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Hersey M, Mereu M, Jones CS, Bartole MK, Chen AY, Cao J, Hiranita T, Chun LE, Lopez JP, Katz JL, Newman AH, Tanda G. Dual DAT and sigma receptor inhibitors attenuate cocaine effects on nucleus accumbens dopamine dynamics in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38444104 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD) are prevalent; however, no FDA-approved medications have been made available for treatment. Previous studies have shown that dual inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and sigma receptors significantly reduce the behavioral/reinforcing effects of cocaine, which have been associated with stimulation of extracellular dopamine (DA) levels resulting from DAT inhibition. Here, we employ microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) procedures to investigate the effects of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors in combination with cocaine on nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) DA dynamics in naïve male Sprague Dawley rats. In microdialysis studies, administration of rimcazole (3, 10 mg/kg; i.p.) or its structural analog SH 3-24 (1, 3 mg/kg; i.p.), compounds that are dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors, significantly reduced NAS DA efflux stimulated by increasing doses of cocaine (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg; i.v.). Using the same experimental conditions, in FSCV tests, we show that rimcazole pretreatments attenuated cocaine-induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Under the same conditions, JJC8-091, a modafinil analog and dual inhibitor of DAT and sigma receptors, similarly attenuated cocaine-induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Our results provide the neurochemical groundwork towards understanding actions of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors on DA dynamics that likely mediate the behavioral effects of psychostimulants like cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Hersey
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire S Jones
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Andy Y Chen
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Psychobiology Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, and Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lauren E Chun
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica P Lopez
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kita A, Okazawa H, Sugimoto K, Kosaka N, Kidoya E, Tsujikawa T. Specific Binding Ratio Estimation of [ 123I]-FP-CIT SPECT Using Frontal Projection Image and Machine Learning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081371. [PMID: 37189472 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a new convolutional neural network (CNN) method for estimating the specific binding ratio (SBR) from only frontal projection images in single-photon emission-computed tomography using [123I]ioflupane. We created five datasets to train two CNNs, LeNet and AlexNet: (1) 128FOV used a 0° projection image without preprocessing, (2) 40FOV used 0° projection images cropped to 40 × 40 pixels centered on the striatum, (3) 40FOV training data doubled by data augmentation (40FOV_DA, left-right reversal only), (4) 40FOVhalf, and (5) 40FOV_DAhalf, split into left and right (20 × 40) images of 40FOV and 40FOV_DA to separately evaluate the left and right SBR. The accuracy of the SBR estimation was assessed using the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, correlation coefficient, and slope. The 128FOV dataset had significantly larger absolute errors compared to all other datasets (p < 0. 05). The best correlation coefficient between the SBRs using SPECT images and those estimated from frontal projection images alone was 0.87. Clinical use of the new CNN method in this study was feasible for estimating the SBR with a small error rate using only the frontal projection images collected in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Kita
- Radiological Center, University of Fukui Hospital, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Okazawa
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sugimoto
- Radiological Center, University of Fukui Hospital, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kosaka
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Eiji Kidoya
- Radiological Center, University of Fukui Hospital, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsujikawa
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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3
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Gan J, Wu X, Wan Y, Zhao J, Song L, Wu N, Wang H, Yin Y, Liu Z. Evolution characteristics of dynamic balance disorder over the course of PD and relationship with dopamine depletion. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1075572. [PMID: 36816750 PMCID: PMC9932274 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1075572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the evolution of dynamic balance impairment during the course of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to clarify the contribution of striatal dopaminergic innervation to poor dynamic balance. Methods In our study, 89 patients with PD (divided into 2 groups according to the H-Y stage) and 39 controls were included. Kinematic data were recorded by a portable inertial measurement unit system. Dopaminergic loss in the striatal subregion was verified through the 11C-CFT PET examination. The severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) was assessed by the Scheltens scale. The correlation between dynamic kinematic parameters and dopamine transporter availability was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. Results Patients with early PD presented with imbalance featured by smaller three-dimensional trunk ROM with reduced trunk coronal angular velocity during walking and with reduced trunk sagittal angular velocity during the stand-to-sit task (all p < 0.05). These abnormalities were not more severe at a later stage. The ROM in the coronal and transverse planes during walking correlated with caudate DAT uptake (β = 0.832, p = 0.006, Q = 0.030, and β = 0.890, p = 0.003, Q = 0.030) after controlling for age, gender, and WMHs. As the disease progressed, the trunk sagittal and transverse angular velocities during walking and trunk sagittal angular velocity when turning and sitting-to-standing were slower, which was accompanied by reduced gait velocity gradually (all p < 0.05). These parameters related to disease progression have no association with striatal DAT uptake (all p > 0.05). Conclusion The dynamic balance in PD was impaired from the early stages, and the characteristics of the impairment changed differently as the disease progressed. Dopaminergic denervation has a lower contribution to dynamic balance disorders throughout PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafu Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yafu Yin ✉
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhenguo Liu ✉
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Sutton C, Williams EQ, Homsi H, Beerepoot P, Nazari R, Han D, Ramsey AJ, Mash DC, Olson DE, Blough B, Salahpour A. Structure-Activity Relationships of Dopamine Transporter Pharmacological Chaperones. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:832536. [PMID: 35614973 PMCID: PMC9124866 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.832536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) have been implicated in many human diseases. Among these is the infantile parkinsonism-dystonia known as Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome (DTDS). Afflicted individuals have minimal to no functional dopamine transporter protein. This is primarily due to retention of misfolded disease-causing dopamine transporter variants. This results in a variety of severe motor symptoms in patients and the disease ultimately leads to death in adolescence or young adulthood. Though no treatment is currently available, pharmacological chaperones targeting the dopamine transporter have been shown to rescue select DTDS disease-causing variants. Previous work has identified two DAT pharmacological chaperones with moderate potency and efficacy: bupropion and ibogaine. In this study, we carried out structure-activity relationships (SARs) for bupropion and ibogaine with the goal of identifying the chemical features required for pharmacological chaperone activity. Our results show that the isoquinuclidine substituent of ibogaine and its analogs is an important feature for pharmacological chaperone efficacy. For bupropion, the secondary amine group is essential for pharmacological chaperone activity. Lastly, we describe additional ibogaine and bupropion analogs with varying chemical modifications and variable pharmacological chaperone efficacies at the dopamine transporter. Our results contribute to the design and refinement of future dopamine transporter pharmacological chaperones with improved efficacies and potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sutton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Q. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoomam Homsi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pieter Beerepoot
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy J. Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Departments of Neurology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David E. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, North Carolina, NC, United States
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Aster HC, Romanos M, Walitza S, Gerlach M, Mühlberger A, Rizzo A, Andreatta M, Hasenauer N, Hartrampf PE, Nerlich K, Reiners C, Lorenz R, Buck AK, Deserno L. Responsivity of the Striatal Dopamine System to Methylphenidate-A Within-Subject I-123-β-CIT-SPECT Study in Male Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:804730. [PMID: 35492708 PMCID: PMC9046584 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.804730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MPH binds to the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), which has high density in the striatum. Assessments of the striatal dopamine transporter by single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) in childhood and adolescent patients are rare but can provide insight on how the effects of MPH affect DAT availability. The aim of our within-subject study was to investigate the effect of MPH on DAT availability and how responsivity to MPH in DAT availability is linked to clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning. METHODS Thirteen adolescent male patients (9-16 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD according to the DSM-IV and long-term stimulant medication (for at least 6 months) with MPH were assessed twice within 7 days using SPECT after application of I-123-β-CIT to examine DAT binding potential (DAT BP). SPECT measures took place in an on- and off-MPH status balanced for order across participants. A virtual reality continuous performance test was performed at each time point. Further clinical symptoms were assessed for baseline off-MPH. RESULTS On-MPH status was associated with a highly significant change (-29.9%) of striatal DAT BP as compared to off-MPH (t = -4.12, p = 0.002). A more pronounced change in striatal DAT BP was associated with higher off-MPH attentional and externalizing symptom ratings (Pearson r = 0.68, p = 0.01). Striatal DAT BP off-MPH, but not on-MPH, was associated with higher symptom ratings (Pearson r = 0.56, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our findings corroborate previous reports from mainly adult samples that MPH changes striatal DAT BP availability and suggest higher off-MPH DAT BP, likely reflecting low baseline DA levels, as a marker of symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christoph Aster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert Rizzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California (USC) Davis School of Gerontology and USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marta Andreatta
- Clinical Psychology, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natalie Hasenauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Kai Nerlich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiners
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lorenz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Threlfell S, Mohammadi AS, Ryan BJ, Connor-Robson N, Platt NJ, Anand R, Serres F, Sharp T, Bengoa-Vergniory N, Wade-Martins R, Ewing A, Cragg SJ, Brimblecombe KR. Striatal Dopamine Transporter Function Is Facilitated by Converging Biology of α-Synuclein and Cholesterol. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:658244. [PMID: 33935654 PMCID: PMC8081845 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.658244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine transporters (DAT) powerfully regulate dopamine signaling, and can contribute risk to degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). DATs can interact with the neuronal protein α-synuclein, which is associated with the etiology and molecular pathology of idiopathic and familial PD. Here, we tested whether DAT function in governing dopamine (DA) uptake and release is modified in a human-α-synuclein-overexpressing (SNCA-OVX) transgenic mouse model of early PD. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FCV) in ex vivo acute striatal slices to detect DA release, and biochemical assays, we show that several aspects of DAT function are promoted in SNCA-OVX mice. Compared to background control α-synuclein-null mice (Snca-null), the SNCA-OVX mice have elevated DA uptake rates, and more pronounced effects of DAT inhibitors on evoked extracellular DA concentrations ([DA]o) and on short-term plasticity (STP) in DA release, indicating DATs play a greater role in limiting DA release and in driving STP. We found that DAT membrane levels and radioligand binding sites correlated with α-synuclein level. Furthermore, DAT function in Snca-null and SNCA-OVX mice could also be promoted by applying cholesterol, and using Tof-SIMS we found genotype-differences in striatal lipids, with lower striatal cholesterol in SNCA-OVX mice. An inhibitor of cholesterol efflux transporter ABCA1 or a cholesterol chelator in SNCA-OVX mice reduced the effects of DAT-inhibitors on evoked [DA]o. Together these data indicate that human α-synuclein in a mouse model of PD promotes striatal DAT function, in a manner supported by extracellular cholesterol, suggesting converging biology of α-synuclein and cholesterol that regulates DAT function and could impact DA function and PD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Threlfell
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Connor-Robson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Platt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rishi Anand
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Serres
- University Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Sharp
- University Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Bengoa-Vergniory
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine R Brimblecombe
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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Buccheri C, Festucci F, Potestà M, Roglia V, Bernardini R, Minutolo A, Montesano C, Adriani W. Micro-Vesicles of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Heterozygous Rats for DAT Gene: Effects of Oral Intake on Behavioral Profile and Hematological Parameters. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2322. [PMID: 33652987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown multiple biological properties of Moringa oleifera, a plant native to Africa and Asia. In the present study, potential physiological properties of microvesicles extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds were assessed. For this purpose, we investigated behavioral profile and hematological parameters in a recent rat model characterized by dysregulation in dopamine transporter, a key regulator of dopaminergic system. Experimental design consisted of male Wistar-DAT rats aged between two and four months: wild-type (WT) (n = 5) and heterozygous (DATHET) (n = 4) control groups, which drank tap water; WT (n = 5) and DATHET (n = 6) groups which drank a solution of Moringa microvesicles and water (2: 68 mL per day), which was orally administered for two months. Rats were monitored for spontaneous locomotor activity on a 24/7 basis. In the early lit hours, treated DATHET subjects showed higher locomotor activity, proposing a sleep-delay effect of Moringa. In forced swimming test, WT subjects who took Moringa exhibited more depressive behavior. In DATHET rats, Moringa seemed to potentiate the struggle to find a way out, counteracting an initial panic. Hemoglobin and hematocrit underwent opposite changes in either genotype, supporting the opposite effects on behavioral phenotype observed. Future work is clearly needed to further explore these preliminary profiles.
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Ingram SM, Rana T, Manson AM, Yayah FM, Jackson EGB, Anderson C, Davids BO, Goodwin JS. Optogenetically-induced multimerization of the dopamine transporter increases uptake and trafficking to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100787. [PMID: 34015332 PMCID: PMC8203837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is essential for the reuptake of the released neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the brain. Psychostimulants, methamphetamine and cocaine, have been reported to induce the formation of DAT multimeric complexes in vivo and in vitro. The interpretation of DAT multimer function has been primarily in the context of compounds that induce structural and functional modifications of the DAT, complicating the understanding of the significance of DAT multimers. To examine multimerization in the absence of DAT ligands as well as in their presence, we developed a novel, optogenetic fusion chimera of cryptochrome 2 and DAT with an mCherry fluorescent reporter (Cry2-DAT). Using blue light to induce Cry2-DAT multimeric protein complex formation, we were able to simultaneously test the functional contributions of DAT multimerization in the absence or presence of substrates or inhibitors with high spatiotemporal precision. We found that blue light-stimulated Cry2-DAT multimers significantly increased IDT307 uptake and MFZ 9-18 binding in the absence of ligands as well as after methamphetamine and nomifensine treatment. Blue light-induced Cry2-DAT multimerization increased colocalization with recycling endosomal marker Rab11 and had decreased presence in Rab5-positive early endosomes and Rab7-positive late endosomes. Our data suggest that the increased uptake and binding results from induced and rapid trafficking of DAT multimers to the plasma membrane. Our data suggest that DAT multimers may function to help maintain DA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalonda M Ingram
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tanu Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashley M Manson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Faisal M Yayah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evan G B Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benem-Orom Davids
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Shawn Goodwin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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9
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Sogawa C, Eguchi T, Tran MT, Ishige M, Trin K, Okusha Y, Taha EA, Lu Y, Kawai H, Sogawa N, Takigawa M, Calderwood SK, Okamoto K, Kozaki KI. Antiparkinson Drug Benztropine Suppresses Tumor Growth, Circulating Tumor Cells, and Metastasis by Acting on SLC6A3/DAT and Reducing STAT3. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E523. [PMID: 32102440 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth, progression, and therapy resistance are crucial factors in the prognosis of cancer. The properties of three-dimensional (3D) tumor-like organoids (tumoroids) more closely resemble in vivo tumors compared to two-dimensionally cultured cells and are therefore effectively used for assays and drug screening. We here established a repurposed drug for novel anticancer research and therapeutics using a 3D tumoroid-based screening system. We screened six pharmacologically active compounds by using an original tumoroid-based multiplex phenotypic screening system with a matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) promoter-driven fluorescence reporter for the evaluation of both tumoroid formation and progression. The antiparkinson drug benztropine was the most effective compound uncovered by the screen. Benztropine significantly inhibited in vitro tumoroid formation, cancer cell survival, and MMP9 promoter activity. Benztropine also reduced the activity of oncogenic signaling transducers and trans-activators for MMP9, including STAT3, NF-κB, and β-catenin, and the properties of cancer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells. Benztropine and GBR-12935 directly targeted the dopamine transporter DAT/SLC6A3, whose genetic alterations such as amplification were correlated with poor prognosis for cancer patients. Benztropine also inhibited the tumor growth, circulating tumor cell (CTC) number, and rate of metastasis in a tumor allograft model in mice. In conclusion, we propose the repurposing of benztropine for anticancer research and therapeutics that can suppress tumor progression, CTC, and metastasis of aggressive cancers by reducing key pro-tumorigenic factors.
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Pettorruso M, Martinotti G, Cocciolillo F, De Risio L, Cinquino A, Di Nicola M, Camardese G, Migliara G, Moccia L, Conte E, Janiri L, Di Giuda D. Striatal presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in gambling disorder: A 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT study. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1077-1086. [PMID: 30226290 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the involvement of dopamine in gambling disorder (GD) has long been hypothesized, its precise role remains unclear. The action of dopamine in the synapses is regulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT). We hereinafter present significant differences between a sample of 15 treatment-seeking GD subjects and 17 healthy controls in terms of striatal DAT availability, and we explore its association with reward-based decision making. We performed 123 I-FP-CIT Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and correlated DAT binding ratios in the bilateral caudate and putamen with gambling symptoms (G-SAS, PG-YBOCS) and behaviors, as well as other psychometric variables (anhedonia and impulsivity). Gambling disorder (GD) subjects were also administered a computerized version of the Iowa gambling task (IGT) to assess reward-based decision making. We found reduced DAT availability in GD subjects compared with healthy controls (-13.30% in right caudate, -11.11% in right putamen, -11.44% in left caudate, and -11.46% in the left putamen). We also found that striatal DAT availability was inversely correlated with days spent gambling and IGT performance in GD subjects. These results provide evidence for a presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in striatal regions of GD subjects. Functional DAT down-regulation possibly sustains the transition towards compulsive gambling addiction, characterized both by hyperdopaminergic and hypodopaminergic states in the context of a sensitized dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Pettorruso
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science; University of Hertfordshire; Herts UK
| | - Fabrizio Cocciolillo
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Annarita Cinquino
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Giovanni Camardese
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moccia
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Eliana Conte
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Di Giuda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
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11
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Jiang D, Lu X, Li Z, Rydberg N, Zuo C, Peng F, Hua F, Guan Y, Xie F. Increased Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) and Dopamine Transporter (DAT) Expression in Adolescent Brain Development: A Longitudinal Micro-PET/CT Study in Rodent. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1052. [PMID: 30697146 PMCID: PMC6340981 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain development and maturation in adolescence is a complex process with active changes of metabolic and neurotransmission pathways. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a useful imaging modality for tracking metabolic and functional changes in adolescent brain. In this study, changes of glucose metabolism, expression of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and dopamine transporter during adolescent brain development in rats were investigated with PET/CT. Methods: A longitudinal PET/CT study of age-dependent changes of VMAT2, DAT and glucose metabolism in adolescent brain was conducted in a group of Wistar rats (n = 6) post sequential intravenous injection of 18F-PF-(+)-DTBZ, 11C-CFT, and 18F-FDG, respectively. PET acquisition was performed at 2, 4, 9, and 12 months of age. Radiotracer uptake in different brain regions, including the striatum, cerebellum, and hippocampus, were quantified and recorded as Standardized uptake value (SUV) and striatal specific uptake ratio (SUVR: SUV in brain regions/SUV in cerebellum). Results: Variable uptake of 18F-PF-(+)-DTBZ and 11C-CFT were detected, with highest level uptake in the striatum and accumbens. There was significant age-dependent increase of 18F-PF-(+)-DTBZ and 11C-CFT uptake in the striatum from 2 months of age (SUV: 1.36 ± 0.22, 1.37 ± 0.39, respectively), to 4 months (SUV: 2.22 ± 0.29, 2.04 ± 0.33), 9 months (1.98 ± 0.34, 2.09 ± 0.18), 12 months (SUV: 1.93 ± 0.19, 2.00 ± 0.17) of age, SUV of 18F-FDG also increased from 2 months of age to older ages (SUV in the striatum: 3.71 ± 0.78 at 2 month, 5.28 ± 0.81, 5.14 ± 0.73, 4.94 ± 0.50 at 4, 9, 12 month, respectively). Conclusion: Age-dependent increases of striatal of 18F-FDG, 18F-PF-(+)-DTBZ, and 11C-CFT uptake were detected in rats from 2 to 4 month of age, demonstrating striatal development presents over the first 4 months of age. Four months of age can be considered a safe threshold to launch brain disease studies for exclusion of confusion of continuing tissue development. These findings support further investigation of age-dependent changes in expression of DAT, VMAT2, and glucose metabolism for their potential use as a new imaging biomarker for study of brain development and functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglang Jiang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhong Lu
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijing Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nicklas Rydberg
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Peng
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fengchun Hua
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Lam VM, Mielnik CA, Baimel C, Beerepoot P, Espinoza S, Sukhanov I, Horsfall W, Gainetdinov RR, Borgland SL, Ramsey AJ, Salahpour A. Behavioral Effects of a Potential Novel TAAR1 Antagonist. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:953. [PMID: 30233365 PMCID: PMC6131539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the monoaminergic regions of the brain, and represents a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorders. While selective agonists for TAAR1 have been successfully identified, only one high affinity TAAR1 antagonist has been described thus far. We previously identified four potential low potency TAAR1 antagonists through an in silico screen on a TAAR1 homology model. One of the identified antagonists (compound 22) was predicted to have favorable physicochemical properties, which would allow the drug to cross the blood brain barrier. In vivo studies were therefore carried out and showed that compound 22 potentiates amphetamine- and cocaine-mediated locomotor activity. Furthermore, electrophysiology experiments demonstrated that compound 22 increased firing of dopamine neurons similar to EPPTB, the only known TAAR1 antagonist. In order to assess whether the effects of compound 22 were mediated through TAAR1, experiments were carried out on TAAR1-KO mice. The results showed that compound 22 is able to enhance amphetamine- and cocaine-mediated locomotor activity, even in TAAR1-KO mice, suggesting that the in vivo effects of this compound are not mediated by TAAR1. In collaboration with Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, we attempted to determine the targets for compound 22. Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP) results suggested several potential targets for compound 22 including, the dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters; as well as sigma 1 and 2 receptors. Our follow-up studies using heterologous cell systems showed that the dopamine transporter is not a target of compound 22. Therefore, the biological target of compound 22 mediating its psychoactive effects still remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catharine A Mielnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corey Baimel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pieter Beerepoot
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefano Espinoza
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilya Sukhanov
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Wendy Horsfall
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Battisti UM, Sitta R, Harris A, Sakloth F, Walther D, Ruchala I, Negus SS, Baumann MH, Glennon RA, Eltit JM. Effects of N-Alkyl-4-Methylamphetamine Optical Isomers on Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporters and Abuse-Related Behavior. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1829-1839. [PMID: 29697951 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) is an emerging drug of abuse that acts as a substrate at plasma membrane transporters for dopamine (DAT), norepinephrine (NET), and serotonin (SERT), thereby causing nonexocytotic release of monoamine transmitters via reverse transport. Prior studies by us showed that increasing the N-alkyl chain length of N-substituted 4-MA analogues converts 4-MA from a transportable substrate (i.e., releaser) at DAT and NET to a nontransported blocker at these sites. Here, we studied the effects of the individual optical isomers of N-methyl-, N-ethyl-, and N- n-propyl 4-MA on monoamine transporters and abuse-related behavior in rats because action/function might be related to stereochemistry. Uptake inhibition and release assays were conducted in rat brain synaptosomes whereas electrophysiological assessments of drug-transporter interactions were examined using cell-based biosensors. Intracranial-self-stimulation in rats was employed to assess abuse potential in vivo. The experimental evidence demonstrates that S(+) N-methyl 4-MA is a potent and efficacious releaser at DAT, NET, and SERT with the highest abuse potential among the test drugs, whereas R(-) N-methyl 4-MA is a less potent releaser with reduced abuse potential. The S(+)ethyl analogue has decreased efficacy as a releaser at DAT but retains full release activity at NET and SERT with a reduction in abuse-related effects; the R(-)ethyl analogue has a similar profile but is less potent. S(+) N-Propyl 4-MA is a nontransported blocker at DAT and NET but an efficacious releaser at SERT, whereas the R enantiomer is almost inactive. In conclusion, the S enantiomers of the N-alkyl 4-MA analogues are most potent. Lengthening the N-alkyl chain converts compounds from potent nonselective releasers showing abuse-related effects to more selective SERT releasers with no apparent abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto M. Battisti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Box 980540, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Ramsey Sitta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 United States
| | - Alan Harris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 United States
| | - Farhana Sakloth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Donna Walther
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Iwona Ruchala
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 United States
| | - S. Stevens Negus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Richard A. Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Box 980540, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Jose M. Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 United States
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Pijarowska-Kruszyna J, Jaron A, Kachniarz A, Malkowski B, Garnuszek P, Mikolajczak R. A one-step automated synthesis of the dopamine transporter ligand [(18)F]FECNT from the chlorinated precursor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:82-6. [PMID: 26853227 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of [(18)F]labelled nortropane derivative 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-fluoroethyl)-nortropane (FECNT) as a dopamine transporter ligand for PET imaging is dependent on efficient radiosynthesis method. Herein, the automated synthesis of [(18)F]FECNT from its chlorinated precursor in commercially available SynChrom [(18)F] R&D module has been developed. The synthesis unit was readily configured for the one-step synthesis from corresponding chlorinated precursor. The radiolabeling process involved a classical [(18)F]fluoride nucleophilic substitution performed at 110 °C for 12 min and finally HPLC and SPE purification. Crude [(18)F]FECNT was obtained with a radiolabeling yield of 59 ± 12% (n = 5). The average uncorrected amount of [(18)F]FECNT in the final formulated dose was 2.0 ± 0.5 GBq (32 ± 7% overall decay-corrected yields) obtained with radiochemical purity over 99% and specific activity of 55 GBq/µmol. The total duration of the procedure was 80-90 min. An automated radiosynthesis of [(18)F]FECNT with high radiochemical purity may provide a simple and robust method of radiopharmaceutical preparation for routine clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pijarowska-Kruszyna
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Andrzeja Soltana 7, Otwock, 05-400, Poland
| | - Antoni Jaron
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Andrzeja Soltana 7, Otwock, 05-400, Poland
| | - Artur Kachniarz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Centre Prof. Lukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Malkowski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Centre Prof. Lukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Garnuszek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Andrzeja Soltana 7, Otwock, 05-400, Poland
| | - Renata Mikolajczak
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Andrzeja Soltana 7, Otwock, 05-400, Poland
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15
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Ng J, Zhen J, Meyer E, Erreger K, Li Y, Kakar N, Ahmad J, Thiele H, Kubisch C, Rider NL, Morton DH, Strauss KA, Puffenberger EG, D'Agnano D, Anikster Y, Carducci C, Hyland K, Rotstein M, Leuzzi V, Borck G, Reith MEA, Kurian MA. Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome: phenotypic spectrum from infancy to adulthood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1107-19. [PMID: 24613933 PMCID: PMC3959557 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome is an SLC6A3-related progressive infantile-onset parkinsonism-dystonia that mimics cerebral palsy. Ng et al. describe clinical features and molecular findings in a new cohort of patients. They report infants with classical disease, as well as young adults manifesting as atypical juvenile-onset parkinsonism-dystonia, thereby expanding the disease spectrum. Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome due to SLC6A3 mutations is the first inherited dopamine ‘transportopathy’ to be described, with a classical presentation of early infantile-onset progressive parkinsonism dystonia. In this study we have identified a new cohort of patients with dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome, including, most significantly, atypical presentation later in childhood with a milder disease course. We report the detailed clinical features, molecular genetic findings and in vitro functional investigations undertaken for adult and paediatric cases. Patients presenting with parkinsonism dystonia or a neurotransmitter profile characteristic of dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome were recruited for study. SLC6A3 mutational analysis was undertaken in all patients. The functional consequences of missense variants on the dopamine transporter were evaluated by determining the effect of mutant dopamine transporter on dopamine uptake, protein expression and amphetamine-mediated dopamine efflux using an in vitro cellular heterologous expression system. We identified eight new patients from five unrelated families with dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome. The median age at diagnosis was 13 years (range 1.5–34 years). Most significantly, the case series included three adolescent males with atypical dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome of juvenile onset (outside infancy) and progressive parkinsonism dystonia. The other five patients in the cohort presented with classical infantile-onset parkinsonism dystonia, with one surviving into adulthood (currently aged 34 years) and labelled as having ‘juvenile parkinsonism’. All eight patients harboured homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in SLC6A3, of which the majority are previously unreported variants. In vitro studies of mutant dopamine transporter demonstrated multifaceted loss of dopamine transporter function. Impaired dopamine uptake was universally present, and more severely impacted in dopamine transporter mutants causing infantile-onset rather than juvenile-onset disease. Dopamine transporter mutants also showed diminished dopamine binding affinity, reduced cell surface transporter, loss of post-translational dopamine transporter glycosylation and failure of amphetamine-mediated dopamine efflux. Our data series expands the clinical phenotypic continuum of dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome and indicates that there is a phenotypic spectrum from infancy (early onset, rapidly progressive disease) to childhood/adolescence and adulthood (later onset, slower disease progression). Genotype–phenotype analysis in this cohort suggests that higher residual dopamine transporter activity is likely to contribute to postponing disease presentation in these later-onset adult cases. Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome remains under-recognized and our data highlights that dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis for both infantile- and juvenile-onset movement disorders, including cerebral palsy and juvenile parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ng
- 1 Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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