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Zhu X, Zou A, Liao R, Zhang J, Liu C, Wang C, Hao C, Cheng D, Chen L, Sun X. Dual actions of chloroinconazide on pepper blight in Capsicum annuum: disruption of Phytophthora capsici mycelium and activation of CaCNGC9-mediated SA signaling. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39166737 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pepper blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a devastating disease that seriously threatens pepper production worldwide. With the emergence of resistance in P. capsici against conventional fungicides, there is an urgent need to explore novel alternatives for pepper blight management. This study aims to assess the inhibitory effect of chloroinconazide (CHI), a compound synthesized from tryptophan, against pepper blight, and to explore its potential mechanisms of action. RESULTS The results demonstrated that CHI effectively targeted P. capsici, disrupting its growth and mycelial structure, which resulted in the release of dissolved intracellular substances. Additionally, CHI significantly inhibited the sporangium formation, zoospores release, and zoospores germination, thereby reducing the re-infection of P. capsici. In contrast, the commercial pesticide methylaxyl only inhibited mycelial growth and had limited effect on re-infection, while azoxystrobin inhibited re-infection but had a weak inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. Furthermore, CHI activated the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway-mediated immune response to inhibit P. capsici infection in pepper, with this activation being contingent upon cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel CaCNGC9. CONCLUSION CHI exhibited potent dual inhibitory effects on P. capsici by disrupting mycelial structure and activating the CaCNGC9-mediated SA signaling pathway. These dual mechanisms of action suggested that CHI could serve as a promising alternative chemical fungicide for the effective management of pepper blight, offering a new approach to control this devastating disease. Our findings highlighted the potential of CHI as a sustainable and efficient solution to combat the increasing resistance of P. capsici to conventional fungicides, ensuring better crop protection and yield. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aihong Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Changyun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanxiang Wang
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Daoquan Cheng
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Lunfei Chen
- Chongqing Company of China Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Chen C, Wu Q, Yue J, Wang X, Wang C, Wei R, Li R, Jin G, Chen T, Chen P. A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel gene HcCNGC21 positively regulates salt and drought stress responses in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 345:112111. [PMID: 38734143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels (CNGCs) serve as Ca2+ permeable cation transport pathways, which are involved in the regulation of various biological functions such as plant cell ion selective permeability, growth and development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. At the present study, a total of 31 CNGC genes were identified and bioinformatically analyzed in kenaf. Among these genes, HcCNGC21 characterized to localize at the plasma membrane, with the highest expression levels in leaves, followed by roots. In addition, HcCNGC21 could be significantly induced under salt or drought stress. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of HcCNGC21 in kenaf caused notable growth inhibition under salt or drought stress, characterized by reductions in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, root surface area, and root tip number. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased, accompanied by reduced levels of osmoregulatory substances and total chlorophyll content. However, ROS accumulation and Na+ content increased. The expression of stress-responsive genes, such as HcSOD, HcPOD, HcCAT, HcERF3, HcNAC29, HcP5CS, HcLTP, and HcNCED, was significantly downregulated in these silenced lines. However, under salt or drought stress, the physiological performance and expression of stress-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing HcCNGC21 were diametrically opposite to those of TRV2-HcCNGC21 kenaf line. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays revealed that HcCNGC21 interacts with HcAnnexin D1. These findings collectively underscore the positive role of HcCNGC21 in plant resistance to salt and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canni Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiao Yue
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Caijin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rujian Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China.
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Blatt MR. A charged existence: A century of transmembrane ion transport in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:79-110. [PMID: 38163639 PMCID: PMC11060664 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
If the past century marked the birth of membrane transport as a focus for research in plants, the past 50 years has seen the field mature from arcane interest to a central pillar of plant physiology. Ion transport across plant membranes accounts for roughly 30% of the metabolic energy consumed by a plant cell, and it underpins virtually every aspect of plant biology, from mineral nutrition, cell expansion, and development to auxin polarity, fertilization, plant pathogen defense, and senescence. The means to quantify ion flux through individual transporters, even single channel proteins, became widely available as voltage clamp methods expanded from giant algal cells to the fungus Neurospora crassa in the 1970s and the cells of angiosperms in the 1980s. Here, I touch briefly on some key aspects of the development of modern electrophysiology with a focus on the guard cells of stomata, now without dispute the premier plant cell model for ion transport and its regulation. Guard cells have proven to be a crucible for many technical and conceptual developments that have since emerged into the mainstream of plant science. Their study continues to provide fundamental insights and carries much importance for the global challenges that face us today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Jiang Z, Du L, Shen L, He J, Xia X, Zhang L, Yang X. Genome-Wide Exploration and Expression Analysis of the CNGC Gene Family in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) under Cold Stress, with Functional Characterization of SmCNGC1a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13049. [PMID: 37685854 PMCID: PMC10487859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important economic crop, and to date, there has been no genome-wide identification and analysis of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) gene family in eggplant. In this study, we identified the CNGC gene family in eggplant, and the results showed that 29 SmCNGC genes were classified into five groups, unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes of eggplant. The gene structure and motif analysis indicated that the SmCNGC family proteins may exhibit apparent preferences during evolution. Furthermore, our study revealed the presence of numerous light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of SmCNGC genes, suggesting their significant role in environmental adaptability regulation. Finally, we analyzed the expression patterns of all SmCNGC genes under cold stress and found that SmCNGC1a was significantly upregulated under cold stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that this gene is located on the plasma membrane. Subsequently, its importance in the low-temperature response of eggplant was validated through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and its protein interactome was predicted. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulatory mechanisms of the CNGC gene family in eggplant, laying an important foundation for further research on cold adaptation in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Identification of CNGCs in Glycine max and Screening of Related Resistance Genes after Fusarium solani Infection. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030439. [PMID: 36979131 PMCID: PMC10045575 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), non-selective cation channels localised on the plasmalemma, are involved in growth, development, and regulatory mechanisms in plants during adverse stress. To date, CNGC gene families in multiple crops have been identified and analysed. However, there have been no systematic studies on the evolution and development of CNGC gene families in legumes. Therefore, in the present study, via transcriptome analysis, we identified 143 CNGC genes in legumes, and thereafter, classified and named them according to the grouping method used for Arabidopsis thaliana. Functional verification for disease stress showed that four GmCNGCs were specifically expressed in the plasmalemma during the stress process. Further, functional enrichment analysis showed that their mode of participation and coordination included inorganic ion concentration regulation inside and outside the membrane via the transmembrane ion channel and participation in stress regulation via signal transduction. The CNGC family genes in G. max involved in disease stress were also identified and physiological stress response and omics analyses were also performed. Our preliminary results revealed the basic laws governing the involvement of CNGCs in disease resistance in G. max, providing important gene resources and a theoretical reference for the breeding of resistant soybean.
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Zia K, Rao MJ, Sadaqat M, Azeem F, Fatima K, Tahir ul Qamar M, Alshammari A, Alharbi M. Pangenome-wide analysis of cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) gene family in citrus Spp. Revealed their intraspecies diversity and potential roles in abiotic stress tolerance. Front Genet 2022; 13:1034921. [PMID: 36303546 PMCID: PMC9593079 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1034921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC) gene family has been found to be involved in physiological processes including signaling pathways, environmental stresses, plant growth, and development. This gene family of non-selective cation channels is known to regulate the uptake of calcium and is reported in several plant species. The pangenome-wide studies enable researchers to understand the genetic diversity comprehensively; as a comparative analysis of multiple plant species or member of a species at once helps to better understand the evolutionary relationships and diversity present among them. In the current study, pangenome-wide analysis of the CNGC gene family has been performed on five Citrus species. As a result, a total of 32 genes in Citrus sinensis, 27 genes in Citrus recticulata, 30 genes in Citrus grandis, 31 genes in Atalantia buxfolia, and 30 genes in Poncirus trifoliata were identified. In addition, two unique genes CNGC13 and CNGC14 were identified, which may have potential roles. All the identified CNGC genes were unevenly distributed on 9 chromosomes except P. trifoliata had genes distributed on 7 chromosomes and were classified into four major groups and two sub-groups namely I, II, III, IV-A, and IV-B. Cyclic nucleotide binding (CNB) motif, calmodulin-binding motif (CaMB), and motif for IQ-domain were conserved in Citrus Spp. Intron exon structures of citrus species were not exactly as same as the gene structures of Arabidopsis. The majority of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) were light responsive and others include growth, development, and stress-related indicating potential roles of the CNGC gene family in these functions. Both segmental and tandem duplication were involved in the expansion of the CNGC gene family in Citrus Spp. The miRNAs are involved in the response of CsCNGC genes towards drought stress along with having regulatory association in the expression of these genes. Protein- Protein interaction (PPI) analysis also showed the interaction of CNGC proteins with other CNGCs which suggested their potential role in pathways regulating different biological processes. GO enrichment revealed that CNGC genes were involved in the transport of ions across membranes. Furthermore, tissue-specific expression patterns of leaves sample of C. sinensis were studied under drought stress. Out of 32 genes of C. sinensis 3 genes i.e., CsCNGC1.4, CsCNGC2.1, and CsCNGC4.2 were highly up-regulated, and only CsCNGC4.6 was highly down-regulated. The qRT-PCR analysis also showed that CNGC genes were highly expressed after treatment with drought stress, while gene expression was lower under controlled conditions. This work includes findings based on multiple genomes instead of one, therefore, this will provide more genomic information rather than single genome-based studies. These findings will serve as a basis for further functional insights into the CNGC gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Zia
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Sadaqat
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Fatima
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside (UCR), Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar,
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Köster P, DeFalco TA, Zipfel C. Ca 2+ signals in plant immunity. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110741. [PMID: 35560235 PMCID: PMC9194748 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of ion channels, exchangers, and pumps in response to diverse stimuli; these signals are then decoded through the activity of Ca2+ -binding sensor proteins. In plants, Ca2+ signaling is central to both pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, with the generation of characteristic cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations in response to potential pathogens being common to both. However, despite their importance, and a long history of scientific interest, the transport proteins that shape Ca2+ signals and their integration remain poorly characterized. Here, we discuss recent work that has both shed light on and deepened the mysteries of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Köster
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Raddatz N, Morales de los Ríos L, Lindahl M, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32211003 PMCID: PMC7067972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potential, pH homeostasis and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrate (NO3 -) is often the primary nitrogen source, but it also serves as a signaling molecule to the plant. Nitrate regulates root architecture, stimulates shoot growth, delays flowering, regulates abscisic acid-independent stomata opening, and relieves seed dormancy. Plants can sense K+/NO3 - levels in soils and adjust accordingly the uptake and root-to-shoot transport to balance the distribution of these ions between organs. On the other hand, in small amounts sodium (Na+) is categorized as a "beneficial element" for plants, mainly as a "cheap" osmolyte. However, at high concentrations in the soil, Na+ can inhibit various physiological processes impairing plant growth. Hence, plants have developed specific mechanisms to transport, sense, and respond to a variety of Na+ conditions. Sodium is taken up by many K+ transporters, and a large proportion of Na+ ions accumulated in shoots appear to be loaded into the xylem by systems that show nitrate dependence. Thus, an adequate supply of mineral nutrients is paramount to reduce the noxious effects of salts and to sustain crop productivity under salt stress. In this review, we will focus on recent research unraveling the mechanisms that coordinate the K+-NO3 -; Na+-NO3 -, and K+-Na+ transports, and the regulators controlling their uptake and allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Niu WT, Han XW, Wei SS, Shang ZL, Wang J, Yang DW, Fan X, Gao F, Zheng SZ, Bai JT, Zhang B, Wang ZX, Li B. Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 6 is negatively modulated by multiple calmodulin isoforms during heat shock. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:90-104. [PMID: 31587070 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An increased concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ is an early response of plant cells to heat shock. Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) mediates heat-induced Ca2+ influx and is activated by cAMP. However, it remains unclear how the Ca2+ conductivity of CNGC6 is negatively regulated under the elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. In this study, Arabidopsis calmodulin isoforms CaM1/4, CaM2/3/5, CaM6, and CaM7 were found to bind to CNGC6 to varying degrees, and this binding was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and IQ6, an atypical isoleucine-glutamine motif in CNGC6. Knockout of CaM2, CaM3, CaM5, and CaM7 genes led to a marked increase in plasma membrane inward Ca2+ current under heat shock conditions; however, knockout of CaM1, CaM4, and CaM6 genes had no significant effect on plasma membrane Ca2+ current. Moreover, the deletion of IQ6 from CNGC6 led to a marked increase in plasma membrane Ca2+ current under heat shock conditions. Taken together, the data suggest that CNGC6-mediated Ca2+ influx is likely to be negatively regulated by CaM2/3/5 and CaM7 isoforms under heat shock conditions, and that IQ6 plays an important role in CaM binding and the feedback regulation of the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Niu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Shang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - De-Wei Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Zheng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jiao-Teng Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Duszyn M, Świeżawska B, Szmidt-Jaworska A, Jaworski K. Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) in plant signalling-Current knowledge and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 241:153035. [PMID: 31491601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that responds and adapts to various internal and external factors. Generally, a signal is mediated by various signaling molecules and is transferred to a cascade of effector proteins. To date, there is significant evidence that cyclic nucleotides (cNMPs), e.g., adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), may represent important elements of many signaling pathways in plants. However, in contrast to the impressive progress made in understanding cyclic nucleotide signaling in mammalian hosts, only few studies have investigated this topic in plants. Existing evidence indicates that cNMPs participate in growth and developmental processes, as well as the response to various stresses. Once synthesized by adenylyl or guanylyl cyclases, these signals are transduced by acting through a number of cellular effectors. The regulatory effects of cNMPs in eukaryotes can be mediated via various downstream effector proteins, such as protein kinases, Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC), and Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated ion Channels (CNGC). These proteins sense changes in intracellular cNMP levels and regulate numerous cellular responses. Moreover, the amplitude of cNMP levels and the duration of its signal in the cell is also governed by phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown of cNMPs. Data collected in recent years strongly suggest that cyclic nucleotide gated channels are the main cNMP effectors in plant cells. These channels are important cellular switches that transduce changes in intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides into changes in membrane potential and ion concentrations. Structurally, these channels belong to the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular properties of CNGC structure, regulation and ion selectivity, and subcellular localization, as well as describing the signal transduction pathways in which these channels are involved. We will also summarize recent insights into the role of CNGC proteins in plant growth, development and response to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Duszyn
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Brygida Świeżawska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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11
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Li Q, Yang S, Ren J, Ye X, jiang X, Liu Z. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel gene family in Chinese cabbage. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:114. [PMID: 30863698 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are a class of nonselective cationic channels that are widely found in animals and plants. Plant CNGCs participate in numerous biological functions that vary from development to stress tolerance. Most CNGC genes have been identified in plant genomes, but no such comprehensive study has yet been conducted on Chinese cabbage. In this study, thirty BrCNGC genes were identified, divided into five groups, and used for evolutionary analysis. We assigned names of all individual CNGC members on the basis of phylogenetic relationship with A. thaliana CNGCs. All BrCNGC genes were randomly distributed on chromosomes, and the A08 chromosome did not carry any CNGC gene. The CNGC genes of Chinese cabbage and A. thaliana from the same group displayed similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Especially the closer the homology, the higher the similarity. Quantitative expression analysis showed that most of the CNGC genes were expressed under four stresses, indicating that they play a key role in the stress response of Chinese cabbage. Expression patterns of 12 BrCNGC in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and siliques showed that BrCNGC8 and BrCNGC16 were specifically expressed only in flowers but not in other parts. This study lays a theoretical foundation for future research on the function of the CNGC gene family in Chinese cabbage.
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12
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Moon JY, Belloeil C, Ianna ML, Shin R. Arabidopsis CNGC Family Members Contribute to Heavy Metal Ion Uptake in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E413. [PMID: 30669376 PMCID: PMC6358908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal ions, including toxic concentrations of essential ions, negatively affect diverse metabolic and cellular processes. Heavy metal ions are known to enter cells in a non-selective manner; however, few studies have examined the regulation of heavy metal ion transport. Plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), a type of Ca2+-permeable-channel, have been suggested to be involved in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations. To determine the candidates responsible for heavy metal ion transport, a series of Arabidopsis CNGC mutants were examined for their response to Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. The primary focus was on root growth and the analysis of the concentration of heavy metals in plants. Results, based on the analysis of primary root length, indicated that AtCNGC1, AtCNGC10, AtCNGC13 and AtCNGC19 play roles in Pb2+ toxicity, while AtCNGC11, AtCNGC13, AtCNGC16 and AtCNGC20 function in Cd2+ toxicity in Arabidopsis. Ion content analysis verified that the mutations of AtCNGC1 and AtCNGC13 resulted in reduced Pb2+ accumulation, while the mutations of AtCNGC11, AtCNGC15 and AtCNGC19 resulted in less Pb2+ and Cd2+ accumulation in plants. These findings provide functional evidence which support the roles of these AtCNGCs in the uptake and transport of Pb2+ or Cd2+ ion in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Moon
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Célestine Belloeil
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
- Université Paris Diderot, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Madeline Louise Ianna
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
- School of Science and Technology, UNE, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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13
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Shi WG, Liu W, Yu W, Zhang Y, Ding S, Li H, Mrak T, Kraigher H, Luo ZB. Abscisic acid enhances lead translocation from the roots to the leaves and alleviates its toxicity in Populus × canescens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:275-285. [PMID: 30243250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To shed light on physiological mechanisms underlying abscisic-acid (ABA)-mediated lead (Pb) uptake, translocation and detoxification, we exposed Populus × canescens saplings to either 0 or 3 mM Pb2+ in combination with either 0 or 10 μM exogenous ABA. Pb was taken up by the roots and accumulated mainly in the cortex. A fraction of the Pb in the roots was translocated to the leaves, thereby resulting in decreased photosynthesis and biomass. Pb accumulation caused a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with higher concentrations of total thiols, glutathione, and ascorbate in the roots and/or leaves. Exogenous ABA stimulated Pb uptake, decreased Pb deposition in the cortex, and enhanced Pb vascular loading in the roots. Exogenous ABA alleviated the Pb-induced reductions in photosynthesis and root biomass, and decreased Pb-triggered ROS overproduction in the roots and/or leaves. Correspondingly, exogenous ABA stimulated the mRNA levels of a few genes involved in Pb uptake, transport, and detoxification, including NRAMP1.4, ABCG40, FRD3.1, PCS1.1, and ABCC1.1. These results suggest that exogenous ABA enhances Pb uptake and translocation, and alleviates Pb toxicity in poplars through the ABA-induced movement of Pb from the root cortex to the vascular stele, and transcriptionally regulated key genes involved in Pb tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of The State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of The State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of The State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of The State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shen Ding
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Li
- Postgraduate School, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tanja Mrak
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hojka Kraigher
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of The State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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14
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Zhang Z, Hou C, Tian W, Li L, Zhu H. Electrophysiological Studies Revealed CaM1-Mediated Regulation of the Arabidopsis Calcium Channel CNGC12. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1090. [PMID: 31572412 PMCID: PMC6749817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) family consists of 20 members, which have been reported to participate in various physiological processes, such as pathogen defense, development, and thermotolerance. Although CNGC11 and CNGC12 have been identified a decade ago and their role in programmed cell death is well studied, their precise channel regulation has not been studied electrophysiologically. Here, we determined the channel activities of CNGC11 and CNGC12 utilizing the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. Our results suggest that CNGC12 but not CNGC11 functions as an active calcium channel. Furthermore, the cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cNMPs) did not affect the activities of CNGC11 nor CNGC12 in Xenopus oocytes. Interestingly, while the activity of CNGC11 was not affected by co-expression with calmodulin (CaM), the activity of CNGC12 was significantly enhanced when CaM1 was co-expressed in oocytes. This study reveals that the channel activities and the mechanisms of regulation by CaM are different between CNGC11 and CNGC12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Legong Li
- *Correspondence: Legong Li, ; Huifen Zhu,
| | - Huifen Zhu
- *Correspondence: Legong Li, ; Huifen Zhu,
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15
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Ma C, Chen Y, Ding S, Li Z, Shi WG, Zhang Y, Luo ZB. Sulfur nutrition stimulates lead accumulation and alleviates its toxicity in Populus deltoides. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1724-1741. [PMID: 29939370 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) can modulate plant responses to toxic heavy metals, but the underlying physiological and transcriptional regulation mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate the effects of S supply on lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in poplars, Populus deltoides monilifera (Aiton) Eckenw. saplings were exposed to 0 or 50 μM Pb together with one of the three S concentrations (0 (low S), 100 (moderate S) or 1500 (high S) μM Na2SO4). Populus deltoides roots absorbed Pb and it was partially translocated to the aerial organs, thereby decreasing the CO2 assimilation rate and leaf growth. Lead accumulation in poplars caused the overproduction of O2- and H2O2 to induce higher levels of total thiols (T-SH) and glutathione (GSH). Lead uptake by the roots and its accumulation in the aerial organs were repressed by low S application, but stimulated by high S supply. Lead-induced O2- and H2O2 production were exacerbated by S limitation, but alleviated by high S supply. Moreover, the concentrations of S-containing antioxidants including T-SH and GSH were reduced in S-deficient poplars, but increased in high S-treated plants, which corresponded well to the changes in the activities of enzymes involved in S assimilation and GSH biosynthesis. The transcript levels of both genes encoding sulfate transporters, i.e., SULTR1.1 and SULTR2.2, were elevated by low S application or high S supply in the roots, and the transcriptional upregulation of both genes was more pronounced under Pb exposure. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of several genes involved in S assimilation and the biosynthesis of GSH and phytochelatins, i.e., ATPS1, ATPS3, GSHS1, GSHS2 and PCS1, were upregulated in poplar roots with high S supply, particularly under Pb exposure. These results indicate that a high S supply can stimulate Pb accumulation and reduce its toxicity in poplars by improving S assimilation and stimulating the biosynthesis of S-containing compounds including T-SH and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghao Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shen Ding
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziliang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Guang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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16
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Hao L, Qiao X. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the CNGC gene family in maize. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5816. [PMID: 30356996 PMCID: PMC6195792 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the non-selective cation channel gene families, the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) gene family plays a vital role in plant physiological processes that are related to signal pathways, plant development, and environmental stresses. However, genome-wide identification and analysis of the CNGC gene family in maize has not yet been undertaken. In the present study, twelve ZmCNGC genes were identified in the maize genome, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. They were classified into five major groups: Groups I, II, III, IVa, and IVb. Phylogenetic analysis showed that gramineous plant CNGC genes expanded unequally during evolution. Group IV CNGC genes emerged first, whereas Groups I and II appeared later. Prediction analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements showed that 137 putative cis-elements were related to hormone-response, abiotic stress, and organ development. Furthermore, 120 protein pairs were predicted to interact with the 12 ZmCNGC proteins and other maize proteins. The expression profiles of the ZmCNGC genes were expressed in tissue-specific patterns. These results provide important information that will increase our understanding of the CNGC gene family in maize and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Hao
- College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering, Suihua University, Suihua, HeiLongjiang province, China
| | - Xiuli Qiao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Suihua University, Suihua, HeiLongjiang province, China
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17
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Demidchik V, Shabala S, Isayenkov S, Cuin TA, Pottosin I. Calcium transport across plant membranes: mechanisms and functions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:49-69. [PMID: 29916203 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of plant Ca2+ -permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding remarks 64 Acknowledgements 64 References 64 SUMMARY: Calcium is an essential structural, metabolic and signalling element. The physiological functions of Ca2+ are enabled by its orchestrated transport across cell membranes, mediated by Ca2+ -permeable ion channels, Ca2+ -ATPases and Ca2+ /H+ exchangers. Bioinformatics analysis has not determined any Ca2+ -selective filters in plant ion channels, but electrophysiological tests do reveal Ca2+ conductances in plant membranes. The biophysical characteristics of plant Ca2+ conductances have been studied in detail and were recently complemented by molecular genetic approaches. Plant Ca2+ conductances are mediated by several families of ion channels, including cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), ionotropic glutamate receptors, two-pore channel 1 (TPC1), annexins and several types of mechanosensitive channels. Key Ca2+ -mediated reactions (e.g. sensing of temperature, gravity, touch and hormones, and cell elongation and guard cell closure) have now been associated with the activities of specific subunits from these families. Structural studies have demonstrated a unique selectivity filter in TPC1, which is passable for hydrated divalent cations. The hypothesis of a ROS-Ca2+ hub is discussed, linking Ca2+ transport to ROS generation. CNGC inactivation by cytosolic Ca2+ , leading to the termination of Ca2+ signals, is now mechanistically explained. The structure-function relationships of Ca2+ -ATPases and Ca2+ /H+ exchangers, and their regulation and physiological roles are analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Professora Popova Street, St Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Stanislav Isayenkov
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2a Osipovskogo Street, Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Tracey A Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Avenida 25 de julio 965, Colima, 28045, Mexico
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18
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Guo J, Islam MA, Lin H, Ji C, Duan Y, Liu P, Zeng Q, Day B, Kang Z, Guo J. Genome-Wide Identification of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel Gene Family in Wheat and Functional Analyses of TaCNGC14 and TaCNGC16. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:18. [PMID: 29403523 PMCID: PMC5786745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) play multifaceted roles in plants, particularly with respect to signaling processes associated with abiotic stress signaling and during host-pathogen interactions. Despite key roles during plant survival and response to environment, little is known about the activity and function of CNGC family in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a key stable food around the globe. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of CNGC family in wheat and identified a total 47 TaCNGCs in wheat, classifying these genes into four major groups (I-IV) with two sub-groups (IVa and IVb). Sequence analysis revealed the presence of several conserved motifs, including a phosphate binding cassette (PBC) and a "hinge" region, both of which have been hypothesized to be critical for the function of wheat CNGCs. During wheat infection with Pst, the transcript levels of TaCNGC14 and TaCNGC16, both members of group IVb, showed significant induction during a compatible interaction, while a reduction in gene expression was observed in incompatible interactions. In addition, TaCNGC14 and TaCNGC16 mRNA accumulation was significantly influenced by exogenously applied hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA), suggesting a role in hormone signaling and/or perception. Silencing of TaCNGC14 and TaCNGC16 limited Pst growth and increased wheat resistance against Pst. The results presented herein contribute to our understanding of the wheat CNGC gene family and the mechanism of TaCNGCs signaling during wheat-Pst interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haocheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Changan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yinghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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19
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Dai C, Lee Y, Lee IC, Nam HG, Kwak JM. Calmodulin 1 Regulates Senescence and ABA Response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:803. [PMID: 30013580 PMCID: PMC6036150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular calcium acts as a second messenger and regulates diverse developmental events and stress responses. Cytosolic calcium has long been considered as an important regulator of senescence, however, the role of Ca2+ in plant senescence has remained elusive. Here we show that the Calmodulin 1 (CaM1) gene, which encodes Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin 1, positively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Yellowing of leaves, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of the senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) were significantly enhanced in CaM1 overexpression plants. In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA)-triggered ROS production and stomatal closure were reduced in amiRNA-CaM1 plants. We found a positive-feedback regulation loop among three signaling components, CaM1, RPK1, and RbohF, which physically associate with each other. RPK1 positively regulates the expression of the CaM1 gene, and the CaM1 protein, in turn, up-regulates RbohF gene expression. Interestingly, the expression of CaM1 was down-regulated in rbohD, rbohF, and rbohD/F mutants. We show that CaM1 positively regulates ROS production, leaf senescence, and ABA response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dai
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Dai, June M. Kwak,
| | - Yuree Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In C. Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hong G. Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - June M. Kwak
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Cheng Dai, June M. Kwak,
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20
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Fischer C, DeFalco TA, Karia P, Snedden WA, Moeder W, Yoshioka K, Dietrich P. Calmodulin as a Ca2+-Sensing Subunit of Arabidopsis Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Complexes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1208-1221. [PMID: 28419310 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ serves as a universal second messenger in eukaryotic signaling pathways, and the spatial and temporal patterns of Ca2+ concentration changes are determined by feedback and feed-forward regulation of the involved transport proteins. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are Ca2+-permeable channels that interact with the ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM). CNGCs interact with CaMs via diverse CaM-binding sites, including an IQ-motif, which has been identified in the C-termini of CNGC20 and CNGC12. Here we present a family-wide analysis of the IQ-motif from all 20 Arabidopsis CNGC isoforms. While most of their IQ-peptides interacted with conserved CaMs in yeast, some were unable to do so, despite high sequence conservation across the family. We showed that the CaM binding ability of the IQ-motif is highly dependent on its proximal and distal vicinity. We determined that two alanine residues positioned N-terminal to the core IQ-sequence play a significant role in CaM binding, and identified a polymorphism at this site that promoted or inhibited CaM binding in yeast. Through detailed biophysical analysis of the CNGC2 IQ-motif, we found that this polymorphism specifically affected the Ca2+-independent interactions with the C-lobe of CaM. This same polymorphism partially suppressed the induction of programmed cell death by CNGC11/12 in planta. Our work expands the model of CNGC regulation, and posits that the C-lobe of apo-CaM is permanently associated with the channel at the N-terminal part of the IQ-domain. This mode allows CaM to function as a Ca2+-sensing regulatory subunit of the channel complex, providing a mechanism by which Ca2+ signals may be fine-tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Fischer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Purva Karia
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Wayne A Snedden
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Complex, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Petra Dietrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Shelake RM, Ito Y, Masumoto J, Morita EH, Hayashi H. A novel mechanism of "metal gel-shift" by histidine-rich Ni2+-binding Hpn protein from Helicobacter pylori strain SS1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172182. [PMID: 28207866 PMCID: PMC5312948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a universally used method for determining approximate molecular weight (MW) in protein research. Migration of protein that does not correlate with formula MW, termed "gel shifting" appears to be common for histidine-rich proteins but not yet studied in detail. We investigated "gel shifting" in Ni2+-binding histidine-rich Hpn protein cloned from Helicobacter pylori strain SS1. Our data demonstrate two important factors determining "gel shifting" of Hpn, polyacrylamide-gel concentration and metal binding. Higher polyacrylamide-gel concentrations resulted in faster Hpn migration. Irrespective of polyacrylamide-gel concentration, preserved Hpn-Ni2+ complex migrated faster (3-4 kDa) than apo-Hpn, phenomenon termed "metal gel-shift" demonstrating an intimate link between Ni2+ binding and "gel shifting". To examine this discrepancy, eluted samples from corresponding spots on SDS-gel were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The MW of all samples was the same (6945.66±0.34 Da) and identical to formula MW with or without added mass of Ni2+. MALDI-TOF-MS of Ni2+-treated Hpn revealed that monomer bound up to six Ni2+ ions non-cooperatively, and equilibrium between protein-metal species was reliant on Ni2+ availability. This corroborates with gradually increased heterogeneity of apo-Hpn band followed by compact "metal-gel shift" band on SDS-PAGE. In view of presented data metal-binding and "metal-gel shift" models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Ito
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eugene Hayato Morita
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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Jha SK, Sharma M, Pandey GK. Role of Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channels in Stress Management in Plants. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:315-29. [PMID: 27499681 PMCID: PMC4955031 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160331202125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerance of plants to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses such as pathogen and herbivore attack, drought, salinity, cold and nutritional limitations is ensued by complex multimodule signaling pathways. The outcome of this complex signaling pathways results in adaptive responses by restoring the cellular homeostasis and thus promoting survival. Functions of many plant cation transporter and channel protein families such as glutamate receptor homologs (GLRs), cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC) have been implicated in providing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Ion homeostasis regulated by several transporters and channels is one of the crucial parameters for the optimal growth, development and survival of all living organisms. The CNGC family members are known to be involved in the uptake of cations such as Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) and regulate plant growth and development. Detail functional genomics approaches have given an emerging picture of CNGCs wherein these protein are believed to play crucial role in pathways related to cellular ion homeostasis, development and as a 'guard' in defense against biotic and abiotic challenges. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of role of CNGCs in mediating stress management and how they aid plants in survival under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Jha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
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Ranty B, Aldon D, Cotelle V, Galaud JP, Thuleau P, Mazars C. Calcium Sensors as Key Hubs in Plant Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:327. [PMID: 27014336 PMCID: PMC4792864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ca(2+) ion is recognized as a crucial second messenger in signaling pathways coupling the perception of environmental stimuli to plant adaptive responses. Indeed, one of the earliest events following the perception of environmental changes (temperature, salt stress, drought, pathogen, or herbivore attack) is intracellular variation of free calcium concentrations. These calcium variations differ in their spatio-temporal characteristics (subcellular location, amplitude, kinetics) with the nature and strength of the stimulus and, for this reason, they are considered as signatures encrypting information from the initial stimulus. This information is believed to drive a specific response by decoding via calcium-binding proteins. Based on recent examples, we illustrate how individual calcium sensors from the calcium-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin-like protein families can integrate inputs from various environmental changes. Focusing on members of these two families, shown to be involved in plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stimuli, we discuss their role as key hubs and we put forward hypotheses explaining how they can drive the signaling pathways toward the appropriate plant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSAuzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Saand MA, Xu YP, Li W, Wang JP, Cai XZ. Cyclic nucleotide gated channel gene family in tomato: genome-wide identification and functional analyses in disease resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:303. [PMID: 25999969 PMCID: PMC4419669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGC) is suggested to be one of the important calcium conducting channels. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification and systemic functional analysis of CNGC gene family in crop plant species have not yet been conducted. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification of CNGC gene family in the economically important crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and analyzed function of the group IVb SlCNGC genes in disease resistance. Eighteen CNGC genes were identified in tomato genome, and four CNGC loci that were misannotated at database were corrected by cloning and sequencing. Detailed bioinformatics analyses on gene structure, domain composition and phylogenetic relationship of the SlCNGC gene family were conducted and the group-specific feature was revealed. Comprehensive expression analyses demonstrated that SlCNGC genes were highly, widely but differently responsive to diverse stimuli. Pharmacological assays showed that the putative CNGC activators cGMP and cAMP enhanced resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Silencing of group IVb SlCNGC genes significantly enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum and S. sclerotiorum, strongly reduced resistance to viral pathogen Tobacco rattle virus, while attenuated PAMP- and DAMP-triggered immunity as shown by obvious decrease of the flg22- and AtPep1-elicited hydrogen peroxide accumulation in SlCNGC-silenced plants. Additionally, silencing of these SlCNGC genes significantly altered expression of a set of Ca(2+) signaling genes including SlCaMs, SlCDPKs, and SlCAMTA3. Collectively, our results reveal that group IV SlCNGC genes regulate a wide range of resistance in tomato probably by affecting Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz A. Saand
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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25
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Genomic characterization, phylogenetic comparison and differential expression of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels gene family in pear ( Pyrus bretchneideri Rehd.). Genomics 2015; 105:39-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Nawaz Z, Kakar KU, Saand MA, Shu QY. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel gene family in rice, identification, characterization and experimental analysis of expression response to plant hormones, biotic and abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:853. [PMID: 25280591 PMCID: PMC4197254 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are Ca2+-permeable cation transport channels, which are present in both animal and plant systems. They have been implicated in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations, Ca2+ signaling, pathogen defense, and thermotolerance in plants. To date there has not been a genome-wide overview of the CNGC gene family in any economically important crop, including rice (Oryza sativa L.). There is an urgent need for a thorough genome-wide analysis and experimental verification of this gene family in rice. RESULTS In this study, a total of 16 full length rice CNGC genes distributed on chromosomes 1-6, 9 and 12, were identified by employing comprehensive bioinformatics analyses. Based on phylogeny, the family of OsCNGCs was classified into four major groups (I-IV) and two sub-groups (IV-A and IV- B). Likewise, the CNGCs from all plant lineages clustered into four groups (I-IV), where group II was conserved in all land plants. Gene duplication analysis revealed that both chromosomal segmentation (OsCNGC1 and 2, 10 and 11, 15 and 16) and tandem duplications (OsCNGC1 and 2) significantly contributed to the expansion of this gene family. Motif composition and protein sequence analysis revealed that the CNGC specific domain "cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD)" comprises a "phosphate binding cassette" (PBC) and a "hinge" region that is highly conserved among the OsCNGCs. In addition, OsCNGC proteins also contain various other functional motifs and post-translational modification sites. We successively built a stringent motif: (LI-X(2)-[GS]-X-[FV]-X-G-[1]-ELL-X-W-X(12,22)-SA-X(2)-T-X(7)-[EQ]-AF-X-L) that recognizes the rice CNGCs specifically. Prediction of cis-acting regulatory elements in 5' upstream sequences and expression analyses through quantitative qPCR demonstrated that OsCNGC genes were highly responsive to multiple stimuli including hormonal (abscisic acid, indoleacetic acid, kinetin and ethylene), biotic (Pseudomonas fuscovaginae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) and abiotic (cold) stress. CONCLUSIONS There are 16 CNGC genes in rice, which were probably expanded through chromosomal segmentation and tandem duplications and comprise a PBC and a "hinge" region in the CNBD domain, featured by a stringent motif. The various cis-acting regulatory elements in the upstream sequences may be responsible for responding to multiple stimuli, including hormonal, biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarqa Nawaz
- />State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
- />Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- />Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
| | | | - Mumtaz A Saand
- />Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur mir’s, Sindh Pakistan
| | - Qing-Yao Shu
- />State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
- />Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
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27
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Jia L, Chu H, Wu D, Feng M, Zhao L. Role of calmodulin in thermotolerance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:28887. [PMID: 24781358 PMCID: PMC4091604 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) are 2 key elements in heat shock (HS) signaling pathway. Our experiments indicate the existence of a cross talk among H 2O 2, NO, Ca 2+ channels, and the activation of calmodulin (CaM) to stimulate the DNA-binding activity of HS transcription factors as well as the accumulation of HS proteins so as to confer thermotolerance. CaM can bind to target proteins to alter their function, acting as part of a calcium signal transduction pathway. However, only a few of its target proteins had been reported by now. Herein we are discussing them and conclude that in order to obtain a more profound understanding of CaM signaling, further research will be needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Jia
- School of Life Sciences; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Hongye Chu
- School of Life Sciences; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Life Sciences; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Mei Feng
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College; Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang, PR China
- Correspondence to: Liqun Zhao,
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28
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Walker RK, Berkowitz GA. Molecular steps in the immune signaling pathway evoked by plant elicitor peptides: Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species are downstream from the early Ca2+ signal. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1459-71. [PMID: 24019427 PMCID: PMC3813664 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.226068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous plant elicitor peptides (Peps) can act to facilitate immune signaling and pathogen defense responses. Binding of these peptides to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plasma membrane-localized Pep receptors (PEPRs) leads to cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation, an early event in a signaling cascade that activates immune responses. This immune response includes the amplification of signaling evoked by direct perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by plant cells under assault. Work included in this report further characterizes the Pep immune response and identifies new molecular steps in the signal transduction cascade. The PEPR coreceptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 Associated Kinase1 contributes to generation of the Pep-activated Ca(2+) signal and leads to increased defense gene expression and resistance to a virulent bacterial pathogen. Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) decode the Ca(2+) signal, also facilitating defense gene expression and enhanced resistance to the pathogen. Nitric oxide and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species generation (due to the function of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog proteins D and F) are also involved downstream from the Ca(2+) signal in the Pep immune defense signal transduction cascade, as is the case with BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 Associated Kinase1 and CPK5, CPK6, and CPK11. These steps of the pathogen defense response are required for maximal Pep immune activation that limits growth of a virulent bacterial pathogen in the plant. We find a synergism between function of the PEPR and Flagellin Sensing2 receptors in terms of both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation. Presented results are also consistent with the involvement of the secondary messenger cyclic GMP and a cyclic GMP-activated Ca(2+)-conducting channel in the Pep immune signaling pathway.
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Fischer C, Kugler A, Hoth S, Dietrich P. An IQ domain mediates the interaction with calmodulin in a plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channel. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:573-84. [PMID: 23385145 PMCID: PMC3612182 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) form non-selective cation entry pathways regulated by calmodulin (CaM), a universal Ca(2+) sensor in eukaryotes. Although CaM binding has been shown to be important for Ca(2+)-dependent feedback regulation of CNGC activity, the CaM-binding properties of these channels have been investigated in a few cases only. We show that CNGC20 from Arabidopsis thaliana binds CaM in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and interacts with all AtCaM isoforms but not with the CaM-like proteins CML8 and CML9. CaM interaction with the full-length channel was demonstrated in planta, using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. This interaction occurred at the plasma membrane, in accordance with our localization data of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused CNGC20 proteins. The CaM-binding site was mapped to an isoleucine glutamine (IQ) motif, which has not been characterized in plant CNGCs so far. Our results show that compared with the overlapping binding sites for cyclic nucleotides and CaM in CNGCs studied so far, they are sequentially organized in CNGC20. The presence of two alternative CaM-binding modes indicates that ligand regulation of plant CNGCs is more complex than previously expected. Since the IQ domain is conserved among plant CNGCs, this domain adds to the variability of Ca(2+)-dependent channel control mechanisms underlining the functional diversity within this multigene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Fischer
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie and Erlangen Center of Plant Science, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Kugler
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie and Erlangen Center of Plant Science, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Stefan Hoth
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie and Erlangen Center of Plant Science, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Present address: Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststraße 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Dietrich
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie and Erlangen Center of Plant Science, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Yuen CCY, Christopher DA. The group IV-A cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, CNGC19 and CNGC20, localize to the vacuole membrane in Arabidopsis thaliana. AOB PLANTS 2013. [PMCID: PMC4455320 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, CNGC19 and CNGC20, are the sole members of the highly isolated evolutionary group IV-A in Arabidopsis plants. Prior studies have shown that the expression of both CNGC19 and CNGC20 genes are induced by salinity and biotic stress. In this report, CNGC19 and CNGC20 were determined to localize to the vacuolar membrane. Co-expression of CNGC19 and CNGC20 increased the efficiency of vacuolar localization. CNGC19 and CNGC20 are, therefore, vacuolar membrane channels that are hypothesized to mediate plant response to salinity and biotic stress. Plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are implicated in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations, Ca2+ signalling, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The 20 CNGC paralogues of Arabidopsis are divided into five evolutionary groups. Group IV-A is highly isolated and consists only of two closely spaced genes, CNGC19 and CNGC20. Prior studies have shown that both genes are induced by salinity and biotic stress. A unique feature of CNGC19 and CNGC20 is their long hydrophilic N-termini. To determine the subcellular locations of CNGC19 and CNGC20, partial and full-length fusions to GFP(S65T) were generated. Translational fusions of the N-termini of CNGC19 (residues 1–171) and CNGC20 (residues 1–200) to GFP(S65T) were targeted to punctate structures when transiently expressed in leaf protoplasts. In the case of CNGC20, but not CNGC19, the punctate structures were co-labelled with a marker for the Golgi. The full-length CNGC19-GFP fusion co-localized with markers for the vacuole membrane (αTIP- and γTIP-mCherry). Vacuole membrane labelling by the full-length CNGC20-GFP fusion was also observed, but the signal was weak and accompanied by numerous punctate signals that did not co-localize with αTIP- or γTIP-mCherry. These punctate structures diminished, and localization of full-length CNGC20-GFP to the vacuole increased, when it was co-expressed with the full-length CNGC19-mCherry. Vacuole membrane labelling was also detected in planta via immunoelectron microscopy using a CNGC20-antiserum on cryopreserved ultrathin sections of roots. We hypothesize that the role of group IV-A CNGCs is to mediate the movement of cations between the central vacuole and the cytosol in response to certain types of abiotic and biotic stress.
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Tunc-Ozdemir M, Tang C, Ishka MR, Brown E, Groves NR, Myers CT, Rato C, Poulsen LR, McDowell S, Miller G, Mittler R, Harper JF. A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC16) in pollen is critical for stress tolerance in pollen reproductive development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1010-20. [PMID: 23370720 PMCID: PMC3560999 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been implicated in diverse aspects of plant growth and development, including responses to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as pollen tube growth and fertility. Here, genetic evidence identifies CNGC16 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as critical for pollen fertility under conditions of heat stress and drought. Two independent transfer DNA disruptions of cngc16 resulted in a greater than 10-fold stress-dependent reduction in pollen fitness and seed set. This phenotype was fully rescued through pollen expression of a CNGC16 transgene, indicating that cngc16-1 and 16-2 were both loss-of-function null alleles. The most stress-sensitive period for cngc16 pollen was during germination and the initiation of pollen tube tip growth. Pollen viability assays indicate that mutant pollen are also hypersensitive to external calcium chloride, a phenomenon analogous to calcium chloride hypersensitivities observed in other cngc mutants. A heat stress was found to increase concentrations of 3',5'-cyclic guanyl monophosphate in both pollen and leaves, as detected using an antibody-binding assay. A quantitative PCR analysis indicates that cngc16 mutant pollen have attenuated expression of several heat-stress response genes, including two heat shock transcription factor genes, HsfA2 and HsfB1. Together, these results provide evidence for a heat stress response pathway in pollen that connects a cyclic nucleotide signal, a Ca(2+)-permeable ion channel, and a signaling network that activates a downstream transcriptional heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Tunc-Ozdemir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Chong Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Maryam Rahmati Ishka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Norman R. Groves
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | | | | | - Lisbeth R. Poulsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Stephen McDowell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Gad Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
| | - Jeffrey F. Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (M.T.-O., C.T., M.R.I., E.B., C.T.M., L.R.P., S.M., J.F.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (N.R.G.); Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, 1749–016 Lisboa, Portugal (C.R.); Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark (L.R.P.); and The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel (G.M.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.M.)
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Bürstenbinder K, Savchenko T, Müller J, Adamson AW, Stamm G, Kwong R, Zipp BJ, Dinesh DC, Abel S. Arabidopsis calmodulin-binding protein IQ67-domain 1 localizes to microtubules and interacts with kinesin light chain-related protein-1. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:1871-82. [PMID: 23204523 PMCID: PMC3548496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.396200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a key second messenger in eukaryotes and regulates diverse cellular processes, most notably via calmodulin (CaM). In Arabidopsis thaliana, IQD1 (IQ67 domain 1) is the founding member of the IQD family of putative CaM targets. The 33 predicted IQD proteins share a conserved domain of 67 amino acids that is characterized by a unique arrangement of multiple CaM recruitment motifs, including so-called IQ motifs. Whereas IQD1 has been implicated in the regulation of defense metabolism, the biochemical functions of IQD proteins remain to be elucidated. In this study we show that IQD1 binds to multiple Arabidopsis CaM and CaM-like (CML) proteins in vitro and in yeast two-hybrid interaction assays. CaM overlay assays revealed moderate affinity of IQD1 to CaM2 (K(d) ∼ 0.6 μm). Deletion mapping of IQD1 demonstrated the importance of the IQ67 domain for CaM2 binding in vitro, which is corroborated by interaction of the shortest IQD member, IQD20, with Arabidopsis CaM/CMLs in yeast. A genetic screen of a cDNA library identified Arabidopsis kinesin light chain-related protein-1 (KLCR1) as an IQD1 interactor. The subcellular localization of GFP-tagged IQD1 proteins to microtubules and the cell nucleus in transiently and stably transformed plant tissues (tobacco leaves and Arabidopsis seedlings) suggests direct interaction of IQD1 and KLCR1 in planta that is supported by GFP∼IQD1-dependent recruitment of RFP∼KLCR1 and RFP∼CaM2 to microtubules. Collectively, the prospect arises that IQD1 and related proteins provide Ca(2+)/CaM-regulated scaffolds for facilitating cellular transport of specific cargo along microtubular tracks via kinesin motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bürstenbinder
- From the Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Tatyana Savchenko
- the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Jens Müller
- From the Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Aaron W. Adamson
- the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Gina Stamm
- From the Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Raymond Kwong
- the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Brandon J. Zipp
- the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
| | | | - Steffen Abel
- From the Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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Leba LJ, Cheval C, Ortiz-Martín I, Ranty B, Beuzón CR, Galaud JP, Aldon D. CML9, an Arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein, contributes to plant innate immunity through a flagellin-dependent signalling pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 71:976-89. [PMID: 22563930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many stimuli such as hormones and elicitors induce changes in intracellular calcium levels to integrate information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca(2+) signals are perceived by various Ca(2+) sensors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best characterized in eukaryotes. Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins extend the Ca(2+) toolkit in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM but their roles at physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. Knowledge of the contribution of Ca(2+) decoding proteins to plant immunity is emerging, and we report here data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9, whose expression is rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, flagellin and salicylic acid. Using a reverse genetic approach, we present evidence that CML9 is involved in plant defence by modulating responses to bacterial strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Compared to wild-type plants, the later responses normally observed upon flagellin application are altered in knockout mutants and over-expressing transgenic lines. Collectively, using PAMP treatment and P. syringae strains, we have established that CML9 participates in plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Jérôme Leba
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
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Leba LJ, Perochon A, Cheval C, Ranty B, Galaud JP, Aldon D. CML9, a multifunctional Arabidopsis thaliana calmodulin-like protein involved in stress responses and plant growth? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1121-4. [PMID: 22899061 PMCID: PMC3489642 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex signaling networks to respond to their fluctuating environment and adapt their growth and development. Calcium-dependent signaling pathways play key role in the onset of these adaptive responses. In plant cells, the intracellular calcium transients are triggered by numerous stimuli and it is supposed that the large repertory of calcium sensors present in higher plants could contribute to integrate these signals in physiological responses. Here, we present data on CML9, a calmodulin-like protein that appears to be involved in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress. Using a reverse genetic approach based on gain and loss of function mutants, we present here data indicating that this CML might also be involved in root growth control in response to the flagellin, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) also involved in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Jérôme Leba
- Université de Toulouse (UPS); UMR 5546 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; BP42617; Castanet-Tolosan CEDEX, France
- CNRS; UMR 5546; BP 42617; Castanet-Tolosan; France
| | - Alexandre Perochon
- Université de Toulouse (UPS); UMR 5546 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; BP42617; Castanet-Tolosan CEDEX, France
- CNRS; UMR 5546; BP 42617; Castanet-Tolosan; France
- Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory; School of Biology and Environmental Science; University College Dublin; Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cécilia Cheval
- Université de Toulouse (UPS); UMR 5546 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; BP42617; Castanet-Tolosan CEDEX, France
- CNRS; UMR 5546; BP 42617; Castanet-Tolosan; France
| | - Benoit Ranty
- Université de Toulouse (UPS); UMR 5546 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; BP42617; Castanet-Tolosan CEDEX, France
- CNRS; UMR 5546; BP 42617; Castanet-Tolosan; France
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Université de Toulouse (UPS); UMR 5546 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; BP42617; Castanet-Tolosan CEDEX, France
- CNRS; UMR 5546; BP 42617; Castanet-Tolosan; France
| | - Didier Aldon
- Université de Toulouse (UPS); UMR 5546 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; BP42617; Castanet-Tolosan CEDEX, France
- CNRS; UMR 5546; BP 42617; Castanet-Tolosan; France
- Correspondence to: Didier Aldon,
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Calcium/calmodulin inhibition of the Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 receptor kinase provides a possible link between calcium and brassinosteroid signalling. Biochem J 2012; 443:515-23. [PMID: 22309147 PMCID: PMC3316158 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The receptor kinase BRI1 (BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1) is a key component in BR (brassinosteroid) perception and signal transduction, and has a broad impact on plant growth and development. In the present study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CaM (calmodulin) binds to the recombinant cytoplasmic domain of BRI1 in a Ca2+-dependent manner in vitro. In silico analysis predicted binding to Helix E of the BRI1 kinase subdomain VIa and a synthetic peptide based on this sequence interacted with Ca2+/CaM. Co-expression of CaM with the cytoplasmic domain of BRI1 in Escherichia coli strongly reduced autophosphorylation of BRI1, in particular on tyrosine residues, and also reduced the BRI1-mediated transphosphorylation of E. coli proteins on tyrosine, threonine and presumably serine residues. Several isoforms of CaM and CMLs (CaM-like proteins) were more effective (AtCaM6, AtCaM7 and AtCML8, where At is Arabidopsis thaliana) than others (AtCaM2, AtCaM4 and AtCML11) when co-expressed with BRI1 in E. coli. These results establish a novel assay for recombinant BRI1 transphosphorylation activity and collectively uncover a possible new link between Ca2+ and BR signalling.
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Abstract
Calcium signal transduction is a central mechanism by which plants sense and respond to endogenous and environmental stimuli. Cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation is achieved via two cellular pathways, Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+) channels in the plasma membrane and Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Because of the significance of Ca(2+) channels in cellular signaling, interaction with the environment and developmental processes in plants, a great deal of effort has been invested in recent years with regard to these important membrane proteins. Because of limited space, in this review we focus on recent findings giving insight into both the molecular identity and physiological function of channels that have been suggested to be responsible for the elevation in cytosolic Ca(2+) level, including cyclic nucleotide gated channels, glutamate receptor homologs, two-pore channels and mechanosensitive Ca(2+) -permeable channels. We provide an overview of the regulation of these Ca(2+) channels and their physiological roles and discuss remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Jammes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Park HC, Park CY, Koo SC, Cheong MS, Kim KE, Kim MC, Lim CO, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Chung WS. AtCML8, a calmodulin-like protein, differentially activating CaM-dependent enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2010; 29:1297-304. [PMID: 20820784 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants express many calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins that sense and transduce different Ca(2+) signals. Previously, we reported divergent soybean (Glycine max) CaM isoforms (GmCaM4/5) with differential abilities to activate CaM-dependent enzymes. To elucidate biological functions of divergent CaM proteins, we isolated a cDNA encoding a CML protein, AtCML8, from Arabidopsis. AtCML8 shows highest identity with GmCaM4 at the protein sequence level. Expression of AtCML8 was high in roots, leaves, and flowers but low in stems. In addition, the expression of AtCML8 was induced by exposure to salicylic acid or NaCl. AtCML8 showed typical characteristics of CaM such as Ca(2+)-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift and Ca(2+) binding ability. In immunoblot analyses, AtCML8 was recognized only by antiserum against GmCaM4 but not by GmCaM1 antibodies. Interestingly, AtCML8 was able to activate phosphodiesterase (PDE) but did not activate NAD kinase. These results suggest that AtCML8 acts as a CML protein in Arabidopsis with characteristics similar to soybean divergent GmCaM4 at the biochemical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Cheol Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju, Korea.
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Abdel-Hamid H, Chin K, Shahinas D, Moeder W, Yoshioka K. Calmodulin binding to Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:1147-9. [PMID: 21150265 PMCID: PMC3115090 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.9.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have reported that the αC-helix in the cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) is required for channel regulation and function of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels (CNGCs) in Arabidopsis. A mutation at arginine 557 to cysteine (R557C) in the αC-helix of the CNBD caused an alteration in channel regulation. Protein sequence alignments revealed that R557 is located in a region that is important for calmodulin (CaM) binding. It has been hypothesized that CaM negatively regulates plant CNGCs similar to their counter parts in animals. However, only a handful of studies has been published so far and we still do not have much information about the regulation of CNGCs by CaM. Here, we conducted in silico binding prediction of CaM and Arabidopsis CNGC12 (AtCNGC12) to further study the role of R557. Our analysis revealed that R557 forms salt bridges with both D79 and E83 in AtCaM1. Interestingly, a mutation of R557 to C causes the loss of these salt bridges. Our data further suggests that this alteration in CaM binding causes the observed altered channel regulation and that R557 plays an important role in CaM binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kimberley Chin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Dea Shahinas
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF); University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF); University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
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Chin K, Moeder W, Abdel-Hamid H, Shahinas D, Gupta D, Yoshioka K. Importance of the alphaC-helix in the cyclic nucleotide binding domain for the stable channel regulation and function of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:2383-93. [PMID: 20378667 PMCID: PMC2877894 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels (CNGCs) in the signal transduction of animal light and odorant perception is well documented. Although plant CNGCs have recently been revealed to mediate multiple stress responses and developmental pathways, studies that aim to elucidate their structural and regulatory properties are still very much in their infancy. The structure-function relationship of plant CNGCs was investigated here by using the chimeric Arabidopsis AtCNGC11/12 gene that induces multiple defence responses in the Arabidopsis mutant constitutive expresser of PR genes 22 (cpr22) for the identification of functionally essential residues. A genetic screen for mutants that suppress cpr22-conferred phenotypes identified over 20 novel mutant alleles in AtCNGC11/12. One of these mutants, suppressor S58 possesses a single amino acid substitution, arginine 557 to cysteine, in the alphaC-helix of the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). The suppressor S58 lost all cpr22 related phenotypes, such as spontaneous cell death formation under ambient temperature conditions. However, these phenotypes were recovered at 16 degrees C suggesting that the stability of channel function is affected by temperature. In silico modelling and site-directed mutagenesis analyses suggest that arginine 557 in the alphaC-helix of the CNBD is important for channel regulation, but not for basic function. Furthermore, another suppressor mutant, S136 that lacks the entire alphaC-helix due to a premature stop codon, lost channel function completely. Our data presented here indicate that the alphaC-helix is functionally important in plant CNGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Chin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Huda Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Dea Shahinas
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
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Yuen CYL, Christopher DA. The Role of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels in Cation Nutrition and Abiotic Stress. ION CHANNELS AND PLANT STRESS RESPONSES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10494-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Kawai-Yamada M, Hori Z, Ogawa T, Ihara-Ohori Y, Tamura K, Nagano M, Ishikawa T, Uchimiya H. Loss of calmodulin binding to Bax inhibitor-1 affects Pseudomonas-mediated hypersensitive response-associated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27998-28003. [PMID: 19674971 PMCID: PMC2788852 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.037234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is a cell death suppressor protein conserved across a variety of organisms. The Arabidopsis atbi1-1 plant is a mutant in which the C-terminal 6 amino acids of the expressed BI-1 protein have been replaced by T-DNA insertion. This mutant BI-1 protein (AtBI-CM) produced in Escherichia coli can no longer bind to calmodulin. A promoter-reporter assay demonstrated compartmentalized expression of BI-1 during hypersensitive response, introduced by the inoculation of Pseudomonas syringae possessing the avrRTP2 gene, Pst(avrRPT2). In addition, both BI-1 knockdown plants and atbi1-1 showed increased sensitivity to Pst(avrRPT2)-induced cell death. The results indicated that the loss of calmodulin binding reduces the cell death suppressor activity of BI-1 in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570.
| | - Zenta Hori
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032
| | - Taro Ogawa
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032
| | - Yuri Ihara-Ohori
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032
| | - Katsunori Tamura
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032
| | - Minoru Nagano
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uchimiya
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032; Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003
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Transduction mechanisms of photoreceptor signals in plant cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Magnan F, Ranty B, Charpenteau M, Sotta B, Galaud JP, Aldon D. Mutations in AtCML9, a calmodulin-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, alter plant responses to abiotic stress and abscisic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 56:575-89. [PMID: 18643966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many stimuli, such as hormones and abiotic stress factors, elicit changes in intracellular calcium levels that serve to convey information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca2+ signals are perceived by different Ca2+ receptors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best-characterized Ca2+ sensors in eukaryotes. Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins also exist in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM, but their roles at the physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. We present data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9 (AtCML9) that exhibits 46% amino acid sequence identity with CaM. AtCML9 transcripts are found in all major organs, and a putative AtCML9 regulatory region confers reporter gene expression at various sites, including root apex, stomata, hydathodes and trichomes. AtCML9 expression is rapidly induced by abiotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in young seedlings, and by using cml9 knock-out mutants we present evidence that AtCML9 plays essential roles in modulating responses to salt stress and ABA. Seed germination and seedling growth for the mutant lines present a hypersensitive response to ABA that could be correlated with enhanced tolerance to salt stress and water deficit. Mutations of the AtCML9 gene also alter the expression of several stress-regulated genes, suggesting that AtCML9 is involved in salt stress tolerance through its effects on the ABA-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Magnan
- UMR 5546 CNRS-Université Toulouse III, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, 24 Chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Genger RK, Jurkowski GI, McDowell JM, Lu H, Jung HW, Greenberg JT, Bent AF. Signaling pathways that regulate the enhanced disease resistance of Arabidopsis "defense, no death" mutants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2008; 21:1285-96. [PMID: 18785824 PMCID: PMC2923831 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-21-10-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis dnd1 and dnd2 mutants lack cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel proteins and carry out avirulence or resistance gene-mediated defense with a greatly reduced hypersensitive response (HR). They also exhibit elevated broad-spectrum disease resistance and constitutively elevated salicylic acid (SA) levels. We examined the contributions of NPR1, SID2 (EDS16), NDR1, and EIN2 to dnd phenotypes. Mutations that affect SA accumulation or signaling (sid2, npr1, and ndr1) abolished the enhanced resistance of dnd mutants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Hyaloperonospora parasitica but not Botrytis cinerea. When SA-associated pathways were disrupted, the constitutive activation of NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent and SA-dependent pathways was redirected toward PDF1.2-associated pathways. This PDF1.2 overexpression was downregulated after infection by P. syringae. Disruption of ethylene signaling abolished the enhanced resistance to B. cinerea but not P. syringae or H. parasitica. However, loss of NPR1, SID2, NDR1, or EIN2 did not detectably alter the reduced HR in dnd mutants. The susceptibility of dnd ein2 plants to B. cinerea despite their reduced-HR phenotype suggests that cell death repression is not the primary cause of dnd resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. The partial restoration of resistance to B. cinerea in dnd1 npr1 ein2 triple mutants indicated that this resistance is not entirely EIN2 dependent. The above findings indicate that the broad-spectrum resistance of dnd mutants occurs due to activation or sensitization of multiple defense pathways, yet none of the investigated pathways are required for the reduced-HR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth K Genger
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Furuichi T, Kawano T, Tatsumi H, Sokabe M. Roles of Ion Channels in the Environmental Responses of Plants. SENSING WITH ION CHANNELS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72739-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Borsics T, Webb D, Andeme-Ondzighi C, Staehelin LA, Christopher DA. The cyclic nucleotide-gated calmodulin-binding channel AtCNGC10 localizes to the plasma membrane and influences numerous growth responses and starch accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2007; 225:563-73. [PMID: 16944199 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) that are regulated by calmodulin (CaM) have been shown to play essential roles in signal transduction, metabolism, and growth in animals. By contrast, very little is known about the subcellular location and the function of these channels in plants. Here we report on the effects of antisense suppression of the expression of AtCNGC10, a putative K+ channel, and the immunolocalization of the protein using an AtCNGC10-specific antiserum. In Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, AtCNGC10 was localized to the plasma membrane of mesophyll and parenchyma cells. Antisense AtCNGC10 plants had 40% of the AtCNGC10 mRNA levels and virtually undetectable protein levels relative to wild type plants. Antisense expression of AtCNGC10 did not affect the mRNA levels of AtCNGC13, the most closely related CNGC family member in the genome. Relative to wild type Columbia, antisense AtCNGC10 plants flowered 10 days earlier, and had a 25% reduction in leaf surface area, thickness and palisade parenchyma cell length. Their roots responded more slowly to gravitropic changes and the chloroplasts accumulated more starch. We propose that AtCNGC10, through interactions with CaM and cGMP, modulates cellular K+ balance across the plasma membrane, and that perturbations of this K+ gradient affect numerous growth and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Borsics
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Agsciences 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Li DF, Li J, Ma L, Zhang L, Lu YT. Calmodulin isoform-specific activation of a rice calmodulin-binding kinase conferred by only three amino-acids of OsCaM61. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4325-31. [PMID: 16842786 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinase activity of a Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-binding serine/threonine protein kinase from rice (Oryza sativa) (OsCBK) has been reported to be unaffected by OsCaM1 binding. In this study, we examined whether other rice CaMs can stimulate OsCBK. It was observed that OsCaM61 stimulated OsCBK in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. In addition, Ala(111), Gly(123) and Ser(127) were identified as critical residues for OsCBK activation. Mutational study and fluorescent spectroscopy analysis indicated that CaM-binding affinity does not correlate with the kinase activity and that these key amino-acids in OsCaM61 play a vital role in suitable changes of OsCBK conformation for kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Fan Li
- Key Lab of MOE for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Ranty B, Aldon D, Galaud JP. Plant calmodulins and calmodulin-related proteins: multifaceted relays to decode calcium signals. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2006; 1:96-104. [PMID: 19521489 PMCID: PMC2635005 DOI: 10.4161/psb.1.3.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The calmodulin (CaM) family is a major class of calcium sensor proteins which collectively play a crucial role in cellular signaling cascades through the regulation of numerous target proteins. Although CaM is one of the most conserved proteins in all eukaryotes, several features of CaM and its downstream effector proteins are unique to plants. The continuously growing repertoire of CaM-binding proteins includes several plant-specific proteins. Plants also possess a particular set of CaM isoforms and CaM-like proteins (CMLs) whose functions have just begun to be elucidated. This review summarizes recent insights that help to understand the role of this multigene family in plant development and adaptation to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Ranty
- UMR 5546 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier; Pôle de Biotechnologie végétale; Castanet-Tolosan; France
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Gobert A, Park G, Amtmann A, Sanders D, Maathuis FJM. Arabidopsis thaliana cyclic nucleotide gated channel 3 forms a non-selective ion transporter involved in germination and cation transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:791-800. [PMID: 16449377 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 20 cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGC) genes encoding putative non-selective ion channels. Classical and reverse genetic approaches have revealed that two members of this family (CNGC2 and CNGC4) play a role in plant defence responses whereas CNGC1 and CNGC10 may participate in heavy metal and cation transport. Yet, it remains to be resolved how the ion transport attributes of CNGCs are integrated into their physiological function. In this study, CNGC3 is characterized through heterologous expression, GUS- and GFP-reporter gene fusions, and by adopting a reverse genetics approach. A CNGC3-GFP fusion protein shows that it is mainly targeted to the plasma membrane. Promoter GUS studies demonstrate CNGC3 expression predominantly in the cortical and epidermal root cells, but also a ubiquitous presence in shoot tissues. Expression of CNGC3 in yeast indicates it can function as a Na(+) uptake and a K(+) uptake mechanism. cngc3 null mutations decreased seed germination in the presence of NaCl but not KCl. Relative to the wild type, mutant seedling growth is more resistant to the presence of toxic concentrations of NaCl and KCl. The ionic composition and ion uptake characteristics of wild-type and mutant seedlings suggests that the growth advantage in these conditions may be due to restricted ion influx in mutant plants, and that CNGC3 functions in the non-selective uptake of monovalent cations in Arabidopsis root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gobert
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Ashley MK, Grant M, Grabov A. Plant responses to potassium deficiencies: a role for potassium transport proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:425-36. [PMID: 16364949 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The availability of potassium to the plant is highly variable, due to complex soil dynamics, which are strongly influenced by root-soil interactions. A low plant potassium status triggers expression of high affinity K+ transporters, up-regulates some K+ channels, and activates signalling cascades, some of which are similar to those involved in wounding and other stress responses. The molecules that signal low K+ status in plants include reactive oxygen species and phytohormones, such as auxin, ethylene and jasmonic acid. Apart from up-regulation of transport proteins and adjustment of metabolic processes, potassium deprivation triggers developmental responses in roots. All these acclimation strategies enable plants to survive and compete for nutrients in a dynamic environment with a variable availability of potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ashley
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Wye Campus, Wye, Ashford TN25 5AH, Kent, UK
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