds that are dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors, significantly reduced NAS DA efflux stimulated by increasing doses of cocaine (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg; i.v.). Using the same experimental conditions, in FSCV tests, we show that rimcazole pretreatments attenuated cocaine-induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Under the same conditions, JJC8-091, a modafinil analog and dual inhibitor of DAT and sigma receptors, similarly attenuated cocaine-induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Our results provide the neurochemical groundwork towards understanding actions of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors on DA dynamics that likely mediate the behavioral effects of psychostimulants like cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Hersey
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire S Jones
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Andy Y Chen
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Psychobiology Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, and Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lauren E Chun
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica P Lopez
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Elkholy N, Abdelwaly A, Mohamed K, Amata E, Lombino J, Cosentino G, Intagliata S, Helal MA. Discovery of 3-(2-aminoethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-diones as a novel chemotype of sigma-1 receptor ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:25-40. [PMID: 35353926 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptor is a transmembrane non-GPCR protein expressed mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane associated with mitochondria. It is classified into two types: Sigma-1 (S1R) and Sigma-2 (S2R) based on their biological functions. S1R has been implicated in many neurological disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression. Therefore, S1R ligands possess a variety of potential clinical applications with a great interest in the treatment of neuropathic pain. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel lead compound for S1R binding, based on the thiazolidine-2,4-dione nucleus. We have explored hydrophobic groups of different sizes on both sides of the five-membered ring scaffold guided by the crystal structure of S1R. Six compounds showed more than 50% displacement of the radioligand at 10 µM concentration with compound 6c resulting in 100% displacement and a Ki of 95.5 nM. Moreover, compounds 6c and 6e showed a significant selectivity over S2R. In addition, molecular docking predicted that all the compounds showed the critical salt bridge with Glu172 with variable degrees of π-stacking interaction with Tyr103. Upon optimization, this series of compounds could represent potential clinically useful S1R ligands for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Elkholy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Abdelwaly
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karim Mohamed
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed A Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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3
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Huang L, Xiao H, Xie X, Hu F, Tang F, Smith SB, Gan L. Generation of Sigmar1 conditional knockout mouse using CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting. Genesis 2022; 60:e23487. [PMID: 35633570 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Sigma 1 receptor (SIGMAR1) is a transmembrane protein located in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and plays an important role in cell survival as a pluripotent modulator of a variety of signaling pathways related to neurodegeneration. Though SIGMAR1 is a potential target for neurodegenerative diseases, the specific role of SIGMAR1 in different tissue and cell types remains unclear. Here we reported the generation of Sigmar1 conditional knockout (Sigmar1loxP ) mice using CRISPR-Cas9 method to insert loxP sites into the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of Sigmar1. We showed that the insertion of loxP sequences did not affect the expression of Sigmar1 and that Sigmar1loxP/loxP mice exhibited no detectable visual defects compared with wild-type mice at the early adult stage. By crossing Sigmar1loxP mice with retina-specific Six3-Cre and ubiquitous CMV-Cre mice, we confirmed the deletion of Sigmar1 coding regions of exons 1-4, and the retina-specific and global loss of SIGMAR1 expression, respectively. Thus, Sigmar1loxP mice provide a valuable tool for unraveling the tissue and cell-type-specific role of Sigmar1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fulei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Rabiner EA, Smith K, Bennett C, Rizzo G, Lewis Y, Mundin G, Dooner H, Oksche A. Pharmacokinetics and brain σ1 receptor occupancy of MR309, a selective σ1 receptor antagonist. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:1644-1654. [PMID: 34156715 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Preclinical studies of MR309, a selective sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist, support a potential role in treating neuropathic pain. We report 2 studies that provide insight into the pharmacokinetics (PK) and brain σ1R binding of MR309. METHODS Steady-state PK of MR309 (400 mg once daily and 200 mg twice-daily [BID] for 10 days; EudraCT 2015-001818-99 [PK study]) and the relationship between MR309 plasma exposure and brain σ1R occupancy (EudraCT 2017-000670-11 [positron emission tomography study]) were investigated in healthy volunteers. Positron emission tomography using the σ1R ligand [11 C]SA4503 was conducted at baseline, and 2 and 8 hours after a single dose of MR309 (200-800 mg). The relationship between brain σ1R occupancy and MR309 exposure was explored using data-driven model fitting. RESULTS MR309 was well tolerated, brain σ1R occupancy ranged between 30.5 and 74.9% following single-dose MR309 (n = 7). MR309 BID provided a plasma PK profile with less fluctuation than once daily dosing (n = 16). MR309 200 mg BID yielded average steady state plasma concentrations between 2000 and 4000 ng/mL in the PK study, which corresponded to an estimated brain σ1R occupancy of 59-74%. CONCLUSION MR309 200 mg BID dose was below the 75% σ1R occupancy threshold expected to elicit maximal antinociceptive effect as observed in neuropathic pain models. Further investigations of MR309 for neuropathic pain will require higher brain σ1R occupancy, and establish the optimal dose by elucidating the clinical impact of a broad range of brain σ1R occupancy across different neuropathic pain indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro(former Imanova Ltd), A Konica Minolta Company, London, UK
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gaia Rizzo
- Invicro(former Imanova Ltd), A Konica Minolta Company, London, UK
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Lewis
- Invicro(former Imanova Ltd), A Konica Minolta Company, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander Oksche
- Mundipharma Research Limited, Cambridge, UK
- Institut für medizinische und pharmazeutische Prüfungsfragen, Mainz, Germany
- Rudolf-Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Giessen, Germany
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5
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Bareli T, Ahdoot HL, Ben‐Moshe H, Barnea R, Warhaftig G, Maayan R, Roska P, Weizman A, Yadid G. Chronic opipramol treatment extinguishes cocaine craving through Rac1 in responders: A rat model study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13014. [PMID: 33508873 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), of the Rho small GTPase family, is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and plays an important role in dendritic morphogenesis. Cocaine produces neuronal alterations, including structural changes in dendritic number and morphology. Emerging data indicate sigma-1 receptors (σ-1Rs) as a promising candidate for the prevention of cocaine craving. Opipramol is a σ-1R agonist approved in some European countries for depression and anxiety. Here we report that opipramol, mediated by Rac1, attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior in a rat model of self-administration. The opipramol effect was shown in two phases. It decreased cocaine-seeking behavior throughout the withdrawal phase and, interestingly, showed a significant reduction of cocaine-primed reinstatement in 75% of the opipramol-treated group (termed 'responders'). All opipramol-treated rats showed a decrease in σ-1R mRNA expression levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) versus controls. Responders also exhibited significantly decreased NAc Rac1 mRNA expression levels, compared with non-responder rats. Hence, Rac1 differentiated responders from non-responders. Rac1 correlated positively with σ-1R mRNA levels in opipramol responders. In another experiment, Rac1 inhibitor injected directly into the NAc core decreased active lever presses on the first day of extinction, indicating the critical role of Rac1 in the opipramol effect on drug seeking. We postulate that chronic activation of σ-1R, through a dynamic interaction with Rac1, may suggest a new approach to treat substance use disorder (SUD). Rac1 inhibition is a prerequisite for decreasing drug seeking and rehabilitation, and this can be achieved by opipramol, a medication that can be given during detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzofnat Bareli
- Leslie and Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Hadas Levi Ahdoot
- Leslie and Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Hila Ben‐Moshe
- Leslie and Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Royi Barnea
- Leslie and Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Gal Warhaftig
- Leslie and Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Rachel Maayan
- The Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Beilinson Campus Petah Tikva Israel
| | - Paola Roska
- Department for the Treatment of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services, Israeli Ministry of Health Jerusalem Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- The Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Beilinson Campus Petah Tikva Israel
- Research Unit Geha Mental Health Center Petah Tikva Israel
| | - Gal Yadid
- Leslie and Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
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Barwick SR, Siddiq MS, Wang J, Xiao H, Marshall B, Perry E, Smith SB. Sigma 1 Receptor Co-Localizes with NRF2 in Retinal Photoreceptor Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060981. [PMID: 34205384 PMCID: PMC8234060 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R), a modulator of cell survival, has emerged as a novel target for retinal degenerative disease. Studies have shown that activation of Sig1R, using the high affinity ligand (+)-pentazocine ((+)-PTZ), improves cone function in a severe retinopathy model. The rescue is accompanied by normalization of levels of NRF2, a key transcription factor that regulates the antioxidant response. The interaction of Sig1R with a number of proteins has been investigated; whether it interacts with NRF2, however, is not known. We used co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), proximity ligation assay (PLA), and electron microscopy (EM) immunodetection methods to investigate this question in the 661W cone photoreceptor cell line. For co-IP experiments, immune complexes were precipitated by protein A/G agarose beads and immunodetected using anti-NRF2 antibody. For PLA, cells were incubated with anti-Sig1R polyclonal and anti-NRF2 monoclonal antibodies, then subsequently with (−)-mouse and (+)-rabbit PLA probes. For EM analysis, immuno-EM gold labeling was performed using nanogold-enhanced labeling with anti-NRF2 and anti-Sig1R antibodies, and data were confirmed using colloidal gold labeling. The co-IP experiment suggested that NRF2 was bound in a complex with Sig1R. The PLA assays detected abundant orange fluorescence in cones, indicating that Sig1R and NRF2 were within 40 nm of each other. EM immunodetection confirmed co-localization of Sig1R with NRF2 in cells and in mouse retinal tissue. This study is the first to report co-localization of Sig1R-NRF2 and supports earlier studies implicating modulation of NRF2 as a mechanism by which Sig1R mediates retinal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. Barwick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.S.S.); (J.W.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (E.P.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mevish S. Siddiq
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.S.S.); (J.W.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.S.S.); (J.W.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (E.P.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.S.S.); (J.W.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (E.P.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Brendan Marshall
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.S.S.); (J.W.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Elizabeth Perry
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.S.S.); (J.W.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.S.S.); (J.W.); (H.X.); (B.M.); (E.P.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-7392; Fax: +1-706-721-6120
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7
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Almási N, Török S, Dvorácskó S, Tömböly C, Csonka Á, Baráth Z, Murlasits Z, Valkusz Z, Pósa A, Varga C, Kupai K. Lessons on the Sigma-1 Receptor in TNBS-Induced Rat Colitis: Modulation of the UCHL-1, IL-6 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4046. [PMID: 32516975 PMCID: PMC7312485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an autoimmune ailment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is characterized by enhanced activation of proinflammatory cytokines. It is suggested that the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) confers anti-inflammatory effects. As the exact pathogenesis of IBD is still unknown and treatment options are limited, we aimed to investigate the effects of σ1R in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis. To this end, male Wistar-Harlan rats were used to model colitic inflammation through the administration of TNBS. To investigate the effects of σ1R, Fluvoxamine (FLV, σ1R agonist) and BD1063 (σ1R antagonist) were applied via intracolonic administration to the animals once a day for three days. Our radioligand binding studies indicated the existence of σ1Rs as [3H](+)-pentazocine binding sites, and FLV treatment increased the reduced σ1R maximum binding capacity in TNBS-induced colitis. Furthermore, FLV significantly attenuated the colonic damage, the effect of which was abolished by the administration of BD1063. Additionally, FLV potentially increased the expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase ligase-1 (UCHL-1) and the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and decreased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible NOS (iNOS) expression. In summary, our study offers evidence for the anti-inflammatory potential of FLV and σ1R in experimental colitis, and our results present a promising approach to the development of new σ1R-targeted treatment options against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Almási
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.D.); (C.T.)
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Ákos Csonka
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Murlasits
- Laboratory Animals Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Zsuzsanna Valkusz
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
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8
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Noyer L, Lemonnier L, Mariot P, Gkika D. Partners in Crime: Towards New Ways of Targeting Calcium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246344. [PMID: 31888223 PMCID: PMC6940757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of calcium channel interactome in the last decades opened a new way of perceiving ion channel function and regulation. Partner proteins of ion channels can now be considered as major components of the calcium homeostatic mechanisms, while the reinforcement or disruption of their interaction with the channel units now represents an attractive target in research and therapeutics. In this review we will focus on the targeting of calcium channel partner proteins in order to act on the channel activity, and on its consequences for cell and organism physiology. Given the recent advances in the partner proteins’ identification, characterization, as well as in the resolution of their interaction domain structures, we will develop the latest findings on the interacting proteins of the following channels: voltage-dependent calcium channels, transient receptor potential and ORAI channels, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Noyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.N.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
- Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Loic Lemonnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.N.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
- Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Pascal Mariot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.N.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
- Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.N.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
- Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Correspondence: ; Tél.: +33-(0)3-2043-6838
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9
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Cao X, Yao Z, Dou F, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Zhao S, Xu X, Liu X, Liu BF, Chen Y, Zhang G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sigma-1 (σ 1 ) Receptor Ligands Based on Phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800599. [PMID: 30549193 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-allodynic activity. Structure-activity relationship studies identified 1-{4-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]butyl}piperidine (39) with excellent affinity for the σ1 receptor and selectivity for the σ2 receptor, with poor activity to other central nervous system neurotransmitter receptors and transporters associated with pain. Compound 39 exhibited dose-dependent efficacy in suppressing the formalin-induced flinching and attenuating mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic rats. These results suggest that compound 39 exerts potent antihyperalgesic activity and could be considered as a promising candidate for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cao
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Yao
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Fei Dou
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yinli Qiu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqing Xu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
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10
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Dent AT, Mouriño S, Huang W, Wilks A. Post-transcriptional regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa heme assimilation system (Has) fine-tunes extracellular heme sensing. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2771-2785. [PMID: 30593511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that utilizes heme as a primary iron source within the host. Extracellular heme is sensed via a heme assimilation system (has) that encodes an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor system. Herein, using has deletion mutants, quantitative PCR analyses, and immunoblotting, we show that the activation of the σ factor HasI requires heme release from the hemophore HasAp to the outer-membrane receptor HasR. Using RT-PCR and 5'-RACE, we observed that following transcriptional activation of the co-transcribed hasRAp, it is further processed into specific mRNAs varying in stability. We noted that the processing and variation in stability of the hasAp and hasR mRNAs in response to heme provide a mechanism for differential expression from co-transcribed genes. The multiple layers of post-transcriptional regulation of the ECF signaling cascade, including the previously reported post-transcriptional regulation of HasAp by the heme metabolites biliverdin IXβ and IXδ, allow fine-tuning of the cell-surface signaling system in response to extracellular heme levels. We hypothesize that the complex post-transcriptional regulation of the Has system provides P. aeruginosa an advantage in colonizing a variety of physiological niches in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia T Dent
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Susana Mouriño
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Weiliang Huang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Angela Wilks
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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11
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Kurciński M, Jarończyk M, Lipiński PFJ, Dobrowolski JC, Sadlej J. Structural Insights into σ₁ Receptor Interactions with Opioid Ligands by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2018; 23:E456. [PMID: 29463040 PMCID: PMC6017133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances over the past years in understanding the mechanisms of action and the role of the σ₁ receptor, several questions regarding this receptor remain unanswered. This receptor has been identified as a useful target for the treatment of a diverse range of diseases, from various central nervous system disorders to cancer. The recently solved issue of the crystal structure of the σ₁ receptor has made elucidating the structure-activity relationship feasible. The interaction of seven representative opioid ligands with the crystal structure of the σ₁ receptor (PDB ID: 5HK1) was simulated for the first time using molecular dynamics (MD). Analysis of the MD trajectories has provided the receptor-ligand interaction fingerprints, combining information on the crucial receptor residues and frequency of the residue-ligand contacts. The contact frequencies and the contact maps suggest that for all studied ligands, the hydrophilic (hydrogen bonding) interactions with Glu172 are an important factor for the ligands' affinities toward the σ₁ receptor. However, the hydrophobic interactions with Tyr120, Val162, Leu105, and Ile124 also significantly contribute to the ligand-receptor interplay and, in particular, differentiate the action of the agonistic morphine from the antagonistic haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kurciński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Str.1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr F J Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Cz Dobrowolski
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sadlej
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University,1/3 Wóycickiego Str.,01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Hong WC, Yano H, Hiranita T, Chin FT, McCurdy CR, Su TP, Amara SG, Katz JL. The sigma-1 receptor modulates dopamine transporter conformation and cocaine binding and may thereby potentiate cocaine self-administration in rats. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11250-11261. [PMID: 28495886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.774075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine (DA) neurotransmission by recapturing DA into the presynaptic terminals and is a principal target of the psychostimulant cocaine. The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is a molecular chaperone, and its ligands have been shown to modulate DA neuronal signaling, although their effects on DAT activity are unclear. Here, we report that the prototypical σ1R agonist (+)-pentazocine potentiated the dose response of cocaine self-administration in rats, consistent with the effects of the σR agonists PRE-084 and DTG (1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine) reported previously. These behavioral effects appeared to be correlated with functional changes of DAT. Preincubation with (+)-pentazocine or PRE-084 increased the Bmax values of [3H]WIN35428 binding to DAT in rat striatal synaptosomes and transfected cells. A specific interaction between σ1R and DAT was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays. Mutational analyses indicated that the transmembrane domain of σ1R likely mediated this interaction. Furthermore, cysteine accessibility assays showed that σ1R agonist preincubation potentiated cocaine-induced changes in DAT conformation, which were blocked by the specific σ1R antagonist CM304. Moreover, σ1R ligands had distinct effects on σ1R multimerization. CM304 increased the proportion of multimeric σ1Rs, whereas (+)-pentazocine increased monomeric σ1Rs. Together these results support the hypothesis that σ1R agonists promote dissociation of σ1R multimers into monomers, which then interact with DAT to stabilize an outward-facing DAT conformation and enhance cocaine binding. We propose that this novel molecular mechanism underlies the behavioral potentiation of cocaine self-administration by σ1R agonists in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Conrad Hong
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208,
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Susan G Amara
- the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jonathan L Katz
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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13
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Abdulla O, Clayton AD, Faulkner RA, Gill DM, Rice CR, Walton SM, Sweeney JB. Catalytic sp 3 -sp 3 Functionalisation of Sulfonamides: Late-Stage Modification of Drug-Like Molecules. Chemistry 2017; 23:1494-1497. [PMID: 27897342 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new application of Pd-catalysed allylation is reported that enables the synthesis of a range of branched sp3 -functionalised sulfonamides, a compound class for which few reported methods exist. By reacting benzyl sulfonamides with allylic acetates in the presence of Pd0 catalysts and base at room temperature, direct allylation was efficiently performed, yielding products that are analogues of structural motifs seen in biologically active small molecules. The reaction was performed under mild conditions and could be applied to nanomolar sigma-receptor binders, thus enabling a late-stage functionalisation and efficient expansion of drug-like chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Abdulla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Adam D Clayton
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Robert A Faulkner
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Duncan M Gill
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Craig R Rice
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Scarlett M Walton
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Joseph B Sweeney
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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14
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Katnik C, Garcia A, Behensky AA, Yasny IE, Shuster AM, Seredenin SB, Petrov AV, Cuevas J. Activation of σ1 and σ2 receptors by afobazole increases glial cell survival and prevents glial cell activation and nitrosative stress after ischemic stroke. J Neurochem 2016; 139:497-509. [PMID: 27488244 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of sigma receptors at delayed time points has been shown to decrease injury following ischemic stroke. The mixed σ1/σ2 receptor agonist, 5-ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole (afobazole), provides superior long-term outcomes compared to other σ ligands in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. Experiments using the MCAO model were carried out to determine the molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial effects of afobazole. Administration of afobazole (3 mg/kg) at delayed time points post-stroke significantly increased the number of microglia and astrocytes detected in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 96 h post-surgery. Morphological analysis of the microglia indicated that a greater number of these cells were found in the ramified resting state in MCAO animals treated with afobazole relative to MCAO vehicle controls. Similarly, fewer reactive astrocytes were detected in the injured hemisphere of afobazole-treated animals. Both the enhanced survival and reduced activation of glial cells were abolished by co-application of either a σ1 (BD-1063) or a σ2 (SM-21) receptor antagonist with afobazole. To gain further insight into the mechanisms by which afobazole lessens stroke injury, we probed the brain sections for markers of neuroinflammation (tumor necrosis factor α) and nitrosative stress (S-nitrosocysteine). Data show that afobazole significantly reduces S-nitrosocysteine levels, but does not alter tumor necrosis factor α expression 96 h after an ischemic stroke. Taken together our data indicate that afobazole acting via both σ1 and σ2 receptors decreases stroke injury by enhancing glial cell survival, blocking ischemia-induced glial cell activation, and decreasing nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Katnik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Angela Garcia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Adam A Behensky
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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15
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Fang M, Zhang P, Zhao Y, Jin A, Liu X. Aβ mediates Sigma receptor degradation via CaN/NFAT pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3471-3481. [PMID: 27648137 PMCID: PMC5009399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sigma receptor is an endoplasmic reticulum protein and belongs to non-opioid receptor. Increasing evidence shows that Sigma receptor activation can significantly attenuate AD induced neurological dysfunction and the functional deficiency of Sigma receptor plays an important role in the Aβ induced neuronal loss. This study aimed to investigate the influence of extracellular accumulation of Aβ on the Sigma receptor expression. Our results showed the increase in extracellular Aβ had little influence on the mRNA expression of Sigma receptor, but gradually reduced its protein expression. Co-immunoprecipitation was employed to evaluate the interaction of Sigma receptor with other proteins. Results showed BIP could bind to Sigma receptor to affect the ubiquitination of Sigma receptor. Further investigation showed there was a NFAT binding site at the promoter of BIP. Then, Western blot assay was performed to detect NFAT expression. Results showed extracellular Aβ affected the nuclear translocation of NFAT and the CaN activity of NFAT also increased with the accumulation of extracellular Aβ. In this study, NFAT-BIP luciferase reporter gene system was constructed. Results showed NFAT was able to regulate the transcription of BIP. Thus, we speculate that extracellular Aβ accumulation may activate CaN/NFAT signaling pathway to induce chaperone BIP expression, which results in Sigma receptor ubiquitination and its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai, China
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16
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LEVER JOHNR, FERGASON-CANTRELL EMILYA, WATKINSON LISAD, CARMACK TERRYL, LORD SARAHA, XU RONG, MILLER DENNISK, LEVER SUSANZ. Cocaine occupancy of sigma1 receptors and dopamine transporters in mice. Synapse 2016; 70:98-111. [PMID: 26618331 PMCID: PMC4724290 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activation of sigma1 (σ1) receptors contributes to the behavioral and toxic effects of (-)-cocaine. We studied a key step, the ability of (-)-cocaine to occupy σ1 receptors in vivo, using CD-1(®) mice and the novel radioligand [(125) I]E-N-1-(3'-iodoallyl)-N'-4-(3",4"-dimethoxyphenethyl)-piperazine ([(125) I]E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE). (-)-Cocaine displayed an ED50 of 68 μmol/kg for inhibition of specific radioligand binding in whole brain, with values between 73 and 80 μmol/kg for heart, lung, and spleen. For comparison, an ED50 of 26 μmol/kg for (-)-cocaine occupancy of striatal dopamine transporters (DAT) was determined by inhibition of [(125) I]3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester ([(125) I]RTI-121) binding. A chief finding is the relatively small potency difference between (-)-cocaine occupancy of σ1 receptors and the DAT, although the DAT occupancy is likely underestimated. Interactions of (-)-cocaine with σ1 receptors were assessed further using [(125) I]E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE for regional cerebral biodistribution studies and quantitative ex vivo autoradiography of brain sections. (-)-Cocaine binding to cerebral σ1 receptors proved directly proportional to the relative site densities known for the brain regions. Nonradioactive E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE gave an ED50 of 0.23 μmol/kg for occupancy of cerebral σ1 receptors, and a 3.16 μmol/kg (i.p.) dose attenuated (-)-cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity by 30%. This effect did not reach statistical significance, but suggests that E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE is a probable σ1 receptor antagonist. As groundwork for the in vivo studies, we used standard techniques in vitro to determine ligand affinities, site densities, and pharmacological profiles for the σ1 and σ2 receptors expressed in CD-1(®) mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- JOHN R. LEVER
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - EMILY A. FERGASON-CANTRELL
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - LISA D. WATKINSON
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - TERRY L. CARMACK
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - SARAH A. LORD
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - RONG XU
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - DENNIS K. MILLER
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - SUSAN Z. LEVER
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- MU Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212
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17
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Shanmugam AK, Mysona BA, Wang J, Zhao J, Tawfik A, Sanders A, Markand S, Zorrilla E, Ganapathy V, Bollinger KE, Smith SB. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1) Expression in Murine Retina. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:1105-1112. [PMID: 26642738 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1085579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma receptors 1 (σR1) and 2 (σR2) are thought to be two distinct proteins which share the ability to bind multiple ligands, several of which are common to both receptors. Whether σR1 and σR2 share overlapping biological functions is unknown. Recently, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) was shown to contain the putative σR2 binding site. PGRMC1 has not been studied in retina. We hypothesize that biological interactions between σR1 and PGRMC1 will be evidenced by compensatory upregulation of PGRMC1 in σR1-/- mice. METHODS Immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting methods were used to analyze expression of PGRMC1 in wild-type mouse retina. Tissues from σR1-/- mice were used to investigate whether a biological interaction exists between σR1 and PGRMC1. RESULTS In the eye, PGRMC1 is expressed in corneal epithelium, lens, ciliary body epithelium, and retina. In retina, PGRMC1 is present in Müller cells and retinal pigment epithelium. This expression pattern is similar, but not identical to σR1. PGRMC1 protein levels in neural retina and eye cup from σR1-/- mice did not differ from wild-type mice. Nonocular tissues, lung, heart, and kidney showed similar Pgrmc1 gene expression in wild-type and σR1-/- mice. In contrast, liver, brain, and intestine showed increased Pgrmc1 gene expression in σR1-/- mice. CONCLUSION Despite potential biological overlap, deletion of σR1 did not result in a compensatory change in PGRMC1 protein levels in σR1-/- mouse retina. Increased Pgrmc1 gene expression in organs with high lipid content such as liver, brain, and intestine indicates a possible tissue-specific interaction between σR1 and PGRMC1. The current studies establish the presence of PGRMC1 in retina and lay the foundation for analysis of its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul K Shanmugam
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Barbara A Mysona
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Jing Wang
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,c Department of Ophthalmology , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Amany Tawfik
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - A Sanders
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Shanu Markand
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Eric Zorrilla
- d Harold L. Dorris Neurological Research Institute , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,e Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX , USA
| | - Kathryn E Bollinger
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,c Department of Ophthalmology , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,b James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.,c Department of Ophthalmology , Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
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18
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Navarro G, Quiroz C, Moreno-Delgado D, Sierakowiak A, McDowell K, Moreno E, Rea W, Cai NS, Aguinaga D, Howell LA, Hausch F, Cortés A, Mallol J, Casadó V, Lluís C, Canela EI, Ferré S, McCormick PJ. Orexin-corticotropin-releasing factor receptor heteromers in the ventral tegmental area as targets for cocaine. J Neurosci 2015; 35:6639-53. [PMID: 25926444 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4364-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of the neuropeptides corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and orexin-A in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play an important role in stress-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. We provide evidence for pharmacologically significant interactions between CRF and orexin-A that depend on oligomerization of CRF1 receptor (CRF1R) and orexin OX1 receptors (OX1R). CRF1R-OX1R heteromers are the conduits of a negative crosstalk between orexin-A and CRF as demonstrated in transfected cells and rat VTA, in which they significantly modulate dendritic dopamine release. The cocaine target σ1 receptor (σ1R) also associates with the CRF1R-OX1R heteromer. Cocaine binding to the σ1R-CRF1R-OX1R complex promotes a long-term disruption of the orexin-A-CRF negative crosstalk. Through this mechanism, cocaine sensitizes VTA cells to the excitatory effects of both CRF and orexin-A, thus providing a mechanism by which stress induces cocaine seeking.
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19
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Posod A, Pinzer K, Urbanek M, Wegleiter K, Keller M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Griesmaier E. The common antitussive agent dextromethorphan protects against hyperoxia-induced cell death in established in vivo and in vitro models of neonatal brain injury. Neuroscience 2014; 274:260-72. [PMID: 24912029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants are prematurely subjected to relatively high oxygen concentrations, even when supplemental oxygen is not administered. There is increasing evidence to show that an excess of oxygen is toxic to the developing brain. Dextromethorphan (DM), a frequently used antitussive agent with pleiotropic mechanisms of action, has been shown to be neuroprotective in various models of central nervous system pathology. Due to its numerous beneficial properties, it might also be able to counteract detrimental effects of a neonatal oxygen insult. The aim of the current study was to evaluate its therapeutic potential in established cell culture and rodent models of hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury. For in vitro studies pre- and immature oligodendroglial (OLN-93) cells were subjected to hyperoxic conditions for 48 h after pre-treatment with increasing doses of DM. For in vivo studies 6-day-old Wistar rat pups received a single intraperitoneal injection of DM in two different dosages prior to being exposed to hyperoxia for 24h. Cell viability and caspase-3 activation were assessed as outcome parameters at the end of exposure. DM significantly increased cell viability in immature oligodendroglial cells subjected to hyperoxia. In pre-oligodendroglial cells cell viability was not significantly affected by DM treatment. In vivo caspase-3 activation induced by hyperoxic exposure was significantly lower after administration of DM in gray and white matter areas. In control animals kept under normoxic conditions DM did not significantly influence caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. The present results indicate that DM is a promising and safe treatment strategy for neonatal hyperoxia-induced brain injury that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Posod
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Pinzer
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Urbanek
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Wegleiter
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Keller
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Kinderklinik Dritter Orden, Technical University Munich, Bischof Altmann-Street 9, 94032 Passau, Germany
| | - U Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Griesmaier
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Brust P, Deuther-Conrad W, Becker G, Patt M, Donat CK, Stittsworth S, Fischer S, Hiller A, Wenzel B, Dukic-Stefanovic S, Hesse S, Steinbach J, Wünsch B, Lever SZ, Sabri O. Distinctive in vivo kinetics of the new σ1 receptor ligands (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-18F-fluspidine in porcine brain. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1730-6. [PMID: 25071097 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.137562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because of their involvement in growth and survival signaling cascades, the σ(1) receptors (σ(1)Rs) represent a novel target for the treatment of cancer and several brain diseases such as depression and neurodegeneration. From a series of σ1R-specific (18)F-fluoroalkylated spirocyclic piperidines, we have chosen (18)F-fluspidine for detailed investigation of the in vivo kinetics of the (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-enantiomers to identify their potential for imaging in humans. METHODS Enantiopure tosylate precursors for radiolabeling were obtained using chiral preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and used for radiosynthesis of both (18)F-fluspidine enantiomers by nucleophilic substitution with K-(18)F-F-Kryptofix 222-carbonate complex in a synthesis module. Brain pharmacokinetics were investigated by dynamic PET studies in piglets under baseline and blocking conditions using the highly selective σ1R agonist SA4503. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for 24 MR-defined brain regions. Total distribution volume (V(T)) and binding potentials (k3'/k4) of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-(18)F-fluspidine were estimated. Furthermore, V(T) values were estimated by graphical analysis using Logan plots. RESULTS The (S)- and (R)-tosylates were obtained in excellent enantiomeric purities (>98% and >96% enantiomeric excess, respectively). (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-(18)F-fluspidine were synthesized within approximately 70 min (radiochemical yield, 35%-45%; specific activity, 650-870 GBq/μmol; radiochemical purity, >99%). Both radiotracers displayed different brain uptake kinetics. Although the initial brain uptake was similar, the SUV at the end of the study differed significantly (P < 0.05), with (R)-(+)-(18)F-fluspidine showing about 60%-150% higher values. Administration of SA4503 reduced SUV almost equally for both radiotracers by approximately 65%. Furthermore, k(3)' was significantly decreased under blocking conditions in almost all regions ((S)-(-)-(18)F-fluspidine, -90%-95%; (R)-(+)-(18)F-fluspidine, -70%-90%) whereas effects on k(4) differed according to the particular brain region. V(T) estimated by both graphical analysis using Logan plots and full nonlinear kinetic analysis revealed significant inhibition for both radiotracers under blocking conditions. CONCLUSION Both (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-(18)F-fluspidine appear to be suitable for σ1R imaging in humans. The different pharmacokinetics of (S)-(-)-(18)F-fluspidine and (R)-(+)-(18)F-fluspidine may have the potential for application in the diagnostics of different pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and IFB Adiposity Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and IFB Adiposity Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelius K Donat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Hiller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sladjana Dukic-Stefanovic
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and IFB Adiposity Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Susan Z Lever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri MU Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and IFB Adiposity Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Zhao J, Ha Y, Liou GI, Gonsalvez GB, Smith SB, Bollinger KE. Sigma receptor ligand, (+)-pentazocine, suppresses inflammatory responses of retinal microglia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:3375-84. [PMID: 24812552 PMCID: PMC4042630 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of the σ 1 receptor (σR1) agonist, (+)-pentazocine, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory changes in retinal microglia cells. METHODS Retinal microglia cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Cells were treated with LPS with or without (+)-pentazocine and with or without the σR1 antagonist BD1063. Morphologic changes were assayed. Cell viability was assessed by using MTT assay. Supernatant levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 10, (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assayed, and levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were analyzed by using Western blot. RESULTS The σR1 protein was expressed in retinal microglia. Incubation with LPS and/or (+)-pentazocine did not alter cell viability or σR1 protein levels. Incubation with LPS for 24 hours induced a marked change in microglial morphology and a significant increase in secreted levels of TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1, and NO. Pretreatment with (+)-pentazocine inhibited the LPS-induced morphologic changes. Release of TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1, and NO was reduced with (+)-pentazocine. Intracellular ROS formation was suppressed with (+)-pentazocine. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was reduced in the presence of (+)-pentazocine. The σR1 antagonist BD1063 blocked the (+)-pentazocine-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced morphologic changes. In addition, BD1063 treatment blocked (+)-pentazocine-mediated suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1, NO, and intracellular ROS release. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with (+)-pentazocine suppressed inflammatory responses of retinal microglia and inhibited LPS-induced activation of ERK/JNK MAPK. In neurodegenerative disease, (+)-pentazocine may exert neuroprotective effects through manipulation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yonju Ha
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Gregory I. Liou
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Graydon B. Gonsalvez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Bollinger
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor is highly expressed in various rapidly proliferating cancer cells and regarded as a cancer cell biomarker. Selective sigma-2 ligands have been shown to specifically label the tumor sites, induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth. Sigma-2 ligands are potentially useful as cancer diagnostics, anticancer therapeutics, or adjuvant anticancer treatment agents. However, both the cloning of this receptor and the identification of its endogenous ligand have not been successful, and the lack of structural information has severely hindered the understanding of its physiological roles, its signaling pathways, and the development of more selective sigma-2 ligands. Recent data have implicated that sigma-2 binding sites are within the lipid rafts and that PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) complex and sigma-2 receptor may be coupled with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), caspases, and ion channels. Due to its promising applications in cancer management, there are rapidly increasing research efforts that are being directed into this field. This review article updates the current understanding of sigma-2 receptor and its potential physiological roles, applications, interaction with other effectors, with special focuses on the development of sigma-2 ligands, their chemical structures, pharmacological profiles, applications in imaging and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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Ramakrishnan NK, Rybczynska AA, Visser AKD, Marosi K, Nyakas CJ, Kwizera C, Sijbesma JWA, Elsinga PH, Ishiwata K, Pruim J, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Small-animal PET with a σ-ligand, 11C-SA4503, detects spontaneous pituitary tumors in aged rats. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1377-83. [PMID: 23785170 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pituitary tumors are often detected only after death or at late stages of the disease when they are macroadenomas with a low surgical cure rate. Spontaneous pituitary tumors occur in rats over 1 y of age. In an ongoing study of changes in σ-1 agonist binding related to aging, several of our rats developed such tumors. The aim of the current study was to assess the kinetics of (11)C-SA4503 ((11)C-labeled 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenthyl)]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine dihydrochloride) in tumor and brain and to evaluate the utility of this tracer in the detection of pituitary tumors. METHODS Small-animal PET scans of the brain region of male Wistar Hannover rats (age, 18-32 mo) were acquired using the σ-1 agonist tracer (11)C-SA4503. The time-dependent uptake of (11)C in the entire brain, tumor or normal pituitary, and thyroid was measured. A 2-tissue-compartment model was fitted to the PET data, using metabolite-corrected plasma radioactivity as the input function. RESULTS Pituitary tumors showed up as bright hot spots in the scans. The total distribution volume (VT) of the tracer was significantly higher in the tumor than in the normal pituitary. Surprisingly, a higher VT was also seen in the brain and thyroid tissue of animals with pituitary tumors than in healthy rats. The increase in VT in the brain and thyroid was not related to a change in nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) but rather to an increase in the partition coefficient (K1/k2) of (11)C-SA4503. The increase in VT in the tumor on the other hand was accompanied by a significant increase in BPND. Western blotting analysis indicated that pituitary tumors overexpressed σ-1 receptors. CONCLUSION The overexpression of σ-1 receptors in spontaneous pituitary tumors is detected as an increase in uptake and BPND of (11)C-SA4503. Therefore, this tracer may have promise for the detection of pituitary adenomas, using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Iñiguez MA, Punzón C, Nieto R, Burgueño J, Vela JM, Fresno M. Inhibitory effects of sigma-2 receptor agonists on T lymphocyte activation. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:23. [PMID: 23494519 PMCID: PMC3595506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptor ligands are essentially known for their effects on the nervous system although recent studies have shown their potential effects modulating some other pathophysiological processes as cell proliferation, cancer, and the immune response. Here, we have analyzed the actions of σ-1 and σ-2 receptors ligands on T cell activation. Our results show that treatment of Jurkat T cells with σ-2 agonists decreased the induction of the expression of Interleukin (IL)-2, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by activated T cells in a dose-dependent manner. These effects take place at the transcriptional level since σ-2 agonists BD-737 and CB-184 diminished the activity of the promoters of those genes. Those immunosuppressive effects could be attributable to interference with transcription factor activation. Induced transcription mediated by Nuclear factor (NF)-κB or Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) was inhibited by σ-2 agonists. These effects seem to be specific for σ-2 agonists as no significant effects on T cell activation by σ-1 ligands PRE-084 and BD-1063 were found. Our results provide new insights into the immunomodulatory actions of σ ligands and describe a new property of σ-2 agonists, through inhibition of activation of transcription factors as NFAT by which these compounds are regulating gene expression. This may have important consequences on the possible therapeutic use of those compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Iñiguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain
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Hayashi T, Hayashi E, Fujimoto M, Sprong H, Su TP. The lifetime of UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase is controlled by a distinct endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) regulated by sigma-1 receptor chaperones. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43156-69. [PMID: 23105111 PMCID: PMC3522309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.380444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid biosynthesis is initiated by monoglycosylation of ceramides, the action of which is catalyzed either by UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase or by UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGalT). CGalT is expressed predominantly at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of oligodendrocytes and is responsible for synthesizing galactosylceramides (GalCer) that play an important role in regulation of axon conductance. However, despite the importance of ceramide monoglycosylation enzymes in a spectrum of cellular functions, the mechanism that fine tunes activities of those enzymes is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) chaperone, the mammalian homologue of a yeast C8-C7 sterol isomerase, controls the protein level and activity of the CGalT enzyme via a distinct ER-associated degradation system involving Insig. The Sig-1R forms a complex with Insig via its transmembrane domain partly in a sterol-dependent manner and associates with CGalT at the ER. The knockdown of Sig-1Rs dramatically prolonged the lifetime of CGalT without affecting the trimming of N-linked oligosaccharides at CGalT. The increased lifetime leads to the up-regulation of CGalT protein as well as elevated enzymatic activity in CHO cells stably expressing CGalT. Knockdown of Sig-1Rs also decreased CGalT degradation endogenously expressed in D6P2T-schwannoma cells. Our data suggest that Sig-1Rs negatively regulate the activity of GalCer synthesis under physiological conditions by enhancing the degradation of CGalT through regulation of the dynamics of Insig in the lipid-activated ER-associated degradation system. The GalCer synthesis may thus be influenced by sterols at the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hein Sprong
- the National Institute of Public Health and Environment, Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- the Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 and
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Balasuriya D, Stewart AP, Crottès D, Borgese F, Soriani O, Edwardson JM. The sigma-1 receptor binds to the Nav1.5 voltage-gated Na+ channel with 4-fold symmetry. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37021-9. [PMID: 22952230 PMCID: PMC3481303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.382077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) is up-regulated in many human tumors and plays a role in the control of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. At the molecular level, the Sig1R modulates the activity of various ion channels, apparently through a direct interaction. We have previously shown using atomic force microscopy imaging that the Sig1R binds to the trimeric acid-sensing ion channel 1A with 3-fold symmetry. Here, we investigated the interaction between the Sig1R and the Nav1.5 voltage-gated Na(+) channel, which has also been implicated in promoting the invasiveness of cancer cells. We show that the Sig1R and Nav1.5 can be co-isolated from co-transfected cells, consistent with an intimate association between the two proteins. Atomic force microscopy imaging of the co-isolated proteins revealed complexes in which Nav1.5 was decorated by Sig1Rs. Frequency distributions of angles between pairs of bound Sig1Rs had two peaks, at ∼90° and ∼180°, and the 90° peak was about twice the size of the 180° peak. These results demonstrate that the Sig1R binds to Nav1.5 with 4-fold symmetry. Hence, each set of six transmembrane regions in Nav1.5 likely constitutes a Sig1R binding site, suggesting that the Sig1R interacts with the transmembrane regions of its partners. Interestingly, two known Sig1R ligands, haloperidol and (+)-pentazocine, disrupted the Nav1.5/Sig1R interaction both in vitro and in living cells. Finally, we show that endogenously expressed Sig1R and Nav1.5 also functionally interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan Balasuriya
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom and
| | - Andrew P. Stewart
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom and
| | - David Crottès
- Institut de Biologie de Valrose, CNRS UMR 7277, INSERM U1091 UNS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Franck Borgese
- Institut de Biologie de Valrose, CNRS UMR 7277, INSERM U1091 UNS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Soriani
- Institut de Biologie de Valrose, CNRS UMR 7277, INSERM U1091 UNS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - J. Michael Edwardson
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom and
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Fujimoto M, Hayashi T, Urfer R, Mita S, Su TP. Sigma-1 receptor chaperones regulate the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Synapse 2012; 66:630-9. [PMID: 22337473 PMCID: PMC3824965 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular chaperone that regulates protein folding and degradation. The Sig-1R activation by agonists is known to improve memory, promote cell survival, and exert an antidepressant-like action in animals. Cutamesine (SA4503), a selective Sig-1R ligand, was shown to increase BDNF in the hippocampus of rats. How exactly the intracellular chaperone Sig-1R or associated ligand causes the increase of BDNF or any other neurotrophins is unknown. We examined here whether the action of Sig-1Rs may relate to the post-translational processing and release of BDNF in neuroblastoma cell lines. We used in vitro assays and confirmed that cutamesine possesses the bona fide Sig-1R agonist property by causing the dissociation of BiP from Sig-1Rs. The C-terminus of Sig-1Rs exerted robust chaperone activity by completely blocking the aggregation of BDNF and GDNF in vitro. Chronic treatment with cutamesine in rat B104 neuroblastoma caused a time- and dose-dependent potentiation of the secretion of BDNF without affecting the mRNA level of BDNF. Cutamesine decreased the intracellular level of pro-BDNF and mature BDNF whereas increased the extracellular level of mature BDNF. The pulse-chase experiment indicated that the knockdown of Sig-1Rs decreased the secreted mature BDNF in B104 cells without affecting the synthesis of BDNF. Our findings indicate that, in contrast to clinically used antidepressants that promote the transcriptional upregulation of BDNF, the Sig-1R agonist cutamesine potentiates the post-translational processing of neurotrophins. This unique pharmacological profile may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Fujimoto
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health – Cellular Stress Signaling Unit and Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teruo Hayashi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health – Cellular Stress Signaling Unit and Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Tsung-Ping Su
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health – Cellular Stress Signaling Unit and Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current drugs for the treatment of psychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders have limitations. Psychotherapeutic drugs such as typical and atypical antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants and selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, aim to normalize the hyper- or hypo-neurotransmission of monoaminergic systems. Despite their contribution to the outcomes of psychiatric patients, these agents often exert severe side effects and require chronic treatments to promote amelioration of symptoms. Drugs available for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders are severely limited. AREAS COVERED Recent evidence that has shed light on sigma-1 receptor ligands, which may serve as a new class of antidepressants or neuroprotective agents. Sigma-1 receptors are novel ligand-operated molecular chaperones regulating signal transduction, ER stress, cellular redox, cellular survival and synaptogenesis. Selective sigma-1 receptor ligands exert rapid antidepressant-like, anxiolytic, antinociceptive and robust neuroprotective actions in preclinical studies. Recent studies that suggest that reactive oxygen species might play a role as signal integrators downstream of Sig-1Rs are also covered. EXPERT OPINION The advances in sigma receptor research in the last decade have begun to elucidate the intracellular signal cascades upstream and downstream of sigma-1 receptors. The novel ligand-operated properties of the sigma-1 receptor chaperone may enable interventions by which stress-related cellular systems can be pharmacologically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Hayashi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health-Cellular Stress Signaling Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Hajipour AR, Fontanilla D, Chu UB, Arbabian M, Ruoho AE. Synthesis and characterization of N,N-dialkyl and N-alkyl-N-aralkyl fenpropimorph-derived compounds as high affinity ligands for sigma receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4397-404. [PMID: 20493718 PMCID: PMC3565575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is a unique non-opioid, non-PCP binding site that has been implicated in many different pathophysiological conditions including psychosis, drug addiction, retinal degeneration and cancer. Based on the structure of fenpropimorph, a high affinity (K(i)=0.005 nM)(1) sigma-1 receptor ligand and strong inhibitor of the yeast sterol isomerase (ERG2), we previously deduced a basic sigma-1 receptor pharmacophore or chemical backbone composed of a phenyl ring attached to a di-substituted nitrogen atom via an alkyl chain.(2) Here, we report the design and synthesis of various N,N-dialkyl or N-alkyl-N-aralkyl derivatives based on this pharmacophore as well as their binding affinities to the sigma-1 receptor. We introduce three high affinity sigma-1 receptor compounds, N,N-dibutyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propylamine (9), N,N-dibutyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propylamine (3), and N-propyl-N'-4-aminophenylethyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propylamine (20) with K(i) values of 17.7 nM, 0.36 nM, and 6 nM, respectively. In addition to sigma receptor affinity, we show through cytotoxicity assays that growth inhibition of various tumor cell lines occurs with our high affinity N,N-dialkyl or N-alkyl-N-aralkyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol R. Hajipour
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, IR Iran
| | - Dominique Fontanilla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Uyen B. Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Marty Arbabian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Arnold E. Ruoho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706
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Abstract
Chaperones are proteins that assist the correct folding of other protein clients either when the clients are being synthesized or at their functional localities. Chaperones are responsible for certain diseases. The sigma-1 receptor is recently identified as a receptor chaperone whose activity can be activated/deactivated by specific ligands. Under physiological conditions, the sigma-1 receptor chaperones the functional IP3 receptor at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrion interface to ensure proper Ca(2+) signaling from endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondrion. However, under pathological conditions whereby cells encounter enormous stress that results in the endoplasmic reticulum losing its global Ca(2+) homeostasis, the sigma-1 receptor translocates and counteracts the arising apoptosis. Thus, the sigma-1 receptor is a receptor chaperone essential for the metabotropic receptor signaling and for the survival against cellular stress. The sigma-1 receptor has been implicated in many diseases including addiction, pain, depression, stroke, and cancer. Whether the chaperone activity of the sigma-1 receptor attributes to those diseases awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yi Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, IRP, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Teruo Hayashi
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, IRP, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tomohisa Mori
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, IRP, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, IRP, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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31
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Heard K, Palmer R, Zahniser NR. Mechanisms of acute cocaine toxicity. Open Pharmacol J 2008; 2:70-78. [PMID: 19568322 PMCID: PMC2703432 DOI: 10.2174/1874143600802010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute cocaine poisoning present with life-threatening symptoms involving several organ systems. While the effects of cocaine are myriad, they are the result of a limited number of cocaine-protein interactions, including monoamine transporters, neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-gated ion channels. These primary interactions trigger a cascade of events that ultimately produce the clinical effects. The purpose of this article is to review the primary interactions of cocaine and the effects that these interactions trigger. We also describe the progression of symptoms observed in cocaine poisoning as they relate to serum cocaine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennon Heard
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health
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32
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Schetz JA, Perez E, Liu R, Chen S, Lee I, Simpkins JW. A prototypical Sigma-1 receptor antagonist protects against brain ischemia. Brain Res 2007; 1181:1-9. [PMID: 17919467 PMCID: PMC4896215 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that the Sigma-1 ligand 4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine (PPBP) protects the brain from ischemia. Less clear is whether protection is mediated by agonism or antagonism of the Sigma-1 receptor, and whether drugs already in use for other indications and that interact with the Sigma-1 receptor might also prevent oxidative damage due to conditions such as cerebral ischemic stroke. The antipsychotic drug haloperidol is an antagonist of Sigma-1 receptors and in this study it potently protects against oxidative stress-related cell death in vitro at low concentrations. The protective potency of haloperidol and a number of other butyrophenone compounds positively correlate with their affinity for a cloned Sigma-1 receptor, and the protection is mimicked by a Sigma-1 receptor-selective antagonist (BD1063), but not an agonist (PRE-084). In vivo, an acute low dose (0.05 mg/kg s.c.) of haloperidol reduces by half the ischemic lesion volume induced by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. These in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical results suggest that a low dose of acutely administered haloperidol might have a novel application as a protective agent against ischemic cerebral stroke and other types of brain injury with an ischemic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.
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33
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Wang J, Mack AL, Coop A, Matsumoto RR. Novel sigma (sigma) receptor agonists produce antidepressant-like effects in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2007; 17:708-16. [PMID: 17376658 PMCID: PMC4041597 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Many antidepressant drugs interact with sigma receptors and accumulating evidence suggests that these proteins mediate antidepressant-like effects in animals and humans. sigma Receptors are localized in brain regions affected in depression, further strengthening the hypothesis that they represent logical drug development targets. In this study, two novel sigma receptor agonists (UMB23, UMB82) were evaluated for antidepressant-like activity in mice. First, radioligand binding studies confirmed that the novel compounds had preferential affinity for sigma receptors. Second, the forced swim test, a well established animal model for screening potential antidepressant drugs, showed that both compounds dose-dependently reduced immobility time. The sigma receptor antagonist BD1047 attenuated the antidepressant-like effects of UMB23 and UMB82. Third, locomotor activity suggested that the effects of UMB23 and UMB82 in the forced swim test were not due to non-specific motor activating effects. Together, the data provide further evidence that sigma receptor agonists represent a possible new class of antidepressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Aisha L. Mack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA
| | - Andrew Coop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Rae R. Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA
- Corresponding author: Rae R. Matsumoto, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 303 Faser Hall, University, MS 38677. Telephone: +1-662-915-1466; Fax: +1-662-915-5148;
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34
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Dun Y, Thangaraju M, Prasad P, Ganapathy V, Smith SB. Prevention of excitotoxicity in primary retinal ganglion cells by (+)-pentazocine, a sigma receptor-1 specific ligand. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:4785-94. [PMID: 17898305 PMCID: PMC3742388 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma receptors (sigmaRs) are nonopioid, nonphencyclidine binding sites with robust neuroprotective properties. Previously, the authors induced death in the RGC-5 cell line using very high concentrations (1 mM) of the excitatory amino acids glutamate (Glu) and homocysteine (Hcy) and demonstrated that the sigmaR1 ligand (+)-pentazocine ((+)-PTZ) could protect against cell death. The purpose of the present study was to establish a physiologically relevant paradigm for testing the neuroprotective effect of (+)-PTZ in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS Primary ganglion cells (GCs) were isolated by immunopanning from retinas of 1-day-old mice, maintained in culture for 3 days, and exposed to 10, 20, 25, or 50 microM Glu or 10, 25, 50, or 100 microM Hcy for 6 or 18 hours in the presence or absence of (+)-PTZ (0.5, 1, 3 microM). Cell viability was measured using the viability and apoptosis detection fluorescein in situ assays. Expression of sigmaR1 was assessed by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. Morphologic appearance of live ganglion cells and their processes was examined over time (0, 3, 6, 18 hours) by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy after exposure to excitotoxins in the presence or absence of (+)-PTZ. RESULTS Primary GCs showed robust sigmaR1 expression. The cells were exquisitely sensitive to Glu or Hcy toxicity (6-hour treatment with 25 or 50 microM Glu or 50 or 100 microM Hcy induced marked cell death). Primary GCs pretreated for 1 hour with (+)-PTZ followed by 18-hour cotreatment with 25 microM Glu and (+)-PTZ showed a marked decrease in cell death: 25 microM Glu alone, 50%; 25 microM Glu/0.5 microM (+)-PTZ, 38%; 25 microM Glu/1 microM (+)-PTZ, 20%; 25 microM Glu/3 microM (+)-PTZ, 18%. Similar results were obtained with Hcy. sigmaR1 mRNA and protein levels did not change in the presence of the excitotoxins. DIC examination of cells exposed to excitotoxins revealed substantial disruption of neuronal processes; cotreatment with (+)-PTZ revealed marked preservation of these processes. The stereoselective effect of (+)-PTZ for sigmaR1 was established in experiments in which (-)-PTZ, the levo-isomer form of pentazocine, had no neuroprotective effect on excitotoxin-induced ganglion cell death. CONCLUSIONS Primary GCs express sigmaR1; their marked sensitivity to Glu and Hcy toxicity mimics the sensitivity observed in vivo, making them a highly relevant model for testing neuroprotection. Pretreatment of cells with 1 to 3 microM (+)-PTZ, but not (-)-PTZ, affords significant protection against Glu- and Hcy-induced cell death. sigmaR1 ligands may be useful therapeutic agents in retinal diseases in which ganglion cells die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dun
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Puttur Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
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Jiang G, Mysona B, Dun Y, Gnana-Prakasam JP, Pabla N, Li W, Dong Z, Ganapathy V, Smith SB. Expression, subcellular localization, and regulation of sigma receptor in retinal muller cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:5576-82. [PMID: 17122151 PMCID: PMC3724475 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma receptors (sigmaRs) are nonopioid, nonphencyclidine binding sites with robust neuroprotective properties. Type 1 sigmaR1 (sigmaR1) is expressed in brain oligodendrocytes, but its expression and binding capacity have not been analyzed in retinal glial cells. This study examined the expression, subcellular localization, binding activity, and regulation of sigmaR1 in retinal Müller cells. METHODS Primary mouse Müller cells (MCs) were analyzed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry for the expression of sigmaR1, and data were compared with those of the rat Müller cell line (rMC-1) and the rat ganglion cell line (RGC-5). Confocal microscopy was used to determine the subcellular sigmaR1 location in primary mouse MCs. Membranes prepared from these cells were used for binding assays with [3H]-pentazocine (PTZ). The kinetics of binding, the ability of various sigmaR1 ligands to compete with sigmaR1 binding, and the effects of donated nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on binding were examined. RESULTS sigmaR1 is expressed in primary mouse MCs and is localized to the nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Binding assays showed that in primary mouse MCs, rMC-1, and RGC-5, the binding of PTZ was saturable. [3H]-PTZ bound with high affinity in RGC-5 and rMC-1 cells, and the binding was similarly robust in primary mouse MCs. Competition studies showed marked inhibition of [3H]-PTZ binding in the presence of sigmaR1-specific ligands. Incubation of cells with NO and ROS donors markedly increased sigmaR1 binding activity. CONCLUSIONS MCs express sigmaR1 and demonstrate robust sigmaR1 binding activity, which is inhibited by sigmaR1 ligands and is stimulated during oxidative stress. The potential of Müller cells to bind sigmaR1 ligands may prove beneficial in retinal degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Jiang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Barbara Mysona
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Ying Dun
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Jaya P. Gnana-Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Navjotsin Pabla
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
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36
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Ola MS, Moore P, Maddox D, El-Sherbeny A, Huang W, Roon P, Agarwal N, Ganapathy V, Smith SB. Analysis of sigma receptor (sigmaR1) expression in retinal ganglion cells cultured under hyperglycemic conditions and in diabetic mice. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002; 107:97-107. [PMID: 12425939 PMCID: PMC3773709 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 sigma receptor (sigmaR1) is a nonopiate and nonphencyclidine binding site that has numerous pharmacological and physiological functions. In some studies, agonists for sigmaR1 have been shown to afford neuroprotection against overstimulation of the NMDA receptor. sigmaR1 expression has been demonstrated recently in retinal ganglion cells (RGC). RGCs undergo apoptosis early in diabetic retinopathy via NMDA receptor overstimulation. In the present study we asked whether RGCs cultured under hyperglycemic conditions and RGCs of diabetic mice continue to express sigmaR1. RGCs were cultured 48 h in RPMI medium containing either 45 mM glucose or 11 mM glucose plus 34 mM mannitol (osmolar control). C57BL/6 mice were made diabetic using streptozotocin. The retina was dissected from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice 3, 6 and 12 weeks post-onset of diabetes. sigmaR1 was analyzed in cells using semiquantitative RT-PCR and in tissues by semiquantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blot analysis and immunolocalization. The RT-PCR analysis of cultured RGCs showed that sigmaR1 mRNA is expressed under hyperglycemic conditions at levels similar to control cells. Similarly, analysis of retinas of diabetic mice showed no difference in levels of mRNA encoding sigmaR1 compared to retinas of control mice. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression patterns of sigmaR1 mRNA in the ganglion cell layer were similar between diabetic and control mice. Western blot analysis suggested that levels of sigmaR1 in retina were similar between diabetic and control retinas. Immunohistochemical analysis of sigmaR1 showed a similar pattern of sigmaR1 protein expression between control and diabetic retina. These studies demonstrate that sigmaR1 is expressed under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy
- Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nerve Degeneration/drug therapy
- Nerve Degeneration/physiopathology
- Nerve Degeneration/prevention & control
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, sigma/genetics
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology
- Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shamsul Ola
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Pamela Moore
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Dennis Maddox
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Amira El-Sherbeny
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Penny Roon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Please send correspondence to: Sylvia B. Smith, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, CB 2820, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, phone: (706) 721-7392, fax: (706) 721-6839,
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37
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Ola MS, Moore P, El-Sherbeny A, Roon P, Agarwal N, Sarthy VP, Casellas P, Ganapathy V, Smith SB. Expression pattern of sigma receptor 1 mRNA and protein in mammalian retina. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 95:86-95. [PMID: 11687279 PMCID: PMC3742362 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptors are nonopiate and nonphencyclidine binding sites that are thought to be neuroprotective due to modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Sigma receptor 1 expression has been demonstrated in numerous tissues including brain. Recently, studies using binding assays have demonstrated sigma receptor 1 in neural retina, however these studies did not demonstrate in which retinal cell type(s) sigma receptor 1 was present nor did they establish unequivocally the molecular identity of the receptor. The present study was designed to address these issues. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis amplified sigma receptor 1 in neural retina, RPE-choroid complex, and lens isolated from mice. A similar RT-PCR product was amplified also in three cultured cell lines, rat Müller cells, rat ganglion cells and human ARPE-19 cells. In situ hybridization analysis revealed abundant sigma receptor 1 expression in ganglion cells, cells of the inner nuclear layer, inner segments of photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Immunohistochemical studies detected the sigma receptor 1 protein in retinal ganglion, photoreceptor, RPE cells and surrounding the soma of cells in the inner nuclear layer. These data provide the first cellular localization of sigma receptor 1 in neural retina and establish the molecular identity of sigma receptor 1 in retinal cells. The demonstration that sigma receptor 1 is present in ganglion cells is particularly noteworthy given the well-documented susceptibility of these cells to glutamate toxicity. Our findings suggest that retinal ganglion cells may be amenable to the neuroprotective effects of sigma ligands under conditions of neurotoxicity such as occurs in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shamsul Ola
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Pamela Moore
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Amira El-Sherbeny
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Penny Roon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Vijay P. Sarthy
- Dept of Ophthalmology Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
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