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Marshall J, Huynh K, Lancaster G, Ng J, Collins J, Pernes G, Liang A, Featherby T, Mellet N, Drew B, Calkin A, King A, Meikle P, Febbraio M, Adlard P, Henstridge D. Behavioral, metabolic, and lipidomic characterization of the 5xFADxTg30 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. iScience 2024; 27:108800. [PMID: 38292430 PMCID: PMC10826307 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with both extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). We characterized the behavioral, metabolic and lipidomic phenotype of the 5xFADxTg30 mouse model which contains overexpression of both Aβ and tau. Our results independently reproduce several phenotypic traits described previously for this model, while providing additional characterization. This model develops many aspects associated with AD including frailty, decreased survival, initiation of aspects of cognitive decline and alterations to specific lipid classes and molecular lipid species in the plasma and brain. Notably, some sex-specific differences exist in this model and motor impairment with aging in this model does compromise the utility of the model for some movement-based behavioral assessments of cognitive function. These findings provide a reference for individuals interested in using this model to understand the pathology associated with elevated Aβ and tau or for testing potential therapeutics for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.P.S. Marshall
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K. Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - G.I. Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J. Ng
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - J.M. Collins
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - G. Pernes
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A. Liang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - T. Featherby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N.A. Mellet
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B.G. Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A.C. Calkin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A.E. King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - P.J. Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - M.A. Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P.A. Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D.C. Henstridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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2
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Abela L, Gianfrancesco L, Tagliatti E, Rossignoli G, Barwick K, Zourray C, Reid KM, Budinger D, Ng J, Counsell J, Simpson A, Pearson TS, Edvardson S, Elpeleg O, Brodsky FM, Lignani G, Barral S, Kurian MA. Neurodevelopmental and synaptic defects in DNAJC6 parkinsonism, amenable to gene therapy. Brain 2024:awae020. [PMID: 38242634 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
DNAJC6 encodes auxilin, a co-chaperone protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) at the presynaptic terminal. Biallelic mutations in DNAJC6 cause a complex, early-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rapidly progressive parkinsonism-dystonia in childhood. The disease is commonly associated with additional neurodevelopmental, neurological and neuropsychiatric features. Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments for this condition, resulting in significant morbidity and risk of premature mortality. To investigate the underlying disease mechanisms in childhood-onset DNAJC6 parkinsonism, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from three patients harboring pathogenic loss-of-function DNAJC6 mutations and subsequently developed a midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuronal model of disease. When compared to age-matched and CRISPR-corrected isogenic controls, the neuronal cell model revealed disease-specific auxilin deficiency as well as disturbance of synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling and homeostasis. We also observed neurodevelopmental dysregulation affecting ventral midbrain patterning and neuronal maturation. In order to explore the feasibility of a viral vector-mediated gene therapy approach, iPSC-derived neuronal cultures were treated with lentiviral DNAJC6 gene transfer, which restored auxilin expression and rescued CME. Our patient-derived neuronal model provides deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of auxilin deficiency as well as a robust platform for the development of targeted precision therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Abela
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Lorita Gianfrancesco
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Erica Tagliatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milano, Italy
| | - Giada Rossignoli
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Katy Barwick
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Clara Zourray
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kimberley M Reid
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Dimitri Budinger
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Joanne Ng
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London, WC1E 6 AU, UK
| | - John Counsell
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Arlo Simpson
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Toni S Pearson
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 9574869 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 9574869 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gabriele Lignani
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Serena Barral
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
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3
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Thöny B, Ng J, Kurian MA, Mills P, Martinez A. Mouse models for inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38168036 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Several mouse models have been developed to study human defects of primary and secondary inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMND). As the field continues to expand, current defects in corresponding mouse models include enzymes and a molecular co-chaperone involved in monoamine synthesis and metabolism (PAH, TH, PITX3, AADC, DBH, MAOA, DNAJC6), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) cofactor synthesis and recycling (adGTPCH1/DRD, arGTPCH1, PTPS, SR, DHPR), and vitamin B6 cofactor deficiency (ALDH7A1), as well as defective monoamine neurotransmitter packaging (VMAT1, VMAT2) and reuptake (DAT). No mouse models are available for human DNAJC12 co-chaperone and PNPO-B6 deficiencies, disorders associated with recessive variants that result in decreased stability and function of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and decreased neurotransmitter synthesis, respectively. More than one mutant mouse is available for some of these defects, which is invaluable as different variant-specific (knock-in) models may provide more insights into underlying mechanisms of disorders, while complete gene inactivation (knock-out) models often have limitations in terms of recapitulating complex human diseases. While these mouse models have common phenotypic traits also observed in patients, reflecting the defective homeostasis of the monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, they also present with disease-specific manifestations with toxic accumulation or deficiency of specific metabolites related to the specific gene affected. This review provides an overview of the currently available models and may give directions toward selecting existing models or generating new ones to investigate novel pathogenic mechanisms and precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Ng
- Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's Disease, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Chu WS, Ng J, Waddington SN, Kurian MA. Gene therapy for neurotransmitter-related disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:176-191. [PMID: 38221762 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of neurotransmitter (NT) metabolism are a group of rare, heterogenous diseases with predominant neurological features, such as movement disorders, autonomic dysfunction, and developmental delay. Clinical overlap with other disorders has led to delayed diagnosis and treatment, and some conditions are refractory to oral pharmacotherapies. Gene therapies have been developed and translated to clinics for paediatric inborn errors of metabolism, with 38 interventional clinical trials ongoing to date. Furthermore, efforts in restoring dopamine synthesis and neurotransmission through viral gene therapy have been developed for Parkinson's disease. Along with the recent European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approval of an AAV2 gene supplementation therapy for AADC deficiency, promising efficacy and safety profiles can be achieved in this group of diseases. In this review, we present preclinical and clinical advances to address NT-related diseases, and summarise potential challenges that require careful considerations for NT gene therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Chu
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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5
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Ji H, Yoo J, Fox W, Yamada M, Argall M, Egedal J, Liu YH, Wilder R, Eriksson S, Daughton W, Bergstedt K, Bose S, Burch J, Torbert R, Ng J, Chen LJ. Laboratory Study of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection. Space Sci Rev 2023; 219:76. [PMID: 38023292 PMCID: PMC10651714 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-01024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A concise review is given on the past two decades' results from laboratory experiments on collisionless magnetic reconnection in direct relation with space measurements, especially by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Highlights include spatial structures of electromagnetic fields in ion and electron diffusion regions as a function of upstream symmetry and guide field strength, energy conversion and partitioning from magnetic field to ions and electrons including particle acceleration, electrostatic and electromagnetic kinetic plasma waves with various wavelengths, and plasmoid-mediated multiscale reconnection. Combined with the progress in theoretical, numerical, and observational studies, the physics foundation of fast reconnection in collisionless plasmas has been largely established, at least within the parameter ranges and spatial scales that were studied. Immediate and long-term future opportunities based on multiscale experiments and space missions supported by exascale computation are discussed, including dissipation by kinetic plasma waves, particle heating and acceleration, and multiscale physics across fluid and kinetic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ji
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, 08543 New Jersey USA
| | - J. Yoo
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, 08543 New Jersey USA
| | - W. Fox
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, 08543 New Jersey USA
| | - M. Yamada
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, 08543 New Jersey USA
| | - M. Argall
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, 03824 New Hampshire USA
| | - J. Egedal
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, 53706 Wisconsin USA
| | - Y.-H. Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 17 Fayerweather Hill Road, Hanover, 03755 New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Wilder
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 701 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, 76019 Texas USA
| | - S. Eriksson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, 80303 Colorado USA
| | - W. Daughton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, 87545 New Mexico USA
| | - K. Bergstedt
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey USA
| | - S. Bose
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, 08543 New Jersey USA
| | - J. Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, 78238 Texas USA
| | - R. Torbert
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, 03824 New Hampshire USA
| | - J. Ng
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, 08543 New Jersey USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, 4296 Stadium Drive, College Park, 20742 Maryland USA
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 130, Greenbelt, 20771 Maryland USA
| | - L.-J. Chen
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 130, Greenbelt, 20771 Maryland USA
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Ng J, Barral S, Waddington SN, Kurian MA. Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome (DTDS): Expanding the Clinical Phenotype and Precision Medicine Approaches. Cells 2023; 12:1737. [PMID: 37443770 PMCID: PMC10341083 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infantile parkinsonism-dystonia due to dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (DTDS) is an ultrarare childhood movement disorder caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the SLC6A3 gene. Advances in genomic analysis have revealed an evolving spectrum of SLC6A3-related neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Since the initial clinical and genetic characterisation of DTDS in 2009, there have been thirty-one published cases with a variety of protein-truncating variants (nonsense variants, splice-site changes, and deletions) and missense changes. Amino acid substitutions result in mutant proteins with impaired dopamine transporter function due to reduced transporter activity, impaired dopamine binding, reduced cell-surface expression, and aberrant posttranslational protein modification with impaired glycosylation. In this review, we provide an overview of the expanding clinical phenotype of DTDS and the precision therapies in development, including pharmacochaperones and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA UCL Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK; (J.N.); (S.N.W.)
- Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, Queens Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK;
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA UCL Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK; (J.N.); (S.N.W.)
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK;
- Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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7
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Ng J, Barral S, Waddington SN, Kurian MA. Gene Therapy for Dopamine Dyshomeostasis: From Parkinson's to Primary Neurotransmitter Diseases. Mov Disord 2023; 38:924-936. [PMID: 37147851 PMCID: PMC10946997 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders encompass a broad range of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases that are complex and almost universally without disease modifying treatments. There is, therefore, significant unmet clinical need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these patients. Viral gene therapies are a promising approach, where gene delivery is achieved through viral vectors such as adeno-associated virus and lentivirus. The clinical efficacy of such gene therapies has already been observed in two neurological disorders of pediatric onset; for spinal muscular atrophy and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency, gene therapy has significantly modified the natural history of disease in these life-limiting neurological disorders. Here, we review recent advances in gene therapy, focused on the targeted delivery of dopaminergic genes for Parkinson's disease and the primary neurotransmitter disorders, AADC deficiency and dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (DTDS). Although recent European Medicines Agency and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency approval of Upstaza (eladocagene exuparvovec) signifies an important landmark, numerous challenges remain. Future research will need to focus on defining the optimal therapeutic window for clinical intervention, better understanding of the duration of therapeutic efficacy, and improved brain targeting. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA‐Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS‐Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA‐Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS‐Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUnited Kingdom
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8
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Morfopoulou S, Buddle S, Torres Montaguth OE, Atkinson L, Guerra-Assunção JA, Moradi Marjaneh M, Zennezini Chiozzi R, Storey N, Campos L, Hutchinson JC, Counsell JR, Pollara G, Roy S, Venturini C, Antinao Diaz JF, Siam A, Tappouni LJ, Asgarian Z, Ng J, Hanlon KS, Lennon A, McArdle A, Czap A, Rosenheim J, Andrade C, Anderson G, Lee JCD, Williams R, Williams CA, Tutill H, Bayzid N, Martin Bernal LM, Macpherson H, Montgomery KA, Moore C, Templeton K, Neill C, Holden M, Gunson R, Shepherd SJ, Shah P, Cooray S, Voice M, Steele M, Fink C, Whittaker TE, Santilli G, Gissen P, Kaufer BB, Reich J, Andreani J, Simmonds P, Alrabiah DK, Castellano S, Chikowore P, Odam M, Rampling T, Houlihan C, Hoschler K, Talts T, Celma C, Gonzalez S, Gallagher E, Simmons R, Watson C, Mandal S, Zambon M, Chand M, Hatcher J, De S, Baillie K, Semple MG, Martin J, Ushiro-Lumb I, Noursadeghi M, Deheragoda M, Hadzic N, Grammatikopoulos T, Brown R, Kelgeri C, Thalassinos K, Waddington SN, Jacques TS, Thomson E, Levin M, Brown JR, Breuer J. Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children. Nature 2023; 617:564-573. [PMID: 36996872 PMCID: PMC10170458 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Morfopoulou
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Section for Paediatrics, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Buddle
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oscar Enrique Torres Montaguth
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - José Afonso Guerra-Assunção
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Section for Paediatrics, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Zennezini Chiozzi
- University College London Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathaniel Storey
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luis Campos
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Ciaran Hutchinson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John R Counsell
- Research Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Pollara
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan F Antinao Diaz
- Research Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ala'a Siam
- Research Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luke J Tappouni
- Research Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zeinab Asgarian
- Research Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Killian S Hanlon
- Research Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Lennon
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew McArdle
- Section for Paediatrics, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Agata Czap
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Rosenheim
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catarina Andrade
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jack C D Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachel Williams
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte A Williams
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Tutill
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nadua Bayzid
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luz Marina Martin Bernal
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Macpherson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kylie-Ann Montgomery
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Moore
- Wales Specialist Virology Centre, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Templeton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Neill
- Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
| | - Matt Holden
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
- Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rory Gunson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Priyen Shah
- Section for Paediatrics, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Cooray
- Section for Paediatrics, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Voice
- Micropathology Ltd, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael Steele
- Micropathology Ltd, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, UK
| | - Colin Fink
- Micropathology Ltd, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas E Whittaker
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giorgia Santilli
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jana Reich
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Andreani
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimah K Alrabiah
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergi Castellano
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Genomics, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Miranda Odam
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tommy Rampling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Catherine Houlihan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Hatcher
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Surjo De
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Malcolm Gracie Semple
- Pandemic Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne Martin
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Brown
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chayarani Kelgeri
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- University College London Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Thomson
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section for Paediatrics, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julianne R Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Barendse MEA, Lara GA, Guyer AE, Swartz JR, Taylor SL, Shirtcliff EA, Lamb ST, Miller C, Ng J, Yu G, Tully LM. Sex and pubertal influences on the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of schizophrenia: A case for longitudinal research on adolescents. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:231-241. [PMID: 36682313 PMCID: PMC10725041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a significant source of heterogeneity in schizophrenia, with more negative symptoms in males and more affective symptoms and internalizing comorbidity in females. In this narrative review, we argue that there are likely sex differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SZ) that originate during puberty and relate to the sex-specific impacts of pubertal maturation on brain development. Pubertal maturation might also trigger underlying (genetic or other) vulnerabilities in at-risk individuals, influencing brain development trajectories that contribute to the emergence of SZ. This review is the first to integrate links between pubertal development and neural development with cognitive neuroscience research in SZ to form and evaluate these hypotheses, with a focus on the frontal-striatal and frontal-limbic networks and their hypothesized contribution to negative and mood symptoms respectively. To test these hypotheses, longitudinal research with human adolescents is needed that examines the role of sex and pubertal development using large cohorts or high risk samples. We provide recommendations for such studies, which will integrate the fields of psychiatry, developmental cognitive neuroscience, and developmental endocrinology towards a more nuanced understanding of the role of pubertal factors in the hypothesized sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E A Barendse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - G A Lara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - A E Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology, UC Davis, CA, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - J R Swartz
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - S L Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - E A Shirtcliff
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - S T Lamb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - C Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Ng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - G Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - L M Tully
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA.
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Parikh P, Lee P, Low D, Kim J, Mittauer K, Bassetti M, Glide-Hurst C, Raldow A, Yang Y, Portelance L, Zaki B, Kim H, Mancias J, Ng J, Pfeffer R, Mueller A, Kelly P, Boldrini L, Fuss M, Chuong M. Stereotactic MR-Guided On-Table Adaptive Radiation Therapy (SMART) for Patients with Borderline or Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Primary Endpoint Outcomes of a Prospective Phase II Multi-Center International Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Kanesvaran R, Kikuchi E, Kitamura H, Ku J, Lee L, Lin TP, Nishiyama H, Ng A, Ng J, Poon D, Seo H, Shamaileh R, Spiteri C, Tan E, Tran B, Tsai YS. 150P Use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Asia-Pacific. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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12
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Pérez‐Dueñas B, Gorman K, Marcé‐Grau A, Ortigoza‐Escobar JD, Macaya A, Danti FR, Barwick K, Papandreou A, Ng J, Meyer E, Mohammad SS, Smith M, Muntoni F, Munot P, Uusimaa J, Vieira P, Sheridan E, Guerrini R, Cobben J, Yilmaz S, De Grandis E, Dale RC, Pons R, Peall KJ, Leuzzi V, Kurian MA. The Genetic Landscape of Complex Childhood-Onset Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2197-2209. [PMID: 36054588 PMCID: PMC9804670 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to better delineate the genetic landscape and key clinical characteristics of complex, early-onset, monogenic hyperkinetic movement disorders. METHODS Patients were recruited from 14 international centers. Participating clinicians completed standardized proformas capturing demographic, clinical, and genetic data. Two pediatric movement disorder experts reviewed available video footage, classifying hyperkinetic movements according to published criteria. RESULTS One hundred forty patients with pathogenic variants in 17 different genes (ADCY5, ATP1A3, DDC, DHPR, FOXG1, GCH1, GNAO1, KMT2B, MICU1, NKX2.1, PDE10A, PTPS, SGCE, SLC2A1, SLC6A3, SPR, and TH) were identified. In the majority, hyperkinetic movements were generalized (77%), with most patients (69%) manifesting combined motor semiologies. Parkinsonism-dystonia was characteristic of primary neurotransmitter disorders (DDC, DHPR, PTPS, SLC6A3, SPR, TH); chorea predominated in ADCY5-, ATP1A3-, FOXG1-, NKX2.1-, SLC2A1-, GNAO1-, and PDE10A-related disorders; and stereotypies were a prominent feature in FOXG1- and GNAO1-related disease. Those with generalized hyperkinetic movements had an earlier disease onset than those with focal/segmental distribution (2.5 ± 0.3 vs. 4.7 ± 0.7 years; P = 0.007). Patients with developmental delay also presented with hyperkinetic movements earlier than those with normal neurodevelopment (1.5 ± 2.9 vs. 4.7 ± 3.8 years; P < 0.001). Effective disease-specific therapies included dopaminergic agents for neurotransmitters disorders, ketogenic diet for glucose transporter deficiency, and deep brain stimulation for SGCE-, KMT2B-, and GNAO1-related hyperkinesia. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the complex phenotypes observed in children with genetic hyperkinetic movement disorders that can lead to diagnostic difficulty. We provide a comprehensive analysis of motor semiology to guide physicians in the genetic investigation of these patients, to facilitate early diagnosis, precision medicine treatments, and genetic counseling. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Pérez‐Dueñas
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyVall d'Hebron Hospital Universitary and Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute (VHIR).BarcelonaSpain,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Preventative Medicine and Public HealthUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) CB06/07/0063BarcelonaSpain
| | - Kathleen Gorman
- Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeGreat Ormond Street–Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom,Dubowitz neuromuscular CenterGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Marcé‐Grau
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyVall d'Hebron Hospital Universitary and Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute (VHIR).BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Alfons Macaya
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyVall d'Hebron Hospital Universitary and Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute (VHIR).BarcelonaSpain,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Preventative Medicine and Public HealthUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) CB06/07/0063BarcelonaSpain
| | - Federica R. Danti
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human NeuroscienceSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Katy Barwick
- Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeGreat Ormond Street–Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeGreat Ormond Street–Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom,Dubowitz neuromuscular CenterGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology GroupInstitute for Women's Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Esther Meyer
- Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeGreat Ormond Street–Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shekeeb S. Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeGreat Ormond Street–Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom,Dubowitz neuromuscular CenterGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pinki Munot
- Dubowitz neuromuscular CenterGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Children and Adolescents, Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital, University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Päivi Vieira
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Children and Adolescents, Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital, University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Eammon Sheridan
- School of MedicineSt James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience DepartmentA. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Jan Cobben
- North West Thames Regional Genetic ServiceNorthwick Park HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child NeurologyEge University Medical FacultyİzmirTurkey
| | - Elisa De Grandis
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Children's SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle ResearchChildren's Hospital at Westmead, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Roser Pons
- First Department of PediatricsAgia Sofia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Kathryn J. Peall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human NeuroscienceSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeGreat Ormond Street–Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom,Dubowitz neuromuscular CenterGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUnited Kingdom
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Lee L, Kanesvaran R, Kikuchi E, Kitamura H, Ku J, Lin TP, Nishiyama H, Ng A, Ng J, Poon D, Seo H, Shamaileh R, Spiteri C, Tan E, Tran B, Tsai YS. 149P A need for clear definitions and improved management for BCG-unresponsive tumors in Asia-Pacific. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Ng J, Chen L, Omelchenko Y, Zou Y, Lavraud B. Hybrid Simulations of the Cusp and Dayside Magnetosheath Dynamics Under Quasi-Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Fields. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2022; 127:e2022JA030359. [PMID: 36591323 PMCID: PMC9787681 DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Under quasi-radial interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF), foreshock turbulence can have an impact on the magnetosheath and cusps depending on the location of the quasi-parallel shock. We perform three-dimensional simulations of Earth's dayside magnetosphere using the hybrid code HYPERS, and compare northward and southward quasi-radial IMF configurations. We study the magnetic field configuration, fluctuations in the magnetosheath and the plasma in the regions around the northern cusp. Under northward IMF with Earthward B x , there is a time-varying plasma depletion layer immediately outside the northern cusp. In the southward IMF case, the impact of foreshock turbulence and high-speed jets, together with magnetopause reconnection, can lead to strong density enhancements in the cusp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ng
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - L.‐J. Chen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Y. Omelchenko
- Trinum Research IncSan DiegoCAUSA
- Space Science InstituteBoulderCOUSA
| | - Y. Zou
- Department of Space ScienceUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleALUSA
| | - B. Lavraud
- Laboratoire d'astrophysique de BordeauxCNRSUniversity BordeauxPessacFrance
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Khoo TX, Yates G, Chambers B, Ng J. Wound healing complications following folded flap palatoplasty in brachycephalic dogs. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:571-578. [PMID: 36071674 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and characteristics of wound healing complications after folded flap palatoplasty (FFP). METHODS Prospective study of 25 dogs that underwent FFP as a component of corrective multilevel surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Oropharyngeal re-examination was conducted after a minimum of 28 days post-operatively, unless indicated earlier by the onset of clinical signs. RESULTS Wound healing complications occurred in nine dogs (36%). Minor and major wound complications were diagnosed at a median of 36 days (1.5-51 days) post-operatively. Eight dogs had major wound complications, four of which showed no associated clinical signs. Two patterns of major wound complications were observed: incisional dehiscence (ID) with caudal retraction of the soft palate mucosa and development of a full-thickness defect (FTD) in the centre of the soft palate. Revision of the soft palate surgery was performed in five dogs, failing again in one dog with ID. Clinical signs resolved in symptomatic dogs after revision surgery to close FTD. CONCLUSION In this study, wound healing complications were common after FFP and were not associated with significant clinical deterioration. Further research is necessary to determine the value and timing of routine post-operative oropharyngeal examination for assessment of soft palate healing after FFP as well as the indication for and success of approaches to the management of wound healing complications. The two distinct patterns of FFP failure recognised may provide insight into the underlying causes and lead to refinements in folded flap palatoplasty technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-X Khoo
- Surgery Department, Centre for Animal Referral and Emergency (CARE), Collingwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Yates
- Surgery Department, Centre for Animal Referral and Emergency (CARE), Collingwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Chambers
- Surgery Department, Centre for Animal Referral and Emergency (CARE), Collingwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Ng
- Surgery Department, Animal Referral Hospital, Essendon Fields, Victoria, Australia
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Ng J, Chen L, Bessho N, Shuster J, Burkholder B, Yoo J. Electron-Scale Reconnection in Three-Dimensional Shock Turbulence. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2022GL099544. [PMID: 36247516 PMCID: PMC9539853 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection has been observed in the transition region of quasi-parallel shocks. In this work, the particle-in-cell method is used to simulate three-dimensional reconnection in a quasi-parallel shock. The shock transition region is turbulent, leading to the formation of reconnecting current sheets with various orientations. Two reconnection sites with weak and strong guide fields are studied, and it is shown that reconnection is fast and transient. Reconnection sites are characterized using diagnostics including electron flows and magnetic flux transport. In contrast to two-dimensional simulations, weak guide field reconnection is realized. Furthermore, the current sheets in these events form in a direction almost perpendicular to those found in two-dimensional simulations, where the reconnection geometry is constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ng
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - L.‐J. Chen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - N. Bessho
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - J. Shuster
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - B. Burkholder
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- University of MarylandBaltimore CountyMDUSA
| | - J. Yoo
- Princeton Plasma Physics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
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Hamilton J, Huang N, Ng J, Gubler T, Khuda R, Deckelbaum R, Chang C. C-13 NMR spectroscopic characterization and distinction of EPA and DHA in lipid emulsions. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yap H, Loong Y, Raffiee N, Elankovan A, Wang X, Leng S, Ng J, Zhong L, Tan S, Baskaran L. 511 Quantification Of Epicardial Adipose Tissue On Non-Contrast CT: Reproducibility In A Cohort Of 50 Asian Patients. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chieng D, Segan L, Sugumar H, Al-Kaisey A, Hawson J, Moore B, Nam M, Voskoboinik A, Prabhu S, Ling L, Ng J, Brown G, Lee G, Morton J, Debinski H, Kalman J, Kistler P. High Power Short Duration (HPSD) is Safe and Improves Outcomes for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation vs Lower Power Longer Duration (LPLD): A Prospective Multi-Centre Randomised Controlled Study (Hi-Lo HEAT trial). Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ng J. P108 GENOME CONSTRUCTION AND ALLERGEN IDENTIFICATION IN GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Rossignoli G, Krämer K, Lugarà E, Alrashidi H, Pope S, De La Fuente Barrigon C, Barwick K, Bisello G, Ng J, Counsell J, Lignani G, Heales SJR, Bertoldi M, Barral S, Kurian MA. Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: a patient-derived neuronal model for precision therapies. Brain 2021; 144:2443-2456. [PMID: 33734312 PMCID: PMC8418346 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a complex inherited neurological disorder of monoamine synthesis which results in dopamine and serotonin deficiency. The majority of affected individuals have variable, though often severe cognitive and motor delay, with a complex movement disorder and high risk of premature mortality. For most, standard pharmacological treatment provides only limited clinical benefit. Promising gene therapy approaches are emerging, though may not be either suitable or easily accessible for all patients. To characterize the underlying disease pathophysiology and guide precision therapies, we generated a patient-derived midbrain dopaminergic neuronal model of AADC deficiency from induced pluripotent stem cells. The neuronal model recapitulates key disease features, including absent AADC enzyme activity and dysregulated dopamine metabolism. We observed developmental defects affecting synaptic maturation and neuronal electrical properties, which were improved by lentiviral gene therapy. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses on recombinant AADC predicted that the activity of one variant could be improved by l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) administration; this hypothesis was corroborated in the patient-derived neuronal model, where l-DOPA treatment leads to amelioration of dopamine metabolites. Our study has shown that patient-derived disease modelling provides further insight into the neurodevelopmental sequelae of AADC deficiency, as well as a robust platform to investigate and develop personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Rossignoli
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Biological Chemistry, NBM Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Karolin Krämer
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Eleonora Lugarà
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Haya Alrashidi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Katy Barwick
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Giovanni Bisello
- Biological Chemistry, NBM Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Joanne Ng
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK
| | - John Counsell
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gabriele Lignani
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon J R Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, GOS Institute of Child Health, UniversCity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Biological Chemistry, NBM Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Prof Mariarita Bertoldi Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences Biological Chemistry Section, Room 1.24 Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy E-mail:
| | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Correspondence to: Prof Manju Kurian Zayed Centre for Research UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health 20 Guilford St, London WC1N 1DZ, UK E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
In the era of genomic medicine, diagnoses of rare paediatric neurological diseases are increasing. Many are untreatable and life-limiting, leading to an exceptional increase in gene therapy development. It is estimated that 20 gene therapy products will have received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration by 2025. With viral gene therapy considered a potential single-dose cure for patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 as one example, and contemporaneously tragically resulting in the deaths of three male children with X-linked myotubular myopathy receiving high-dose gene therapy in 2020, what is the current state of gene therapy? What is behind the decades of hype around viral gene therapy and is it high impact, but high risk? In this review, we outline principles of viral gene therapy development and summarize the most recent clinical evidence for the therapeutic effect of gene therapy in paediatric neurological diseases. We discuss adeno-associated virus and lentiviral vectors, antisense oligonucleotides, emerging genetic editing approaches, and current limitations that the field still faces. What this paper adds Viral gene therapy development and clinically used transgenes, regulatory elements, capsids, dosage, and delivery routes are summarized. Viral gene therapy for 18 childhood neurological disorders involving over 600 children in 40 clinical trials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Privolizzi
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wing Sum Chu
- Pharmacy Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maha Tijani
- Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Wolfe C, Rudd E, Ng J, Weir J, Fuller LC. An unusual dermoscopic appearance of scabies. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:e69. [PMID: 34096040 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Wolfe
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Rudd
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Ng
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Weir
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - L C Fuller
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,International Foundation for Dermatology, London, UK
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24
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Ng J, Barral S, De La Fuente Barrigon C, Lignani G, Erdem FA, Wallings R, Privolizzi R, Rossignoli G, Alrashidi H, Heasman S, Meyer E, Ngoh A, Pope S, Karda R, Perocheau D, Baruteau J, Suff N, Antinao Diaz J, Schorge S, Vowles J, Marshall LR, Cowley SA, Sucic S, Freissmuth M, Counsell JR, Wade-Martins R, Heales SJR, Rahim AA, Bencze M, Waddington SN, Kurian MA. Gene therapy restores dopamine transporter expression and ameliorates pathology in iPSC and mouse models of infantile parkinsonism. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaaw1564. [PMID: 34011628 PMCID: PMC7612279 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most inherited neurodegenerative disorders are incurable, and often only palliative treatment is available. Precision medicine has great potential to address this unmet clinical need. We explored this paradigm in dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (DTDS), caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in SLC6A3, encoding the dopamine transporter (DAT). Patients present with early infantile hyperkinesia, severe progressive childhood parkinsonism, and raised cerebrospinal fluid dopamine metabolites. The absence of effective treatments and relentless disease course frequently leads to death in childhood. Using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we generated a midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron model of DTDS that exhibited marked impairment of DAT activity, apoptotic neurodegeneration associated with TNFα-mediated inflammation, and dopamine toxicity. Partial restoration of DAT activity by the pharmacochaperone pifithrin-μ was mutation-specific. In contrast, lentiviral gene transfer of wild-type human SLC6A3 complementary DNA restored DAT activity and prevented neurodegeneration in all patient-derived mDA lines. To progress toward clinical translation, we used the knockout mouse model of DTDS that recapitulates human disease, exhibiting parkinsonism features, including tremor, bradykinesia, and premature death. Neonatal intracerebroventricular injection of human SLC6A3 using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector provided neuronal expression of human DAT, which ameliorated motor phenotype, life span, and neuronal survival in the substantia nigra and striatum, although off-target neurotoxic effects were seen at higher dosage. These were avoided with stereotactic delivery of AAV2.SLC6A3 gene therapy targeted to the midbrain of adult knockout mice, which rescued both motor phenotype and neurodegeneration, suggesting that targeted AAV gene therapy might be effective for patients with DTDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK.
| | | | - Gabriele Lignani
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fatma A Erdem
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
- Institute of Pharmacology and Gaston H. Glock Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Wallings
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Riccardo Privolizzi
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Giada Rossignoli
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Haya Alrashidi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sonja Heasman
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Esther Meyer
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Adeline Ngoh
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rajvinder Karda
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Dany Perocheau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Natalie Suff
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Juan Antinao Diaz
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Stephanie Schorge
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jane Vowles
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Lucy R Marshall
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Gaston H. Glock Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Gaston H. Glock Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - John R Counsell
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Simon J R Heales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Maximilien Bencze
- Developmental Neurosciences, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA-Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
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25
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Chu WS, Ng J. Immunomodulation in Administration of rAAV: Preclinical and Clinical Adjuvant Pharmacotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658038. [PMID: 33868303 PMCID: PMC8049138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has attracted a significant research focus for delivering genetic therapies to target cells. This non-enveloped virus has been trialed in many clinical-stage therapeutic strategies but important obstacle in clinical translation is the activation of both innate and adaptive immune response to the protein capsid, vector genome and transgene product. In addition, the normal population has pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against wild-type AAV, and cross-reactivity is observed between different rAAV serotypes. While extent of response can be influenced by dosing, administration route and target organ(s), these pose concerns over reduction or complete loss of efficacy, options for re-administration, and other unwanted immunological sequalae such as local tissue damage. To reduce said immunological risks, patients are excluded if they harbor anti-AAV antibodies or have received gene therapy previously. Studies have incorporated immunomodulating or suppressive regimens to block cellular and humoral immune responses such as systemic corticosteroids pre- and post-administration of Luxturna® and Zolgensma®, the two rAAV products with licensed regulatory approval in Europe and the United States. In this review, we will introduce the current pharmacological strategies to immunosuppress or immunomodulate the host immune response to rAAV gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Chu
- Pharmacy Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Horsburgh D, Song S, Kim J, Toh K, Ng J, Stratton G, Lee D, Yoon S, Park K, Jung H, Lim S, Kim D, Stirling R, Kim J, Patel D. P09.52 Explore-LC: Uniting Existing Real-World Date Sources to Create a Novel Asia-Pacific Wide Research Platform for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Best S, Hess J, Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes F, Cursons J, Kersbergen A, You Y, Ng J, Davis M, Leong T, Irving L, Ritchie M, Steinfort D, Huntington N, Sutherland K. FP10.02 Investigating the Immunophenotype of Small Cell Lung Cancer to Improve Immunotherapeutic Targeting. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Ng J. ATP1A3-related neurological disorders and cerebellar ataxia in childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:12-13. [PMID: 33064300 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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29
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Icke O, van Es DM, de Koning MF, Wuister JJG, Ng J, Phua KM, Koh YKK, Chan WJ, Tao G. Performance improvement of wastewater treatment processes by application of machine learning. Water Sci Technol 2020; 82:2671-2680. [PMID: 33341761 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving wastewater treatment processes is becoming increasingly important, due to more stringent effluent quality requirements, the need to reduce energy consumption and chemical dosing. This can be achieved by applying artificial intelligence. Machine learning is implemented in two domains: (1) predictive control and (2) advanced analytics. This is currently being piloted at the integrated validation plant of PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency. (1) Primarily, predictive control is applied for optimised nutrient removal. This is obtained by application of a self-learning feedforward algorithm, which uses load prediction and machine learning, fine-tuned with feedback on ammonium effluent. Operational results with predictive control show that the load prediction has an accuracy of ≈88%. It is also shown that an up to ≈15% reduction of aeration amount is achieved compared to conventional control. It is proven that this load prediction-based control leads to stable operation and meeting effluent quality requirements as an autopilot system. (2) Additionally, advanced analytics are being developed for operational support. This is obtained by application of quantile regression neural network modelling for anomaly detection. Preliminary results illustrate the ability to autodetect process and instrument anomalies. These can be used as early warnings to deliver data-driven operational support to process operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Icke
- Aquasuite, Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, 3818 EX Amersfoort, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - D M van Es
- Aquasuite, Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, 3818 EX Amersfoort, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - M F de Koning
- Aquasuite, Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, 3818 EX Amersfoort, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - J J G Wuister
- Aquasuite, Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, 3818 EX Amersfoort, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - J Ng
- PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, 40 Scotts Rd, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - K M Phua
- PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, 40 Scotts Rd, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Y K K Koh
- PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, 40 Scotts Rd, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - W J Chan
- PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, 40 Scotts Rd, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - G Tao
- PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, 40 Scotts Rd, Singapore 228231, Singapore
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30
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Arndt PT, Huennekens J, Packard C, Tran V, Carey J, Livingston R, Marcune VM, Rowe BA, Ng J, Qi J, Lyyra AM, Ahmed EH. The effect of collisions on the rotational angular momentum of diatomic molecules studied using polarized light. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184310. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0024380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Arndt
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - J. Huennekens
- Physics Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - C. Packard
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - V. Tran
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - J. Carey
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R. Livingston
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - V. M. Marcune
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - B. A. Rowe
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - J. Ng
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - J. Qi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610, USA
| | - A. M. Lyyra
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - E. H. Ahmed
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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31
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Agrawal V, Kaylor K, Fenton-Kerimian M, Golden E, Kang J, Ng J, Formenti S. Feasibility of Hypo-fractionated Radiation Therapy to the Breast and Nodal Stations after Neo-Adjuvant Systemic Therapy and Surgery (NCT02917421). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Kang J, Demaria S, Cardenes H, Pilones K, Jozsef G, Ng J, Ballman K, Formenti S. Effect of Radiotherapy Variables on Circulating Effectors of Immune Response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Gracia PV, Caballero LC, Sánchez J, Espinosa J, Campana S, Quintero A, Luo C, Ng J. Pregnancies recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection in second or third trimester: obstetric evolution. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:777-778. [PMID: 32996648 PMCID: PMC7537281 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Vigil‐De Gracia
- Investigador distinguido del Sistema Nacional de InvestigaciónComplejo Hospitalario Dr. AAM Caja de Seguro Social, SENACYTPanamaPanama
| | - L. C. Caballero
- Ginecología y ObstetriciaHospital Luis “Chico Fábrega”, Santiago‐VeraguasPanama
| | - J. Sánchez
- Ginecología y ObstetriciaHospital Santo TomásPanamaPanama
| | - J. Espinosa
- Ginecología y ObstetriciaHospital Santo TomásPanamaPanama
| | - S. Campana
- Ginecología y ObstetriciaComplejo Hospitalario Dr. AAM Caja de Seguro Social, PanamaPanama
| | - A. Quintero
- Ginecología y ObstetriciaHospital José Domingo de ObaldíaDavidChiriquíPanama
| | - C. Luo
- Ginecología y ObstetriciaComplejo Hospitalario Dr. AAM Caja de Seguro Social, PanamaPanama
| | - J. Ng
- Ginecología y ObstetriciaComplejo Hospitalario Dr. AAM Caja de Seguro Social, PanamaPanama
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Kaylor K, Fecteau R, Pennell R, Chen S, Balogun O, Cardenes H, Golden E, Ng J. Initial Outcomes And Treatment-Associated Toxicities Using Stereotactic MRI-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy For Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated At A Single Institution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mohammad SS, Angiti RR, Biggin A, Morales-Briceño H, Goetti R, Perez-Dueñas B, Gregory A, Hogarth P, Ng J, Papandreou A, Bhattacharya K, Rahman S, Prelog K, Webster RI, Wassmer E, Hayflick S, Livingston J, Kurian M, Chong WK, Dale RC. Magnetic resonance imaging pattern recognition in childhood bilateral basal ganglia disorders. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa178. [PMID: 33629063 PMCID: PMC7891249 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral basal ganglia abnormalities on MRI are observed in a wide variety of childhood disorders. MRI pattern recognition can enable rationalization of investigations and also complement clinical and molecular findings, particularly confirming genomic findings and also enabling new gene discovery. A pattern recognition approach in children with bilateral basal ganglia abnormalities on brain MRI was undertaken in this international multicentre cohort study. Three hundred and five MRI scans belonging to 201 children with 34 different disorders were rated using a standard radiological scoring proforma. In addition, literature review on MRI patterns was undertaken in these 34 disorders and 59 additional disorders reported with bilateral basal ganglia MRI abnormalities. Cluster analysis on first MRI findings from the study cohort grouped them into four clusters: Cluster 1—T2-weighted hyperintensities in the putamen; Cluster 2—T2-weighted hyperintensities or increased MRI susceptibility in the globus pallidus; Cluster 3—T2-weighted hyperintensities in the globus pallidus, brainstem and cerebellum with diffusion restriction; Cluster 4—T1-weighted hyperintensities in the basal ganglia. The 34 diagnostic categories included in this study showed dominant clustering in one of the above four clusters. Inflammatory disorders grouped together in Cluster 1. Mitochondrial and other neurometabolic disorders were distributed across clusters 1, 2 and 3, according to lesions dominantly affecting the striatum (Cluster 1: glutaric aciduria type 1, propionic acidaemia, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy and Leigh-like syndrome and thiamine responsive basal ganglia disease associated with SLC19A3), pallidum (Cluster 2: methylmalonic acidaemia, Kearns Sayre syndrome, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency) or pallidum, brainstem and cerebellum (Cluster 3: vigabatrin toxicity, Krabbe disease). The Cluster 4 pattern was exemplified by distinct T1-weighted hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and other brain regions in genetically determined hypermanganesemia due to SLC39A14 and SLC30A10. Within the clusters, distinctive basal ganglia MRI patterns were noted in acquired disorders such as cerebral palsy due to hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in full-term babies, kernicterus and vigabatrin toxicity and in rare genetic disorders such as 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy and Leigh-like syndrome, thiamine responsive basal ganglia disease, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, TUBB4A and hypermanganesemia. Integrated findings from the study cohort and literature review were used to propose a diagnostic algorithm to approach bilateral basal ganglia abnormalities on MRI. After integrating clinical summaries and MRI findings from the literature review, we developed a prototypic decision-making electronic tool to be tested using further cohorts and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,The Children's hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Rajeshwar Reddy Angiti
- Newborn and Peadiatric Emergency Transport Service (NETS), Bankstown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Biggin
- The Children's hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hugo Morales-Briceño
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Robert Goetti
- Medical Imaging, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belen Perez-Dueñas
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allison Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Penelope Hogarth
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joanne Ng
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Western Sydney Genomics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Child Health, University College London and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristina Prelog
- Medical Imaging, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard I Webster
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evangeline Wassmer
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan Hayflick
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John Livingston
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Manju Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - W Kling Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,The Children's hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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Ng J, Rajput A, Ng Q, Sarkar A. PCN56 Addressing the Credibility GAP of Real-World Evidence Generation in Southeast ASIA: An Analysis of 200 Articles over 10 YEARS. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Thompson J, Ng J, Armstrong B, Feletto E, Ha T. Differences in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients who did and did not undergo screening. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBSCP) is a free population-based screening program which aims to identify precancerous lesions and early colorectal cancer (CRC) using an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in average risk Australians. Formally commencing in 2006, NBCSP participation rate in eligible 50-74-year-old people was 42% in 2018. The barriers and facilitators of participation in the NBCSP have been explored for the general, at-risk population but not in a population of CRC patients. This is the first study to assess a population of CRC patients, post diagnosis, who would have been eligible for CRC screening to determine the barriers and facilitators to screening.
Methods
A cross sectional study nested within a cohort study. Data from CRC patients who participated in the 45 and Up Study; the largest cohort study in Australia and southern hemisphere, were analysed to compare those who had and had not participated in CRC screening. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using RStudio (version 3.5.2, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.). Multiple Imputation (MI), was used to handle missing values assumed to be missing at random.
Results
A total of 339 CRC patients were included. Patients who were female, overweight (≥25kg/m2), consumed less than the recommended five servings of vegetables per day, consumed less than or equal to fourteen standard drinks per week (compared to non-drinkers) or did not meet physical activity guidelines were significantly less likely to have participated in screening.
Conclusions
Our study has taken a unique approach to identifying a high-risk group by exploring factors to screening participation in CRC patients. CRC patients with less healthy lifestyles were less likely to participate in screening. In contrast to previous studies, female patients were less likely to participate in screening than males were. This was an unexpected finding and should be replicated.
Key messages
Not surprising that those with less healthy lifestyle practices also reflected less than ideal screening practices. Surprising that female patients participated less in screening than males. Future interventions to improve CRC screening participation rates should consider specialised messaging for average-risk females who are overweight not meeting dietary or physical activity guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thompson
- School of Health and Society, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - J Ng
- School of Health and Society, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - B Armstrong
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - E Feletto
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - T Ha
- School of Health and Society, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Research Assets Division, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
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Kravvas G, Ge L, Ng J, Shim TN, Doiron PR, Watchorn R, Kentley J, Panou E, Dinneen M, Freeman A, Jameson C, Haider A, Francis N, Minhas S, Alnajjar H, Muneer A, Bunker CB. The management of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN): clinical and histological features and treatment of 345 patients and a review of the literature. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1047-1062. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Kravvas
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - L. Ge
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - J. Ng
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - T. N. Shim
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - P. R. Doiron
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - R. Watchorn
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - J. Kentley
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - E. Panou
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - M. Dinneen
- Department of Urology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - A. Freeman
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C. Jameson
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A. Haider
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - N. Francis
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - S. Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - H. Alnajjar
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A. Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C. B. Bunker
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Chen LJ, Wang S, Le Contel O, Rager A, Hesse M, Drake J, Dorelli J, Ng J, Bessho N, Graham D, Wilson LB, Moore T, Giles B, Paterson W, Lavraud B, Genestreti K, Nakamura R, Khotyaintsev YV, Ergun RE, Torbert RB, Burch J, Pollock C, Russell CT, Lindqvist PA, Avanov L. Lower-Hybrid Drift Waves Driving Electron Nongyrotropic Heating and Vortical Flows in a Magnetic Reconnection Layer. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:025103. [PMID: 32701350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.025103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of lower-hybrid drift waves driving electron heating and vortical flows in an electron-scale reconnection layer under a guide field. Electrons accelerated by the electrostatic potential of the waves exhibit perpendicular and nongyrotropic heating. The vortical flows generate magnetic field perturbations comparable to the guide field magnitude. The measurements reveal a new regime of electron-wave interaction and how this interaction modifies the electron dynamics in the reconnection layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Chen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Wang
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20747, USA
| | - O Le Contel
- CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/Sorbonne Université/Univ. Paris Sud/Observatoire de Paris, Paris F91128, France
| | - A Rager
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Hesse
- University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - J Drake
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20747, USA
| | - J Dorelli
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J Ng
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20747, USA
| | - N Bessho
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20747, USA
| | - D Graham
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
| | - Lynn B Wilson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Moore
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - B Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - W Paterson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - B Lavraud
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, Toulouse 31027 Cedex 4, France
| | - K Genestreti
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - R Nakamura
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz A-8042, Austria
| | | | - R E Ergun
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R B Torbert
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - J Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238, USA
| | - C Pollock
- Denali Scientific, Healy, Alaska 99743, USA
| | - C T Russell
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P-A Lindqvist
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-11428, Sweden
| | - L Avanov
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20747, USA
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40
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Ng J, Cortès‐Saladelafont E, Abela L, Termsarasab P, Mankad K, Sudhakar S, Gorman KM, Heales SJ, Pope S, Biassoni L, Csányi B, Cain J, Rakshi K, Coutts H, Jayawant S, Jefferson R, Hughes D, García‐Cazorla À, Grozeva D, Raymond FL, Pérez‐Dueñas B, De Goede C, Pearson TS, Meyer E, Kurian MA. DNAJC6 Mutations Disrupt Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Parkinsonism-Dystonia. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1357-1368. [PMID: 32472658 PMCID: PMC8425408 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile forms of parkinsonism are rare conditions with onset of bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity before the age of 21 years. These atypical presentations commonly have a genetic aetiology, highlighting important insights into underlying pathophysiology. Genetic defects may affect key proteins of the endocytic pathway and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME), as in DNAJC6‐related juvenile parkinsonism. Objective To report on a new patient cohort with juvenile‐onset DNAJC6 parkinsonism‐dystonia and determine the functional consequences on auxilin and dopamine homeostasis. Methods Twenty‐five children with juvenile parkinsonism were identified from a research cohort of patients with undiagnosed pediatric movement disorders. Molecular genetic investigations included autozygosity mapping studies and whole‐exome sequencing. Patient fibroblasts and CSF were analyzed for auxilin, cyclin G–associated kinase and synaptic proteins. Results We identified 6 patients harboring previously unreported, homozygous nonsense DNAJC6 mutations. All presented with neurodevelopmental delay in infancy, progressive parkinsonism, and neurological regression in childhood. 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT (DaTScan) was performed in 3 patients and demonstrated reduced or absent tracer uptake in the basal ganglia. CSF neurotransmitter analysis revealed an isolated reduction of homovanillic acid. Auxilin levels were significantly reduced in both patient fibroblasts and CSF. Cyclin G–associated kinase levels in CSF were significantly increased, whereas a number of presynaptic dopaminergic proteins were reduced. Conclusions DNAJC6 is an emerging cause of recessive juvenile parkinsonism‐dystonia. DNAJC6 encodes the cochaperone protein auxilin, involved in CME of synaptic vesicles. The observed dopamine dyshomeostasis in patients is likely to be multifactorial, secondary to auxilin deficiency and/or neurodegeneration. Increased patient CSF cyclin G–associated kinase, in tandem with reduced auxilin levels, suggests a possible compensatory role of cyclin G–associated kinase, as observed in the auxilin knockout mouse. DNAJC6 parkinsonism‐dystonia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pediatric neurotransmitter disorders associated with low homovanillic acid levels. Future research in elucidating disease pathogenesis will aid the development of better treatments for this pharmacoresistant disorder. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ng
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Gene Transfer Technology GroupUCL Institute for Women's HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elisenda Cortès‐Saladelafont
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucia Abela
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pichet Termsarasab
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sniya Sudhakar
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M. Gorman
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon J.R. Heales
- Neurometabolic UnitNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic UnitNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Biassoni
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Barbara Csányi
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - John Cain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and ImagingLancashire Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustPrestonUnited Kingdom
| | - Karl Rakshi
- Department of PaediatricsEast Lancashire Hospital NHS TrustLancashireUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen Coutts
- Department of PaediatricsEast Lancashire Hospital NHS TrustLancashireUnited Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Jayawant
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyJohn Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Jefferson
- Department of PaediatricsRoyal Berkshire Hospital, NHS Foundation TrustReadingUnited Kingdom
| | - Deborah Hughes
- Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston LaboratoriesInstitute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Àngels García‐Cazorla
- Department of NeurologyNeurometabolic Unit and CIBERER Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- UK10K Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - F. Lucy Raymond
- Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- UK10K Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Belén Pérez‐Dueñas
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Christian De Goede
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyRoyal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toni S. Pearson
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Esther Meyer
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
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Chiew G, Ng J, Lim J, Nguyen T, Fu B, Lin X. Large scale 3D bioreactor technology: linear scale up of mesenchymal stromal cell expansion with tidexcell™ system. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Suff N, Karda R, Diaz JA, Ng J, Baruteau J, Perocheau D, Taylor PW, Alber D, Buckley SMK, Bajaj-Elliott M, Waddington SN, Peebles D. Cervical Gene Delivery of the Antimicrobial Peptide, Human β-Defensin (HBD)-3, in a Mouse Model of Ascending Infection-Related Preterm Birth. Front Immunol 2020; 11:106. [PMID: 32117260 PMCID: PMC7026235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of preterm births are preceded by microbial invasion of the intrauterine space; ascent from the vagina being the most common pathway. Within the cervical canal, antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are important components of the cervical barrier which help to prevent ascending vaginal infection. We investigated whether expression of the AMP, human β-defensin-3 (HBD3), in the cervical mucosa of pregnant mice could prevent bacterial ascent from the vagina into the uterine cavity. An adeno-associated virus vector containing both the HBD3 gene and GFP transgene (AAV8 HBD3.GFP) or control AAV8 GFP, was administered intravaginally into E13.5 pregnant mice. Ascending infection was induced at E16.5 using bioluminescent Escherichia coli (E. coli K1 A192PP-lux2). Bioluminescence imaging showed bacterial ascent into the uterine cavity, inflammatory events that led to premature delivery and a reduction in pups born alive, compared with uninfected controls. Interestingly, a significant reduction in uterine bioluminescence in the AAV8 HBD3.GFP-treated mice was observed 24 h post-E. coli infection, compared to AAV8 GFP treated mice, signifying reduced bacterial ascent in AAV8 HBD3.GFP-treated mice. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the number of living pups in AAV HBD3.GFP-treated mice. We propose that HBD3 may be a potential candidate for augmenting cervical innate immunity to prevent ascending infection-related preterm birth and its associated neonatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Suff
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajvinder Karda
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Antinao Diaz
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dany Perocheau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Taylor
- University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar Alber
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M. K. Buckley
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- SA/MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Donald Peebles
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Karda R, Rahim AA, Wong AMS, Suff N, Diaz JA, Perocheau DP, Tijani M, Ng J, Baruteau J, Martin NP, Hughes M, Delhove JMKM, Counsell JR, Cooper JD, Henckaerts E, Mckay TR, Buckley SMK, Waddington SN. Generation of light-producing somatic-transgenic mice using adeno-associated virus vectors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2121. [PMID: 32034258 PMCID: PMC7005886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously designed a library of lentiviral vectors to generate somatic-transgenic rodents to monitor signalling pathways in diseased organs using whole-body bioluminescence imaging, in conscious, freely moving rodents. We have now expanded this technology to adeno-associated viral vectors. We first explored bio-distribution by assessing GFP expression after neonatal intravenous delivery of AAV8. We observed widespread gene expression in, central and peripheral nervous system, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. Next, we selected a constitutive SFFV promoter and NFκB binding sequence for bioluminescence and biosensor evaluation. An intravenous injection of AAV8 containing firefly luciferase and eGFP under transcriptional control of either element resulted in strong and persistent widespread luciferase expression. A single dose of LPS-induced a 10-fold increase in luciferase expression in AAV8-NFκB mice and immunohistochemistry revealed GFP expression in cells of astrocytic and neuronal morphology. Importantly, whole-body bioluminescence persisted up to 240 days. We have validated a novel biosensor technology in an AAV system by using an NFκB response element and revealed its potential to monitor signalling pathway in a non-invasive manner in a model of LPS-induced inflammation. This technology complements existing germline-transgenic models and may be applicable to other rodent disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajvinder Karda
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew M S Wong
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Suff
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan Antinao Diaz
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dany P Perocheau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maha Tijani
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nuria Palomar Martin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Hughes
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John R Counsell
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Els Henckaerts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Laboratory of Viral Cell Signalling and Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tristan R Mckay
- Centre for Biomedicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne M K Buckley
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Egedal J, Ng J, Le A, Daughton W, Wetherton B, Dorelli J, Gershman D, Rager A. Pressure Tensor Elements Breaking the Frozen-In Law During Reconnection in Earth's Magnetotail. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:225101. [PMID: 31868399 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.225101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aided by fully kinetic simulations, spacecraft observations of magnetic reconnection in Earth's magnetotail are analyzed. The structure of the electron diffusion region is in quantitative agreement with the numerical model. Of special interest, the spacecraft data reveal how reconnection is mediated by off-diagonal stress in the electron pressure tensor breaking the frozen-in law of the electron fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Egedal
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Ng
- Center for Heliophysics, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - A Le
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W Daughton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Wetherton
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Dorelli
- Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Gershman
- Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - A Rager
- Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
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Ngoi N, Heong V, Kumarakulasinghe N, Phyu P, Peh E, Lim S, Lim Y, Tang J, Choo B, Koh V, Ilancheran A, Low J, Ng J, Thian Y, Tan D. Phase I study of low dose whole abdominal radiation therapy (LDWART) in combination with weekly paclitaxel (wP) for platinum resistant ovarian cancer (PROC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wyrwicz L, Saunders M, Hall M, Ng J, Prasad VB, Lautermilch N, Rashford M, Jin J, Formenti S, Glynne-Jones R. A phase Ib study of E7046 (AN0025) in combination with radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) in preoperative treatment of rectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz246.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Fecteau R, Pennell R, Farjam R, Ng J. Initial Dosimetric Outcomes and Treatment Related Toxicities Using Stereotactic MRI-Guided Radiation Therapy (SMART) for Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer at a Single Institution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Broad JB, Wu Z, Ng J, Arroll B, Connolly MJ, Jaung R, Oliver F, Bissett IP. 79USE OF BIG DATA TO GUIDE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN DIVERTICULAR DISEASE OF THE INTESTINES (DDI): PRIMARY CARE MANAGEMENT OF DDI IS COMMON, YET EVIDENCE IS LACKING AND GUIDELINES ARE SILENT. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz060.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J B Broad
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
| | - J Ng
- Institute for Innovation and Improvement, Waitemata District Health Board, Takapuna, New Zealand
| | - B Arroll
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Tamaki, New Zealand
| | - M J Connolly
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Takapuna, New Zealand
| | - R Jaung
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - F Oliver
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Takapuna, New Zealand
| | - I P Bissett
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tang J, Heong V, Ng J, Low J, Tan D. Use of low-dose whole abdominal radiation therapy (LDWART) as a chemosensitizer in combination with weekly paclitaxel for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: Safety analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to review the literature to establish whether there is a best treatment for low-risk ankle fractures in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials was undertaken, which compared interventions for 'low-risk' ankle fractures in children. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. RESULTS Four trials were identified reporting outcomes from 256 patients. All trials reported results using a device that permitted ankle motion compared with more rigid immobilisation. Overall risk of bias was low for three trials and high for one trial. Two trials assessed time to return to normal function. Patients treated in a splint or with a bandage recovering 6-7.5 days sooner than those treated with rigid immobilisation. One trial demonstrated that children returned to school sooner if treated in a bandage rather than in a cast. Two trials found a higher Activity Scale for Kids performance score at four weeks for children treated with splint compared with rigid immobilisation. There was no clear advantage to any device in patient satisfaction, quality of life or total costs. DISCUSSION There is no clear best treatment for these injuries. Studies had significant limitations and outcomes were heterogeneous, limiting meta-analysis. CONCLUSION There is a need for a definitive trial to establish the best treatment for ankle fractures and a core outcome set to ensure study findings are consistent and can be analysed in future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Marson
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Ng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Y Myint
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Djc Grindlay
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - B J Ollivere
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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