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Hirsch F, Bumanglag Â, Zhang Y, Wohlschlaeger A. Diverging functional connectivity timescales: Capturing distinct aspects of cognitive performance in early psychosis. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103657. [PMID: 39208481 PMCID: PMC11401179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs) are marked by cognitive impairments, the neurobiological correlates of which remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the entropy of time-varying functional connectivity (TVFC) patterns from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) as potential biomarker for cognitive performance in PSDs. By combining our results with multimodal reference data, we hope to generate new insights into the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in PSDs. We hypothesized that low-entropy TVFC patterns (LEN) would be more behaviorally informative than high-entropy TVFC patterns (HEN), especially for tasks that require extensive integration across diverse cognitive subdomains. METHODS rs-fMRI and behavioral data from 97 patients in the early phases of psychosis and 53 controls were analyzed. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were taken from a public repository (Hansen et al., 2022). Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine relationships between TVFC patterns at multiple spatial scales and cognitive performance in patients. RESULTS Compared to HEN, LEN explained significantly more cognitive variance on average in PSD patients, driven by superior encoding of information on psychometrically more integrated tasks. HEN better captured information in specific subdomains of executive functioning. Nodal HEN-LEN transitions were spatially aligned with neurobiological gradients reflecting monoaminergic transporter densities and MEG beta-power. Exploratory analyses revealed a close statistical relationship between LEN and positive symptom severity in patients. CONCLUSION Our entropy-based analysis of TVFC patterns dissociates distinct aspects of cognition in PSDs. By linking topographies of neurotransmission and oscillatory dynamics with cognitive performance, it enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in PSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hirsch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Ângelo Bumanglag
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Afra Wohlschlaeger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
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Orhan A, Nguyen C, Chan A, Herrstedt J. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of dopamine-receptor antagonists for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:473-489. [PMID: 38878283 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2367593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine (D)2,3-receptor antagonists (RAs) were the first antiemetics used in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). AREAS COVERED Eight D2,3-RAs, amisulpride, domperidone, droperidol, haloperidol, metoclopramide, metopimazine, olanzapine and prochlorperazine are reviewed focusing on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, antiemetic effect and side effects. EXPERT OPINION Since the introduction of D2,3-RAs, antiemetics such as corticosteroids, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3-RAs and neurokinin (NK)1-RAs have been developed. The classical D2,3-RAs are recommended in the prophylaxis of CINV from low emetic risk chemotherapy, but not as a fixed component of an antiemetic regimen for moderately or highly (HEC) emetic risk chemotherapy. D2,3-RAs are also used in patients with breakthrough nausea and vomiting. It should be emphasized, that most of these drugs are not selective for dopamine receptors.The multi-receptor targeting agent, olanzapine, is recommended in the prophylaxis of HEC-induced CINV as part of a four-drug antiemetic regimen, including a 5-HT3-RA, dexamethasone and a NK1-RA. Olanzapine is the most effective agent to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea.Side effects differ among various D2,3-RAs. Metopimazine and domperidone possess a low risk of extrapyramidal side effects. Domperidone and metoclopramide are prokinetics, whereas metopimazine delays gastric emptying and haloperidol does not influence gastric motility. Many D2,3-RAs increase the risk of prolonged QTc interval; other side effects include sedation and orthostatic hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adile Orhan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Carolyn Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Alexandre Chan
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jørn Herrstedt
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hirsch F, Bumanglag Â, Zhang Y, Wohlschlaeger A. Diverging functional connectivity timescales: Capturing distinct aspects of cognitive performance in early psychosis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.07.24306932. [PMID: 38766002 PMCID: PMC11100938 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.24306932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs) are marked by cognitive impairments, the neurobiological correlates of which remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the entropy of time-varying functional connectivity (TVFC) patterns from resting-state fMRI (rfMRI) as potential biomarker for cognitive performance in PSDs. By combining our results with multimodal reference data, we hope to generate new insights into the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in PSDs. We hypothesized that low-entropy TVFC patterns (LEN) would be more behaviorally informative than high-entropy TVFC patterns (HEN), especially for tasks that require extensive integration across diverse cognitive subdomains. Methods rfMRI and behavioral data from 97 patients in the early phases of psychosis and 53 controls were analyzed. Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were taken from a public repository (Hansen et al., 2022). Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine relationships between TVFC patterns at multiple spatial scales and cognitive performance in patients. Results Compared to HEN, LEN explained significantly more cognitive variance on average in PSD patients, driven by superior encoding of information on psychometrically more integrated tasks. HEN better captured information in specific subdomains of executive functioning. Nodal HEN-LEN transitions were spatially aligned with neurobiological gradients reflecting monoaminergic transporter densities and MEG beta power. Exploratory analyses revealed a close statistical relationship between LEN and positive PSD symptoms. Conclusion Our entropy-based analysis of TVFC patterns dissociates distinct aspects of cognition in PSDs. By linking topographies of neurotransmission and oscillatory dynamics with cognitive performance, it enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in PSDs. CRediT Authorship Contribution Statement Fabian Hirsch: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization; Ângelo Bumanglag: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing - Review & Editing; Yifei Zhang: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing - Review & Editing; Afra Wohlschlaeger: Methodology, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Project administration.
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Barušić AK. The emerging role of olanzapine in paediatric CINV control: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32116. [PMID: 36550859 PMCID: PMC9771166 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a serious side effect of chemotherapy that negatively impacts the quality of life of oncological patients and is associated with the emetogenic risk specific to administered chemotherapy. Current practice guidelines on the use of antiemetics in CINV include the option of adding olanzapine to antiemetic regimens in the management of adult CINV. The use of olanzapine in pediatric CINV has been restricted to children with poor CINV control. Research on the use of olanzapine in pediatric CINV has been limited. The aim of this review was to evaluate current evidence on the effective and safe antiemetic use of olanzapine in pediatric CINV of any type following chemotherapy of any emetogenicity. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL databases were searched for any literature on the use of olanzapine in pediatric CINV published from 2015 to 2022. Studies that reported on the olanzapine-containing antiemetic regimen in peadiatric CINV control specifically were included. Search restrictions were placed on research published in English. The search generated 43 records that were assessed for eligibility. Out of 10 identified eligible studies a third were RCT. Findings of this review suggest that adding olanzapine to antiemetic regimen in pediatric CINV control is a worthwhile consideration. Further research is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of antiemetic olanzapine use in pediatric CINV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Karla Barušić
- The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are publicly available. The Psychoncology Team, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University Collage Hospital, London, UK
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Mismatch negativity as an index of target engagement for excitation/inhibition-based treatment development: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, single-dose cross-over study of the serotonin type-3 receptor antagonist CVN058. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:711-718. [PMID: 34667294 PMCID: PMC8782925 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin type-3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists show potential as a treatment for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. CVN058, a brain-penetrant, potent and selective 5-HT3R antagonist, shows efficacy in rodent models of cognition and was well-tolerated in Phase-1 studies. We evaluated the target engagement of CVN058 using mismatch negativity (MMN) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Subjects were stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated with antipsychotics. Subjects were not permitted to use other 5-HT3R modulators or serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Each subject received a high (150 mg) and low (15 mg or 75 mg) oral dose of CVN058 and placebo in a randomized order across 3 single-day treatment visits separated by at least 1 week. The primary pre-registered outcome was amplitude of duration MMN. Amplitude of other MMN deviants (frequency, intensity, frequency modulation, and location), P50, P300 and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) were exploratory endpoints. 19 of 22 randomized subjects (86.4%) completed the study. Baseline PANSS scores indicated moderate impairment. CVN058 150 mg led to significant improvement vs. placebo on the primary outcome of duration MMN (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.48). A significant treatment effect was also seen in a combined analysis across all MMN deviants (p < 0.001, d = 0.57). Effects on location MMN were independently significant (p < 0.007, d = 0.46). No other significant effects were seen for other deviants, doses or EEG measures. There were no clinically significant treatment related adverse effects. These results show MMN to be a sensitive target engagement biomarker for 5-HT3R, and support the potential utility of CVN058 in correcting the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in schizophrenia.
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Al-Otaibi JS, Albrycht P, Mary YS, Mary YS, Księżopolska-Gocalska M. Concentration-dependent SERS profile of olanzapine on silver and silver-gold metallic substrates. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Baldez DP, Biazus TB, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Nogaro GP, Martins DS, Kunz M, Czepielewski LS. The effect of antipsychotics on the cognitive performance of individuals with psychotic disorders: Network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:265-275. [PMID: 33812977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core aspect of psychotic disorders; however, it is not clear to which extent different pharmacological treatments could distinctly impact these outcomes. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and ten network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials to compare the effect of antipsychotics on cognitive performance of individuals with psychotic disorders. Fifty-four trials were included in the analyses, enrolling 5866 patients. Compared to other antipsychotics, amisulpride performed better on verbal learning; quetiapine on composite score, attention and verbal learning; lurasidone on composite score; olanzapine on composite score and most cognitive domains; perphenazine on composite score, executive function, working memory, and verbal learning; risperidone on executive function and verbal learning; sertindole on processing speed; and ziprasidone on composite score, working memory, and verbal learning. Oppositely, haloperidol performed poorer on all cognitive domains, occupying the last positions in all rankings; and clozapine performed poorer on composite score, executive function, verbal learning, and visuoconstruction. We hope that these results should be taken into account when assessing and treating individuals with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prates Baldez
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tais Boeira Biazus
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pedro Nogaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Dayane Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Maurício Kunz
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.
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8
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dutta P, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya B, Biswas S, M Navari R. Low-dose olanzapine, sedation and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a prospective randomized controlled study. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2041-2056. [PMID: 33792376 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Comparison of efficacy, safety and sedation between two doses of olanzapine in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Patients & methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study was conducted, enrolling 68 patients receiving a single-day cycle of high and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Patients received either of olanzapine 5 mg or 10 mg from day 1 through 3 in addition to ondansetron and dexamethasone. Control of CINV, nausea, sedation, quality of life (QoL) and adverse events were compared. Results: Nausea, emesis control and improvement of QoL were similar in both groups. Sedation severity was 133% higher with 10 mg olanzapine. Conclusions: Lower dose olanzapine is effective to control CINV with significantly reduced sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Premnath Dutta
- Radiation Oncology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, 713104, India
| | - Sanatan Banerjee
- Radiation Oncology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, 713104, India
| | | | - Supreeti Biswas
- Pharmacology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Rudolf M Navari
- Cancer Care Program, Central & South America, World Health Organization, Simon Williamson Clinic, Birmingham, AL 35211, USA
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Olanzapine has become a major drug in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting as a prophylactic agent. In addition, a recent randomized trial has demonstrated its benefits in treating nausea and vomiting associated with advanced cancer. The added benefit to olanzapine is that it also stimulates appetite. As a result, since it treats multiple symptoms associated with advanced cancer, it is likely to become the antiemetic of choice in palliative care at least in the USA. The added benefit of treating insomnia and the avoidance of benzodiazepines should place olanzapine in at the top of the list of drugs to use for patients who do complain of insomnia. There is no good evidence that it potentiates the respiratory depression of opioids unlike benzodiazepines. The evidence is weak that olanzapine in as an adjuvant analgesic. Hopefully, future trials will explore this in greater depth. The benefits of adding olanzapine to potent opioids are that it may reduce craving, drug cues, and opioid misuse. Other symptoms like anxiety and depression may be addressed by the addition of olanzapine to standard antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P Davis
- Geisinger Medical Center, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Gareth J Sanger
- Blizard Institute and National Bowel Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
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Olanzapine for the Treatment of Breakthrough Vomiting in Children Receiving Moderate and High Emetogenic Chemotherapy. Indian Pediatr 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-2038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wu X, Wu J, Tong G, Cheng B, Chen M, Yu S, He L, Li Z, Wang S. Efficacy of Olanzapine-Triple Antiemetic Regimen in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumor and High Risk of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Study. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6575-6583. [PMID: 32801895 PMCID: PMC7402666 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dexamethasone combined with 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3 RA) dual regimen is the standard prophylaxis regimen for patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). However, it has been found in real-world practice that chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains poorly controlled among patients with gastrointestinal tumor, especially in those with high-risk factors for vomiting, such as female, young, and non-alcoholic individuals. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an olanzapine-containing triple regimen in this clinical setting. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of gastrointestinal tumor patients who received mFOLFOX6, XELOX, or FOLFIRI chemotherapy at two institutions. All patients included were female and less than 55 years old, with no history of drinking. The patients were divided into two groups for olanzapine-containing triple therapy (olanzapine, tropisetron, and dexamethasone) and non-olanzapine dual therapy (tropisetron and dexamethasone). The study outcomes were complete response (CR), complete control (CC), nausea control, and quality of life (QoL) by the functional living index-emesis (FLIE) questionnaire. Results A total of 93 patients were included in the study (olanzapine: 40; control: 53). The CR rate in the olanzapine group was significantly higher than that in the control group in delayed and overall phase (75.0% vs 54.7%, p=0.044; 70.0% vs 47.2%; p=0.028). The CC rate in the overall phase was also better in the olanzapine group (62.5% vs 39.6%, p=0.029). The control of nausea in the overall phase showed a superior trend in the olanzapine group (p=0.059). The olanzapine group exhibited higher FLIE scores, which demonstrated better QoL. More patients in the olanzapine group exhibited somnolence and dizziness. Conversely, the incidence of insomnia and anorexia in the olanzapine group was lower. Conclusion This retrospective study indicates that in gastrointestinal tumor patients with high-risk factors for CINV who were receiving MEC, olanzapine-containing triple antiemetic regimen exhibit better efficacy and QoL as compared to non-olanzapine dual regimen. Further randomized studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxun Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangling Tong
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Boran Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Community Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Yu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirui He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
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Ohno Y, Kunisawa N, Shimizu S. Antipsychotic Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD): Management of Extrapyramidal Side Effects. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1045. [PMID: 31607910 PMCID: PMC6758594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are often used for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), especially psychosis and behavioral disturbances (e.g., aggression and agitation). They are prescribed alone or in conjunction with anti-dementia (e.g., anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs) and other psychotropic drugs (e.g., antidepressants). However, antipsychotic drugs frequently produce serious extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) including Parkinsonian symptoms (e.g., bradykinesia, akinesia, tremor, and muscle rigidity). Therefore, appropriate drug choice and combination strategy are important in the treatment of BPSD. Among anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs, e.g., donepezil and galantamine) have a propensity to potentiate EPS associated with antipsychotic treatment in a synergistic manner. In contrast, the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine reduces antipsychotic-induced EPS. Antidepressant drugs, which inhibit 5-HT reuptake into the nerve terminals, also synergistically augment antipsychotic-induced EPS, while mirtazapine (α2, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 antagonist) reduces the EPS induction. Importantly, previous studies showed that multiple 5-HT receptors play crucial roles in modulating EPS associated with antipsychotic treatment. Specifically, activation of 5-HT1A receptors or blockade of 5-HT2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT6 receptors can alleviate EPS induction both by antipsychotics alone and by combined antipsychotic treatments with ChEIs or 5-HT reuptake inhibitors. In this article, we review antipsychotic use in treating BPSD and discuss the favorable drug selection in terms of the management of antipsychotic-induced EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kunisawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
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13
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Wang W, Lou G, Zhang Y. Olanzapine with ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12331. [PMID: 30212982 PMCID: PMC6156067 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has shown efficacy for the treatment of nausea, anxiety, and insomnia. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine (5 mg) combined with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in lung patients receiving cisplatin-based (25 mg/m2 d1-3) highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).Olanzapine (5 mg) was administered a day prior to cisplatin administration and continued on days 1 to 5. We evaluated complete response (CR) rate and rates of no nausea and no vomiting in 3 periods. In addition, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and The Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire were also assessed.A total of 40 lung cancer patients were included. CR for acute, delayed, and over all phases were 82.5%, 75.0%, and 70.0%, respectively. The rate of no nausea in the acute phase was 70.0% and 62.5% in delayed phase. The rate of no vomiting in the acute phase was 85.0%, and 77.5% in delayed phase. The rate of no nausea and no vomiting in the overall phase were 57.5% and 75.0%, respectively. The median SAS and SDS score were 37.9 and 41.6 in pre-chemotherapy, respectively. Up to day 6 after chemotherapy treatment, the median SAS and SDS score were 36.9 and 42.0, respectively. The median FLIE score was 111.7. The main side effects were grade 1 somnolence (35.0%) and mild constipation (52.5%).Around 5 mg olanzapine may be used as a potential, safe, and cost-beneficial alternative to prevent nausea and vomiting for HEC, particular for multiday chemotherapy regimen.
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen G, Hong S, Yang Y, Fang W, Luo F, Chen X, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Zhan J, Xue C, Hou X, Zhou T, Ma S, Gao F, Huang Y, Chen L, Zhou N, Zhao H, Zhang L. Olanzapine-Based Triple Regimens Versus Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist-Based Triple Regimens in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Associated with Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Network Meta-Analysis. Oncologist 2018; 23:603-616. [PMID: 29330211 PMCID: PMC5947448 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current antiemetic prophylaxis for patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) included the olanzapine-based triplet and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RAs)-based triplet. However, which one shows better antiemetic effect remained unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically reviewed 43 trials, involving 16,609 patients with HEC, which compared the following antiemetics at therapeutic dose range for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: olanzapine, aprepitant, casopitant, fosaprepitant, netupitant, and rolapitant. The main outcomes were the proportion of patients who achieved no nausea, complete response (CR), and drug-related adverse events. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS Olanzapine-based triple regimens showed significantly better no-nausea rate in overall phase and delayed phase than aprepitant-based triplet (odds ratios 3.18, 3.00, respectively), casopitant-based triplet (3.78, 4.12, respectively), fosaprepitant-based triplet (3.08, 4.10, respectively), rolapitant-based triplet (3.45, 3.20, respectively), and conventional duplex regimens (4.66, 4.38, respectively). CRs of olanzapine-based triplet were roughly equal to different NK-1RAs-based triplet but better than the conventional duplet. Moreover, no significant drug-related adverse events were observed in olanzapine-based triple regimens when compared with NK-1RAs-based triple regimens and duplex regimens. Additionally, the costs of olanzapine-based regimens were obviously much lower than the NK-1RA-based regimens. CONCLUSION Olanzapine-based triplet stood out in terms of nausea control and drug price but represented no significant difference of CRs in comparison with NK-1RAs-based triplet. Olanzapine-based triple regimens should be an optional antiemetic choice for patients with HEC, especially those suffering from delayed phase nausea. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE According to the results of this study, olanzapine-based triple antiemetic regimens were superior in both overall and delayed-phase nausea control when compared with various neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists-based triple regimens in patients with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Olanzapine-based triplet was outstanding in terms of nausea control and drug price. For cancer patients with HEC, especially those suffering from delayed-phase nausea, olanzapine-based triple regimens should be an optional antiemetic choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodong Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Likun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Johnson RJ. A research study review of effectiveness of treatments for psychiatric conditions common to end-stage cancer patients: needs assessment for future research and an impassioned plea. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:85. [PMID: 29614992 PMCID: PMC5883872 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of psychiatric conditions common to end-stage cancer patients (delirium, depression, anxiety disorders) remain unchanged. However, patient numbers have increased as the population has aged; indeed, cancer is a chief cause of mortality and morbidity in older populations. Effectiveness of psychiatric interventions and research to evaluate, inform, and improve interventions is critical to these patients' care. This article's intent is to report results from a recent review study on the effectiveness of interventions for psychiatric conditions common to end-stage cancer patients; the review study assessed the state of research regarding treatment effectiveness. Unlike previous review studies, this one included non-traditional/alternative therapies and spirituality interventions that have undergone scientific inquiry. METHODS A five-phase systematic strategy and a theoretic grounded iterative methodology were used to identify studies for inclusion and to craft an integrated, synthesized, comprehensive, and reasonably current end-product. RESULTS Psychiatric medication therapies undoubtedly are the most powerful treatments. Among them, the most effective (i.e., "best practices benchmarks") are: (1) for delirium, typical antipsychotics-though there is no difference between typical vs. atypical and other antipsychotics, except for different side-effect profiles, (2) for depression, if patient life expectancy is ≥4-6 weeks, then a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and if < 3 weeks, then psychostimulants or ketamine, and these generally are useful anytime in the cancer disease course, and (3) for anxiety disorders, bio-diazepams (BDZs) are most used and most effective. A universal consensus suggests that psychosocial (i.e., talk) therapy and spirituality interventions fortify the therapeutic alliance and psychiatric medication protocols. However, trial studies have had mixed results regarding effectiveness in reducing psychiatric symptoms, even for touted psychotherapies. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings prompted a testable linear conceptual model of co-factors and their importance for providing effective psychiatric care for end-stage cancer patients. The complicated and tricky part is negotiating patients' diagnoses while articulating internal intricacies within and between each of the model's co-factors. There is a relative absence of scientifically derived information and need for more large-scale, diverse scientific inquiry. Thus, this article is an impassioned plea for accelerated study and better care for end-stage cancer patients' psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J Johnson
- Departments of Myeloma, TMC Catholic Chaplain's Corps, and Houston Hospice, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 439, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
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Jeon SY, Han HS, Bae WK, Park MR, Shim H, Lee SC, Go SI, Yun HJ, Im YJ, Song EK. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy: Results of the Korean South West Oncology Group (KSWOG) Study. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:90-97. [PMID: 29510613 PMCID: PMC6333980 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Data on the efficacy of olanzapine in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of olanzapine versus placebo in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving MEC. Materials and Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether olanzapine can reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients receiving palonosetron and dexamethasone as prophylaxis for MEC-induced nausea and vomiting. The primary end point was complete response for the acute phase (0-24 hours after chemotherapy). The secondary end points were complete response for the delayed (24-120 hours) and overall phase (0-120 hours), proportion of significant nausea (visual analogue scale ≥ 25 mm), use ofrescue medications, and effect on QOL. RESULTS Fifty-six patients were randomized to the olanzapine (n=29) and placebo (n=27) groups. Complete response rates were not significantly different between the olanzapine and placebo groups in the acute (96.5% vs. 88.0%, p=0.326), delayed (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118), and overall phases (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118). However, the percentage of patients with significant nausea (17.2% vs. 44.0%, p=0.032) and the use of rescue medications (0.03±0.19 vs. 1.88±2.88, p=0.002) were lower in the olanzapine group than in the placebo. Furthermore, the olanzapine group demonstrated better QOL (p=0.015). CONCLUSION Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone significantly improved QOL and vomiting control among previously untreated patients receiving MEC, although the efficacy was limited to the reduction of the frequency of CINV.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Moo-Rim Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyeok Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Se-Il Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hwan Jung Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Im
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun-Kee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life and is perceived by patients as a major adverse effect of the treatment. This review summarizes the safety and efficacy of current antiemetic agents for the prevention of CINV in children. Information on antiemetic prophylaxis for CINV in children was obtained from a literature review of current peer-reviewed articles and recent international guidelines. The literature review and the international antiemetic guidelines provide recommendations for use of specific antiemetics in children based on the emetogenicity of the chemotherapy. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists have been safe and effective in the prevention of acute emesis with a few patients experiencing mild headache. No adequate studies have been conducted to date for specific recommendations for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting in children. The neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant has been approved by the US FDA for use in children of a specific age and weight. No studies for the NK1 receptor antagonists netupitant and rolapitant in children have been conducted. Olanzapine, an antipsychotic, has been shown to be safe and effective in preventing nausea and emesis in adult patients receiving chemotherapy. Its use in children has been limited to children with poor control of CINV; more studies are necessary in this population. In conclusion, practitioners should follow international antiemetic guidelines to provide patients with the specific antiemetics in the recommended dose for the highest possible quality of care.
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18
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Role of olanzapine in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on platinum-based chemotherapy patients: a randomized controlled study. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:145-154. [PMID: 27591991 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Even with the use of modern antiemetic drugs, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is still a cause of great distress to the patients. Olanzapine, primarily marketed as an antipsychotic, was found to reduce nausea and vomiting in some chemotherapy patients. But it was never tested in Indian population with a diverse genetic background. The present study aims to evaluate the role of olanzapine in CINV in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS The study was a randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded study on 100 chemotherapy-naïve consenting patients receiving any one from cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin. The control group (n = 50) received palonosetron and dexamethasone in the approved therapeutic dose from the day 1 of chemotherapy. The test group (n = 50) received additional olanzapine 10 mg/day from day 1 for five consecutive days. CINV and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. RESULTS Vomiting was significantly less among the olanzapine-treated patients. Control of delayed emesis was significantly better in this group (complete response among 96 vs. 42 % in the control group, p value <0.0001). Incidence and severity of nausea was significantly less in this group. Failure of anti-CINV measure was 4 % in this group compared to 26 % of the patients of the control group during overall days 1-5. Though sedation was more in these olanzapine-treated patients, there was no dose-limiting adverse event. Quality of life was also better among the olanzapine-treated patients. CONCLUSION Olanzapine was found to be effective as add-on in the control of CINV.
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Navari RM, Qin R, Ruddy KJ, Liu H, Powell SF, Bajaj M, Dietrich L, Biggs D, Lafky JM, Loprinzi CL. Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:134-42. [PMID: 27410922 PMCID: PMC5344450 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1515725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the efficacy of olanzapine for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial, we compared olanzapine with placebo, in combination with dexamethasone, aprepitant or fosaprepitant, and a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3-receptor antagonist, in patients with no previous chemotherapy who were receiving cisplatin (≥70 mg per square meter of body-surface area) or cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin. The doses of the three concomitant drugs administered before and after chemotherapy were similar in the two groups. The two groups received either 10 mg of olanzapine orally or matching placebo daily on days 1 through 4. Nausea prevention was the primary end point; a complete response (no emesis and no use of rescue medication) was a secondary end point. RESULTS In the analysis, we included 380 patients who could be evaluated (192 assigned to olanzapine, and 188 to placebo). The proportion of patients with no chemotherapy-induced nausea was significantly greater with olanzapine than with placebo in the first 24 hours after chemotherapy (74% vs. 45%, P=0.002), the period from 25 to 120 hours after chemotherapy (42% vs. 25%, P=0.002), and the overall 120-hour period (37% vs. 22%, P=0.002). The complete-response rate was also significantly increased with olanzapine during the three periods: 86% versus 65% (P<0.001), 67% versus 52% (P=0.007), and 64% versus 41% (P<0.001), respectively. Although there were no grade 5 toxic effects, some patients receiving olanzapine had increased sedation (severe in 5%) on day 2. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine, as compared with placebo, significantly improved nausea prevention, as well as the complete-response rate, among previously untreated patients who were receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02116530.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph M Navari
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Rui Qin
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Kathryn J Ruddy
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Heshan Liu
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Steven F Powell
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Madhuri Bajaj
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Leah Dietrich
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - David Biggs
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Jacqueline M Lafky
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
| | - Charles L Loprinzi
- From Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care-Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware-Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
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Maeda A, Ura T, Asano C, Haegawa I, Nomura M, Komori A, Narita Y, Taniguchi H, Kadowaki S, Muro K, Horio Y, Yoshida T, Oze I, Kajita M, Mizutani A. A phase II trial of prophylactic olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 12:254-8. [PMID: 27030364 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone for patients receiving cisplatin (≥50 mg/m(2) ), because this antiemetic therapy has not been sufficiently examined in patients receiving cisplatin. METHODS We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone for chemotherapy naïve patients receiving cisplatin (≥50 mg/m(2) ). Patients received prophylactic dexamethasone (20 mg IV, day 1), palonosetron (0.75 mg IV, day 1), and olanzapine (10 mg, days 1-4). The patients were monitored for emesis and nausea for 120 h after chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) rate, which was defined as no vomiting episodes and no use of rescue medication for the overall period. CR rates of 65% and 45% would indicate the potential usefulness and the lower limit of interest, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-one patients, including 37 esophageal cancer patients were enrolled, of whom 41 (80%) completed the treatment protocol as planned. The complete response rate for the overall period was 43% (95% confidence interval: 29-58); the primary endpoint was not met. Vomiting was frequently observed, with the overall rate of 51%. Most events occurred during 24-72 h after chemotherapy. Somnolence was observed in 73% of the patients, but it was well tolerated in most cases. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone did not prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin as expected. The safety of this antiemetic therapy was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Maeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ura
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chisa Asano
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ikue Haegawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoo Nomura
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Azusa Komori
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiya Narita
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroya Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kadowaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Horio
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Kajita
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Mizutani
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Zhang J, Qiao Y, Le J, Sun D, Guan Y, Li Z. Olanzapine May Inhibit Colonic Motility Associated with the 5-HT Receptor and Myosin Light Chain Kinase. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:232-8. [PMID: 27081386 PMCID: PMC4823201 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.2.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether the effects of olanzapine on gastrointestinal motility is related to the serotonin antagonism and myosin light chain kinase. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Olanzapine gavage was performed for each treatment group during the course of 30 continuous days, while the same volume of saline was given to the rats in the control group. Defecation of the rats was observed on days 7 and 30 after olanzapine gavage. The effects of olanzapine on contraction of colonic smooth muscles were observed in ex vivo experiments. A Western blot was used to evaluate expression levels of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and MLCK in colon segments of the rats. RESULTS ResultsaaCompared to the control group, 5-160 µ M of olanzapine could inhibit dose-dependently the contraction of colonic smooth muscle ex vivo experiments. The maximum smooth muscle contraction effects of 5-HT and acetylcholine significantly decreased after treatment with 40-160 µ M of olanzapine. Constipation was found in the olanzapine-treated rats on day 7 and have sustained day 30 after gavage. Expression of MLCK in olanzapine-treated rats was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of SERT significantly increased on the day 7, then significantly decreased on the day 30 after olanzapine gavage. CONCLUSION SERT and MLCK may involve in the inhibition of colonic contraction induced by olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Qiao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Le
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daliang Sun
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Navari RM. The safety of antiemetic medications for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:343-56. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2016.1135899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Navari RM. 5-HT3 receptors as important mediators of nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2738-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Navari RM. Treatment of Breakthrough and Refractory Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:595894. [PMID: 26421294 PMCID: PMC4573228 DOI: 10.1155/2015/595894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with the introduction of new antiemetic agents, 30-50% of patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC or HEC) and guideline directed prophylactic antiemetics develop breakthrough CINV. International guidelines recommend the treatment of breakthrough CINV with an agent from a drug class that was not used in the prophylactic antiemetic regimen and recommend using the breakthrough medication continuously rather than using it on an as needed basis. There have been very few studies on the treatment of breakthrough CINV. A recent double-blind, randomized, phase III study suggested that olanzapine may be an effective agent for the treatment of breakthrough CINV. Refractory CINV occurs when patients develop CINV during subsequent cycles of chemotherapy when antiemetic prophylaxis has not been successful in controlling CINV in earlier cycles. Patients who develop refractory CINV should be considered for a change in their prophylactic antiemetic regimen. If significant anxiety exists, a benzodiazepine may be added to the prophylactic regimen. If a refractory patient is receiving HEC, olanzapine may be added to the prophylactic regimen. If the patient is receiving MEC, olanzapine or an NK-1 receptor antagonist may be added to the prophylactic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph M. Navari
- Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- South Bend Medical Services Corporation, 202 Lincoln Way East, Mishawaka, IN 46544, USA
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Smucny J, Stevens KE, Olincy A, Tregellas JR. Translational utility of rodent hippocampal auditory gating in schizophrenia research: a review and evaluation. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e587. [PMID: 26101850 PMCID: PMC4490287 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired gating of the auditory evoked P50 potential is one of the most pharmacologically well-characterized features of schizophrenia. This deficit is most commonly modeled in rodents by implanted electrode recordings from the hippocampus of the rodent analog of the P50, the P20-N40. The validity and effectiveness of this tool, however, has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we summarize findings from studies that have examined the effects of pharmacologic modulation on gating of the rodent hippocampal P20-N40 and the human P50. We show that drug effects on the P20-N40 are highly predictive of human effects across similar dose ranges. Furthermore, mental status (for example, anesthetized vs alert) does not appear to diminish the predictive capacity of these recordings. We then discuss hypothesized neuropharmacologic mechanisms that may underlie gating effects for each drug studied. Overall, this review supports continued use of hippocampal P20-N40 gating as a translational tool for schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Olincy
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Asaoka N, Nagayasu K, Nishitani N, Yamashiro M, Shirakawa H, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Olanzapine augments the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by suppressing GABAergic inhibition via antagonism of 5-HT₆ receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:261-8. [PMID: 25863120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antipsychotic drugs shows better therapeutic efficacy than SSRI monotherapy in the treatment of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the augmenting effects of olanzapine are not fully understood. Here, we report that olanzapine enhances the SSRI-induced increase in extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels and antidepressant-like effects by inhibiting GABAergic neurons through 5-HT6 receptor antagonism in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In organotypic raphe slice cultures, treatment with olanzapine (1-100 μM) enhanced the increase in extracellular 5-HT levels in the presence of fluoxetine (10 μM) or citalopram (1 μM). The enhancing effect of olanzapine was not further augmented by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that olanzapine (50 μM) decreased the firing frequency of GABAergic neurons in acute DRN slices. Among many serotonergic agents, the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB399885 (1-100 μM) mimicked the effects of olanzapine by enhancing the SSRI-induced increase in extracellular 5-HT levels, which was not further augmented by bicuculline or olanzapine. SB399885 (50 μM) also decreased the firing frequency of GABAergic neurons in the DRN. In addition, an intraperitoneal administration of SB399885 (10 mg/kg) to mice significantly enhanced the antidepressant-like effect of a subeffective dose of citalopram (3 mg/kg) in the tail-suspension test. These results suggest that olanzapine decreases local inhibitory GABAergic tone in the DRN through antagonism of 5-HT6 receptors, thereby increasing the activity of at least part of serotonergic neurons, which may contribute to the augmentation of the efficacy of SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Fonte C, Fatigoni S, Roila F. A review of olanzapine as an antiemetic in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and in palliative care patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:214-21. [PMID: 25779971 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent that blocks multiple neuronal receptors involved in the nausea and vomiting pathways. It has therefore been studied for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis and in patients in palliative care presenting nausea and vomiting refractory to standard antiemetics. Some studies have shown that olanzapine was not inferior to aprepitant in the prophylaxis of highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy and that it increased the rate of complete response when added to a combination of a 5-HT3 antagonist, aprepitant and dexamethasone. These studies present so many shortcomings, however, that they do not permit us to draw any firm conclusions. Oral olanzapine showed superior antiemetic efficacy to metoclopramide as rescue treatment to control breakthrough emesis induced by chemotherapy. However, an oral formulation is not appropriate because in patients with vomiting or severe nausea the mere ingestion of an oral drug could induce emesis. Finally, in palliative care olanzapine could control or reduce the intensity of nausea and vomiting refractory to standard antiemetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fonte
- Medical Oncology, "S. Maria" Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - S Fatigoni
- Medical Oncology, "S. Maria" Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - F Roila
- Medical Oncology, "S. Maria" Hospital, Terni, Italy.
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Shahabadi N, Bagheri S. Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies on the interaction of the drug olanzapine with calf thymus DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt C:1454-1459. [PMID: 25459706 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the binding interaction between olanzapine and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) using emission, absorption, circular dichroism, viscosity measurements and molecular modeling. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH<0 and ΔS<0) indicated that hydrogen bond and van der Waals play main roles in the binding of the drug to ct-DNA. Spectrophotometric studies of the interaction of olanzapine with DNA have shown that it could bind to ct-DNA (Kb=2×10(3)M(-1)). The binding constant is comparable to standard groove binding drugs. Competitive fluorimetric studies with Hoechst 33258 have shown that olanzapine exhibits the ability to displace the DNA-bound Hoechst 33258 indicating that binds strongly in minor groove of DNA helix. Furthermore, the drug induces detectable changes in the CD spectrum of ct-DNA as well as changes in its viscosity. All of the experimental results prove that the groove binding must be predominant. The results obtained from experimental data were in good agreement with molecular modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shahabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Navari RM. Palonosetron for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:2599-608. [PMID: 25323946 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.972366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life. The emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents, repeated chemotherapy cycles, and patient risk factors significantly influence CINV. The introduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists has been a major factor in the improvement of the prevention of chemotherapy-induced acute and delayed emesis. Palonosetron , a second-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a different half-life, a different binding capacity, and a different mechanism of action than the first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists appears to be the most effective agent in this drug class. AREAS COVERED Palonosetron's chemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, clinical efficacy, including comparison with other antiemetics, role in controlling nausea, potential role in multi-day chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, and overall safety are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The clinical data in the literature have established palonosetron as the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist of choice in terms of efficacy and safety for the prevention of CINV for patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Three international guidelines have listed palonosetron as the preferred 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Due to its higher efficacy, the use of palonosetron may be more cost effective compared to the generic first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Clinical organizations' pharmacy and formulary committees should consider efficacy when making recommendations for agents for the prevention of CINV.
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Effects of low-dose olanzapine on duloxetine-related nausea and vomiting for the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2014; 34:495-8. [PMID: 24943388 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of low-dose olanzapine on preventing occurrence and controlling the severity of nausea and vomiting related to duloxetine in treating major depressive disorder. METHODS Two hundred sixty-eight subjects with major depressive disorder were divided into control and trial groups. The control group had 165 subjects and was treated with duloxetine only, whereas the trial group had 103 subjects and received duloxetine combined with low-dose olanzapine. After the treatment for 2 weeks, both groups were evaluated for occurrence and severity of adverse effects on digestive tract using the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale. RESULTS The trial group, scored at 13, showed significantly less occurrence and severity of nausea and vomiting than the control group, scored at 38 (P < 0.05). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting in the trial group is significantly lower compared with that in the control group, and the occurrence decreases as the dose of olanzapine increases (P < 0.05). The antiemetic effect of olanzapine is valid to all subjects who received it. CONCLUSIONS Duloxetine combined with low-dose olanzapine can effectively reduce the occurrence and severity of duloxetine-related nausea and vomiting. With the increase of olanzapine dose, the antiemetic effect becomes stronger. Olanzapine is a safe and efficient drug for the prevention of duloxetine-related nausea and vomiting.
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Huang M, Felix AR, Kwon S, Lowe D, Wallace T, Santarelli L, Meltzer HY. The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist/5-HT3 antagonist RG3487 enhances cortical and hippocampal dopamine and acetylcholine release. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2199-210. [PMID: 24317442 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists may ameliorate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, in part, because of their ability to enhance dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. OBJECTIVES In the current study, the effects of partial nAChR agonist and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist RG3487 (previously R3487/MEM3454) on dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) effluxes in rat prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were investigated in awake, freely moving rats. RESULTS R3487/MEM3454, at doses of 0.1-10 mg/kg, s.c., enhanced DA and ACh effluxes in rat mPFC and (HIP), with a peak effect at 0.3- to 0.6-mg/kg doses, producing a bell-shaped dose-response curve. Pretreatment with the selective nAChR antagonist, methyllycaconitine (1.0 mg/kg), completely blocked RG3487-induced (0.45 mg/kg) DA but not ACh efflux, while the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (1.0 mg/kg) partially inhibited cortical ACh but not DA efflux. RG3487 (0.45 mg/kg) combined with atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) risperidone (0.1 mg/kg), but not typical APD haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), induced a significantly greater increase in HIP ACh efflux. Their combined effect on DA efflux was additive. RG3487, combined with other atypical APDs, namely aripiprazole (0.3 mg/kg), olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg), and quetiapine (30 mg/kg), also produced additive effects on DA efflux. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RG3487 enhances DA efflux by nAChR stimulation, whereas ACh efflux is primarily mediated via 5-HT3 receptor antagonism, and that RG3487 alone or as augmentation may improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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Suzuki M, Komuro K, Ohara K. Olanzapine and Betamethasone Are Effective for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting due to Metastatic Brain Tumors of Rectal Cancer. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2014; 8:13-7. [PMID: 24574944 PMCID: PMC3934696 DOI: 10.1159/000358044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain lesions originating from metastasis of colorectal cancer represent 3–5% of all brain metastases and are relatively rare. Of all distant metastases of colorectal cancer, those to the liver are detected in 22–29% of cases, while those to the lungs are detected in 8–18% of cases. In contrast, brain metastasis is quite rare, with a reported incidence ranging from 0.4 to 1.8%. Treatments for metastatic brain tumors include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and supportive care with steroids, etc. Untreated patients exhibit a median survival of only approximately 1 month. The choice of treatment for brain metastasis depends on the number of lesions, the patient's general condition, nerve findings and presence of other metastatic lesions. We herein report the case of a 78-year-old male who presented with brain metastases originating from rectal carcinoma. He suffered from nausea, vomiting, anorexia and vertigo during body movement. He received antiemetics, glycerol and whole brain radiation therapy; however, these treatments proved ineffective. Olanzapine therapy was started at a dose of 1.25 mg every night. The persistent nausea disappeared the next day, and the frequency of vomiting subsequently decreased. The patient was able to consume solid food. Olanzapine is an antipsychotic that has recently been used as palliative therapy for refractory nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy. We consider that olanzapine was helpful as a means of supportive care for the treatment of nausea and vomiting due to brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Department of Palliative Care, National Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - K Komuro
- Department of Palliative Care, National Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - K Ohara
- Department of Palliative Care, National Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
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Vig S, Seibert L, Green MR. Olanzapine is effective for refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting irrespective of chemotherapy emetogenicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 140:77-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sindelar DK, Carson MW, Morin M, Shaw J, Barr RJ, Need A, Alexander-Chacko J, Coghlan M, Gehlert DR. LLY-2707, a novel nonsteroidal glucocorticoid antagonist that reduces atypical antipsychotic-associated weight gain in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:192-201. [PMID: 24163440 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.205864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight gain and diabetes have been reported during treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs). Patients treated with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (GRA) and the progesterone receptor antagonist (PRA) mifepristone [estra-4,9-dien-3-one, 11-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)-(11β,17β)-(9CI)] experienced significant reduction in the weight gain observed when patients were treated with olanzapine or risperidone. To understand the pharmacology responsible for this finding, we discovered LLY-2707 [N-(5-(tert-butyl)-3-(2-fluoro-5-methylpyridin-4-yl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)methanesulfonamide], a novel and selective GRA, and evaluated its utility in preclinical models of AAPD-associated weight gain and diabetes. In vitro, LLY-2707 was a highly selective and potent GRA. GR occupancy in vivo was assessed using ex vivo binding where LLY-2707 inhibited [(3)H]dexamethasone binding to the liver. Modest but statistically significant decreases in brain ex vivo binding were observed with high doses of CORT-108297 [(R)-4α-(ethoxymethyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinoline] and LLY-2707, but mifepristone inhibited at all doses. Central activity of the GRAs was confirmed by their ability to suppress amphetamine-induced increases in locomotor activity. The increases in the body weight of female rats treated with olanzapine (2 mg/kg PO) over 14 days were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by coadministration of LLY-2707. Similar decreases, although less robust, in body weight were seen with mifepristone and CORT-108297. In addition, sGRAs prevented the glucose excursion after intragastric olanzapine infusions consistent with a direct effect on the hyperglycemia observed during treatment with AAPDs. At doses effectively preventing weight gain, LLY-2707 did not substantially interfere with the dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by olanzapine. Therefore, GRA coadministration may provide a novel treatment modality to prevent the weight gain and diabetes observed during treatment with AAPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Sindelar
- Neuroscience and Endocrine Divisions, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Navari RM. Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of chronic nausea and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 722:180-6. [PMID: 24157985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent of the thiobenzodiazepine class. It blocks multiple neurotransmitter receptors including dopaminergic at D1, D2, D3, D4 brain receptors, serotonergic at 5-HT2a, 5-HT2c, 5-HT3, 5-HT6 receptors, catecholamines at alpha1 adrenergic receptors, acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, and histamine at H1 receptors. Olanzapine has five times the affinity for 5-HT2 receptors than D2 receptors and has been used to treat schizophrenia and delirium. Olanzapine's activity at multiple receptors, particularly at the D2, 5-HT2c, and 5-HT3 receptors which appear to be involved in nausea and emesis, has prompted its use in the treatment of nausea and vomiting refractory to standard antiemetics. Case reports and formal clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of chronic nausea, the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis, and the treatment of breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis. Phase II and phase III clinical trials have demonstrated that there is a significant improvement in nausea when olanzapine is added to guideline directed prophylactic antiemetic agents 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists in patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy Common side effects of olanzapine when used over a period of months include weight gain as well as an association with the onset of diabetes mellitus, but these effects have not been seen with short term use of daily doses of less than one week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph M Navari
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, Harper Cancer Research Institute, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
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Management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting : focus on newer agents and new uses for older agents. Drugs 2013; 73:249-62. [PMID: 23404093 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-013-0019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life. The emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents, repeated chemotherapy cycles, and patient risk factors significantly influence CINV. The use of a combination of a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, dexamethasone and a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist has significantly improved the control of acute and delayed emesis in single-day chemotherapy. Palonosetron, a second-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a different half-life, a different binding capacity and a different mechanism of action than the first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists appears to be the most effective agent in its class. Aprepitant, the first and only agent clinically available in the NK1 receptor antagonist drug class has been used effectively as an additive agent to the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone to control CINV. Rolapitant and netupitant are other NK1 receptor antagonists that are currently in phase III clinical trials. Despite the control of emesis, nausea has not been well controlled by current agents. Olanzapine, a US-FDA approved antipsychotic, has emerged in recent trials as an effective preventative agent for CINV, as well as a very effective agent for the treatment of breakthrough emesis and nausea. Clinical trials using gabapentin, cannabinoids and ginger have not been definitive regarding their efficacy in the prevention of CINV. Additional studies are necessary for the control of nausea and for the control of CINV in the clinical settings of multiple-day chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
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Ishiguro H, Kawaguchi K, Nishimura T, Toi M. Antipsychotics-containing regimen as an alternative to standard antiemetics for delayed nausea induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:1377-8. [PMID: 23423751 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.47.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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The use of olanzapine versus metoclopramide for the treatment of breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2013; 21:1655-63. [PMID: 23314603 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-012-1710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Olanzapine has been shown to be a safe and effective agent for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Olanzapine may also be an effective rescue medication for patients who develop breakthrough CINV despite having received guideline-directed CINV prophylaxis. METHODS A double-blind, randomized phase III trial was performed for the treatment of breakthrough CINV in chemotherapy-naive patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (cisplatin, ≥ 70 mg/m2 or doxorubicin, ≥ 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide, ≥ 600 mg/m2), comparing olanzapine to metoclopramide. Patients who developed breakthrough emesis or nausea despite prophylactic dexamethasone (12 mg IV), palonosetron (0.25 mg IV), and fosaprepitant (150 mg IV) pre-chemotherapy and dexamethasone (8 mg p.o. daily, days 2-4) post-chemotherapy were randomized to receive olanzapine, 10 mg orally daily for 3 days or metoclopramide, 10 mg orally TID for 3 days. Patients were monitored for emesis and nausea for 72 h after taking olanzapine or metoclopramide. Two hundred seventy-six patients (median age 62 years, range 38-79; 43% women; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS 0,1) consented to the protocol. One hundred twelve patients developed breakthrough CINV and 108 were evaluable. RESULTS During the 72-h observation period, 39 out of 56 (70%) patients receiving olanzapine had no emesis compared to 16 out of 52 (31%) patients with no emesis for patients receiving metoclopramide (p < 0.01). Patients without nausea (0, scale 0-10, M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory) during the 72-h observation period were those who took olanzapine, 68% (38 of 56), and metoclopramide, 23% (12 of 52) (p < 0.01). There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine was significantly better than metoclopramide in the control of breakthrough emesis and nausea in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
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Marazziti D, Baroni S, Pirone A, Giannaccini G, Betti L, Testa G, Schmid L, Palego L, Borsini F, Bordi F, Piano I, Gargini C, Castagna M, Catena-Dell'osso M, Lucacchini A. Serotonin receptor of type 6 (5-HT6) in human prefrontal cortex and hippocampus post-mortem: an immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence study. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:182-8. [PMID: 23219521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the paucity of data on the distribution of serotonin (5-HT) receptors of type 6 (5-HT(6)) in the human brain, the aim of this study was to investigate their distribution in postmortem human prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus by either immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence techniques. The brain samples were obtained from 6 subjects who had died for causes not involving primarily or secondarily the CNS. The 5-HT(6) receptor distribution was explored by the [(125)I]SB-258585 binding to brain membranes followed by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence evaluations. A specific [(125)I]SB-258585 binding was detected in all the regions under investigation, whilst the content in the hippocampus and cortex being about 10-30 times lower than in the striatum. Immunohistochemistry and double-label immunofluorescence microscopy experiments, carried out in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus only, since data in the striatum were already published, showed the presence of 5-HT(6) receptors in both pyramidal and glial cells of prefrontal cortex, while positive cells were mainly pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. The heterogeneous distribution of 5-HT(6) receptors provides a preliminary explanation of how they might regulate different functions in different brain areas, such as, perhaps, brain trophism in the cortex and neuronal firing in the hippocampus. This study, taking into account all the limitations due to the postmortem model used, represents the starting point to explore the 5-HT(6) receptor functionality and its sub-cellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Receptor targets for antidepressant therapy in bipolar disorder: an overview. J Affect Disord 2012; 138:222-38. [PMID: 21601292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of bipolar depression is one of the most challenging issues in contemporary psychiatry. Currently only quetiapine and the olanzapine-fluoxetine combination are officially approved by the FDA against this condition. The neurobiology of bipolar depression and the possible targets of bipolar antidepressant therapy remain relatively elusive. We performed a complete and systematic review to identify agents with definite positive or negative results concerning efficacy followed by a second systematic review to identify the pharmacodynamic properties of these agents. The comparison of properties suggests that the stronger predictors for antidepressant efficacy in bipolar depression were norepinephrine alpha-1, dopamine D1 and histamine antagonism, followed by 5-HT2A, muscarinic and dopamine D2 and D3 antagonism and eventually by norepinephrine reuptake inhibition and 5HT-1A agonism. Serotonin reuptake which constitutes the cornerstone in unipolar depression treatment does not seem to play a significant role for bipolar depression. Our exhaustive review is compatible with a complex model with multiple levels of interaction between the major neurotransmitter systems without a single target being either necessary or sufficient to elicit the antidepressant effect in bipolar depression.
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Gündüz E, Gülbaş Z. Supportive care in hemato-oncology: a review in light of the latest guidelines. Turk J Haematol 2012; 29:1-9. [PMID: 24744617 PMCID: PMC3986760 DOI: 10.5505/tjh.2012.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in cancer therapy have resulted in increases in treatment success rates and survival. One of thebasic goals of such therapy is improving patient quality of life. Chemotherapy protocols for solid or hematologicalmalignancies-most of which include multiple agents-negatively impact patient quality of life. Additionally, there havebeen developments in supportive care, which seeks to ameliorate or minimize the negative effects of chemotherapy.Herein we present a review and brief summarization of some of the agents used for supportive care in cancer patientsin light of the latest guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Gündüz
- Eskişehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gülbaş
- Anadolu Health Center, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Distribution of Serotonin Receptor of Type 6 (5-HT6) in Human Brain Post-mortem. A Pharmacology, Autoradiography and Immunohistochemistry Study. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:920-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kishi T, Fukuo Y, Okochi T, Kawashima K, Kitajima T, Inada T, Ozaki N, Musso GM, Kane JM, Correll CU, Iwata N. Serotonin 6 receptor gene and schizophrenia: case-control study and meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol 2012; 27:63-9. [PMID: 22745941 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several lines of evidence suggest that genetic alterations in serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptors might be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We sought to assess the relationship between genotype alterations in 5-HT6 receptors and schizophrenia both in a case-control study and a meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted an association study of the 5-HT6 receptor gene (HTR6) in Japanese patients with schizophrenia (n = 836) and controls (n = 857). Five tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs1805054 (C267T) in HTR6, were selected. In addition, we carried out a meta-analysis between rs1805054, which has been examined in other studies, and schizophrenia, searching PubMed through August 2011. RESULTS There were no significant associations between the tagging SNPs in HTR6 and schizophrenia in any of the genotype models in both the simple and the multiple logistic regression analyses correcting for potential confounds. Similarly, no significant association was found in the all-marker haplotype multiple logistic regression analysis (p = 0.491). Moreover, in the meta-analysis of rs1805054, drawing data from five studies, including our own (schizophrenia patients = 1366, controls = 1376), rs1805054 was also not associated with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that tagging SNPs in HTR6 may not play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kishi
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA.
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Navari RM, Gray SE, Kerr AC. Olanzapine versus aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized phase III trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:188-95. [PMID: 22024310 DOI: 10.1016/j.suponc.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of olanzapine (OLN) and aprepitant (APR) for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. METHODS A phase III trial was performed in chemotherapy-naive patients receiving cisplatin ≥ 70 mg/m(2) or cyclophosphamide ≥ 500 mg/m(2) and doxorubicin ≥ 50 mg/m(2), comparing OLN to APR in combination with palonosetron (PAL) and dexamethasone (DEX). The OLN, PAL, DEX (OPD) regimen was 10 mg of oral OLN, 0.25 mg of IV PAL, and 20 mg of IV DEX prechemotherapy, day 1, and 10 mg/day of oral OLN alone on days 2-4 postchemotherapy. The APR, PAL, DEX (APD) regimen was 125 mg of oral APR, 0.25 mg of IV PAL, and 12 mg of IV DEX, day 1, and 80 mg of oral APR, days 2 and 3, and 4 mg of DEX BID, days 2-4. Two hundred fifty-one patients consented to the protocol and were randomized. Two hundred forty-one patients were evaluable. RESULTS Complete response (CR) (no emesis, no rescue) was 97% for the acute period (24 hours postchemotherapy), 77% for the delayed period (days 2-5 postchemotherapy), and 77% for the overall period (0-120 hours) for 121 patients receiving the OPD regimen. CR was 87% for the acute period, 73% for the delayed period, and 73% for the overall period in 120 patients receiving the APD regimen. Patients without nausea (0, scale 0-10, MD Anderson Symptom Inventory) were OPD: 87% acute, 69% delayed, and 69% overall; APD: 87% acute, 38% delayed, and 38% overall. There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities. CR and control of nausea in subsequent chemotherapy cycles were equal to or greater than cycle 1 for both regimens. OPD was comparable to APD in the control of CINV. Nausea was better controlled with OPD. DISCUSSION In this study, OLN combined with a single dose of DEX and a single dose of PAL was very effective at controlling acute and delayed CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. CR rates were not significantly different from a similar group of patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy and an antiemetic regimen consisting of APR, PAL, and DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph M Navari
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA.
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Huot P, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. The serotonergic system in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:163-212. [PMID: 21878363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attributed to a decline in dopamine levels in the striatum, a breadth of non-motor features and treatment-related complications in which the serotonergic system plays a pivotal role are increasingly recognised. Serotonin (5-HT)-mediated neurotransmission is altered in PD and the roles of the different 5-HT receptor subtypes in disease manifestations have been investigated. The aims of this article are to summarise and discuss all published preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the serotonergic system in PD and related animal models, in order to recapitulate the state of the current knowledge and to identify areas that need further research and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Toronto Western Research Institute, MCL 11-419, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
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Serotonin 6 receptor gene is associated with methamphetamine-induced psychosis in a Japanese population. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 113:1-7. [PMID: 20705401 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered serotonergic neural transmission is hypothesized to be a susceptibility factor for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptor is therapeutically targeted by several second generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine and olanzapine, and d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in rats is corrected with the use of a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist. In addition, the disrupted prepulse inhibition induced by d-amphetamine or phencyclidine was restored by 5-HT6 receptor antagonist in an animal study using rats. These animal models were considered to reflect the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and the above evidence suggests that altered 5-HT6 receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. The symptoms of methamphetamine (METH)-induced psychosis are similar to those of paranoid type schizophrenia. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of the association of the 5-HT6 gene (HTR6) with METH-induced psychosis. METHOD Using five tagging SNPs (rs6693503, rs1805054, rs4912138, rs3790757 and rs9659997), we conducted a genetic association analysis of case-control samples (197 METH-induced psychosis patients and 337 controls) in the Japanese population. The age and sex of the control subjects did not differ from those of the methamphetamine dependence patients. RESULTS rs6693503 was associated with METH-induced psychosis patients in the allele/genotype-wise analysis. Moreover, this association remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In the haplotype-wise analysis, we detected an association between two markers (rs6693503 and rs1805054) and three markers (rs6693503, rs1805054 and rs4912138) in HTR6 and METH-induced psychosis patients, respectively. CONCLUSION HTR6 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of METH-induced psychosis in the Japanese population.
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Arnt J, Olsen CK. 5-HT6 Receptor Ligands and their Antipsychotic Potential. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 96:141-61. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385902-0.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Evers S, Calcagnoli F, van Dijk G, Scheurink A. Olanzapine causes hypothermia, inactivity, a deranged feeding pattern and weight gain in female Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 97:163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Steinkopf S, Simeunović A, Bustad HJ, Ngo TH, Sveaass H, Gjerde AU, Holmsen H. pH-dependent interaction of psychotropic drug with glycerophospholipid monolayers studied by the Langmuir technique. Biophys Chem 2010; 152:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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